Journal articles: 'Spatial analyse'

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Élie, Daniel. "Analyse spatiale et criminologie." Criminologie 27, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017345ar.

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This article addresses the spatial analysis of crime. Following a brief historical overview, the author discusses major conceptual and methodological issues relating to the study of space and crime. Emphasis is placed on the description of spatial statistical tools (i.e. spatial mean, standard distance, turbulence...) and on the problem of spatial autocorrection. Two maps are presented and discussed.

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Novella, Fabien, Yan Pailhas, Gilles Le Chenadec, and Isabelle Quidu. "Low frequency synthetic aperture sonar: Spatial coherence analyse." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147076.

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Chen, Shizhe, Jianrong Pan, Zhan Wang, and Chao Zhou. "Rotation Stiffness Investigation of Spatial Joints with End-Plate Connection." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8131052.

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Spatial joints with end-plate connections show significant spatial coupling effects under spatial loading. Mechanical behaviour and failure modes of these spatial joints differ from those of planar joints. This study involved experiments and finite element analyses with respect to planar joints with end-plate connections under static load. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, and this verified the adequacy of the finite element analyses. Then, finite element models of the spatial interior joint, exterior joint, and corner joint were established to analyse the difference between the mechanical behaviour of spatial joints and planar joints. The component method was used to analyse components contributing to the initial stiffness of spatial joints. An initial rotation stiffness calculation model of spatial joints was proposed based on the deformation of joints. The findings indicated that results of the calculation models were in good agreement with those of the finite element analyses, and this proved that the calculation model proposed in this study could act as a reference method.

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Meetiyagoda, Lakshika. "A Non-Accident-Based Spatial Method to Analyse Pedestrian-Vehicular Conflict." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n2.341.

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Due to the tremendous increase in automobile transportation and heavy pedestrian movements in developing countries, roads are becoming deadlier year by year. It is acknowledged that context specific research on pedestrian-vehicular conflict are urgently needed considering the built environment characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) redefine pedestrian-vehicular conflict that would enable to explain micro- and macro-built environment-related variables in a particular context, and (2) develop a methodology that could be used in a place where comprehensive data are limitedly available for a spatial analysis. This research redefines pedestrian-vehicular conflict as “the pedestrian contact with potentially harmful vehicular traffic”, rather than accidents. Based on this definition devise a methodology. The primary data collection method adopted to collect causal factors related to spatial data was, photographs. The spatial data were analysed by using QGIS platform. The pedestrian volume models are constructed by a space syntax framework and correlated with a composite choropleth map to get the potential conflicting points. A perception survey was carried out to confirm the spatial analysis. The research findings indicate that the methodology developed can be used to identify built environment factors related risk areas spatially. Consequently, it is possible to fill the research gap by introducing a low-cost, widely applicable, impartial, spatial and perception-based methodology that assesses the built environmental characteristics in relation to pedestrian-vehicular conflict. This research would support the urban planners and designers, allowing them to comprehend the risk related nature of pedestrian-vehicular conflict in their urban planning schemes before intervening with plans and designs

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Lundberg, Johan. "Using spatial econometrics to analyse local growth in Sweden." Regional Studies 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400600631566.

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Kurowska, Krystyna, Ewa Kietlinska, and Hubert Kryszk. "Possibilities Use to Selected Methods of Spatial Data Mining in Demographic Data Analytics." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.018.

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The main purpose of data mining in private and public sector institutions is to process and analyse data with the aim of generating reliable information for decision-making. Decision-making performance is determined by the availability of the relevant data and the user’s ability to adapt that data for analytical purposes. The popularity of spatial statistical tools is on the rise owing to the complexity of the analysed factors, their variation over time and their correlations with the spatial structure. Popular models should be applied in demographic analyses for the needs of the spatial planning process. The availability of high-resolution data and accurate analytical tools enhances the value of spatial analyses, and the described models can be universally applied to support the decision-making process. The aim of this study was to present the applicability of selected spatial statistical models for analysing demographic data in the planning process and to identify the main advantages of these models.

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Growe, Anna. "Buzz at workplaces in knowledge-intensive service production: Spatial settings of temporary spatial proximity." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418784999.

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The objective of this paper is to understand temporary spatial proximity beyond temporary clusters, and to analyse rationales for the use of various spatial settings for temporary spatial proximity in the work processes of knowledge-intensive services. To contrast different types of temporary spatial proximity two basic types, ‘Meet and Mingle’ and ‘Move and Manage’, are identified. On the basis of qualitative interviews in knowledge-intensive sectors in six German cities, the distinct use of three types of spatial settings (workplaces, transit places and retreat places) to create the targeted temporary spatial proximity type of ‘Move and Manage’ is analysed. The paper discusses how such settings contribute to creating a specific atmosphere to support the work processes of knowledge-intensive services.

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Strelnikova, Dariia, Thomas Schneider, and Michael Leitner. "Utilizing Spatial Video to Analyse Roadside Advertisements in Villach, Austria." GI_Forum 1 (2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2018_01_s34.

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SOCZÓWKA, Piotr. "METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL UNITS FOR TRANSIT-RELATED ANALYSE." Transport Problems 16, no. 3 (2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/tp-2021-038.

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McCord, Michael James, John McCord, Peadar Thomas Davis, Martin Haran, and Paul Bidanset. "House price estimation using an eigenvector spatial filtering approach." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-09-2019-0097.

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Purpose Numerous geo-statistical methods have been developed to analyse the spatial dimension and composition of house prices. Despite these advances, spatial filtering remains an under-researched approach within house price studies. This paper aims to examine the spatial distribution of house prices using an eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) procedure, to analyse the local variation and spatial heterogeneity. Design/methodology/approach Using 2,664 sale transactions over the one year period Q3 2017 to Q3 2018, an eigenvector spatial filtering approach is applied to evaluate spatial patterns within the Belfast housing market. This method consists of using geographical coordinates to specify eigenvectors across geographic distance to determine a set of spatial filters. These convey spatial structures representative of different spatial scales and units. The filters are incorporated as predictors into regression analyses to alleviate spatial autocorrelation. This approach is intuitive, given that detection of autocorrelation in specific filters and within the regression residuals can be markers for exclusion or inclusion criteria. Findings The findings show both robust and effective estimator consistency and limited spatial dependency – culminating in accurately specified hedonic pricing models. The findings show that the spatial component alone explains 14.6 per cent of the variation in property value, whereas 77.6 per cent of the variation could be attributed to an interaction between the structural characteristics and the local market geography expressed by the filters. This methodological step reduced short-scale spatial dependency and residual autocorrelation resulting in increased model stability and reduced misspecification error. Originality/value Eigenvector-based spatial filtering is a less known but suitable statistical protocol that can be used to analyse house price patterns taking into account spatial autocorrelation at varying (different) spatial scales. This approach arguably provides a more insightful analysis of house prices by removing spatial autocorrelation both objectively and subjectively to produce reliable, yet understandable, regression models, which do not suffer from traditional challenges of serial dependence or spatial mis-specification. This approach offers property researchers and policymakers an intuitive but comprehensible approach for producing accurate price estimation models, which can be readily interpreted.

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Bolancé, Catalina, Carlos Alberto Acuña, and Salvador Torra. "Non-Normal Market Losses and Spatial Dependence Using Uncertainty Indices." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081317.

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We analyse spatial dependence between the risks of stock markets. An alternative definition of neighbour is used and is based on a proposed exogenous criterion obtained with a dynamic Google Trends Uncertainty Index (GTUI) designed specifically for this analysis. We show the impact of systemic risk on spatial dependence related to the most significant financial crises from 2005: the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the European debt crisis, Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic, which also affected the financial markets. The risks are measured using the monthly variance or volatility and the monthly Value-at-Risk (VaR) of the filtered losses associated with the analysed indices. Given that the analysed risk measures follow non-normal distributions and the number of neighbours changes over time, we carry out a simulation study to check how these characteristics affect the results of global and local inference using Moran’s I statistic. Lastly, we analyse the global spatial dependence between the risks of 46 stock markets and we study the local spatial dependence for 10 benchmark stock markets worldwide.

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Richter, M. "Can you feel the difference? Emotions as an analytical lens." Geographica Helvetica 70, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-70-141-2015.

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Abstract. Against the background of emotional geographies, I analyse negotiations of belonging and experiences of difference. Emotions serve as the analytical lens through which these negotiations and experiences are analysed. Based on this notion, I will analyse migrants' accounts with respect to their emotional qualities and spatial articulations. In particular, I will focus on emotional accounts, such as childhood stories and other biographical stories, which are spatially situated. The emotional focus serves thereby as a lens to capture migrants' identification with the social norms and values inscribed and mediated through these spaces. These emotional accounts help us to understand complex stories about social positioning along different axes of difference, complex ways of identification, and resistance to social role models.

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Araújo, Veneziano de Castro, and Renato Garcia. "Determinants and spatial dependence of innovation in Brazilian regions: evidence from a Spatial Tobit Model." Nova Economia 29, no. 2 (August 2019): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/4456.

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Abstract This paper analyses the spatial patterns and spatial interdependencies of innovation and the role that local determinants of innovation play in Brazilian micro-regions. Specifically, it evaluates how local firms’ R&D, regional academic research, agglomeration level and local industrial specialization or diversification affect regional innovation. To analyse these factors, an empirical model based on the Knowledge Production Function (KPF) is estimated using a Spatial Autoregressive Tobit (SAR-Tobit) with Brazilian patent data. The results indicate that higher levels of regional industrial R&D imply greater innovation and that greater university research at a regional level positively impacts industrial innovation. Moreover, agglomerated and diverse regions present better innovative performance. Regarding spatial dynamics, the proximity of the most innovative microregions positively affects local innovation, which shows the existence of interregional knowledge spillovers that are associated with innovative activities.

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Zhao, J.-S., F. Chu, Z.-J. Feng, and J. S. Dai. "Actuation schemes of a spatial 3-PPRR parallel mechanism." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 1 (September 23, 2011): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211412683.

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This paper presents a systematic method to analyse actuation schemes. With the wide application of complex spatial mechanisms in engineering the number of excess constraints included in a mechanism is increasing. As a result, there are an increasing number of cases in which the number of actuators needed to control an end-effector is larger than the number of degrees of freedom possessed by the end-effector. The mechanism architecture is first presented and then the mobility of the mechanism is analysed in terms of independent parameters in position constraint equations. Finally, the possible and feasible actuation schemes for the end-effector are generated and analysed.

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Tamás, János, István Buzás, and Ildikó Nagy. "Spatially Discrete GIS Analysis of Sampling Points Based on Yield and Quality Analysis of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 19 (March 4, 2006): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/19/3144.

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Fulfilment of the increasing quality requirements of sugar beet production can be analysed with sampling of plants and soil at the cultivated area. Analyses of the spatial characteristics of samples require exact geodetic positioning. This is applied in practice using GPS in precision agriculture. The examinations were made in a sample area located in north-western Hungary with sugar beet test plant. According to the traditional sample taking procedure N=60 samples were taken in regular 20 x 20 m grid, where besides the plant micro and macro elements, the sugar industrial quality parameters (Equations 1-2) and the agro-chemical parameters of soils were analysed. Till now, to gain values of mean, weighted mean and standard variance values, geometric analogues used in geography were adapted, which correspond to the mean centre (Equation 3), the spatially weighted mean centre (Equation 4), the standard distance (Equation 5), and the standard distance circle values. Robust spatial statistical values provide abstractions, which can be visually estimated immediately, and applied to analyse several parameters in parallel or in time series (Figure 1). This interpretation technique considers the spatial position of each point to another individually (distance and direction), and the value of the plant and soil parameters. Mapping the sample area in GIS environment, the coordinates of the spatially weighted mean centre values of the measured plant and soil parameters correlated to the mean centre values showed a northwest direction. Exceptions were the total salt and calcium-carbonate contents, and the molybdenum concentration of the soil samples (Table 1). As a new visual analysis, the spatially weighted mean centre values of the parameters as eigenvectors were projected to the mean centre values as origin. To characterize the production yield, the raw and digested sugar contents of the sample area, the absolute rotation angles of the generated vectors were determined, which indicate numerically the inhomogenity of the area (Figure 2). The generated spatial analogues are applicable to characterise visually and quantitatively the spatial positions of sampling points and the measured parameters in a quick way. However, their disadvantage is that they do not provide information on the tightness and direction of the spatial correlation similarly to the original statistical parameters.

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Kołodziejczak, Anna, and Tomasz Kossowski. "Using the spatial autocorrelation method to analyse poverty in rural areas." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 10 (October 28, 2016): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1107.

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The aim of the article is to present the method of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) to determine the degree of concentration, i.e. local spatial relationships of poverty incidence in rural areas. Indicators concerning people living below the income criteria and benefiting from social assistance between 2009 and 2013 have been taken into account for the analysis on the basis of GUS publication Economic poverty in Poland. Such a criterion is defined as the statutory threshold of poverty, but the measure does not fully reflect the scale of this phenomenon. No annual indexation of the thresholds of poverty causes a decrease in the concentration of this phenomenon in rural areas, and increase the income threshold criterion contributes to the range of incidence of poverty.

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Bimonte, Sandro, Kamal Boulil, Marilys Pradel, Géralidine André, and Jean-Pierre Chanet. "Analyse des indicateurs énergétiques des entreprises agricoles. Une approche Spatial OLAP." Revue internationale de géomatique 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.24.37-65.

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Miggelbrink, Judith, and Frank Meyer. "Spuren medialer räumlicher Repräsentationen in den Wahrnehmungen von Subjekten – Ansatzpunkte zur Analyse." Geographische Zeitschrift 103, no. 4 (2015): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/gz-2015-0021.

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Mishra, Ankit. "The Process of Informal Spatial Planning: A Literature Overview." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2019-0013.

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Abstract For years now, spatial planners have played a vital role in managing and balancing the different interests of a wide range of stakeholders in a specific region. With the help of formal and informal instruments, the design of spatial plans is created, but sometimes there are either flaws or gaps in the plans by which the stakeholders would have benefitted. It is important to witness the changes being made in the pattern of planning and analyse the suggestions being made by the intellectual involved. In this article, existing scientific literature has been reviewed, as well as dynamic and comparative analysis and synthesis techniques have mainly been employed for the study. The aim of this article is to study the spatial planning practices in Europe and analyse the governance in spatial planning, which as a result shows different planning modes. With the help of literature, formulating the characteristics of informal planning is an eccentric part of this analysis to understand the direction of development in formal institutions. Test planning process is analysed using the ten characteristics of informal formal planning. From the best practice perspective, decision making in spatial planning must be decentralised, and the tools of spatial planning must be less binding, which has been broadly practiced in Switzerland. The outcome of the research will help avoid floccinaucinihilipilification in spatial planning.

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ROSDI KIRA, LESLEY MAURICE BILUNG, ROMANO NGUI, KASING APUN, and LELA SU’UT. "Spatial and Temporal Disparities of Leptospirosis Transmission in Sarawak (Malaysia), 2011-2018." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4456.2022.

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This study is to analyse the spatial distribution of leptospirosis and identify its high and low incidence clusters in Sarawak. The annual incidence rate at the district level was calculated using confirmed report of leptospirosis cases from year 2011 to 2018. Empirical Bayes estimation smoothing of relative risks was used to display the spatial distribution of leptospirosis across the study region. Moran's Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to analyse the existence of global and local spatial autocorrelation. Data were analysed using ArcGIS and Geoda software at the district level. The annualised average incidence reported during the study period was 20.83 per 100,000 population, with the highest cases reported in year 2018 (n = 870). The Global Moran's Index revealed spatial clustering of leptospirosis incidence in 2012 (Moran's I: 0.23), 2013 (Moran's I: 0.33), and 2014 (Moran's I: 0.45), while 2011 (Moran's I: -0.01), 2015 and 2016 (Moran's I: 0.09), 2017 (Moran's I: 0.13), and 2018 (Moran's I: 0.04) showed random patterns. High incidence clusters of leptospirosis were primarily congested in the Southeast of Sarawak, involving districts such as Kapit, Belaga, Song, Tatau and Lubok Antu. Spatial and temporal patterns of leptospirosis incidence were heterogeneous across Sarawak. This study facilitates the implementation of targeted interventions and control measures for leptospirosis in Sarawak by identifying spatial cluster and outliers.

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Genton, Marc G., David T. Butry, Marcia L. Gumpertz, and Jeffrey P. Prestemon. "Spatio-temporal analysis of wildfire ignitions in the St Johns River Water Management District, Florida." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 1 (2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04034.

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We analyse the spatio-temporal structure of wildfire ignitions in the St Johns River Water Management District in north-eastern Florida. We show, using tools to analyse point patterns (e.g. the L-function), that wildfire events occur in clusters. Clustering of these events correlates with irregular distribution of fire ignitions, including lightning and human sources, and fuels on the landscape. In addition, we define a relative clustering index that summarizes the amount of clustering over various spatial scales. We carry our analysis in three steps: purely temporal, purely spatial, and spatio-temporal. Our results show that arson and lightning are the leading causes of wildfires in this region and that ignitions by railroad, lightning, and arson are spatially more clustered than ignitions by other accidental causes.

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de Lavenne, Alban, Guillaume Thirel, Vazken Andréassian, Charles Perrin, and Maria-Helena Ramos. "Spatial variability of the parameters of a semi-distributed hydrological model." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 373 (May 12, 2016): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-373-87-2016.

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Abstract. Ideally, semi-distributed hydrologic models should provide better streamflow simulations than lumped models, along with spatially-relevant water resources management solutions. However, the spatial distribution of model parameters raises issues related to the calibration strategy and to the identifiability of the parameters. To analyse these issues, we propose to base the evaluation of a semi-distributed model not only on its performance at streamflow gauging stations, but also on the spatial and temporal pattern of the optimised value of its parameters. We implemented calibration over 21 rolling periods and 64 catchments, and we analysed how well each parameter is identified in time and space. Performance and parameter identifiability are analysed comparatively to the calibration of the lumped version of the same model. We show that the semi-distributed model faces more difficulties to identify stable optimal parameter sets. The main difficulty lies in the identification of the parameters responsible for the closure of the water balance (i.e. for the particular model investigated, the intercatchment groundwater flow parameter).

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Voisin, Marion, Jean Dubé, Marius Thériault, and François Des Rosiers. "Les découpages administratifs sont-ils pertinents en analyse immobilière?" Cahiers de géographie du Québec 54, no. 152 (February 18, 2011): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045646ar.

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Résumé La ville de Québec offre une mosaïque d’espaces de vie qui correspondent à autant de sous-marchés résidentiels. Quatre cent ans d’histoire ont produit une agglomération diversifiée, depuis sa fondation en 1608. Toutefois, on peut remettre en question la pertinence des découpages administratifs pour réaliser des études urbaines. S’il n’y a pas de découpage spatial idéal, des approches permettent néanmoins de délimiter des ensembles géographiques relativement homogènes, eu égard à une problématique donnée. Cet article présente une segmentation spatiale du territoire, basée sur des critères historiques, sociologiques et morphologiques, comme alternative aux partitions administratives pour réaliser des études du marché résidentiel. Des analyses discriminantes ont permis de comparer la performance de trois découpages : celui proposé – l’historico-morphologique (HM) et deux administratifs, celui avant et celui après les fusions municipales. L’étude porte sur le marché unifamilial de Québec et utilise des données multidimensionnelles. Enfin, les trois découpages sont intégrés dans des modèles de prix hédoniques afin de tester leur pertinence pour mesurer les variations des prix implicites. Les résultats suggèrent que la partition HM est plus efficace que les découpages administratifs, tout en étant perfectible.

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Lion, S., and S. Gandon. "Spatial evolutionary epidemiology of spreading epidemics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1841 (October 26, 2016): 20161170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1170.

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Most spatial models of host–parasite interactions either neglect the possibility of pathogen evolution or consider that this process is slow enough for epidemiological dynamics to reach an equilibrium on a fast timescale. Here, we propose a novel approach to jointly model the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured host and pathogen populations. Starting from a multi-strain epidemiological model, we use a combination of spatial moment equations and quantitative genetics to analyse the dynamics of mean transmission and virulence in the population. A key insight of our approach is that, even in the absence of long-term evolutionary consequences, spatial structure can affect the short-term evolution of pathogens because of the build-up of spatial differentiation in mean virulence. We show that spatial differentiation is driven by a balance between epidemiological and genetic effects, and this quantity is related to the effect of kin competition discussed in previous studies of parasite evolution in spatially structured host populations. Our analysis can be used to understand and predict the transient evolutionary dynamics of pathogens and the emergence of spatial patterns of phenotypic variation.

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Machuco Rosa, António. "Mimesis, network theory and digital social networks." Xiphias Gladius Revista interdisciplinar de Teoría Mimética, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.32466/eufv-xg.2018.1.387.93-111.

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We analyse the formal theory of networks and the new digital media from the perspective of mimetic theory. It is emphasised that the spatial form of the new media is characterised by distribution functions that are power laws. We show that this spatial form can be derived from the presence of mimetic desire in digital social networks. Finally, we show that network theory allows the representation of the scapegoat mechanism as it was analysed by René Girard.

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Ferrari, Marika, Davide Geneletti, Luis Cayuela, Francesco Orsi, and Jose María Rey Benayas. "Analysis of Bundles and Drivers of Change of Multiple Ecosystem Services in an Alpine Region." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 18, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333216500265.

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Approaches based on the concept of ecosystem services need analyses of the sets of spatially correlated services (i.e. bundles) and of the external factors that modify the ecosystem service supply (i.e. drivers of change). At present, appropriate methods to analyse bundles and drivers of change are still under development. This study proposes a method based on a combination of spatial and statistical analyses to define bundles and to explain the drivers of change of 24 ecosystem services in Trentino, an Alpine region of Italy. Results show that multiple services can be grouped in a few number of bundles with a complex shape. When mapping multiple services across the territory, the spatial units of representation are a combination of the intrinsic units of representation of single ecosystem services and land use classes. Land use management was found as the external factor that causes the greatest variability of the ecosystem services distribution across the region.

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Rafiezadeh Shahi, K., P. Ghamisi, R. Jackisch, M. Khodadadzadeh, S. Lorenz, and R. Gloaguen. "A NEW SPECTRAL-SPATIAL SUBSPACE CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE ANALYSIS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2020 (August 3, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2020-185-2020.

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Abstract. In the past decade, hyperspectral imaging techniques have been widely used in various applications to acquire high spectral-spatial resolution images from different objects and materials. Although hyperspectral images (HSIs) are useful tools to obtain valuable information from different materials, the processing of such data is challenging due to several reasons such as the high dimensionality and redundancy of the feature space. Therefore, advanced machine learning algorithms have been developed to analyse HSIs. Among the developed algorithms, unsupervised learning techniques have become popular since they are capable of processing HSIs without having prior knowledge. Generally, unsupervised learning algorithms analyse HSIs based on spectral information. However, in many applications, spatial information plays an eminent role, in particular when the input data is of high spatial resolution. In this study, we propose a new clustering approach by utilizing the sparse subspace-based concept within the hidden Markov random field (HMRF) structure to process HSIs in an unsupervised manner. The qualitative analyses of the obtained clustering results show that the proposed spectral-spatial clustering algorithm outperforms the sparse subspace-based clustering algorithm that only uses spectral information.

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Jaroszewicz, Joanna, and Anna Majewska. "Group Spatial Preferences of Residential Locations—Simplified Method Based on Crowdsourced Spatial Data and MCDA." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094690.

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Residential location preferences illustrate how the attractiveness of particular neighbourhoods is perceived and indicate what improves or lowers the comfort of life in a city according to its residents. This research analyses the residential preferences of students who were asked to indicate their most preferred residential locations and to define their selection criteria. The study was conducted in two phases: in 2019, before the outbreak of the pandemic, and in 2020 during the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The methodology of spatial multi-criteria analyses and the developed simplified approach to determining collective preferences from crowdsourced data FCPR (first criteria partial ranking) were used to analyse the preferences. The following research questions were asked: (1) whether the developed simplified FCPR methodology would provide results similar to the methods currently used to determine group weightings of criteria; (2) what spatial aspects were important for the students when choosing where to live, and (3) whether these aspects change in the face of the pandemic. The results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the simplified approach. They indicated a significant relationship between an efficient public transport system and residence preferences, even with prolonged distance learning. They also showed the increased importance of location close to family or friends in the face of the pandemic. Only a combined analysis of the preferences expressed both in the form of a ranking of criteria and directly indicated locations provides complete information.

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Yiqun Wang. "Socio-spatial Disparities of Tobacco Outlets in Edinburgh." British Journal of Environmental Studies 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjes.2022.2.1.7.

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This paper joins spatial autocorrelation models (Global Moran's index, Local Moran index) to analyse the distribution of cigarette vending outlets in Edinburgh and utilises global regression (OLS) models and Geographically Weighted Regression models (GWR) to examine the spatial heterogeneity of fiscal and social factors that affect the distribution of retail outlets in Edinburgh. The results demonstrate that Edinburgh has a considerable spatial agglomeration of cigarette retail outlets, with a clear trend towards clustering in high and low-value areas of retail outlet distribution, showing significant geographical characteristics. The impact of each element on the distribution of cigarette retail outlets was analysed utilising the ranking of the elements in SIMD (The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) as explanatory variables. It was established that data regions with a high ranking in education, skills, and training and those with a high ranking in geographic access to services revealed a positive trend in the density distribution of cigarette retail outlets, while data regions with a high ranking in housing and those with a high ranking in crime revealed a negative trend on the density distribution of cigarette retail outlets. The outcomes are different from prior observations, so this paper specifically analyses the differences in the extent to which each influencing element affects cigarette retail outlets in Edinburgh across data regions, which will supply a scientific basis for decreasing the prevalence of smoking, decreasing socio-economic inequalities in smoking, and increasing diverse local tobacco control intervention strategies.

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Hense, Andreas, Rita Glowienka-Hense, Markus Müller, and Peter Braun. "Spatial modelling of phenological observations to analyse their interannual variations in Germany." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 112, no. 3-4 (October 2002): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00080-1.

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Comas, C., P. Delicado, and J. Mateu. "A second order approach to analyse spatial point patterns with functional marks." TEST 20, no. 3 (October 20, 2010): 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11749-010-0215-1.

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Schreiber, H., and C. M. Gosselin. "Analyse et conception d’un manipulateur parallèle spatial à cinq degrés de liberté." Mechanism and Machine Theory 38, no. 6 (June 2003): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-114x(03)00007-7.

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Sahibi, Youness, and Moustapha Hamzaoui. "Spatial Inequality of Growth between Morocco Regions." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p227.

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Abstract Although significant progress had been made in Morocco, the inter-regional inequalities persist. The aim of this paper is to analyse this spatial inequality and convergence phenomenon in Morocco, using regional data between 2000 and 2007. Thus, relying on methods of spatial data analysis and taken from theoretical and empirical contributions, this paper analyses the role of the sectorial externalities and spatial spillovers in growth. Next, we tested the existence of a convergence process and the conditions for its improvement. The results showed the existence of a growth convergence process in value added and productivity but not in employment. On the other hand, the variables of human capital and infrastructure can significantly reduce regional inequality. Thus, we conclude that the conventional policies based solely on the infrastructure development or education are not sufficient. A more comprehensive approach that integrates these two axes and encourages business development and knowledge transfer is needed.

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Gajdos, Artur. "Spatial Analysis Of Human Capital Structures." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2014-0031.

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The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the interdependence between labour productivity and the occupational structure of human capital in a spatial cross-section. Research indicates (see Fischer 2009) the possibility to assess the impact of the quality of human capital (measured by means of the level of education) on labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. This study attempts to thoroughly analyse the issue, assuming that apart from the level of education, the course of education (occupation) can also be a significant factor determining labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. The data used in this paper concerning labour force structure in major occupational groups in a regional cross-section comes from a Labour Force Survey. The data source specificity enables the assessment of labour force occupational specialisation at the regional level and the estimation of this specialisation at the subregional or county level. An in-depth analysis of the occupational structure of the labour market in a spatial cross-section is an important theoretical and practical area of study necessary for the development of effective labour market policies and the education system.

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Gallego-Valadés, Alfonso, Francisco Ródenas-Rigla, and Jorge Garcés-Ferrer. "Spatial Distribution of Public Housing and Urban Socio-Spatial Inequalities: An Exploratory Analysis of the Valencia Case." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 11381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011381.

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The urban spatial distribution of public housing is not a widely addressed issue in Spain, from a geographical perspective. This paper analyses the spatial distribution of public housing in the city of Valencia (Spain), as well as to identify its relationship with other socio-residential characteristics of the urban environment. Different techniques of spatial point pattern analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and clustering methods are implemented. We analyse both the univariate spatial patterns of public housing and its relationship with two variables: a low-income population and median monthly rent. Analysis has revealed that public housing follows a pattern of partial agglomeration and mostly peripheral dispersion in its spatial distribution. However, there does not seem to be a univocal and immanent relationship between such distribution patterns and the characteristics of the socio-residential environment. Conversely, it is possible to point to the existence of multiple local forms of association. The lack of a clear pattern may be due to many reasons: the heterogeneity of profiles eligible for public housing, the size of the projects and the spatial dispersion in their location.

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Szczepańska, Agnieszka, and Katarzyna Pietrzyk. "A multidimensional analysis of spatial order in public spaces: a case study of the town Morąg, Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 44, no. 44 (June 5, 2019): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0020.

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AbstractCentrally located public spaces, such as old towns, are an important feature of historic towns. They are often the most characteristic and representative element of a town that brings together members of the local community, plays various sociological and social roles and promotes direct interactions between the users of space. Only high-quality public spaces can effectively fulfil their role. The aim of this study was to analyse spatial order in public spaces on the example of the Old Town district of Morąg in North-Eastern Poland. The quality of public spaces was analysed with the use of a self-designed method, a field inventory and a questionnaire survey involving 100 members of the local community who were asked to evaluate the quality of public spaces in the town. The results of the comparison were used to identify public spaces that require revitalisation. The study demonstrates that spatial order directly influences the quality of public spaces. Our findings indicate that multidimensional analyses of spatial order and opinion surveys provide valuable inputs and should be included in studies evaluating the quality of public spaces.

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Xiang, Xiang Qin, and Deng Sheng Liu. "A New Outlier Mining Method Based on CLIQUE in Multi-Database." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.959.

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As a branch of Data-Mining, outlier mining is a promising prospect, and clustering analyse is a kind of technology in spatial outlier mining. The paper analyse the clustering arithmetic , compare some arithmetic of Clustring, and discuss the strongpoint and shortpoint of them.The paper research the spatial data and Outlier attributes in high dimensional space. And analysing the CLIQUE algorithm to detect the Outlier in high dimensional space, this approach can find the outliers in high-dimensional space effectively. In conclusion, the main trends of spatial outlier mining are forecaste.

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Mukhtar, Thair, and Muhammad Tariq Javed. "Price Integration in Wholesale Maize Markets in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.1075-1084.

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Continuing debate concerning the appropriate role of the government in the marketplace and the necessity to some how estimate the effects of agricultural policies on agricultural markets have forced researchers to develop various methods, which would enable them to analyse market efficiency. Government intervention in setting prices, incomes and markets is always controversial. For economists, government intervention may be justified if it does not enhance distortions into the market and, moreover, remedies the existing market imperfections. But how can one observe whether the policy proves to improve market functioning or results in even more inefficiency? One way to throw some light on this long-standing issue is to analyse market performance by studying market integration. Three types of market integration are identified in the literature, which are intertemporal, vertical and spatial. Inter-temporal market integration relates to the arbitrage process across periods. Vertical market integration is concerned with stages in marketing and processing channels. Spatial integration is concerned with the integration of spatially distinct markets i.e. if price changes in one market are fully reflected in alternative market then these markets are said to be spatially integrated. The concept of market integration has normally been applied in studies involving spatial market interrelatedness.

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Höpken, Wolfram, Marcel Müller, Matthias Fuchs, and Maria Lexhagen. "Flickr data for analysing tourists’ spatial behaviour and movement patterns." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-08-2017-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse the suitability of photo-sharing platforms, such as Flickr, to extract relevant knowledge on tourists’ spatial movement and point of interest (POI) visitation behaviour and compare the most prominent clustering approaches to identify POIs in various application scenarios. Design/methodology/approach The study, first, extracts photo metadata from Flickr, such as upload time, location and user. Then, photo uploads are assigned to latent POIs by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and k-means clustering algorithms. Finally, association rule analysis (FP-growth algorithm) and sequential pattern mining (generalised sequential pattern algorithm) are used to identify tourists’ behavioural patterns. Findings The approach has been demonstrated for the city of Munich, extracting 13,545 photos for the year 2015. POIs, identified by DBSCAN and k-means clustering, could be meaningfully assigned to well-known POIs. By doing so, both techniques show specific advantages for different usage scenarios. Association rule analysis revealed strong rules (support: 1.0-4.6 per cent; lift: 1.4-32.1 per cent), and sequential pattern mining identified relevant frequent visitation sequences (support: 0.6-1.7 per cent). Research limitations/implications As a theoretic contribution, this study comparatively analyses the suitability of different clustering techniques to appropriately identify POIs based on photo upload data as an input to association rule analysis and sequential pattern mining as an alternative but also complementary techniques to analyse tourists’ spatial behaviour. Practical implications From a practical perspective, the study highlights that big data sources, such as Flickr, show the potential to effectively substitute traditional data sources for analysing tourists’ spatial behaviour and movement patterns within a destination. Especially, the approach offers the advantage of being fully automatic and executable in a real-time environment. Originality/value The study presents an approach to identify POIs by clustering photo uploads on social media platforms and to analyse tourists’ spatial behaviour by association rule analysis and sequential pattern mining. The study gains novel insights into the suitability of different clustering techniques to identify POIs in different application scenarios.

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Połom, Marcin. "European Union Funds as a Growth Stimulant of Electromobility on the Example of Electric Public Transport in Poland." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 13, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.739.

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The aim of the study was to analyse the dependence between nature conservation instruments and the percentage of land covered by local spatial development plans and to assess the effect of conservation areas on the type of spatial management in a commune. The material for the analyses comprised local spatial development plans, an administrative decision concerning terms of construction and land management (the WZiZT decision) and administrative decisions on location of public purpose investment projects (LPP decisions) issued in the years 2004–2012. Based on the Mosina commune (in Wielkopolskie Province) an analysis was conducted on land allocated to individual land use forms in spatial development plans as well as their distribution in relation to existing land surface conservation areas. The study investigated the issue of whether the current spatial planning approach at the commune level covering all land within the boundaries of conservation areas with spatial development plans ensures rational spatial management.

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Zydroń, Adam, Anna Zbierska, and Piotr Szczepański. "The Effect of Nature Conservation Legal Instruments on Spatial Management in a Commune." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 13, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.740.

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The aim of the study was to analyse the dependence between nature conservation instruments and the percentage of land covered by local spatial development plans and to assess the effect of conservation areas on the type of spatial management in a commune. The material for the analyses comprised local spatial development plans, an administrative decision concerning terms of construction and land management (the WZiZT decision) and administrative decisions on location of public purpose investment projects (LPP decisions) issued in the years 2004–2012. Based on the Mosina commune (in Wielkopolskie Province) an analysis was conducted on land allocated to individual land use forms in spatial development plans as well as their distribution in relation to existing land surface conservation areas. The study investigated the issue of whether the current spatial planning approach at the commune level covering all land within the boundaries of conservation areas with spatial development plans ensures rational spatial management.

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Kok, M. "Abstract ES11-3: Optimizing immunotherapy efficacy in the clinic through biomarkers: Advances in single cell and spatial histology analyse." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): ES11–3—ES11–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-es11-3.

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Abstract Single cell technologies and spatial analyses are emerging as powerful tools to investigate tumor heterogeneity, cell state of key effector or suppressing immune cells and detailed distribution of cells within the tumor microenvironment. Their application will undoubtedly provide further understanding of the effects of cancer immunotherapy on the tumor microenvironment, which is particularly important for the largely non-immunogenic breast carcinomas. However, analyses of clinical samples require well-coordinated, multidisciplinary teams and specific expertise. Moreover, large scale analyses have major technical challenges and is still relatively costly. We will discuss the promise and hurdles of single cell and spatial analyses on the road to find biomarker for breast cancer immunotherapy and avenues for novel immunomodulatory treatments for breast cancer patients. Citation Format: M Kok. Optimizing immunotherapy efficacy in the clinic through biomarkers: Advances in single cell and spatial histology analyse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES11-3.

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Wijayanti, P. "Urban spatial temporal analysis and the urban heat island potential." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012068.

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Abstract The rate of urbanization has in changes in the urban spatial development, including in the city of Kediri. This study aims to analyze the distribution of urban spatial development in Kediri Regency/City, 2) Analyze the factors the factors that influence the spatial development, and 3) Analyze the UHI phenomenon and its relationship with urban spatial development. This study used Landsat 5 (1996) and 8 (2016, 2021) OLI to analyze Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and land surface temperature (LST). Ndbi and ndvi are used to determine the urban spatial development, meanwhile lst and ndvi are to analyse surface temperature. The analysis was conducted from 1996 to 2021. Urban spatial development in study area has a linear type along with the development of roads. Built-up land in the study area has increased rapidly in the last 5 years (2016 – 2021) by 83.8% compared to changes that occurred in 20 years (1996 – 2016). This is in line with the increase in urbanization, especially since the advent of the shopping centers. Temperature is increasing in line with the increase in built-up land. There is a potential UHI phenomenon in the study area as indicated by a significant temperature difference between urban and sub-urban. This makes it a challenge for urban spatial planning so that the study area remains a comfortable place to live.

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Jaskulski, Marcin, Iwona Jażdżewska, and Aleksander Szmidt. "Changes in Land Relief in Urbanised Areas Using Laser Scanning and Archival Data on the Example of Łódź (Poland)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14132961.

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The authors undertook to examine and analyse the changes in the relief in Łódź city centre over a period of over one hundred years. Archival cartographic resources containing morphometric information and contemporary laser scanning data (LIDAR) are used to analyse changes. This required appropriate transformation of these data to generate a differential relief map. Information on the geographical environment (waters, relief) is linked to the spatial development of the city. The analyses revealed several characteristic types of changes occurring in the area, which are presented in the form of case studies.

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Gallego-Valadés, Alfonso, Francisco Ródenas-Rigla, and Jorge Garcés-Ferrer. "Approach to Urban Environmental Justice Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The Case of Valencia’s Monumental Trees." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 7760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187760.

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Environmental justice has been a relevant object of analysis in recent decades. The generation of patterns in the spatial distribution of urban trees has been a widely addressed issue in the literature. However, the spatial distribution of monumental trees still constitutes an unknown object of study. The aim of this paper was to analyse the spatial distribution of the monumental-tree heritage in the city of Valencia, using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) methods, in relation to different population groups and to discuss some implications in terms of environmental justice, from the public-policy perspective. The results show that monumental trees are spatially concentrated in high-income neighbourhoods, and this fact represents an indicator of environmental inequality. This diagnosis can provide support for decision-making on this matter.

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Di Ludovico, Donato. "Analysis of European land transport network, MEGAs and socio-economic setting through Territorial Frames model." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 81, ET.2021 (March 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.81.8.

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The paper illustrates an innovative method, Territorial Frames (TFs) model based, to analyse in the European context the relation among the spatial distribution of the main urban and productive agglomerations (MEGA), the territorial socio-economic setting and the endowment and performance features of the land transport network. The proposed model allows the spatial context to be divided into a multi-scalar sum of TFs, conceived and designed as parts of the territory, with homogeneous spatial and socio-economic characteristics, delimited by multimodal transportation corridors. The assumptions for model construction is illustrated and the final European TFs (ETFs) spatial outline is proposed. In addition, through the introduction of appropriate indices, for each ETF several analyses of correlation between the socio-economic and transport network endowment/features aspects have been carried out. The results, illustrated and discussed both in numerical and spatial terms, show a close correlation between the above aspects.

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Richardson, Michael, and Fons Verbeek. "New directions in comparative embryology and the nature of developmental characters." Animal Biology 53, no. 3 (2003): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075603322539462.

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AbstractDoes developmental anatomy have a future in the age of molecular biology and digital technologies? Specifically, will morphological characters continue to be used in comparative developmental biology, or will new types of character be defined? Traditionally, comparative embryology was a non-quantitative, 'portrait-gallery' science. Wilhelm His attempted to develop a character-based, more quantitative approach. Quantitative approaches to development have been also been suggested by Meinhardt and others. With the current availability of computing power and the growth of bioinformatics and phylogenetic methodology, quantitative methodologies are increasingly being applied to studies of embryonic development. Our aim in this article is to examine some of these approaches. In both anatomical and molecular studies, the parameters to be quantified are temporal and spatial. Temporal data are analysed by techniques, such as event pairing, that analyse developmental sequences. In this case, the characters are developmental events. Spatial information can be analysed using morphometrics, in combination with computer-assisted 3D reconstruction. In spatial analyses, anatomical parts may be used as the characters. A major challenge in the coming years is to develop techniques for analysing 3D patterns of developmental gene expression and to compare them between species or individuals. Such analyses have to be defined in relation to five dimensions: the 3 orthogonal spatial planes; time; and individuals. The difficulties of such analyses are complicated by problems of homology. Some possible solutions are suggested. For example, it may be possible to use voxels as characters, and to assign to them attributes according to gene expression domains. At first sight, it might seem that traditional morphological characters would no longer be required in comparative embryology. However, we believe that some kind of anatomical framework will always be needed in comparative biology. The interplay between classical morphological characters, gene expression patterns and computing methodologies will be an exciting area for future work.

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Pastonchi, Laura, Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Piero Toscano, and Alessandro Matese. "Comparison between satellite and ground data with UAV-based information to analyse vineyard spatio-temporal variability." OENO One 54, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 919–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.4028.

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Currently, the greatest challenge for vine growers is to improve the yield and quality of grapes by minimizing costs and environmental impacts. This goal can be achieved through a better knowledge of vineyard spatial variability. Traditional platforms such as airborne, satellite and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) solutions are useful investigation tools for vineyard site specific management. These remote sensing techniques are mainly exploited to get the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is useful for describing the morpho-vegetational characteristics of vineyards. This study was conducted in a vineyard in Tuscany (Italy) during the 2017, 2018 and 2019 seasons. Ground data were acquired to detect some agronomic variables such as yield (kg/vine), total soluble solids (TSS), and pruning weight (kg/vine). Remote sensed multispectral images acquired by UAV and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite platform were used to assess the analysis of the vegetative variability. The UAV NDVI was extracted using both a mixed pixels approach (both vine and inter-row) and from pure canopy pixels. In addition to these UAV layers, the vine thickness was extracted. The aim of this study was to evaluate both classical Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and spatial statistical methods (Moran Index-MI and BILISA) to assess their performance in a multi-temporal comparison between satellite and ground data with UAV information. Good correlations were detected between S2 NDVI and UAV NDVI mixed pixels through both methods (R2 = 0.80 and MI = 0.75). Regarding ground data, UAV layers showed low and negative association with TSS (MI = - 0.34 was the lowest value) whereas better spatial autocorrelations with positive values were detected between UAV layers and both yield (MI ranged from 0.42 to 0.52) and pruning weight (MI ranged from 0.45 to 0.64). The spatial analysis made by MI and BILISA methodologies added more information to this study, clearly showing that both UAV and Sentinel-2 satellite allowed the vigour spatial variability within the vineyard to be detected correctly, overcoming the classical comparison methods by adding the spatial effect. MI and BILISA play a key role in identifying spatial patterns and could be successfully exploited by agricultural stakeholders.

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Marchand, Patricia. "L'enseignement du sens spatial au secondaire : Analyse de deux leçons de troisième secondaire." Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2009): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14926150902829279.

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Balaguer-Beser, A., L. A. Ruiz, T. Hermosilla, and J. A. Recio. "Using semivariogram indices to analyse heterogeneity in spatial patterns in remotely sensed images." Computers & Geosciences 50 (January 2013): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.08.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial analyse'

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