Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial analyse

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial analyse'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Élie, Daniel. "Analyse spatiale et criminologie." Criminologie 27, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017345ar.

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This article addresses the spatial analysis of crime. Following a brief historical overview, the author discusses major conceptual and methodological issues relating to the study of space and crime. Emphasis is placed on the description of spatial statistical tools (i.e. spatial mean, standard distance, turbulence...) and on the problem of spatial autocorrection. Two maps are presented and discussed.
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Novella, Fabien, Yan Pailhas, Gilles Le Chenadec, and Isabelle Quidu. "Low frequency synthetic aperture sonar: Spatial coherence analyse." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147076.

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Chen, Shizhe, Jianrong Pan, Zhan Wang, and Chao Zhou. "Rotation Stiffness Investigation of Spatial Joints with End-Plate Connection." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8131052.

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Spatial joints with end-plate connections show significant spatial coupling effects under spatial loading. Mechanical behaviour and failure modes of these spatial joints differ from those of planar joints. This study involved experiments and finite element analyses with respect to planar joints with end-plate connections under static load. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, and this verified the adequacy of the finite element analyses. Then, finite element models of the spatial interior joint, exterior joint, and corner joint were established to analyse the difference between the mechanical behaviour of spatial joints and planar joints. The component method was used to analyse components contributing to the initial stiffness of spatial joints. An initial rotation stiffness calculation model of spatial joints was proposed based on the deformation of joints. The findings indicated that results of the calculation models were in good agreement with those of the finite element analyses, and this proved that the calculation model proposed in this study could act as a reference method.
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Meetiyagoda, Lakshika. "A Non-Accident-Based Spatial Method to Analyse Pedestrian-Vehicular Conflict." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n2.341.

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Due to the tremendous increase in automobile transportation and heavy pedestrian movements in developing countries, roads are becoming deadlier year by year. It is acknowledged that context specific research on pedestrian-vehicular conflict are urgently needed considering the built environment characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) redefine pedestrian-vehicular conflict that would enable to explain micro- and macro-built environment-related variables in a particular context, and (2) develop a methodology that could be used in a place where comprehensive data are limitedly available for a spatial analysis. This research redefines pedestrian-vehicular conflict as “the pedestrian contact with potentially harmful vehicular traffic”, rather than accidents. Based on this definition devise a methodology. The primary data collection method adopted to collect causal factors related to spatial data was, photographs. The spatial data were analysed by using QGIS platform. The pedestrian volume models are constructed by a space syntax framework and correlated with a composite choropleth map to get the potential conflicting points. A perception survey was carried out to confirm the spatial analysis. The research findings indicate that the methodology developed can be used to identify built environment factors related risk areas spatially. Consequently, it is possible to fill the research gap by introducing a low-cost, widely applicable, impartial, spatial and perception-based methodology that assesses the built environmental characteristics in relation to pedestrian-vehicular conflict. This research would support the urban planners and designers, allowing them to comprehend the risk related nature of pedestrian-vehicular conflict in their urban planning schemes before intervening with plans and designs
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Lundberg, Johan. "Using spatial econometrics to analyse local growth in Sweden." Regional Studies 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400600631566.

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Kurowska, Krystyna, Ewa Kietlinska, and Hubert Kryszk. "Possibilities Use to Selected Methods of Spatial Data Mining in Demographic Data Analytics." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.018.

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The main purpose of data mining in private and public sector institutions is to process and analyse data with the aim of generating reliable information for decision-making. Decision-making performance is determined by the availability of the relevant data and the user’s ability to adapt that data for analytical purposes. The popularity of spatial statistical tools is on the rise owing to the complexity of the analysed factors, their variation over time and their correlations with the spatial structure. Popular models should be applied in demographic analyses for the needs of the spatial planning process. The availability of high-resolution data and accurate analytical tools enhances the value of spatial analyses, and the described models can be universally applied to support the decision-making process. The aim of this study was to present the applicability of selected spatial statistical models for analysing demographic data in the planning process and to identify the main advantages of these models.
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Growe, Anna. "Buzz at workplaces in knowledge-intensive service production: Spatial settings of temporary spatial proximity." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418784999.

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The objective of this paper is to understand temporary spatial proximity beyond temporary clusters, and to analyse rationales for the use of various spatial settings for temporary spatial proximity in the work processes of knowledge-intensive services. To contrast different types of temporary spatial proximity two basic types, ‘Meet and Mingle’ and ‘Move and Manage’, are identified. On the basis of qualitative interviews in knowledge-intensive sectors in six German cities, the distinct use of three types of spatial settings (workplaces, transit places and retreat places) to create the targeted temporary spatial proximity type of ‘Move and Manage’ is analysed. The paper discusses how such settings contribute to creating a specific atmosphere to support the work processes of knowledge-intensive services.
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Strelnikova, Dariia, Thomas Schneider, and Michael Leitner. "Utilizing Spatial Video to Analyse Roadside Advertisements in Villach, Austria." GI_Forum 1 (2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2018_01_s34.

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SOCZÓWKA, Piotr. "METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL UNITS FOR TRANSIT-RELATED ANALYSE." Transport Problems 16, no. 3 (2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/tp-2021-038.

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McCord, Michael James, John McCord, Peadar Thomas Davis, Martin Haran, and Paul Bidanset. "House price estimation using an eigenvector spatial filtering approach." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-09-2019-0097.

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Purpose Numerous geo-statistical methods have been developed to analyse the spatial dimension and composition of house prices. Despite these advances, spatial filtering remains an under-researched approach within house price studies. This paper aims to examine the spatial distribution of house prices using an eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) procedure, to analyse the local variation and spatial heterogeneity. Design/methodology/approach Using 2,664 sale transactions over the one year period Q3 2017 to Q3 2018, an eigenvector spatial filtering approach is applied to evaluate spatial patterns within the Belfast housing market. This method consists of using geographical coordinates to specify eigenvectors across geographic distance to determine a set of spatial filters. These convey spatial structures representative of different spatial scales and units. The filters are incorporated as predictors into regression analyses to alleviate spatial autocorrelation. This approach is intuitive, given that detection of autocorrelation in specific filters and within the regression residuals can be markers for exclusion or inclusion criteria. Findings The findings show both robust and effective estimator consistency and limited spatial dependency – culminating in accurately specified hedonic pricing models. The findings show that the spatial component alone explains 14.6 per cent of the variation in property value, whereas 77.6 per cent of the variation could be attributed to an interaction between the structural characteristics and the local market geography expressed by the filters. This methodological step reduced short-scale spatial dependency and residual autocorrelation resulting in increased model stability and reduced misspecification error. Originality/value Eigenvector-based spatial filtering is a less known but suitable statistical protocol that can be used to analyse house price patterns taking into account spatial autocorrelation at varying (different) spatial scales. This approach arguably provides a more insightful analysis of house prices by removing spatial autocorrelation both objectively and subjectively to produce reliable, yet understandable, regression models, which do not suffer from traditional challenges of serial dependence or spatial mis-specification. This approach offers property researchers and policymakers an intuitive but comprehensible approach for producing accurate price estimation models, which can be readily interpreted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Fusco, Johanna. "Analyse des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des systèmes de peuplement dans un contexte d'incertitude : Application à l'archéologie spatiale." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2008/document.

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L’incertitude inhérente à notre appréhension des systèmes de peuplement passés, engendrée par les modes de collecte ou d’enregistrement des données, mais aussi par nos modes de catégorisation et de réflexion spatio-temporelles sur cette information, conditionnent fortement les hypothèses et les résultats qui en découlent. Cette thèse, menée dans le cadre du projet PaléoSyr/PaléoLib, présente une chaîne de raisonnement méthodologique exploratoire destinée à révéler et formaliser par des méthodes d’analyse spatiale divers niveaux de connaissance et d’incertitude inhérents aux bases de données archéologiques, tout en proposant des alternatives destinées à s’écarter du conditionnement imposé par les catégories spatio-temporelles rigides telles que les périodes ou les limites de zones de prospection. Celle-ci est structurée en deux axes majeurs : le premier a pour objectif de clarifier et de synthétiser les niveaux d’information inhérents à une vaste base de données couvrant la Syrie occidentale et le Liban de -9600 av. J.-C. à nos jours, en adaptant des méthodes d’aide à la décision et d’analyse spatio-morphologique, et par des procédés de géovisualisation dans une optique exploratoire. Le second axe explore et évalue localement les impacts des divers niveaux spatio-temporels que révèlent les données par des méthodes d’analyse géostatistique et de statistique spatiale, et des niveaux d’incertitude sur notre perception du changement spatio-temporel, sur un espace situé au Nord-Ouest de la Syrie. Divers modèles des « passés possibles » du peuplement élaborés à l’aide de la logique floue seront proposés, en fonction des divers niveaux spatio-temporels et d’incertitude envisagés
The uncertainty inherent to our comprehension of past settlement systems, generated by our ways of collecting or recording data but also by our spatio-temporal categorisation and reflexion on this information, greatly condition hypotheses and results. This thesis was carried out in the framework of PaleoSyr/PaleoLib project, and develops a methodological and exploratory reasoning chain whose aim is to reveal and formalise with spatial analysis several levels of knowledge and uncertainty which are inherent to archaeological databases. It proposes alternatives to try and avoid the conditioning imposed by rigid spatio-temporal categories such as periods or survey zones. It is organised in two major axes : the first one intends to clarify and synthetize several levels of information which are inherent to a big database covering Occidental Syria and Lebanon from -9600 B.C to the present, by adapting decision making and spatio-morphological methods, and through geovisualisation processes in an exploratory dimension. The second axis explores and evaluates locally the impacts of the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels revealed by data with geostatistics and spatial statistics on our perception of spatio-temporal change, on a test zone situated at the North-West of Syria. Several models of the “possible pasts” of settlement with the help of fuzzy logic are then proposed, depending on the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels taken into account
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Lumeau, Bernard. "Traitement spatial et analyse spectrale applications neurophysiologiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607489r.

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Haddad, Noëlle. "Analyse et modélisation du repliement spatial de l'épigénome." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN042/document.

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L'ADN chromosomique des cellules eucaryotes est fortement condensé au sein d'un complexe nucléoprotéïque, la chromatine. Aussi bien l'organisation spatiale que la composition biochimique (état “épigénomique”) de la chromatine jouent un rôle fondamental dans la régulation des gènes. Grâce aux récents développements des techniques de séquençage à haut-débit, il est possible de déterminer l'état épigénomique local de la chromatine ainsi que la probabilité de contact entre deux sites génomiques (technique dite de “Hi-C”). Ces deux techniques ont permis de mettre en évidence l’existence de domaines d’interaction dont les positions corrèlent fortement avec la segmentation épigénomique de la chromatine. Cependant, les mécanismes responsables de ce couplage sont encore mal compris. L’objectif de cette thèse est de bâtir des modèles physiques permettant de valider l’hypothèse que l’épigénome est un acteur majeur dans le repliement 3D de la chromatine. Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord développé “IC-Finder”, un algorithme permettant de segmenter les cartes Hi-C en domaines d’interaction. Nous avons alors pu quantifier précisément l’association entre épigénome et organisation de la chromatine. Les corrélations trouvées justifient l’idée de modéliser la chromatine par un copolymère par bloc dont les monomères ont chacun un état épigénomique. Dans ce cadre, nous avons développé une méthode d’inférence des potentiels d'interaction entre sites génomiques à partir des cartes Hi-C expérimentales. Ce travail permettra à plus long terme de prévoir l’organisation de la chromatine sous différentes conditions, ce qui permettra d’étudier en particulier les changements de structure résultant de l’altération de l’épigénome
DNA of eukaryotes is highly condensed in a nucleoprotein complex called chromatin. Both the spatial organization and the biochemical composition (“epigenomic” state) of the chromatin are fundamental for gene regulation. Remarkably, recent studies indicate that1D epigenomic domains tend to fold into 3D topologically associated domains (TADs) forming specialized nuclear chromatin compartments. In this thesis, we address the question of the coupling between chromatin folding and epigenome. We first built a software called IC-finder to segment HiC maps into interacting domains. We next used it to quantify correlations between the TADs and epigenomic partitions of the genome. This led us to develop a physical model of the chromatin with the working hypothesis that chromatin organization is driven by physical interactions between epigenomic loci. We modeled chromatin as a block copolymer where each block corresponds to an epigenomic domain. With this framework, we developed a method to infer interaction parameters between chromatin loci from experimental Hi-C map. An outcome of such inference process would be a powerful tool to predict chromatin organization in various conditions, allowing investigating in silico changes in TAD formations and long-range contacts when altering the epigenome
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Kere, Eric Nazindigouba. "Analyse économétrique des décisions de production des propriétaires forestiers privés non industriels en France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0052/document.

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La production de bois intègre notamment des enjeux économiques, climatiques et énergétiques. En France, selon les données de l'Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière, l'accroissement biologique de la forêt est largement supérieur aux prélèvements de bois. C'est pourquoi l'État français a fixé l'objectif de prélever 21 millions de m3 supplémentaires de bois d'ici 2020 (Grenelle de l'environnement, 2007). Cependant, la forêt française appartient majoritairement à des propriétaires forestiers privés qui ont des préférences à la fois pour le revenu issu de la vente de bois et pour les aménités non-bois. Les politiques visant à accroître la production de bois doivent donc intégrer ces aspects. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de comprendre les déterminants de la production jointe de bois et d'aménités non-bois en France. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes d'abord intéressés aux déterminants individuels et régionaux de l'offre de bois. Nous montrons que le comportement d'offre de bois d'un propriétaire peut varier en fonction du comportement de production de bois constaté chez ses pairs (effets sociaux). Ensuite, nous mettons en évidence un comportement de mimétisme dans les décisions de production jointe de bois et d'aménités des propriétaires forestiers privés. Enfin, nous analysons les arbitrages inter-temporels réalisés par les propriétaires entre aménités non-bois et revenu de la vente de bois en prenant en compte explicitement les anticipations de prix et de croissance. Nous évaluons à 23e par an la valeur que les propriétaires de notre échantillon accordent à 1m3/ha de bois supplémentaire laissé sur pied par rapport au niveau de stock des propriétaires industriels afin d'avoir des aménités plus importantes.Un des enjeux de ce travail est d?offrir des pistes pour mobiliser la ressource forestière ne faisant pas l'objet d'une offre, faute d'implication des propriétaires privés, soit par manque de connaissance ou d'intérêt pour leur forêt, soit parce que d'autres aspects sont privilégiés (services d'aménités non-bois par exemple). Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que les effets de mimétisme et d'entrainement social (effets sociaux) peuvent être utilisés pour amener les propriétaires forestiers à produire plus de bois. Nous montrons également, qu'une hausse du prix du bois ou la mise en place d'une taxepeut favoriser la prise de la décision de coupe de bois et augmenter l'intensité de la récolte
Timber production is related to economic, climate and energy issues. In France,according to data from the National Institute of Geoinformation and Forestry, thebiological growth rate of the forest is greater than the timber harvest rate. Thus, theFrench government has set a target of harvesting an additional quantity of 21 millioncubic meter of timber by 2020 ("Grenelle de l'environnement, 2007"). However, theFrench forest is majority owned by private forest owners who have preferences forboth income from timber trade and from non-timber amenities. The policies toincrease timber production must include these aspects. The objective of this thesisis to understand the determinants of joint production of timber and non-timberamenities in France.Therefore, we first analyze private forest owners' timber supply, taking into accountindividual and regional determinants. Afterwards, we investigate whether thedrivers of forest owners behavior differ within and between these different levels.We show that similar timber supply behavior can be observed when regional characteristicsor those of peers are similar. Then, we highlight a mimicry behavior injoint production decisions of timber and amenities made by private forest owners.Finally, we analyze inter-temporal trade-offs made by the owners from non-timberamenities and income from the sale of wood. We explicitly take into account theprice expectations and growth. Our estimations show that the willingness to pay fornon-timber amenities is e23 for our case study. This value is the difference betweenthe value they could have earned if they tried to maximize timber revenue and therevenue of their actual logging.Mainly beacause of a lack of involvement of private owners, either through a lackof knowledge or interest in their forest, or because other aspects are privileged (nontimberamenities, e.g.), a part of forest ressource is not subject to a commercial offer.Providing ways to mobilize this ressource is one of the challenges of this work. Weshow that the mimetic effects and the contextual effects can be used to encourageforest owners to produce more timber. An effective policy could be a combinationof these two effects. We also show that an increase in the price of timber or theadoption of a tax may be an incentive for timber harvesting
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Faye, Papa Abdoulaye. "Planification et analyse de données spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22638/document.

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La Modélisation spatio-temporelle permet la prédiction d’une variable régionalisée à des sites non observés du domaine d’étude, basée sur l’observation de cette variable en quelques sites du domaine à différents temps t donnés. Dans cette thèse, l’approche que nous avons proposé consiste à coupler des modèles numériques et statistiques. En effet en privilégiant l’approche bayésienne nous avons combiné les différentes sources d’information : l’information spatiale apportée par les observations, l’information temporelle apportée par la boîte noire ainsi que l’information a priori connue du phénomène. Ce qui permet une meilleure prédiction et une bonne quantification de l’incertitude sur la prédiction. Nous avons aussi proposé un nouveau critère d’optimalité de plans d’expérience incorporant d’une part le contrôle de l’incertitude en chaque point du domaine et d’autre part la valeur espérée du phénomène
Spatio-temporal modeling allows to make the prediction of a regionalized variable at unobserved points of a given field, based on the observations of this variable at some points of field at different times. In this thesis, we proposed a approach which combine numerical and statistical models. Indeed by using the Bayesian methods we combined the different sources of information : spatial information provided by the observations, temporal information provided by the black-box and the prior information on the phenomenon of interest. This approach allowed us to have a good prediction of the variable of interest and a good quantification of incertitude on this prediction. We also proposed a new method to construct experimental design by establishing a optimality criterion based on the uncertainty and the expected value of the phenomenon
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Barankanira, Emmanuel. "Analyses spatiales de problèmes de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne : exemples du VIH/SIDA et de la malnutrition." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT048/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse spatiale de problèmes de santé publique rencontrés en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans une première étude, nous avons analysé les variations spatiales de la prévalence du VIH au Burundi et les déterminants socio-comportementaux chez les personnes âgées de 15 à 49 ans à partir des données de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS) de 2010. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons analysé l’évolution de la répartition spatiale de la prévalence du retard de croissance chez les enfants âgés de moins de 3 ans en Côte d’Ivoire à partir des données des EDS de 1994, 1998-1999 et 2011-2012. Pour ces deux études, nous avons tout d’abord prédit en des points non échantillonnés les niveaux de prévalence du problème étudié, soit par la méthode des noyaux, soit par la méthode du krigeage ordinaire. Nous avons ensuite procédé à la détection des agrégats spatiaux ou clusters par la méthode de Kulldorff puis à l’identification de zones de différents risques par la méthode du partitionnement oblique du territoire. Finalement, nous avons utilisé la modélisation spatiale pour identifier les facteurs associés. Ces techniques d’analyse spatiale présentent de nombreux avantages mais également de nombreuses limites que nous soulignons
This thesis is about the spatial analysis of public health issues in sub-Saharan Africa. In a first study, we analysed the spatial variations of HIV prevalence and the socio-behavioral determinants among people aged 15 to 49 in Burundi using 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. In a second study, we analysed the evolution of the spatial distribution of stunting prevalence among under-three children in Côte d’Ivoire using 1994, 1998-1999 and 2011-2012 DHS data. For both studies, we first predicted the prevalence levels of the public health issue under study in unsampled points by the kernel method or ordinary kriging. We then identified clusters using the Kulldorff’s method and zones of different risks using the oblique partitioning method of the study area. Finally, we used spatial modeling to identify associated risk factors. These spatial analysis techniques have not only many advantages but also many limitations that we emphasize
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Lounes, Rachid. "Champs aléatoires de renouvellement spatial." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H068.

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Nous avons développé la théorie des processus renouvelants à plusieurs indices. D’une part nous avons étendu la théorie au cas où le renouvellement est relatif a deux sites au lieu d'un, tant dans un cadre statique que dans un cadre dynamique, d'autre part nous avons comparé les vitesses de convergence de plusieurs dynamiques a un site vers l'état d'équilibre, en particulier en vue de simulations rapides de ces équilibres
We have developed the theory of renewal multi-indices processes. First we extend this theory to the case of renewal concerning two sites in static and dynamic cases. Then we compared convergence rates of various one-site dynamics to equilibrium, in particular for doing quick simulation of such equilibrium states
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Truchet, Stéphanie. "Analyse économique du développement territorial du tourisme : prise en compte des aménités et des interactions spatiales marchandes et non marchandes." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704585.

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La thèse aborde la question des déterminants du développement territorial du tourisme et propose un cadre d'analyse des mécanismes jouant sur localisation des firmes touristiques. D'un point de vue théorique, elle mobilise principalement le champ de l'économie spatiale mais aussi celui de l'économie du tourisme et les théories du capital social. La thèse est constituée de deux parties, mêlant chacune approche théorique et empirique. La première partie est centrée sur l'influence des aménités. Après avoir clarifié les contours de cette notion, elle analyse, à l'aide de modèles micro-économiques, l'influence de leur répartition spatiale sur le développement touristique. Les résultats de ces modèles sont ensuite testés à travers une analyse économétrique. La deuxième partie porte sur l'influence du tissu d'entreprises touristiques et sur le jeu des interactions spatiales. Elle propose une grille de lecture des mécanismes marchands et non marchands à travers lesquels les entreprises touristiques proches interagissent et analyse d'une part les déterminants de ces interactions et d'autre part leurs effets en termes de développement touristique. Méthode économétrique et études de cas sont ensuite mobilisées pour valider l'analyse théorique. La thèse conclut à l'importance de la répartition spatiale des aménités au sein des territoires. En effet, celle-ci conditionne l'attractivité touristique mais aussi l'émergence d'interactions spatiales entre entreprises touristiques qui, jusqu'à un certain seuil, ont pour effet de renforcer le développement touristique.
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Meynadier, Ludovic. "Analyse de surface d'onde pour le contrô̂le actif d'un télescope spatial /." Châtillon : ONERA, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367099540.

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Th. doct.--Faculté des sciences--Nice, 1997.
En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 157-165. Notes bibliogr. Résumé en français et en anglais. L'ouvrage porte par erreur : ISSN 0078-3780.
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Beaulne, Jean-Sébastien. "Analyse spatiale et multi-échelle de la distribution des bactéries dans le sol et les sédiments." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0037/document.

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Les bactéries ont colonisé toutes les niches écologiques de la planète. Plus précisément, les sols sont l’hôte de la plus grande biodiversité terrestre, la faune microbienne. Cette grande diversité de bactéries et leur relative ubiquité rendent difficile l’identification des variables contrôlant la distribution spatiale des bactéries vivant dans le sol. Comme les bactéries du sol jouent un rôle important dans les grands cycles biogéochimiques globaux, il est important de mieux comprendre les variables qui peuvent influencer la composition bactérienne des sols. Dans cette thèse, nous émettons l'hypothèse que l'hétérogénéité de la composition de la communauté bactérienne apparaît à la même échelle spatiale que l'hétérogénéité des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol. Afin de comprendre la relation entre la composition bactérienne des sols (à l’échelle d’une carotte de sol jusqu’à l’échelle d’une région entière du nord de la France) et les paramètres physico-chimiques du sol à différentes échelles spatiales, nous allons utiliser une approche intégrant des données issues d’analyses SIG (Système d’Information Géographique), d’analyses physico-chimiques du sol et d’analyses des communautés bactériennes du sol. A travers une suite de trois expérimentations, nous allons répondre à trois questions: Est-ce qu’une pression environnementale uniforme à une plus grande échelle (cm) peut atténuer l’hétérogénéité microbienne à micro-échelle? Est-ce que les variables ayant une distribution spatiale suivant un gradient géographique sont des variables structurant fortement la distribution spatiale des bactéries à l’échelle de ce même gradient? Est-ce que certains bio-indicateurs à grandes échelles peuvent intégrer des groupes de variables pour modéliser la distribution des bactéries pour une région entière ?
The bacteria have colonized all the niches of the planet. Specifically, soils are home of the largest terrestrial biodiversity, microbial fauna. This great diversity of bacteria and their relative ubiquity make it difficult to idendified variables driving the spatial distribution of bacteria living in the soil. As soil bacteria play a significant role in the main global biogeochemical cycles, it is important to better understand the variables that can influence bacterial composition of soils. In this thesis, we hypothesize that heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition appears at the same scale level as the heterogeneity of soil physicochemical properties. In order to understand the relationship of bacterial composition of soils (from core experiment to field study in large region in the northern France) and soil factors at different spatial scales, we will use an approach coupling GIS tools, soil physico-chemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene NGS. With Three set of experiment we will answer three questions: Can a uniform environmental pressure at a larger scale (cm) overcome microbial micro-scale heterogeneity? Are geographical gradients strong drivers of the microbial community structure at the scale of the gradient? Do large-scale geographical features that integrate groups of parameters model the differences in microbial community structure for an entire region?
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Books on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Murtagh, Fionn. Handbook of cluster analysis. Edited by Meilă Marina 1962 editor. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.

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Léna, Sanders, ed. Modèles en analyse spatiale. Paris: Hermès science, 2001.

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Sibley, David. Spatial applications of exploratory data analysis. Norwich: Geo Books, 1988.

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Bailey, Trevor C. Interactive spatial data analysis. Harlow Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1995.

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Denise, Pumain, and European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography. (6th : 1989 : Chantilly France), eds. Spatial analysis and population dynamics =: Analyse spatiale et dynamique des populations. London: Libbey Eurotext, 1991.

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Stewart, Fotheringham A., Rogerson Peter, and National Center for Geographic Information & Analysis (U.S.), eds. Spatial analysis and GIS. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.

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Andrew, Lawson, and Denison David G. T, eds. Spatial cluster modelling. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.

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Cressie, Noel A. C. Statistics for spatial data. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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Cressie, Noel A. C. Statistics for spatial data. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Souiah, Sid-Ahmed. L' analyse démographique et spatiale. Nantes: Éditions du temps, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Schwieger, Peter. "Zur Herausbildung territorialer und gesellschaftlicher Zentren und Peripherien in der tibetischen Geschichte: Eine systemtheoretische Analyse." In Core, Periphery, Frontier – Spatial Patterns of Power, 171–86. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737012386.171.

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Goebl, Hans. "Analyse diatopique, diachronique et diatextuelle d’un trait scripturaire normand (*ALIRE + S latin> aillours etc.)." In Distributions spatiales et temporelles, constellations des manuscrits/Spatial and Temporal Distributions, Manuscript Constellations, 63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.37.10goe.

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van Nes, Akkelies, and Claudia Yamu. "Private and Public Space: Analysing Spatial Relationships Between Buildings and Streets." In Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 113–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3_4.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss and demonstrate how to analyse the urban micro-spatial relationships between private and public spaces. These methods allow one to analyse intervisibility between buildingsandstreets, entrancedensity from buildings towards streets, streetconstitutedness, and the topological depth between private and public spaces. These urban micro-scaleanalyses are a quantification of Jane Jacob’s (1960) and Jan Gehl’s (1996) presumptions about the interrelation between streets and building entrances and windows. Exercises are provided at the end of this chapter.
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Larsen, Henrik Gutzon, and Carl Marklund. "Sublimated Expansionism? Living Space Ideas in Nordic Small-State Geopolitics." In Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 15–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_2.

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AbstractIn intellectual histories of geography as well as in international relations, geopolitics is usually the business of great powers, understood as the expansion of hard power through territorial control. However, the existence of a ‘Geopolitik of the weak’ has also been theorised, premised on the ability of smaller states – such as the Nordic countries – to secure their survival through a wider range of policy instruments. In this chapter, we analyse key themes in the work of two Nordic geographical thinkers deeply concerned with the place and status of their home countries in the era of high modernity – Rudolf Kjellén and Gudmund Hatt. Relying upon their scholarly works as well as relevant public debates circa 1905–1945, we trace the ‘small-state geopoliticking’ of Hatt and Kjellén, identifying three key characteristics of their style of small-state geopolitics: (1) determinism is qualified by voluntarism; (2) space is complemented by future; and (3) external expansion is sublimated into internal progress. In its reconceptualisation of living space as primarily concerned with existential survival as premised upon future progress, rather than outward-oriented territorial expansion, small-state geopolitics emerges as a highly situated, somewhat quaint but nonetheless significant element in Nordic theorising of geography.
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Staccione, Andrea, Sebastian Candiago, and Jaroslav Mysiak. "A Network Approach to Green Infrastructure: How to Enhance Ecosystem Services Provision?" In Human-Nature Interactions, 51–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_5.

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Significance StatementLandscape fragmentation is increasingly undermining the capacity of ecosystems to provide services and benefits to humans. The development of a green infrastructure network can enhance the provision of ecosystem services connecting ecosystem features. We review and explore the concepts, methodologies, and applications that allow to analyse connectivity of green infrastructure networks and the role of spatial connectivity for supporting and maintaining ecosystem services. Together with connectivity, the quality, quantity, diversity, redundancy, and distances of ecosystem elements result to be important characteristics to support the provision of services. We report how spatial and connectivity-based methodologies (for example, network indices and spatial pattern analysis) can support characterisation and prioritization of green infrastructure networks for crucial interventions, both for preserving and restoring connection elements.
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Larrieu, Antoine, Trang Hieu Nguyen, and Antony Champion. "Use of Fluorescent Reporters to Analyse Dynamic and Spatial Responses to Mechanical Wounding." In Jasmonate in Plant Biology, 161–68. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_12.

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Deacon, Thomas, and Mathieu Barthet. "Spatial Design Considerations for Interactive Audio in Virtual Reality." In Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments, 181–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04021-4_6.

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AbstractSpace is a fundamental feature of virtual reality (VR) systems, and more generally, human experience. Space is a place where we can produce and transform ideas and act to create meaning. It is also an information container. When working with sound and space interactions, making VR systems becomes a fundamentally interdisciplinary endeavour. To support the design of future systems, designers need an understanding of spatial design decisions that impact audio practitioners’ processes and communication. This chapter proposes a typology of VR interactive audio systems, focusing on their function and the role of space in their design. Spatial categories are proposed to be able to analyse the role of space within existing interactive audio VR products. Based on the spatial design considerations explored in this chapter, a series of implications for design are offered that future research can exploit.
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Calleo, Yuri, and Simone Di Zio. "Unsupervised spatial data mining for the development of future scenarios: a Covid-19 application." In Proceedings e report, 173–78. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.33.

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In the context of Futures Studies, the scenario development process permits to make assumptions on what the futures can be in order to support better today decisions. In the initial stages of the scenario building (Framing and Scanning phases), the process requires much time and efforts to scanning data and information (reading of documents, literature review and consultation of experts) to understand more about the object of the foresight study. The daily use of social networks causes an exponential increase of data and for this reason here we deal with the problem of speeding up and optimizing the Scanning phase by applying a new combined method based on the analysis of tweets with the use of unsupervised classification models, text-mining and spatial data mining techniques. For the purpose of having a qualitative overview, we applied the bag-of-words model and a Sentiment Analysis with the Afinn and Vader algorithms. Then, in order to extrapolate the influence factors, and the relevant key factors (Kayser and Blind, 2017; 2020) the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used (Tong and Zhang, 2016). Furthermore, to acquire also spatial information we used spatial data mining technique to extract georeferenced data from which it was possible to analyse and obtain a geographic analysis of the data. To showcase our method, we provide an example using Covid-19 tweets (Uhl and Schiebel, 2017), upon which 5 topics and 6 key factors have been extracted. In the last instance, for each influence factor, a cartogram was created through the relative frequencies in order to have a spatial distribution of the users discussing each particular topic. The results fully answer the research objectives and the model used could be a new approach that can offer benefits in the scenario developments process.
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Lawson, Andrew B. "Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Disease Analysis." In Spatial and Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health, 53–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470092505.ch4.

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Şen, Zekâi. "Spatial Analyses." In Earth Systems Data Processing and Visualization Using MATLAB, 193–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01542-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Kysel, Peter. "SPATIAL ANALYSE OF CADASTRAL MAPS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/2.3/s11.072.

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Serrano, E., M. P. Y. Desmulliez, S. M. Prince, H. Inbar, and B. S. Wherrett. "Multiple-Quantum-Well Binary-Phase Modulators: Design and Tolerance Analysis." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.stue.9.

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Over the last fifteen years, various types of semiconductor electro-absorption modulators have been fabricated and analysed. The potential use of such devices in photonic switching fabrics and inter-chip interconnections has provoked numerous studies of their performance capabilities and design trade-offs [1,2]. Of particular concern has been the impossibility, until recently, to manufacture fast 2-D multiple quantum well (MQW) phase modulator arrays. Trezza and coworkers reported a π-phase change in a reflection-mode vertical cavity asymmetric multiple quantum well [3], in which the absorption variation induced by an external applied field causes a change in the dominant role played by one of the cavity minors. Moreover, the device, named a phase-flip modulator, is designed so that no change in throughput is induced by the bias voltage. The π phase change at constant reflectivity requires a careful cavity design and the precise determination of the operating wavelength and voltage swing. A systematic study demands the implementation of a tolerance methodology. Results, based on such a methodology, will be presented that analyse which parameters are in achieving the best overall device performance, the optimum operating conditions and the higher degree of robustness (the tolerance) to the variations in device characteristics.
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Tawfik, Hissam, Atulya Nagar, and Terrence Fernando. "Multi-Criteria Spatial Analysis of Building Layouts." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3177.

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This paper proposes a multi-criteria based approach for the analysis of building layouts, from space quality and cost related perspectives. A computational prototype is developed to analyse a building layout from various accessibility related measures in order to evaluate the quality of the building special layout. A case study is used to demonstrate the assessment of a building layout based on a range of criteria.
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Marshall, Paul, Yvonne Rogers, and Nadia Pantidi. "Using F-formations to analyse spatial patterns of interaction in physical environments." In the ACM 2011 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1958824.1958893.

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McDonald, G. S., K. Stephen, and W. J. Firth. "Spontaneous Spatial Structures in Simple Systems and Defocusing Media." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nldos.1990.stdopd166.

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Feedback systems in which the nonlinearity is lumped into a thin slice, while the propagation is free-space and thus linear, are simple to model and analyse. We present results for static and dynamic pattern formation in single-mirror and cavity systems of this type.
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Hodge, C. G., and J. F. Eastham. "Machine Spatial Air Gap Flux Density Analysis." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-234.

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Electrical rotating machines operate through the interaction of electrical currents with magnetic flux that may itself be created through other electrical currents. In both cases the magnetic flux present in the air gap of the machine is a crucial component of its overall performance dictating, among other things, torque (and hence machine size) and noise and vibration. Both these particular aspects are of prime importance to designers of electrical propulsion motors for naval applications. The prime aspect of the magnetic flux in the air gap is its shape or profile which has a direct bearing on both torque density and torque pulsations. This paper describes a method to analyse a machine winding through application of Fourier Series to determine the efficacy of the winding with regard to machine excitation. The method is first explained by analysing a conventional winding and then applied to a Fractional Slot Winding and a Dual Winding.
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Garbatov, Yordan, and C. Guedes Soares. "Spatial Corrosion Wastage Modelling of Steel Plates Subjected to Marine Environments." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61751.

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The objective of the present study is to analyse and identify the most suitable corrosion degradation model, fitted with real corrosion depth measurement data sets and to reproduce the corroded steel plate surface as a function of time and spatial distribution using advanced statistical methods. An approach for properly identifying the best fitted model to real corrosion depth measurement data sets is employed. A sequence dependent data analysis is performed based on the fast Fourier transform, which is used as an input for a random field modelling of the corroded steel plate surfaces.
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Zhou, Ziqi, Nicholas Van-Hateren, Sheila Francis, Maria Fragiadaki, and Paul Evans. "BS30 Light sheet imaging to analyse the spatial distribution of proteins in atherosclerotic plaques." In British Cardiovascular Society Virtual Annual Conference, ‘Cardiology and the Environment’, 7–10 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-bcs.228.

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Goodship, Paul. "Can Speed Enhance Our Understanding Of The Role Of Spatial Connectivity? The Creation Of A ‘Spatial-Speed’ Map." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6207.

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Throughout Latin America urban cable-cars have fast become a normal sight with urban transport systems, taking residents and tourists to and from previously isolated locations. As the popularity of these new modes of transport grows, it is important to understand the role spatial connectivity plays in integrating previously segregated communities. This is possible using a Space Syntax methodology to analyse the connectivity of a spatial network. However, this does not taking into account different forms of movement affected by transport or local landscape. Therefore, the aim of this paper to explores the use of ‘speed’ as a measurement to enhance our interpretation of spatial connectivity, through the case of Medellin. ‘Speed’ is used because it provides a clear indication of connection times between different parts of the city and is comparable throughout a variety of conditions, such as transport and walking. An average speed is therefore calculated for each segment of Medellin’s spatial network, including all forms of transport, and is then combined with the results of a standard Space Syntax analysis, forming a hybrid ‘spatial’ and ‘speed’ map. For accuracy, the results are tested against a pedestrian movement survey conducted locally nearby each cable-car station. The findings indicate that by introducing ‘speed’ as a weighted measurement, the overall spatial network of the city is not significantly improved, yet when the area surrounding each cable-car is examined closely, local ‘through’ spaces is clearer, especially when spatial conditions, or the user, is non-standard.
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Ma, Jianxia, Hanqing Ma, Shaoxiong Liu, Yingguang Zhao, and Na Li. "A tool to analyse spatial distribution of science research activities based on toponym resolution in text." In 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5981126.

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Reports on the topic "Spatial analyse"

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Marchais, Gauthier, Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian, and Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts: Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.017.

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This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian, and Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts: Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.048.

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This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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Kranefeld, Robert. Beyond the grid : post-network energy provision in Rwanda. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.53186.

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In many parts of the world, the centralized grid provides energy to the population only to a limited extent. The electrification for sub-Saharan Africa countries is the lowest in the world, representing half of the world's population withoutelectricity. However, during the last years there has been an increased attention to rural areas in the Global South beyond the centralised grid, especially with respect to improved possibilities of solar power systems. The transition from one dominant form of energy provision to various alternatives includes different dimensions and depends on specific socio-spatial contexts. Energy systems are framed within systems of spatial practices, performed by a variety of involved actors, like consumers, local suppliers, international for-profit companies, international development donors as well as national and regional authorities. As such power systems arealways cause and effect of socio-technical change This study takes the example of Rwanda to analyse the marketization of decentralised energy systems. Based on empirical field work with energy entrepreneurs it combines Post-Colonial Theory with Science and Technology-Studies to theorise the role of energy to the social production of space beyond the grid.
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Thiessen, R. L., and J. R. Eliason. Geologic spatial analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6160871.

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Affleck, Rosa T., and Sally A. Shoop. Spatial Analysis of Thaw Depth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392172.

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Crovella, Mark, and Eric Kolaczyk. Graph Wavelets for Spatial Traffic Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442573.

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Stone, Gregory. Discussion & analysis: Spatial reasoning assessment. The Learning Partnership, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/report.2021.2.

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A complete Rasch multi-faceted analysis was performed on the draft Spatial Reasoning Assessment. While the psychometric report presents the complete analysis for the examination, this discussion proceeds step-by-step to understand the way in which the analysis proceeded, and the findings therein. The findings were that holistically, the instrument performed admirably. As a pretest, it is likely that students were not expected to demonstrate certain reasoning skills (e.g., GIS) as indeed they did not. The rating scale functions well to capture the examiner judgement. Overall, the instrument works together as a functional assessment, capturing the general construct of Spatial Reasoning.
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Grunsky, E. Spatial factor analysis: a technique to assess the spatial relationships of multivariate data. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128074.

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Harrell, Krystle. Homelessness in Portland, Oregon: An Analysis of Homeless Campsite Spatial Patterns and Spatial Relationships. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/geogmaster.24.

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Wheelock, David C., Gary A. Wagner, and Thomas A. Garrett. A Spatial Analysis of State Banking Regulation. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2003.044.

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