Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial analysis'
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1
Fischer, Manfred M. "Spatial Analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4145/1/WSG_DP_6699.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This article views spatial analysis as a research paradigm that provides a unique set of specialised
techniques and models for a wide range of research questions in which the prime variables of interest
vary significantly over space. The heartland of spatial analysis is concerned with the analysis and
modeling of spatial data. Spatial point patterns and area referenced data represent the most appropriate
perspectives for applications in the social sciences. The researcher analysing and modeling spatial data
tends to be confronted with a series of problems such as the data quality problem, the ecological
fallacy problem, the modifiable areal unit problem, boundary and frame effects, and the spatial
dependence problem. The problem of spatial dependence is at the core of modern spatial analysis and
requires the use of specialised techniques and models in the data analysis. The discussion focuses on
exploratory techniques and model-driven [confirmatory] modes of analysing spatial point patterns and
area data. In closing, prospects are given towards a new style of data-driven spatial analysis
characterized by computational intelligence techniques such as evolutionary computation and neural
network modeling to meet the challenges of huge quantities of spatial data characteristic in remote
sensing, geodemographics and marketing. (author's abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
2
Yan, Hongjia. "Statistical analysis of spatial dynamic pattern in spatial data analysis." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4495/.
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In this thesis, inspired by the Boston House Price data, we propose a semiparametric spatial dynamic model, that extends the ordinary spatial autoregressive models to accommodate the effects of some covariates associated with the House price. A profile likelihood-based estimation procedure is proposed and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are derived. We also investigate the connection between cross-validation method and AIC/BIC methods in the semiparametric family. In the proposed model, it is easier to apply the AIC/BIC method than the 'cross-validation' method. We illustrate how to identify the parametric/nonparametric components in the proposed semiparametric model. We also show how many unknown parameters an unknown bivariate function amounts to, and propose an AIC/BIC nonparametric model selection. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed methods, and their results show that the methods work very well. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to analyze the Boston House Price data, which lead to some interesting findings.Although, the proposed model and methodology are stimulated by the Boston House Price data, they could be widely used in many other scientific problems.
3
Yue, Yu. "Spatially adaptive priors for regression and spatial modeling." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6059.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
4
Zhang, Jun. "Nearest neighbor queries in spatial and spatio-temporal databases /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20ZHANG.
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Zhang, Xiang. "Analysis of Spatial Data." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/4.
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In many areas of the agriculture, biological, physical and social sciences, spatial lattice data are becoming increasingly common. In addition, a large amount of lattice data shows not only visible spatial pattern but also temporal pattern (see, Zhu et al. 2005). An interesting problem is to develop a model to systematically model the relationship between the response variable and possible explanatory variable, while accounting for space and time effect simultaneously.
Spatial-temporal linear model and the corresponding likelihood-based statistical inference are important tools for the analysis of spatial-temporal lattice data. We propose a general asymptotic framework for spatial-temporal linear models and investigate the property of maximum likelihood estimates under such framework. Mild regularity conditions on the spatial-temporal weight matrices will be put in order to derive the asymptotic properties (consistency and asymptotic normality) of maximum likelihood estimates. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite-sample properties of the maximum likelihood estimates.
For spatial data, aside from traditional likelihood-based method, a variety of literature has discussed Bayesian approach to estimate the correlation (auto-covariance function) among spatial data, especially Zheng et al. (2010) proposed a nonparametric Bayesian approach to estimate a spectral density. We will also discuss nonparametric Bayesian approach in analyzing spatial data. We will propose a general procedure for constructing a multivariate Feller prior and establish its theoretical property as a nonparametric prior. A blocked Gibbs sampling algorithm is also proposed for computation since the posterior distribution is analytically manageable.
6
White, Gentry. "Bayesian semiparametric spatial and joint spatio-temporal modeling." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4450.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 2, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
7
Hashimoto, Tomoyuki. "Spatial analysis of pedestrian accidents." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001072.
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Katz, Ronit. "Spatial analysis of pore images." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260735.
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Mugglestone, Moira A. "Spectral analysis of spatial processes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15450.
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This thesis is concerned with the development of two-dimensional spectral analysis as a technique for investigating spatial pattern, and the stochastic processes which generate pattern. The technique is discussed for two types of data: first, quantitative measurements associated with a rectangular grid, or lattice; secondly, analysis of spatial point patterns using the coordinates which describe the locations of events. Spectral analysis of lattice data is applied to two examples of remotely sensed digital imagery. The first example consists of digitised aerial photographs of glaciated terrain in Canada. Spectral analysis is used to detect geological lineations which are visible in the photographs, and to study the structure of the land surface beneath the lineations. The second example is meteorological satellite imagery. Spectral analysis is used to develop a system for discrimination between different cloud types. Point spectral analysis is used as the basis of formal tests for randomness, against alternatives such as clustering or inhibition. Spectral theory for univariate spatial point patterns is extended to cross-spectral analysis of bivariate point patterns. In particular, we show how cross-spectral functions indicate the type of interaction between the events of two patterns. A test for independent components is composed, and the application of the test is demonstrated using a variety of real and artificial patterns. A further extension, to bispectral analysis of third-order properties of spatial point patterns, is also discussed. This type of analysis is used to distinguish between processes which have the same first- and second-order properties, but different third-order properties. Finally, we show how Greig-Smith analysis of quadrant count data can be interpreted as a type of two-dimensional spectral analysis based on a set of orthogonal square waves known as Walsh functions. This representation indicates why Greig Smith's method is entirely dependent on the starting point of the grid.
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Basnet, Shiva. "Spatial Analysis of Rock Textures." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1349988757.
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RUSTIADI, ERNAN. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON SUBURBANIZATION PROCESS." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181904.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7895号
農博第1053号
新制||農||779(附属図書館)
学位論文||H11||N3258(農学部図書室)
UT51-99-G489
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 小林 愼太郎, 教授 高橋 強, 教授 加賀爪 優
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Markhede, Henrik. "Spatial positioning : method development for spatial analysis of interaction in buildings." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25877.
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In offices, knowledge sharing largely depends on everyday face-to-face interaction patterns. These interaction patterns may depend on how employees move through the office space. This thesis explores how these spatial relations influence individual choices with respect to employee movements or routes. Space syntax related research has shown a strong relationship between spatial configuration and pedestrian movement in cities, yet field of space syntax has not applied spatial analysis to the office environment. Although several many space syntax researchers have suggested a connection between spatial configuration of offices and movement patterns of employees, no studies have developed methods to address this issue specifically. Our initial results suggest that organizational borders sometimes work as well as walls regarding movement related to face-to-face interaction in offices. This has led us to perform analysis using occupied spatial positions as a complement to the regular space syntax analysis. Using spatial positioning analysis, we incorporate organizational aspects into space syntax analysis and shift focus from analysis of movement to analysis of interaction. Our papers develop both observational methods and software for spatial modelling. We conclude that rational choice theory and actor network theory can provide useful conceptions and models for how to perform spatial analysis of interactions. Future research should focus on software development and new interpretations related to rational choice, actor networks, and symbolic interactionism.QC 20101103
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Elfitri, I. "Analysis by synthesis spatial audio coding." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590657.
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Spatial Audio Coding (SAC) is a technique used to encode multichannel audio signals by extract ing the spatial parameters and downmixing the audio signals to a mono or stereo audio signal. Recently, various SAC techniques have been proposed to efficiently encode multichannel audio signals. However, all of them operate in open-loop, where the encoder and decoder operate sequentially and independently, and, thus, lack a mechanism for minimising the decoded audio reconstruction error. This thesis proposes a novel SAC technique that utilises the closed-loop system configuration, termed Analysis by Synthesis (AbS), in order to optimise the downmix: signal and the spatial parameters, so as to minimise the decoded signal error. In order to show the effect of the AbS optimisations, the Reverse One-To-Two (R-OTT) module, used in the MPEG Surround (MPS) , must first be applied in the frequency domain to recalculate the downmix and residual signals based on the quantised spatial parameters. These parameters show that the AbS scheme can minimise the quantisation errors of the spatial parameters. As the full AbS is far too complicated to be applied in practice, a simplified AbS algorithm for finding sub-optimal parameters, based on the adapted R-OTT module, is also proposed. Subjective tests show that the proposed Analysis by Synthesis Spatial Audio Coding (AbS-SAC), encoding 5-channel audio signals at a bitrate of 51.2 kb/s per audio channel, achieves higher Subjective Difference Grade (SDG) scores than the tested Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) technique. Furthermore, the objective test also shows that the proposed AbS-SAC method, operating at bitrates of 40 to 96 kb/s per audio channel, significantly outperforms (in terms of Objective Difference Grade (ODG) scores) the tested AAC multichannel technique.
14
Fischer, Manfred M. "Recent Advances in Spatial Data Analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4243/1/WGI_DP_7000.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This article views spatial analysis as a research paradigm that provides a unique set of
specialised techniques and models for a wide range of research questions in which the prime
variables of interest vary significantly over space. The heart of spatial analysis is concerned
with the analysis and modeling of spatial data. Spatial point patterns and area referenced data
represent the most appropriate perspectives for applications in the social sciences. The
researcher analysing and modeling spatial data tends to be confronted with a series of
problems such as the data quality problem, the ecological fallacy problem, the modifiable
areal unit problem, boundary and frame effects, and the spatial dependence problem. The
problem of spatial dependence is at the core of modern spatial analysis and requires the use of
specialised techniques and models in the data analysis. The discussion focuses on exploratory
techniques and model-driven [confirmatory] modes of analysing spatial point patterns and
area data. In closing, prospects are given towards a new style of data-driven spatial analysis
characterized by computational intelligence techniques such as evolutionary computation and
neural network modeling to meet the challenges of huge quantities of spatial data
characteristic in remote sensing, geodemographics and marketing. (author's abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
15
Gostock, Mark. "Spatial analysis of interactions at interfaces." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404045.
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Williams, Richard David. "Organisation and analysis of spatial data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304464.
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Jarvis, C. "Spatial analysis of cluster randomised trials." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4648971/.
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Cluster randomised trials (CRTs) often use geographical areas as the unit of randomisation. Despite this, explicit consideration of the location and spatial distribution of observations is rare. In many trials, the location of participants will have little importance, however in some, especially against infectious diseases, spillover effects due to participants being located close together may affect trial results. This PhD takes a multidisciplinary approach to apply and evaluate spatial analysis methods in CRTs, furthering understanding of how spatial analysis can complement traditional evaluation of CRTs. I began by conducting a systematic review of CRTs that used spatial analysis techniques. I found only 10 published papers, most of which being supplementary analyses of the main trial. I then conducted a spatial analysis of an Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) transmission household CRT. This provided additional insights into the underlying mechanism of polio transmission that support the global cessation of OPV and emphasises the difficulties of the global eradication of polio. Following this, I performed a spatial reanalysis of an insecticide-treated bed net CRT, applying approaches from the systematic review and a new method I developed called cluster reallocation to assess the presence and impact of spatial spillover in the trial. This analysis confirmed the previous estimate of intervention effect while showing evidence of a spillover effect. I carried out simulation studies to evaluate the impact of spillover and spatial effects on the standard CRT model and compared spatial regression to non-spatial models. These simulations focus on how to generate spatial spillover effects and the magnitude needed before spatial consideration becomes important to CRTs. I found that non-spatial CRT models are relatively robust to spatial effects and that the use of spatial models does not appear to improve upon the non-spatial model. The collective findings of this thesis highlight that standard CRT approaches are typically robust to small scale spillover effects and consideration of the spatial distribution of observations appears to provide little utility in the main analysis of a trial. Despite this, spatial methods can provide additional insights into the mechanism of interventions and are well suited to secondary analyses of CRTs, especially with the increasing collection of GPS data in CRTs.
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Fischer, Manfred M., and Peter Nijkamp. "Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4219/1/WSG_DP_1491.pdf.
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Gazzah, Faten. "Entrepreneurship and regional development : spatial analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC025.
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Cette thèse se propose de mettre en perspective l’impact de l’environnement entrepreneurial, afin d'expliquer les raisons de la variation spatiale du niveau de développement régional pour les régions de l’Union Européenne et celles des régions tunisiennes. Cette inégalité régionale s’accompagne par une non-stationnarité spatiale des relations modalisées dans l’espace, ce qui implique que certaines variables peuvent avoir un effet positif dans quelques régions, alors que des effets négatifs sont observables dans d’autres régions. Pour aborder la question des inégalités régionales liées à une contribution entrepreneuriale dans un contexte spatiale, trois chapitres, sous forme d’articles, ont été développés. Le premier chapitre étudie l’hétérogénéité spatiale de l’impact de l’environnement entrepreneurial sur le développement des régions de l’Union Européenne. Le deuxième s’intéresse à la description des répartitions spatiales globales et locales de l’indice de développement régional en Tunisie, ainsi qu'à l’impact de la variation de l’effet de la micro-entreprise sur l’indice de développement des régions (délégations) tunisiennes. Le dernier chapitre explique les facteurs favorisant un environnement entrepreneurial adéquat pour attirer les micro-entreprises dans les régions (délégations) tunisiennes principalement défavorisées mais qui sont cependant dans une phase de développement.En se basant sur un échantillon composé de 246 régions de l’Union Européenne, les résultats du premier chapitre annoncent que l’environnement entrepreneurial contribue à expliquer les inégalités du développement entre les régions. Ce résultat révèle que promouvoir un entrepreneuriat d’opportunité face à un entrepreneuriat de nécessité dans les régions les moins développées de l’Union Européenne est une obligation, notamment dans les pays de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objectif d’examiner l’effet de la micro-entreprise sur l’indice de développement des 262 régions tunisiennes à l’aide d’une analyse exploratoire des données Géo-référencées. Le résultat obtenu montre, sur la base d’un modèle spatial global, que la présence de la micro-entreprise dans une région impacte positivement le niveau de développement régional de celle-ci et de celles des régions voisines. A contrario, pour un modèle spatial local, nous constatons, d’une part que l'impact de la micro-entreprise s’affaiblit en se rapprochant des régions côtières (développées), et d’autre part que l'impact de la micro-entreprise est plus important dans les régions à faible niveau de développement par rapport à celles dotées d’un développement favorable. Les résultats du troisième chapitre affirment que l’entrepreneuriat par nécessité, un contexte social décourageant, la corruption, la faible fiabilité des structures d'appui et le déséquilibre entre la formation universitaire et l’offre d’emplois qualifiés sur le marché sont les facteurs majeurs freinant la survie de la micro-entreprise dans les régions en retard de développementThis thesis proposes to put into perspective the impact of the entrepreneurial environment, in order to explain the reasons for the spatial variation of the level of regional development for the regions of the European Union and those of the Tunisian regions. This regional inequality is accompanied by non-stationary spatial modalized relationships in space, implying that certain variables can have a positive effect in some regions, while negative effects are observable in other regions. To address the issue of regional inequalities in an entrepreneurial contribution in a context space, three chapters, in the form of articles, have been developed. The first chapter sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of the environment on the development of the European Union Regions. The second focuses on the description of spatial distributions global and local index to regional development in Tunisia, as well as the impact of the change in the effect of the micro-enterprise on the index of development of the Tunisian regions (delegations).The last chapter explains the factors fostering an entrepreneurial environment to attract micro-enterprises in the (delegations) Tunisian regions primarily disadvantaged but are in a phase of development .Based on a sample composed of 246 regions of the European Union, the results of the first chapter announced that the entrepreneurial environment helps explain inequalities in development between the regions. This result reveals that promote entrepreneurship of opportunity in the face of the necessity entrepreneurship in the regions the least developed in the European Union is an obligation, particularly in countries of Central Europe and Eastern. The second chapter is aimed to consider the effect of the micro-enterprise on the development index of 262 Tunisian regions using an exploratory analysis of Geo-referenced data. The result shows, on the basis of a global spatial model, that the presence of the micro-enterprise or business in a region impacted positively the level of regional development and those of the neighboring regions. Conversely, for a local spatial model, we see, on the one hand that the impact of micro-enterprise weakens while approaching coastal areas (developed), and on the other hand the impact of the micro-enterprise is more important in the regions with low level of development compared to those with a favorable development. The results of the third chapter claim that entrepreneurship by necessity, a discouraging social context, corruption, low reliability of support structures and the imbalance between the academic training and supply of skilled jobs on the market are the major factors slowing down the survival of the micro-enterprise in under developed regions
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Archibald, Charles Mark. "Parametric spatial modal analysis of beams." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37278.
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Modal analysis is the experimental characterization of the dynanlical behavior of a structure. Recent advances in laser velocimetery have made available to the experimentalist a rich, new source of vibration data. Data can now be obtained from many different spatial locations on a structure. A method is presented to use this new data for the analysis of beams. Two approaches are investigated: minimum residual methods and boundary condition methods. The minimum residual approaches include autoregressive methods and non-linear least squares techniques. Significant contributions to sample rate considerations for parametric sinusoidal estimation resulted from this research. The minimum residual methods provide a good connection between the measured data and the fitted model. However, they do not yield a true modal decomposition of the spatial data. The boundary condition approach provides a complete modal model that is based on the spatial data and is completely compatible with classical beam theory. All theoretical constraints are included in the procedure. Monte Carlo investigations describe the statistical characteristics of the methods. Experiments using beams validate the methods presented. Advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed.Ph. D.
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Grubesic, Tony H. "A Spatial Analysis of Internet Accessibility." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu997995873.
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Ma, Kunlei. "Spatial Analysis of Chinese Air Transportation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1446546987.
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Grubesic, Tony H. "A spatial analysis of internal accessibility." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu997995873.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 234 p.; also contains graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Morton E. O'Kelly, Dept. of Geography. Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-234).
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Skog, Lars. "Spatial Analysis and Modeling for Health Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142835.
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Despite the benefits of applying methods of geographic information science (GIScience), the use of such methods in health service planning and provision remains greatly underutilized. Spread of epidemic diseases is a constant threat to mankind and the globalization of the world increases the risk for global attacks from multi-resistant bacteria or deadly virus strains. Therefore, research is needed to better understand how GIScience could be used in epidemiologic analyses and other health applications. This thesis is divided into two parts; one for epidemiologic analyses and one for neighbourhood studies. The overall objective of the epidemiologic part of this research is to understand more about the spatial spread of past pandemics and to find out if there are any common patterns. This overall objective is divided into four specific research objectives; 1) to describe the spatial spread of the Russian Influenza in Sweden, 2) to create models of propagation of the Black Death in Sweden, 3) to establish spatiotemporal characteristics common to past pandemics in Sweden and 4) to visualize the spatiotemporal occurrence of salmonella among animal herds in Sweden. This thesis also discusses some other aspects of health related to place. Are differences in neighbourhood deprivation related to the amount of presence of goods and services? Is the way cities are planned affecting the behaviour within the local population regarding spontaneous walking and physical activity? The specific research objectives for this part are to define how deprivation is related to presence of goods and services in Sweden and to create walkability indices over the city of Stockholm including a quality test of these indices. Case data reported by physicians were used for the epidemiologic studies. The pandemics discussed covered the entire world, but our data is from Sweden only and as regards the Black Death there was no case data at all. The data for the goods and services analyses are from all of Sweden, whereas the walkability indices are based on data from the city of Stockholm. Various methods have been used to clean, structure and geocode the data, including hand written reports on case data, maps of poor geometric quality, information from databases on climate, demography, diseases, goods and services, income data and more, to make this data feasible for spatial analysis, modeling and visualization. Network analysis was used to model food transports in the 14th century as well as walking in the city of Stockholm today. Proximity analysis was used to assess the spatio-temporal spread of the Russian Influenza. The impact of climatological factors on the propagation of the Asian Influenza was analyzed and geographically weighted mean (GWM) calculations were used to discover common characteristics in the spatio-temporal spread of three past pandemics. Among the results generated in the epidemiologic study the following should be noted in particular; the local peaking periods of the Asian Influenza were preceded by falling temperature, the total peaking period for the three pandemics (Russian, Asian and A(H1N1)pdm09) was approximately 10 weeks and their weekly GWM followed a path from southwest to northeast (opposite direction for the A(H1N1)pdm09). From the neighborhood studies one can note that compared to the results measured and reported by tested individuals there is a positive (small but significant) association between neighborhood walkability and physical activity outcomes. The main contribution of this work is that it gives epidemiologists and public health specialists new ideas, not only on how to formulate, model, analyze and visualize different health related research questions but also ideas on how new procedures could be implemented in their daily work. Once the data reporting is organized in a suitable manner there is a multitude of options on how to present important and critical information to officials and policy makers.QC 20140313
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Johansson, Erik, and Christoffer Gåhlin. "Crime hotspots: An evaluation of the KDE spatial mapping technique : Spatial analysis." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-678.
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Context Crime rates are increasing more and more, especially residential burglaries. This thesis includes a study of the Kernel Density Estimation algorithm, and how to use this algorithm for mapping crime patterns based on geographical data. By visualizing patterns as spatial hotspots, law-enforcements can get a better understanding of how criminals think and act. Objectives The thesis focuses on two experiments, including measuring the accuracy and performance of the KDE algorithm, as well as the analysis of the amount of crime data needed to compute accurate and reliable results. Methods A Prediction Accuracy Index is used to effectively measure the accuracy of the algorithm. The development of a Python test program, which is used for extracting and evaluating the results is also included in the study. Results The data from three geographical areas in Sweden, including Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmoe are analyzed and evaluated over a time period of one year. Conclusions The study conclude that the usage of the KDE algorithm to map residential burglaries performs well overall when having access to enough crimes. The minimum number of crimes for creating a trustworthy hotspot are presented in the result and conclusion chapters. The results further shows that KDE performs well in terms of execution time and scalability. Finally the study concludes that the amount of data that was available for the study was not enough for producing highly reliable hotspots.
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Fischer, Manfred M., and Henk J. Scholten. "Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Data Analysis and Spatial Modelling. - Problems and Possibilities -." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1994. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4194/1/WSG_DP_3794.pdf.
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This article is the position paper for the ESF-GISDATA Specialist Meeting on GIS &
Spatial Analysis, Amsterdam, 1-5December1993. The focus here is on the two major
themes of the meeting: Spatial Data Analysis and Spatial Modelling. Special emphasis
is laid on specific problems and possibilities for interfacing spatial analysis tools (i.e.
spatial data analysis techniques and spatial models) and GIS. Both GIS application
fields, the environmental sciences and the social sciences, are taken into
consideration. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Yiu, Man-lung. "Advanced query processing on spatial networks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36279365.
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Yiu, Man-lung, and 姚文龍. "Advanced query processing on spatial networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36279365.
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Slack, Marc G. "Spatial and temporal path planning." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020255/.
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Pereira, Sandra M. C. "Analysis of spatial point patterns using hierarchical clustering algorithms." University of Western Australia. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0056.
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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the abstract for an accurate reproduction.] This thesis is a new proposal for analysing spatial point patterns in spatial statistics using the outputs of popular techniques of (classical, non-spatial, multivariate) cluster analysis. The outputs of a chosen hierarchical algorithm, named fusion distances, are applied to investigate important spatial characteristics of a given point pattern. The fusion distances may be regarded as a missing link between the fields of spatial statistics and multivariate cluster analysis. Up to now, these two fields have remained rather separate because of fundamental differences in approach. It is shown that fusion distances are very good at discriminating different types of spatial point patterns. A detailed study on the power of the Monte Carlo test under the null hypothesis of Complete Spatial Randomness (the benchmark of spatial statistics) against chosen alternative models is also conducted. For instance, the test (based on the fusion distance) is very powerful for some arbitrary values of the parameters of the alternative. A new general approach is developed for analysing a given point pattern using several graphical techniques for exploratory data analysis and inference. The new strategy is applied to univariate and multivariate point patterns. A new extension of a popular strategy in spatial statistics, named the analysis of the local configuration, is also developed. This new extension uses the fusion distances, and analyses a localised neighbourhood of a given point of the point pattern. New spatial summary function and statistics, named the fusion distance function H(t), area statistic A, statistic S, and spatial Rg index, are introduced, and proven to be useful tools for identifying relevant features of spatial point patterns. In conclusion, the new methodology using the outputs of hierarchical clustering algorithms can be considered as an essential complement to the existing approaches in spatial statistics literature.
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Ngwa, Gideon Akumah. "The analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal patterns in models for morphogenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334873.
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Jabeen, Farhana. "Distributed spatial analysis in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/distributed-spatial-analysis-in-wireless-sensor-networks(f8a1f71a-81b0-4dc7-b520-b90a2393a61e).html.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) allow us to instrument the physical world in novel ways, providing detailed insight that has not been possible hitherto. Since WSNs provide an interface to the physical world, each sensor node has a location in physical space, thereby enabling us to associate spatial properties with data. Since WSNs can perform periodic sensing tasks, we can also associate temporal markers with data. In the environmental sciences, in particular, WSNs are on the way to becoming an important tool for the modelling of spatially and temporally extended physical phenomena. However, support for high-level and expressive spatial-analytic tasks that can be executed inside WSNs is still incipient. By spatial analysis we mean the ability to explore relationships between spatially-referenced entities (e.g., a vineyard, or a weather front) and to derive representations grounded on such relationships (e.g., the geometrical extent of that part of a vineyard that is covered by mist as the intersection of the geometries that characterize the vineyard and the weather front, respectively). The motivation for this endeavour stems primarily from applications where important decisions hinge on the detection of an event of interest (e.g., the presence, and spatio-temporal progression, of mist over a cultivated field may trigger a particular action) that can be characterized by an event-defining predicate (e.g., humidity greater than 98 and temperature less than 10). At present, in-network spatial analysis in WSN is not catered for by a comprehensive, expressive, well-founded framework. While there has been work on WSN event boundary detection and, in particular, on detecting topological change of WSN-represented spatial entities, this work has tended to be comparatively narrow in scope and aims. The contributions made in this research are constrained to WSNs where every node is tethered to one location in physical space. The research contributions reported here include (a) the definition of a framework for representing geometries; (b) the detailed characterization of an algebra of spatial operators closely inspired, in its scope and structure, by the Schneider-Guting ROSE algebra (i.e., one that is based on a discrete underlying geometry) over the geometries representable by the framework above; (c) distributed in-network algorithms for the operations in the spatial algebra over the representable geometries, thereby enabling (i) new geometries to be derived from induced and asserted ones, and (ii)topological relationships between geometries to be identified; (d) an algorithmic strategy for the evaluation of complex algebraic expressions that is divided into logically-cohesive components; (e) the development of a task processing system that each node is equipped with, thereby with allowing users to evaluate tasks on nodes; and (f) an empirical performance study of the resulting system.
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Levin-Nielsen, Abraham Michael. "SPATIAL PRIORITIZATION FOR INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/6.
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Invasive exotic plant species have been recognized as serious threats to ecosystems. Extensive research on invasive exotic plant species has primarily focused on the impacts, characteristics, and potential treatments. Decision tools and management models that incorporate these findings often lack input from managers and have limited use in differing invasion scenarios. Therefore, in this study, I created a scientifically-driven framework that incorporates expert input to prioritize watersheds for management within the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky. The widely distributed invasive exotic plant Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) was used as an example species. The framework is built around the Analytic Hierarchy Process and highlights areas in most need of invasive exotic plant management by incorporating weighted landscape variables associated with the invasion process. Results of the prioritization provide useful information for natural resource managers by aiding in the development of control strategies while also creating a valuable framework that can be adapted to various invasive exotic plant species.
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Fanning, Jasper E. "A spatial hedonic analysis of veterinarian incomes /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Rukeyser, Alison Smiley. "A semantic analysis of Yup'ik spatial deixis /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Zhao, Xi. "Spatial relationship based scene analysis and synthesis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15855.
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In this thesis, we propose a new representation, which we name Interaction Bisector Surface (IBS), that can describe the general nature of spatial relationship. We show that the IBS can be applied in 3D scene analysis, retrieval and synthesis. Despite the fact that the spatial relationship between different objects plays a significant role in describing the context, few works have focused on elaborating a representation that can describe arbitrary interactions between different objects. Previous methods simply concatenate the individual state vectors to produce a joint space, or only use simple representations such as relative vectors or contacts to describe the context. Such representations do not contain detailed information of spatial relationships. They cannot describe complex interactions such as hooking and enclosure. The IBS is a data structure with rich information about the interaction. It provides the topological, geometric and correspondence features that can be used to classify and recognize interactions. The topological features are at the most abstract level and it can be used to recognize spatial relationships such as enclosure, hooking and surrounding. The geometric features encode the fine details of interactions. The correspondence feature describes which parts of the scene elements contribute to the interaction and is especially useful for recognizing character-object interactions. We show examples of successful classification and retrieval of different types of data including indoor static scenes and dynamic scenes which contain character-object interactions. We also conduct an exhaustive comparison which shows that our method outperforms existing approaches. We also propose a novel approach to automatically synthesizing new interactions from example scenes and new objects. Given an example scene composed of two objects, the open space between the objects is abstracted by the IBS. Then, an translation, rotation and scale equivariant feature called shape coverage feature, which encodes how the point in the open space is surrounded by the environment, is computed near the IBS and around the open space of the new objects. Finally, a novel scene is synthesized by conducting a partial matching of the open space around the new objects with the IBS. Using our approach, new scenes can be automatically synthesized from example scenes and new objects without relying on label information, which is especially useful when the data of scenes and objects come from multiple sources.
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Davies, Helen Catherine. "Bovine TB in badgers : a spatial analysis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289778.
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Gogel, Beverley J. "Spatial analysis of multi-environment variety trials /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg613.pdf.
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Jean, Yves Darly. "Accelerated volume rendering via spatial/spectral analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12891.
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Luna, Ronaldo. "Liquefaction evaluation using a spatial analysis system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19413.
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Maimon, Geva. "A Bayesian spatial analysis of glass data /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82284.
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In criminal investigations involving glass evidence, refractive index (RI) is the property of glass most commonly used by forensic examiners to determine the association between control samples of glass obtained at the crime scene, and samples of glass found on a suspect. Previous studies have shown that an intrinsic variability of RI exists within a pane of float glass. In this thesis, we attempt to determine whether this variability is spatially determined or random in nature, the conclusion of which plays an important role in the statistical interpretation of glass evidence. We take a Bayesian approach in fitting a spatial model to our data, and utilize the WinBUGS software to perform Gibbs sampling. To test for spatial variability, we propose two test quantities, and employ Bayesian Monte Carlo significance tests to test our data, as well as nine other specifically formulated data-sets.
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Chorley, N. "Spatial and temporal analysis of sunspot oscillations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47200/.
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Sunspots are the most conspicuous feature seen on the solar photosphere and are manifestations of the solar magnetic field. Their study, then, may provide us with a greater understanding of the dynamo mechanism thought to be responsible for the generation of this field. In this thesis, the oscillations of sunspots are studied by making use of observational data from two instruments: the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board the Hinode spacecraft. First, a study of long period oscillations was undertaken in which two long period peaks (P > 10 min) were identified in the power spectra of time series generated from sets of images of 3 sunspots observed with NoRH. In addition, by using the techniques of period, power, correlation and lag mapping, it was found that the power in each of these peaks was concentrated over the umbral regions and that there were two regions of approximately equal size oscillating in anti-phase with each other. It was suggested that these properties could be signatures of a "shallow" sunspot. A follow-up study was then performed, in which the lifetimes of the long period oscillations were investigated over a period of 9 days. These oscillations were seen to dominate the spectra during this interval and the periods and amplitudes were stable during that time. A simple model of a damped, driven simple harmonic oscillator (in which the driving term was nonlinear) was proposed to explain the generation and support of the oscillations. Finally, a study of the spatial properties of the 3 minute oscillations was performed by applying the mapping techniques mentioned above to Hinode/SOT data. The distributions of power and lag of maximum correlation coefficient were found to be non-uniform over the sunspots under study and this may be indicative of inhomogeneities of the physical quantities in the structures.
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Arampamoorthy, Haran. "Analysis of spatial distributions of road accidents." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4832.
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Traffic accidents result in life and financial loss to the society. In
developing countries traffic fatalities are comparable to other leading
causes of death. The need for the analysis of the spatial distribution of
traffic accidents, as an aid to select the most appropriate type of
accident reduction programme (e.g. site, route and area plans) and
assessing the effectiveness of such plans after implementation, is very
important. The current practice (e.g. visual examination) for assessing
the spatial distribution of accidents is reviewed. In this thesis, various
methods for the statistical analysis of spatial distributions of accidents
(including quadrat and nearest - neighbour methods) are reviewed and
further improvements are described.
Accidents are random events subject to both temporal and spatial
variation. The basic variables for accident analysis are; distance and
direction of accident locations in terms of North and East co-ordinates,
azimuth, and the year of the accident. A new method for analysing the
spatial pattern is proposed, whereby detection of a particular pattern
will indicate which type of accident reduction programme is most
appropriate. The method distinguishes the spatial distribution (point
cluster, line cluster, area cluster or a completely spatially random
distribution) of accidents in different types of road networks (regular or
irregular and dense or sparse). The method can also help assessment of
the changes in spatial distributions of accidents.
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Fischer, Manfred M. "From Conventional to Cl-Based Spatial Analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1996. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4159/1/WSG_DP_5696.pdf.
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薛翠 and Tsui Sit. "A spatial analysis of Zhang Yuan's films." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221622.
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Wilson, Helen Elizabeth. "Statistical analysis of replicated spatial point patterns." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268009.
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The field of pathology provides us with many opportunities for collecting replicated spatial data. Using an ordinary microscope, for example, we can digitise cell positions within windows imposed on pieces of tissue. Suppose now that we have some such replicated spatial data from several groups of individuals, where each point in each window represents a cell position. We seek to determine whether the spatial arrangement of cells differs between the groups. We propose and develop a new method which allows us to answer such questions, and apply it to some spatial neuro-anatomical data. We introduce point process theory, and extend the existing second order methods to deal with replicated spatial data. We conclude the first part of the thesis by defining Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (S.LD.S.) and Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation (LU.G.R.), and stating why these conditions are neuro-anato,mically interesting. We develop and validate a method for comparing groups of spatial data, which is motivated by analysis of variance, and uses a Monte Carlo procedure to attach significance to between-group differences. Having carried out our initial investigative work looking exclusively at the one-way set up, we extend the new methods to cope with two and higher way set ups, and again carry out some validation. We turn our attention to practical issues which arise in the collection of spatial neuroanatomical data. How, for example, should we collect the data to ensure the unbiasedness of any inference we may draw from it? We introduce the field of stereology which facilitates the unbiased sampling of tissue. We note a recent proposal to assess spatial distribution of cells using a stereological approach, and compare it with an existing second order method. We also note the level of structural heterogeneity within the brain, and consider the best way to design a sampling protocol. We conclude with a spatial analysis of cell position data, collected using our specified design, from normal birth-weight non S.LD.S., normal birth-weight S.I.D.S and low birth-weight S.LD.S cases.
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McKinley, Trevelyan John. "Spatial survival analysis of infectious animal diseases." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/27033.
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This thesis investigates the feasibility of using spatial survival modelling techniques to develop dynamic space-time predictive models of risk for infectious animal disease epidemics. Examples of diseases with potentially vast socioeconomic impacts include avian influenza, bovine tuberculosis and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), all of which have received wide coverage in the recent media. The relatively sporadic occurrence of such large scale animal disease outbreaks makes determination of optimal control policies difficult, and policy makers must balance the relative impacts of different response strategies based on little prior information. It is in this situation that the use of mathematical and statistical modelling techniques can provide powerful insights into the future course of an infectious epidemic. The motivating example for this thesis is the outbreak of FMD in Devon in 2001, however we are interested in developing more general techniques that can be applied to other animal diseases. Many of the models fitted to the 2001 UK FMD data set have focussed on modelling the global spread of the disease across the entire country and then using these models to assess the effects of nationwide response strategies. However it has been shown that the dynamics of the disease are not uniform across the whole of the UK and can vary significantly across different spatial regions. Of interest here is exploring whether modelling at a smaller spatial scale can provide more useful measures of risk and guide the development of more efficient control policies. We begin by introducing some of the main epidemiological issues and concepts involved in modelling infectious animal diseases, from the microscopic through to the farm population level. We then discuss the various mathematical modelling techniques that have applied previously and how they relate to various biological principals discussed in the earlier chapters. We then highlight some limitations with these approaches and offer potential ways in which survival analysis techniques could be used to overcome some of these problems. To this end we formulate a spatial survival model and fit it to the Devon data set with some naive initial covariates that fail to capture the dynamics of the disease. Some work by colleagues at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge (Arnold 2005), produced estimates of viral excretion rates for infected herds of different species type over time, and these form the basis for the development of a dynamic space-time varying viral load covariate that quantifies the viral load acting at any spatial location at any point in time. The novel use of this covariate as a means of censoring the data set via exposure is then introduced, though the models still fail to explain the variation in the epidemic process. Two potential reasons for this are identified - the possible presence of non-localised infections and/or premise varying susceptibility. We then explore ways in which the survival approach can be extended to model more than one epidemic process through the use of mixture and long-term survivor models. Some simple simulations suggest that resistance to infection is the most likely cause of the poor model fits, and a series of more complex simulation experiments show that both the mixture and long-term survivor models offer various advantages over the conventional approach when resistance is present in the data set. However key to their performance is the ability to correctly capture the mixing, although in the worst case scenario they still replicate the results from the conventional model. We also use these simulations to explore potential ways in which space-time predictions of the hazard of infection can be used as a means of targeting control policies to areas of ‘high-risk’ of infection. This shows the importance of ensuring that the scale of the control order matches the scale of the epidemic, and suggests possible dangers when using global level models to derive response strategies for situations where the dynamics of the disease change at smaller spatial scales. Finally we apply these techniques to the Devon data set and offer some conclusions and future work.
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Harris, Fiona. "A socio-spatial analysis of teenage motherhood." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312649.
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Nardini, Marko. "Components of spatial memory : a developmental analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430126.
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Doguwa, S. I. "Statistical analysis of mapped spatial point patterns." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383379.
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