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Lockwood, Thornton. "Servile Spartans and Free Citizen-soldiers in Aristotle’s Politics 7–8." Apeiron 51, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2016-0055.
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Abstract In the last two books of the Politics, Aristotle articulates an education program for his best regime in contrast to what he takes to be the goal and practices of Sparta’s educational system. Although Aristotle never refers to his program as liberal education, clearly he takes its goal to be the production of free male and female citizens. By contrast, he characterizes the results of the Spartan system as ‘crude’ (φορτικός), ‘slavish’ (ἀνδραποδώδης), and ‘servile’ (βάναυσος). I argue that Aristotle’s criticisms of Spartan education elucidate his general understanding of Sparta and provide an interpretative key to understanding Politics 7–8. But although Aristotle contrasts the goals and methods of Spartan education with that of his own best regime, the citizens of his best regime are more like Spartan citizen-soldiers than Athenian participatory-citizens.
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Rashid, Muhammad, Harish Kumar, Sikandar Zulqarnain Khan, Ismail Bahkali, Ahmed Alhomoud, and Zahid Mehmood. "Throughput/Area Optimized Architecture for Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman Protocol." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084091.
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This paper presents a high-speed and low-area accelerator architecture for shared key generation using an elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman protocol over GF(2233). Concerning the high speed, the proposed architecture employs a two-stage pipelining and a Karatsuba finite field multiplier. The use of pipelining shortens the critical path which ultimately improves the clock frequency. Similarly, the employment of a Karatsuba multiplier decreases the required number of clock cycles. Moreover, an efficient rescheduling of point addition and doubling operations avoids data hazards that appear due to pipelining. Regarding the low area, the proposed architecture computes finite field squaring and inversion operations using the hardware resources of the Karatsuba multiplier. Furthermore, two dedicated controllers are used for efficient control functionalities. The implementation results after place-and-route are provided on Virtex-7, Spartan-7, Artix-7 and Kintex-7 FPGA (field-programmable gate arrays) devices. The utilized FPGA slices are 5102 (on Virtex-7), 5634 (on Spartan-7), 5957 (on Artix-7) and 6102 (on Kintex-7). In addition to this, the time required for one shared-key generation is 31.08 (on Virtex-7), 31.68 (on Spartan-7), 31.28 (on Artix-7) and 32.51 (on Kintex-7). For performance comparison, a figure-of-merit in terms of throughputarea is utilized which shows that the proposed architecture is 963.3 and 2.76 times faster as compared to the related architectures. In terms of latency, the proposed architecture is 302.7 and 132.88 times faster when compared to the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches. The achieved results and performance comparison prove the significance of presented architecture in all those shared key generation applications which require high speed with a low area.
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Rashid, Muhammad, Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi, Sikandar Zulqarnain Khan, Adel R. Alharbi, Asher Sajid, and Amer Aljaedi. "A Novel Low-Area Point Multiplication Architecture for Elliptic-Curve Cryptography." Electronics 10, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212698.
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This paper presents a Point Multiplication (PM) architecture of Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC) over GF(2163) with a focus on the optimization of hardware resources and latency at the same time. The hardware resources are reduced with the use of a bit-serial (traditional schoolbook) multiplication method. Similarly, the latency is optimized with the reduction in a critical path using pipeline registers. To cope with the pipelining, we propose to reschedule point addition and double instructions, required for the computation of a PM operation in ECC. Subsequently, the proposed architecture over GF(2163) is modeled in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) using Vivado Design Suite. To provide a fair performance evaluation, we synthesize our design on various FPGA (field-programmable gate array) devices. These FPGA devices are Virtex-4, Virtex-5, Virtex-6, Virtex-7, Spartan-7, Artix-7, and Kintex-7. The lowest area (433 FPGA slices) is achieved on Spartan-7. The highest speed is realized on Virtex-7, where our design achieves 391 MHz clock frequency and requires 416 μs for one PM computation (latency). For power, the lowest values are achieved on the Artix-7 (56 μW) and Kintex-7 (61 μW) devices. A ratio of throughput over area value of 4.89 is reached for Virtex-7. Our design outperforms most recent state-of-the-art solutions (in terms of area) with an overhead of latency.
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Shuster, Amy L. "The Problem of the Partheniae in Aristotle’s Political Thought." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 28, no. 2 (2011): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000189.
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This article examines Aristotle’s discussion of the Spartan revolt of the Partheniae in Politics V.7. Aristotle appears to use the Partheniae as examples of two sources of instability within so-called aristocracies, but the analysis of this case raises delicate interpretive issues. Sections I–III draw upon surviving accounts of the Parthenian revolt from Antiochus, Ephorus and Myron of Priene in order to illuminate the significance of this example for Aristotle’s ethical and political thought. Section IV reconstructs the state of the Spartan constitution around the time of the revolt in order to understand what Aristotle might have thought about what precipitated the revolt. This article argues that generational politics is at stake in the revolt, and Section V locates the revolt’s politics within its broader historical and cultural context. In the end, this article finds that Aristotle may have intended to leave the interpretation of this example ambiguous due to his own unresolved views towards the politics at stake in this revolt.
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Kalia, Kartik, Khyati Nanda, Arushi Aggarwal, Akshita Goel, and Shivani Malhotra. "Transistor Resizing Based Low Power Thermal Aware Adder Design on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 1098 (April 2015): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1098.37.
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In this work, we are going to search the most thermal and energy efficient technology among 90nm, 65nm, 45nm, 40nm and 38nm technology based FPGA, and also searching the most thermal and energy efficient airflow, and heat sink profile. We are also doing thermal analysis for 273.15K-343.15K temperature. we are getting 31.67%, 75.71%, reduction in leakage power for 250LFM and 58.53%, 75.71% reduction in leakage power for 500LFM when we scale down ambient temperature from 343.15K to 283.15K for 65nm, 28nm technology based FPGA. There is 84.54%, 85.65%, reduction in junction temperature for 250LFM, 84.90%, 85.65%, reduction in junction temperature for 500LFM when we scale down ambient temperature from 343.15K to 283.15K for 65nm, 28nm technology based FPGA. In this work, we are using 90nm Spartan-3E FPGA, 65nm Virtex-5 FPGA, 45nm Spartan-6 FPGA, 40nm Virtex-6 FPGA, and 28nm Artix-7 FPGA. We are taking two different airflow of 250LFM and 500LFM. LFM is a unit of airflow. LFM is linear feet per minute. Adder is our target design.
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Jáuregui, Francisco Plascencia, J. J. Raygoza Panduro, Susana Ortega C., and Edwin Becerra. "Implementación de un circuito custom DSP en FPGAs para cálculo del determinante 3x3, y matriz inversa de matrices ortogonales 3x3." RECIBE, REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE COMPUTACIÓN, INFORMÁTICA, BIOMÉDICA Y ELECTRÓNICA 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2015): E1–1—E1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v4i2.38.
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En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un circuito digital a medida para el cálculo de determinantes de orden 3x3 y matriz inversa de matrices ortogonales 3x3. Se analizan los resultados de la implementación de los circuitos en dos plataformas de familias de dispositivos reconfigurables, estas son Artix 7 y Spartan 6 Low-Power, en los que se comparan la ocupación y los tiempos de respuesta. La descripción del circuito se realizó en Lenguaje de Descripción de Hardware (HDL).
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EL GOURI, Rachid, Wassima Ait Ahmed, Ahmed Lichioui, and Laamari Hlou. "Conception and Implementation of a BCH Code on a FPGA Board." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2, no. 4 (November 28, 2013): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v2i4.1430.
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In this paper we have designed and implemented a BCH (15, 7, 5) encoder on FPGA using VHDL description language and we implanted it on an FPGA Spartan 3E Starter board. The digital logic implementation of binary encoding of multiple error correcting BCH code of length n=15 is organized into shift register circuits. Multiple characteristics of cyclic codes will be discussed further on. The results of the simulation and implementation using Xilinx ISE.12.1 software and the LCD screen on the FPGAs Board will be shown at last.
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Younis, Dr Basma MohammedKamal, and Dua’a Basman Younis. "Fuzzy Image Processing Based Architecture for Contrast Enhancement in Diabetic Retinopathy Images." International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47277/ijceit/12(4)1.
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Diabetic retinopathy” is damage to retina denotes one of the problems of diabetes which is a significant reason for visual infirmity and blindness. A comprehensive and routine eye check is important to early detection and rapid treatment. This study proposes a hardware system that can enhance the contrast in the diabetic retinopathy eye fundus images as a first step in different eye disease diagnoses. The fuzzy histogram equalization technique is proposed to increases the local contrast of Diabetic Retinopathy Images. First, a histogram construction hardware architecture for different image processing purposes has been built then modified with fuzzy techniques to create fuzzy histogram equalization architecture, which is used to enhance the original images. Both architectures are designed using a finite-state machine (FSM) technique and programmed with VHDL programming language. The first one is implemented using two (Spartan 3E-XC3S500 and Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A100T) kits, while the second architecture is implemented using (Spartan 3E-XC3S500) kit. The system consists also of a modified video graphics array (VGA) port to display the input and resulted images with a proper resolution. All the hardware outputs are compared to that results produce from MatLab for verification and the resulted images are tested by PSNR, MSE, ENTROPY ,and AMBE
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Pandey, Bishwajeet, Geetam S. Tomar, Rajina R. Mohamed, D. M. Akbar Hussain, and Amit Kant Pandit. "Energy Efficient Design on 16 nm Ultrascale Plus Architecture Using Static Probability and Toggle Rate." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 5122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9351.
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Scientists in 2010 were using a 40 nanometer Process based FPGA called Virtex-6 and 45 nm Process Technology based FPGA called Spartan-6. After 2010, researchers shifted their focus towards 28 nm technology based 7 series FPGA (Artix-7, Kintex-7, and Virtex-7) due to their intrinsic capability of low power consumption than both 40 nm and 45 nm technology based FPGA. In December, 2013, Xilinx introduced the 20 nm process technology based UltraScale series: Virtex UltraScale and Kintex UltraScale families. But now in 2020, researchers are using 16 nm technology based UltraScale+ FPGA. In our work, we are also using 16 nm technology based UltraScale+ FPGA for implementing our memory using VIVADO 2018.3 hardware programming tool and Verilog Hardware Description Language. There is 49.42%, 25.28% saving in design power on UltraScale+ FPGA when we minimize static probabilities to 0.1 and 0.2 respectively.
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Delamere, C., C. Jakins, and E. Lewars. "Tests for aromaticity applied to the pentalenoquinones A computational study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-164.
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Criteria for aromaticity and antiaromaticity were applied to the four pentalenoquinones, 1,2-, 1,5-, 1,4-, and 1,6-pentalenoquinone, i.e., bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-4,6,8-triene-2,3-dione (7a), bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,5,8-triene-2,7-dione (7b), bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,7-triene-2,6-dione (7c), and bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,6-triene-2,8-dione (7d). Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were done with the pBP/DN* DFT method as implemented in Spartan, and single-point HF/3-21G calculations to obtain Löwdin bond orders (Spartan), as well as HF/6-31G* NICS calculations (Gaussian 98) were also carried out. Geometries and bond orders, chemical hardness, and NICS values gave no definite indication of aromatic or antiaromatic character. However, homodesmotic ring-opening reactions to give acyclic analogues indicated that 7a and 7b are nonaromatic (resonance energies 11 and 5 kJ mol1) while 7c and 7d are antiaromatic (resonance energies 83 and 54 kJ mol1). The resonance energies were obtained with the aid of an estimate of the strain energy of the molecules 7 (86 kJ mol1) by a novel extrapolation procedure on hydropentalenes. Calculated pBP/DN* activation energies for DielsAlder reactions with ethyne and ethene placed 7a and 7b in an "unreactive" class similar to 1,3-butadiene and fulvene, and 7c and 7d in a "reactive" class, similar to cyclopentadienone.Key words: aromaticity, pentalenoquinones, DFT, hardness, NICS, homodesmotic, resonance energy, bicyclo[3.3.0]octatrienediones.
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Gabor, Andreea, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Adina Negrea, Mihaela Ciopec, Cornelia Muntean, Narcis Duteanu, and Petru Negrea. "Sorption properties of Amberlite XAD 7 functionalized with sodium β-glycerophosphate." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 1143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0806.
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Abstract This paper presents the sorption properties of a new adsorbent material prepared by impregnating Amberlite XAD 7 polymer with sodium β-glycerophosphate. For impregnation, the pellicular vacuum solvent vaporization method was employed. The functionalization was evidenced by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The usefulness of this material and its performances were studied for the adsorption of the rare earth element La(III) in batch experiments. The influence of various parameters affecting the adsorption of lanthanum like contact time, initial concentration, pH value, and temperature was studied. The kinetic of the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Sips isotherm was found to be the best fit of the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the functionalized material was of 33.8 mg La(III)/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo, ΔSo) showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The results proved that Amberlite XAD 7 functionalized with sodium β-glycerophosphate is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of La(III) ions from aqueous solutions. Quantum chemistry was performed using Spartan software.
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Lau, O. L. "Tolerance of Three Apple Cultivars to Ultra-low Levels of Oxygen." HortScience 25, no. 11 (November 1990): 1412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1412.
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Tolerance of apples to low levels (0.5%) of O2 was cultivar-dependent. `Spartan' (SP), `Delicious' (RD), and `Golden Delicious' (GD) apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) held for 7 months in 1.0% O2 (with 1.5% CO2) at 0.5C, plus ≈2 months in air at 0C and 7 days in air at 20C, were similar to those held in 1.5% O2. However, incidence of skin injury in fruit held in 0.5% O2 was very high in SP (purple-brown discoloration), low in RD (purple-brown discoloration), but only negligible in GD (lesions). Skin discoloration in SP and RD developed rapidly in air at 20C. Holding in 0.5% O2 improved retention of flesh firmness and juice acidity in GD and, under certain conditions, reduced scald in RD and SP, delayed yellowing in GD, but increased flesh breakdown in SP, flesh browning and alcohol flavor in SP and RD, and core browning in RD.
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Dheeb, Khadija Omran, and Bayan Sabbar. "DIFFERENT FPGA PRODUCTS BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF LTE TURBO CODE." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.3.1.65.
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Abstract —In the long-term evolution (LTE) physical layer, using turbo code is considered as the paramount one in error-correcting coding. This paper presents an implementation of LTE turbo decoding using the Log- Maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm with reduced number of required cycles approximately by 75% based on serial to parallel operation. Also an improvement for this algorithm based on polynomial regression function to reduce the implementation complexity. All this system implementation design with 40 bit block size of the input using Xilinx System Generator (XSG). This system implementation in hardware to show its applicability in real time using two approaches; Hardware Co-Simulation and HDL Netlist based on three devices, Xilinx Kintex-7, Spartan-6 and Artix-7. Observe from the hardware implementation, the system become completely real time by controlled from the user using the switches on the board. Also, this system taken the resources utilization from the devices less than other works.
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WHITBY, MICHAEL. "(T.J.) Figueira (ed.) Spartan Society. Pp. xvi + 389. Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, 2004. Cased. ISBN: 0-9543845-7-1." Classical Review 56, no. 1 (March 24, 2006): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x05000788.
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Bharatiraja, C., Harshavardhan Reddy, Sunkavalli Satya Sai Suma, and N. SriRamsai. "FPGA Based Design and Validation of Asymmetrical Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp340-348.
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This paper proposes a new Asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of switches. This topology is superior to the existing multilevel inverter (MLI) configurations in terms of lower total harmonic distortion (THD) value and lower cost. The idea incorporates a new module setup comprising of four different voltage sources having voltage output levels in a specific ratio. The proposed topology uses a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) technique (as presented) to control the gating pulses. The operation is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and its results are validated through FPGA Spartan 3 based hardware prototype inverter (using three voltage sources to produce a 7 level output, which may be extended to 15 level). The circuit complexity is drastically reduced and it is suitable for medium and high power applications. THD for the output is quite low when compared with the conventional inverter.
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D, Karthikeyan, Vijayakumar K, and Jagabar M. "Generalized Cascaded Symmetric and Level Doubling Multilevel Converter Topology with Reduced THD for Photovoltaic Applications." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161.
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In this paper, two different converter topologies for a basic new switched capacitor diode converter with a reduced number of power electronics components, suitable for grid connected photovoltaic applications were proposed. The two different structures of switched diode multilevel converter proposed were: (i) cascaded switched diode and (ii) cascaded switched diode with doubling circuit. The switched-diode multilevel converter was compared with other recent converters. In addition, a new dc offset nearest level modulation technique was proposed. This proposed dc offset technique offers low voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and high RMS output voltage. The proposed modulation technique was compared with conventional nearest level modulation (NLM) and modified NLM control techniques. The performance of the proposed dc offset modulation technique was implemented using a FPGA Spartan 3E controller and tested with a novel switched capacitor-diode multilevel converter. However, to prove the authenticity of the switched-diode multilevel converter and modulation technique, a laboratory-based prototype model for 7-level and 13-level converters was developed.
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Peetermans, Adriaan, Vladimir Rožić, and Ingrid Verbauwhede. "Design and Analysis of Configurable Ring Oscillators for True Random Number Generation Based on Coherent Sampling." ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems 14, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3433166.
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True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are indispensable in modern cryptosystems. Unfortunately, to guarantee high entropy of the generated numbers, many TRNG designs require a complex implementation procedure, often involving manual placement and routing. In this work, we introduce, analyse, and compare three dynamic calibration mechanisms for the COherent Sampling ring Oscillator based TRNG: GateVar , WireVar , and LUTVar , enabling easy integration of the entropy source into complex systems. The TRNG setup procedure automatically selects a configuration that guarantees the security requirements. In the experiments, we show that two out of the three proposed mechanisms are capable of assuring correct TRNG operation even when an automatic placement is carried out and when the design is ported to another Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) family. We generated random bits on both a Xilinx Spartan 7 and a Microsemi SmartFusion2 implementation that, without post processing, passed the AIS-31 statistical tests at a throughput of 4.65 Mbit/s and 1.47 Mbit/s, respectively.
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Jiang, Shan, Emi Terasawa, Viviana Garcia Horton, Rajeev Ayyagari, A. Reginald Waldeck, Susan Halabi, and Neal D. Shore. "Safety outcomes of darolutamide versus apalutamide and enzalutamide in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC): Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 5561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.5561.
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5561 Background: Randomized nmCRPC trials comparing darolutamide (D), apalutamide (A) and enzalutamide (E) have not been reported. Safety of these therapeutics has important implications in assessing patient risk-benefit concerns. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) is a method to perform indirect treatment comparisons adjusting for cross-trial heterogeneity. Objective: To compare the safety outcomes of D vs. A or E using MAIC. Methods: Data from the ARAMIS (D vs. placebo [PBO]), SPARTAN (A vs. PBO) and PROSPER (E vs. PBO) trials were used. Key safety outcomes including adverse events (AEs) that have central nervous system relevance were compared using anchored MAIC. Individual patient level data (IPD) from ARAMIS were selected and re-weighted to match the inclusion criteria and baseline characteristics published in SPARTAN and PROSPER (no access to their IPD). The Benjamini-Hochberg approach was applied to adjust for multiplicity. The D vs A MAIC matched on 7 covariates: age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and doubling time, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), Gleason score, bone-sparing agent use and prior surgery. Sensitivity analyses were conducted matching on different sets of covariates. D vs. E were matched on age, region, PSA level and doubling time, ECOG, Gleason score and bone-sparing agent use. Risk difference (RD) ([DARO – PBOARAMIS] – [ENZA – PBOPROSPER]) and odds ratio (OR) (ORARAMIS/ORPROSPER) were calculated. RD<0 or OR<1 indicate lower AE risk for D. Results: For D vs. A, the effective sample sizes (ESS) of D and its placebo (PBO) arm were 604 and 391 after matching. Fall, fracture, and rash were statistically significantly lower for D vs. A (Table). For D vs. E, the ESS of D and PBO arm were 580 and 395, respectively. Fall, dizziness, mental impairment, hypertension, fatigue and severe fatigue were statistically significantly lower for D vs. E. Conclusions: After adjusting for trial differences, D showed favorable safety profile in fall, dizziness, mental-impairment, hypertension, rash, fatigue, and fracture. [Table: see text]
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Della Sala, Riccardo, Davide Bellizia, and Giuseppe Scotti. "A Novel Ultra-Compact FPGA PUF: The DD-PUF." Cryptography 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography5030023.
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In this paper, we present a novel ultra-compact Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) architecture and its FPGA implementation. The proposed Delay Difference PUF (DD-PUF) is the most dense FPGA-compatible PUF ever reported in the literature, allowing the implementation of two PUF bits in a single slice and provides very good values for all the most important figures of merit. The architecture of the proposed PUF exploits the delay difference between two nominally identical signal paths and the metastability features of D-Latches with an asynchronous reset input. The DD-PUF has been implemented on both Xilinx Spartan-6 and Artix-7 devices and the resulting design flows which allow to accurately balance the nominal delay of the different signal paths is outlined. The circuits have been extensively tested under temperature and supply voltage variations and the results of our evaluations on both FPGA families have shown that the proposed architecture and implementation are able to fit in just 32 Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs) without sacrificing steadiness, uniqueness and uniformity, thus outperforming most of the previously published FPGA-compatible PUFs.
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Greene, George M. "Effective Vegetative Growth Control of Apples with BAS 125W." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 598b—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.598b.
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When applied as a dilute spray (at 125 and 250 ppm), BAS 125W effectively reduced shoot extension growth on `York' Imperial (YI) and `Spartan' (S) apple trees but was less effectively on `Delicious' (D). In 1994, lateral shoot growth of YI/M.26 trees (1 to 2 m tall) from 10 May to 7 July was reduced (35 vs. 7 cm) by sprays applied on May 13. The initial surge of growth by vertical shoots was suppressed by the treatments (16 vs. 35 cm), but there was more regrowth (6.5 vs. 0.5 cm). Some leaf injury was seen on YI. The 1995 experiments were conducted on S/M.111 and D/M.111 in an orchard spaced 3.7 m by 7.3 m. On S, lateral shoot length on five dates from 7 June to 20 Sept. was reduced by the sprays (44 vs. 32 cm on 20 Sept.). The initial surge of growth by vertical shoots was suppressed by the treatments (30 vs. 85 cm), but there was more regrowth (34 vs. 4 cm). There were fewer apples that were <25% red and more that were 25% to 40% and 66% to 85% red. On D, lateral shoot length on five dates from 7 June to 20 Sept. was reduced by the sprays (51 vs. 38 cm on 20 Sept.). The growth of vertical shoots was not influenced by the treatments, possibly due to a light fruit load in the tops of the trees. Growers viewing the 1995 plots estimated enhanced income of $933/ha for D and $780/ha for S.
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Shi, Yan, and C. R. Rom. "EVALUATION OF APPLE CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO FOUR BITTER ROT PATHOGENS." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 431a—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.431a.
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Fifty apple cultivars and 30 Malus species were evaluated for resistance to four isolates of bitter rot pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, in controlled conditions. Fruit were wound-inoculated by placing 0.1 ml of inoculum (106 conidia/ml) into puncture wounds (2 mm in diameter), and intact fruit were inoculated by spraying with inoculum. Inoculated fruit were incubated at 25 to 28C for 2 weeks. `Golden Delicious' (susceptible) and `Red Delicious' (resistant) were used as controls. Diseases were quantified by measuring lesion diameter, and disease severity was objectively rated. Relative lesion diameter and severity rating were calculated as [X × 100/RD – 100] and (X – RD) × 100/7 (X = parameter of given cultivar or species, RD = parameter of `Red Delicious') to determine relative resistance. Conclusions were as follows: 1) different levels of resistance were identified in apple cultivars and Malus species and also were detected within `Golden Delicious' and `Red Delicious' types; 2) `Jonagold', `Oregon Spur II', `Spartan', `Melrose', `Red Cort', `Jonafree', `VPI-9', and `Red Delicious showed good relative resistant; 3) M. halliana, angustifolia, prunifolia, sylvestris, and fusca were more resistant than `Delicious'; 4) M. angustifolia was immune to two isolates of C. acutatum.
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Kajur, Renuka, and K. V. Prasad. "Design and analysis of optimized CORDIC based GMSK system on FPGA platform." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 4679. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4679-4686.
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The Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is one of the best suited digital modulation schemes in the global system for mobile communication (GSM) because of its constant envelop and spectral efficiency characteristics. Most of the conventional GMSK approaches failed to balance the digital modulation with efficient usage of spectrum. In this article, the hardware architecture of the optimized CORDIC-based GMSK system is designed, which includes GMSK Modulation with the channel and GMSK Demodulation. The modulation consists of non-return zero (NRZ) encoder, an integrator followed by Gaussian filtering and frequency modulation (FM). The GMSK demodulation consists of FM demodulator, followed by differentiation and NRZ decoder. The FM Modulation and demodulation use the optimized CORDIC model for an In-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) phase generation. The optimized CORDIC is designed by using quadrant mapping and pipelined structure to improve the hardware and computational complexity in GMSK systems. The GMSK system is designed on the Xilinx platform and implemented on Artix-7 and Spartan-3EFPGA. The hardware constraints like area, power, and timing utilization are summarized. The comparison of the optimized CORDIC model with similar CORDIC approaches is tabulated with improvements.
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Sakshi and Ravi Kumar. "A Novel Design and FPGA Implementation of Filters Adapted Using LMS Variants." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 08 (April 12, 2018): 1850125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501256.
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Adaptive filters have wide range of applications in areas such as echo or interference cancellation, prediction and system identification. Due to high computational complexity of adaptive filters, their hardware implementation is not an easy task. However, it becomes essential in many cases where real-time execution is needed. This paper presents the design and hardware implementation of a variable step size 40 order adaptive filter for de-noising acoustic signals. To ensure an area efficient implementation, a novel structure is being proposed. The proposed structure eliminates the requirement of extra registers for storage of delayed inputs thereby reducing the silicon area. The structure is compared with direct-form and transposed-form structures by adapting the filter coefficients using four different variants of the least means square (LMS) algorithm. Subsequently, the filters are implemented on three different field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) viz. Spartan 6, Virtex 6 and Virtex 7 to find out the best device family that can be used to implement an Adaptive noise canceller (ANC) by comparing speed, power and area utilization. The synthesis results clearly reveal that ANC designed using the proposed structure has resulted in a reduction in silicon area without incurring any significant overhead in terms of power or delay.
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Nsalo Kong, Darryl Franck, Chong Shen, Chuan Tian, and Kun Zhang. "A New Low-Cost Acoustic Beamforming Architecture for Real-Time Marine Sensing: Evaluation and Design." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080868.
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This paper mainly studies the performance of an acoustic beamforming technique applied to a low-cost hydrophone in a linear array of two to four elements for the detection and localization of underwater acoustic sound waves. It also evaluates the integration of the array in an energy-efficient real-time monitoring system architecture, allowing marine sensing to be conducted without human intervention. Such architecture would consist of vertical linear arrays of two or four RHSA-10 hydrophones models attached to a buoy or a vessel for sound detection; a frequency domain beamformer (FDB) technique implemented in a Xilinx Spartan-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) for sound source localization; a LoRa wireless sensor network mote to provide convenient access from a base center. The architecture aims to alleviate sea traffic control for countries that lack the financial resources to properly address illegal fishing or piracy issues, mostly committed in small fast motorized boats. In our experiment, the sound waves emitted by a small motorized boat were successfully detected and tracked by three data acquisitions at a 1 km range. It is demonstrated that a system using a small number of hydrophones is capable of producing robust accuracy over a large band frequency in the presence of noise interference.
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Mahalat, Mahabub Hasan, Suraj Mandal, Anindan Mondal, Bibhash Sen, and Rajat Subhra Chakraborty. "Implementation, Characterization and Application of Path Changing Switch based Arbiter PUF on FPGA as a lightweight Security Primitive for IoT." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491212.
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Secure authentication of any Internet-of-Things (IoT) device becomes the utmost necessity due to the lack of specifically designed IoT standards and intrinsic vulnerabilities with limited resources and heterogeneous technologies. Despite the suitability of arbiter physically unclonable function (APUF) among other PUF variants for the IoT applications, implementing it on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is challenging. This work presents the complete characterization of the path changing switch (PCS) 1 based APUF on two different families of FPGA, like Spartan-3E (90 nm CMOS) and Artix-7 (28 nm CMOS). A comprehensive study of the existing tuning concept for programmable delay logic (PDL) based APUF implemented on FPGA is presented, leading to establishment of its practical infeasibility. We investigate the entropy, randomness properties of the PCS based APUF suitable for practical applications, and the effect of temperature variation signifying the adequate tolerance against environmental variation. The XOR composition of PCS based APUF is introduced to boost performance and security. The robustness of the PCS based APUF against machine learning based modeling attack is evaluated, showing similar characteristics as the conventional APUF. Experimental results validate the efficacy of PCS based APUF with a little hardware footprint removing the paucity of lightweight security primitive for IoT.
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Tynymbayev, Sakhybay, Margulan Ibraimov, Timur Namazbayev, and Sergiy Gnatyuk. "Development of pipelined polynomial multiplier modulo irreducible polynomials for cryptosystems." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 4 (115) (February 25, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.251913.
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In this paper, we consider a schematic solution of the pipeline multiplier modulo, where multiplication begins with the analysis of the lowest order of the polynomial multiplier, which can serve as an operating unit for high-speed encryption and decryption of data by hardware implementation of cryptosystems based on a non-positional polynomial notation. The functional diagram of the pipeline and the structure of its logical blocks, as well as an example of performing the operation of multiplying polynomials modulo, are given. The correct functioning of the developed circuit was checked by modeling in the Vivado Design Suite computer-aided design for the implementation of the multiplication device on the development/evaluation kit Artix-7 based on the Spartan 6 field-programmable gate array series by Xilinx. The effectiveness of the proposed hardware pipeline multiplier in modulo is confirmed by the Verilog Testbench timing diagram implemented for the evaluation kit Artix-7 field-programmable gate array. In addition, the developed pipelined modulo multiplier takes no more than 0.02 % of the resources of the used field-programmable gate array for a given length of input data. Compared to the matrix multiplication method, a pipelined modulo multiplier can handle a large data stream without waiting for the result of the previous multiplication step. The modulo pipelined multiplier depth depends on the bit width of the input data. The developed pipeline device can be used in digital computing devices operating in a polynomial system of residue classes, as well as for high-speed data encryption in blocks of cipher processors operating on the basis of a non-positional polynomial number system.
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Roy, James. "SPARTAN ROADS - (Y.A.) Pikoulas Τὸ ὁδικὸ δίκτυο τῆς Λακωνικῆς (The Road-network of Lakonikē). Pp. 708 + dvd, ills, maps. Athens: Horos, 2012. Cased, €100. ISBN: 978-960-85691-5-7." Classical Review 64, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x14001395.
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Marshall, Catherine Handy, Wei Fu, Hao Wang, Bruce J. Trock, and Mario A. Eisenberger. "Outcomes of men with recurrent M0 prostate cancer who defer androgen deprivation therapy until metastasis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 5016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.5016.
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5016 Background: Optimal timing and criteria for implementation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with relapsed M0 prostate cancer (PCa) remains undefined. Early ADT induces the non-metastatic castration resistant PCa (nmCRPC) clinical state. FDA approved apalutamide (SPARTAN) and enzalutamide (PROSPER) for nmCRPC based on prolongation of metastasis free survival (MFS) which is now considered a valid endpoint for drug approval. Because overall survival (OS) in PCa is usually long and long-term ADT is associated with irreversible adverse events and high costs, we sought to evaluate OS and other outcomes of men with relapsed PCa and ADT deferred until metastasis. Methods: Retrospective review of 2,636 men who had radical prostatectomy (RP) between 1981-2017 and developed biochemically recurrent PCa from a single-institution. Patients who received ADT prior to metastasis were excluded. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of MFS and OS were defined from RP to event or censor. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify prognostic factors. Results: 1,686 men treated with deferred ADT until metastasis or censored metastasis-free were eligible. Medians: follow up 10 years (IQR5-16), age 60 years, PSADT 33 months, Gleason < 7 (24%), Gleason 7 (55%), Gleason > 7 (21%). 688 (41%) received salvage radiotherapy. Median MFS and OS were 21 and 22 years, respectively (Table). In multivariable models, age (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.1), Gleason < 8 vs ≥8 (HR 0.4; 0.3-0.5) , RP stage (organ confined vs not 0.6; 0.5-0.8), PSADT (0.995, 0.993-0.997) and salvage RT (0.88; 0.81, 0.96) were associated with OS. Conclusions: Deferred ADT in relapsing M0 patients is associated with long OS measured from time of local treatment, comparable to OS with salvage ADT in contemporary experience. Drug approval trials in nmCRPC should focus on patients at high risk for metastasis and death prior to ADT, and determine standardized criteria for initiation of ADT. Prolongation of MFS in nmCRPC requires further validation and may not necessarily reflect a net OS benefit. [Table: see text]
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Abdul-Jabbar, Jassim, Zahraa Abede, and Akram Dawood. "A Multiplier-less Implementation of Two-Dimensional Circular-Support Wavelet Transform on FPGA." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.9.1.2.
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In this paper, a two-dimensional (2-D) circular-support wavelet transform (2-D CSWT) is presented. 2-D CSWT is a new geometrical image transform, which can efficiently represent images using 2-D circular spectral split schemes (circularlydecomposed frequency subspaces). 2-D all-pass functions and lattice structure are used to produce 1-level circular symmetric 2-D discrete wavelet transform with approximate linear phase 2-D filters. The classical one-dimensional (1-D) analysis Haar filter bank branches H0(z) and H1(z) which work as low-pass and high-pass filters, respectively are transformed into their 2-D counterparts H0(z1,z2) and H1(z1,z2) by applying a circular-support version of the digital spectral transformation (DST). The designed 2-D wavelet filter bank is realized in a separable architecture. The proposed architecture is simulated using Matlab program to measure the deflection ratio (DR) of the high frequency coefficient to evaluate its performance and compare it with the performance of the classical 2-D wavelet architecture. The correlation factor between the input and reconstructed images is also calculated for both architectures. The FPGA (Spartan-3E) Kit is used to implement the resulting architecture in a multiplier-less manner and to calculate the die area and the critical path or maximum frequency of operation. The achieved multiplier-less implementation takes a very small area from FPGA Kit (the die area in 3-level wavelet decomposition takes 300 slices with 7% occupation ratio only at a maximum frequency of 198.447 MHz).
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Bright, David R., Michael E. Klepser, Logan Murry, and Donald G. Klepser. "Pharmacist-Provided Pharmacogenetic Point-of-Care Testing Consultation Service: A Time and Motion Study." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 34, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122518756651.
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Background: With recent advances in pharmacogenomics (PGx) comes the potential to customize medication use based on genetic data. Support for PGx has found practical limitations in terms of workflow and turnaround time of a test. However, with the expansion of point-of-care testing (POCT) in pharmacy practice models comes opportunity for PGx testing in the pharmacy setting. Objective: The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of time spent during each step of a PGx POCT encounter in a community pharmacy setting. Methods: A time and motion study was conducted using a mock community pharmacy space for a simulated PGx-focused encounter to manage antiplatelet therapy following hospital discharge. PGx POCT was conducted using the Spartan RX instrument. Simulated patient encounters were divided into 7 categories. Time spent in each step, as well as total time spent, was tracked. Results: A total of 54 simulated PGx POCT encounters took place with an average time of 9.49 minutes (SD ± 1.38 minutes). Instrument run time adds 60 minutes to the total time required to obtain a result. Duties that could be performed by an appropriately trained pharmacy technician totaled 6.86 minutes. Conclusions: PGx POCT would require 9.49 minutes of pharmacy staff hands-on time for the encounter, which could be reduced to 2.64 minutes of pharmacist time with appropriate pharmacy technician involvement. Time requirements for PGx POCT are similar to that of community pharmacy–based immunizations. Future studies could explore how practice could change if PGx testing were routinely performed in the pharmacy.
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Devyatov, A. S. "Growth and Fruiting of Apple Trees on Dwarf and Semi-dwarf Rootstocks in Different High-density Orchards." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 473B—473. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.473b.
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An orchard trial was established by planting an orchard with between-row intervals of 4 m. The French Axe was trained for trees with intervals in the row of 1 and 1.5 m. The hedgerow was used for treatments of 2–2.5 and 3 m between trees in the row. Semi-dwarf rootstock of Bud54-118 and dwarf one Bud62-396 were used. The growth of of these rootstocks was analogous to MM106 and M26, respectively. The trunk cross-sectional area of 7-year trees on 54-118 rootstock was 2.3 times more than on 62-396 for cv. Antey and 1.5 times more for cv. Tellisaare. The height of tree with French Axe crown at 7 years after planting on 54-118 rootstock reached 3.5–4 m. The height of tree was 0.5 m smaller on 62-396. The crown habit of tree on 62-396 rootstock was more comfortable for high -density orchard than trees on 54-118. The sum length of twigs that were cut out during 1993–96 to attain of normal density of crown was 2-4 times more than on 62-396 rootstock. Commercial fruiting of cv. Antey started at the 3rd leaf, but it was on 4th leaf for the more-dwarf rootstock 62-396. Average yield of fruit at 3–6 years after planting of cv. Antey for treatment of distance between trees in the row of 2 or 1.5 m was 6.8 kg/tree per year-1 for 54-118 rootstock, 3.4 and 3.5, respectively, for 62-396 rootstock. Yield at the 7th year after planting reached 24 and 32 kg on 54-118 rootstock, 16 and 15 kg on 62-396, respectively. Analogous date obtained for cv. Tellisa are. cv. Spartan on both rootstocks started to fruiting at 5-6 years after planting. The fruit quality was very high in all treatments of the trial.
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Espinoza, Luis R. "Spartan annual meeting: Denver, Colorado." Clinical Rheumatology 35, no. 6 (April 13, 2016): 1413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-016-3260-7.
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Gagnon, Richard, Nimira S. Alimohamed, Alexander Watson, Eugene Batuyong, Alyssa Chow, and Richard M. Lee-Ying. "Retrospective cohort analysis of real-world clinical outcomes in nonmetastatic (M0) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.51.
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51 Background: The landscape of M0 CRPC has changed with the recent demonstration of metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) improvements with the use of ARPIs in clinical trial settings. However, the extrapolation of this data to clinical practice is limited by strict exclusion criteria in these trials, including prior or concurrent malignancy, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess real-world outcomes in patients with M0 CRPC treated with ARPIs compared to historical controls. Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study with the inclusion of patients in Alberta, Canada diagnosed with M0 CRPC between 2001-2020. Via chart review, we identified baseline characteristics, potential confounders, treatment details, and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was MFS. Secondary outcomes included: second progression-free survival (PFS2) and OS. Median survival times were measured using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for comparison of outcomes based on ARPI exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) accounting for impact of PSA doubling time (PSADT), use of osteoclast inhibiting agents, and presence of pelvic lymphadenopathy. Results: We identified 211 patients across multiple centres in Alberta with M0 CRPC, with 54 having received apalutamide (40/54), enzalutamide (7/54), or darolutamide (7/54). Median age at M0 CRPC diagnosis was 74 years; median PSADT was 4.4 months; and 19% of patients (40/211) had pelvic lymphadenopathy at diagnosis. Median MFS in patients treated with ARPIs was 47.5 months compared to 20.6 months in those not treated with ARPIs (HR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.49; p < 0.001). Median PFS2 in ARPI treated patients was 66.3 months compared with 35.6 months (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.87; p = 0.022). Median OS for patients treated with ARPI was not reached. Conclusions: Given the older age of men with advanced prostate cancer, real-world outcomes that include patients with comorbidities are important adjuncts to the interpretation of clinical trials exploring the benefit of novel therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that in a real-world, unselected population of men with M0 CRPC, apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide seem to confer similar MFS and PFS2 benefits to those demonstrated in the SPARTAN, PROSPER, and ARAMIS studies. Real-world OS data remain immature and will be an important addition to these findings.
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El Rassi, Fuad A., Deepika S. Darbari, Arthur Burnett, Jincy Paulose, Dramane I. Laine, Das Purkayastha, and Gregory J. Kato. "A Prospective Phase II, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SEG101 (Crizanlizumab) in Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Priapism (SPARTAN)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125790.
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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common single-gene disorder in African Americans and can lead to complications, including acute pain and chronic organ damage. Approximately 40% of men with SCD experience priapism, a clinical disorder characterized by prolonged, painful penile erection in the absence of sexual stimulation. Vaso-occlusion-induced ischemia is generally thought to account for SCD-associated priapism. Crizanlizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds P-selectin and blocks interaction with its ligands (including leukocyte PSGL-1). Crizanlizumab significantly decreased vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) leading to healthcare visit vs placebo, and was well tolerated in SUSTAIN, a phase 2 study in adults with SCD. This SPARTAN study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravenous (IV) crizanlizumab 5 mg/kg in reducing priapic events in patients with SCD and a history of priapism utilizing a modern electronic reporting system. Electronic reporting tools have advantages over the paper format in regards to accuracy of and compliance in recording PROs (Stone et al, 2003). The study design and details of PRO collection methods are presented here. Study Design and Methods: This is a Phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single arm study of crizanlizumab in male patients aged ≥16 years with SCD-related priapism. The study will consist of 14 weeks prescreening, 12 weeks screening, and 52 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint is percent reduction from baseline of priapic events frequency (unwanted/painful erection lasting >60 minutes) by 26 weeks. It is expected that crizanlizumab treatment reduces priapic events by ≥ 25% in SCD patients with priapism by 26 weeks. Demonstration of significant percent reduction from baseline in priapic events will be evaluated statistically. Priapic events will be self-reported in real time via a restricted and secure study-issued smart watch and smart phone with a study-specific digital application (app). The patient records the start of a priapic event using a button on the pin code-protected app, which triggers a report in a database, creates a date/time stamp, and records the patient's identification. The patient is then prompted to complete an event reporting survey in one of three ways: using the app on the watch/phone, by a personal call with an operator, or by paper diary. Event reporting surveys will record priapic event occurrences, time and length of events, how the event was relieved, if there was a trigger, and the patient-reported pain at its worst during the event (scale of 0-10). Paper diaries are available as a back-up. Secondary endpoints include safety, as well as the following outcomes at 26 and 52 weeks: rate of priapic events, percent reduction in ≥4-hour erections requiring an ER visit, rate of VOC at 26 and 52 weeks, rate of uncomplicated VOC events, and rate of complicated crises. Approximately 56 patients are planned to be enrolled across 28 sites. Eligible patients must be ≥ 16 years old, have ≥4 events during prescreening, ≥3 during screening with 1 event occurring within 4 weeks prior to first treatment. Patients will be treated with IV crizanlizumab 5 mg/kg on the first day of Week 1, Week 3 (loading dose), Week 7, and then every 4 weeks until final treatment at Week 51. Primary analysis will be conducted after patients receive 26 weeks of treatment. Mandatory safety follow-ups will be conducted until 15 weeks after last dose. Patient feedback was considered and incorporated into the trial design. Results: This Phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03938454) has been successfully designed and approved by the institutional review board. Trial is ongoing. Conclusions: This study, which incorporates electronic PRO collection methods, has been designed to address the unmet treatment need in male patients >16 years old with SCD-related priapism. Figure 1. SPARTAN Study Design Disclosures Darbari: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hilton Publishing: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Other: one day advisory board meeting . Paulose:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Laine:Novartis: Employment. Purkayastha:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kato:Novartis, Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding.
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Snider, G., C. L. Weagle, R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, K. Conrad, D. Cunningham, C. Gordon, et al. "SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (July 23, 2014): 7569–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-7569-2014.
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Abstract. Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-global scales, but there are limitations and outstanding questions about the accuracy and precision with which ground-level aerosol mass concentrations can be inferred from satellite remote sensing alone. A key source of uncertainty is the global distribution of the relationship between annual average PM2.5 and discontinuous satellite observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations designed to evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates for application in health effects research and risk assessment. This Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) includes a global federation of ground-level monitors of hourly PM2.5 situated primarily in highly populated regions and collocated with existing ground-based sun photometers that measure AOD. The instruments, a three-wavelength nephelometer and impaction filter sampler for both PM2.5 and PM10, are highly autonomous. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations are inferred from the combination of weighed filters and nephelometer data. Data from existing networks were used to develop and evaluate network sampling characteristics. SPARTAN filters are analyzed for mass, black carbon, water-soluble ions, and metals. These measurements provide, in a variety of global regions, the key data required to evaluate and enhance satellite-based PM2.5 estimates used for assessing the health effects of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations across sites vary by an order of magnitude. Initial measurements indicate that the AOD column to PM2.5 ratio is driven temporally primarily by the vertical profile of aerosol scattering; and spatially by a~ more complex interaction of the aerosol scattering vertical profile and by the mass scattering efficiency.
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Sukhorukov, A. F., and A. A. Sukhorukov. "Adaptive potential of winter wheatparent materlal in the middle Volga region." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-2627201923-6.
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The examination results of adaptability of 14 soft winter wheat varieties of native breeding and 29 lines of breeding are presented. The stress-resistant varieties with the greatest adaptive capabilities diapason are Spartak, Marathon, Esaul, Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya, line L. 351-04 ya0-19-7. According to the average yield in contrasting conditions the following varieties are stood out: Vjuga is 5,85 t/ha, Severodonetskaya Ubileinaya is 5,88 t/ha, Basis is 5,82 t/ha, Zimnitsa is 5, 62 t/ha, lines are 679 Sv-93 6,28 t/ha, L.351-04- ya0-19-7 6,01 t/ha. The Basis, Vjuga, Zimnitsa varieties demonstrated the maximum yield in favorable conditions during the experiment: Basis is 7,78 t/ha, Vjuga is 8,25 t/ha, Zimnitsa"is 7,93 t/ha. The varieties exceeded the standard in unfavorable conditions by 1,16 t/ha, 0,73 t/ha, 0, 62 t/ha. According to the drought tolerance index the Spartak, Severodonetskaya Ubileinaya, Esaul, Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya "varieties are stood out. The studied varieties under non-stressful conditions exceeded the first class wheat norm by the falling-number value (250-396 s.). The falling-number decreased to 79 s. under the stressful conditions. The mass fraction of protein and gluten in the grain of the most studied soft winter wheat varieties are of low stability. The mass fraction of protein in the grain decreased to 10,4% under the unfavorable conditions. The mass fraction of wet gluten decreased to 17,4%. It is 61,9 and 52,6% of the level of a favorable year for the formation of grain quality. The Birusa and Vjuga varieties have the most stable indicators of the grain quality. The falling-number of the Birusa variety under the unfavorable conditions is 316 s, of the Vjuga variety is 395 s, the mass fraction of protein is 14,5 and 14,0%, of wet gluten is 28,2 and 30,0% correspondingly.
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Saeed, Azzad Bader. "Elevator controller based on implementing a random access memory in FPGA." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1053-1062.
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Previous techniques of elevator controllers suffer from two main challenges: processing time, and software size. In this work these challenges have been overcame by implementing a controller random access memory (RAM) in a fast FPGA for a proto-type of two-floors elevator, as known the RAM and FPGA are fast devices. A look-up-table LUT (which is fast technique) has been proposed for this work, this LUT has represented a proposed relation between 10 and 7 lines, the states of the sensors and switches have been represented by the 10 input lines, and the commands for the motors of slide door and traction machine have been represented by the 7 output lines. The proposed LUT has been schematically realize by a (10×7) bits RAM which has been implemented in field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The proposed system has been performed using 'ISE Design Suit' software package and FPGA Spartan6 SP-605 evaluation kit, the clock frequency of this FPGA is 200 MHz which is respectively high. The processing time and software size of the proposed controller had reached to 20ns and 3.75 MB, which they are less than that obtained from the results of previous techniques.
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Amer Abbas, Yasir, Razali Jidin, Norziana Jamil, Muhammad Reza Z’aba, and Mohamad Afendee Mohamed. "Photon: a new mix columns architecture on FPGA." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.14 (April 6, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.14.12814.
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Lightweight cryptography is an important element in smart devices that require data security as one of the features. These smart devices utilize cryptography when transferring sensitive data. Most of the smart devices are resource constrained devices and thus possess limited computing capability and low memory space. The PHOTON hash function algorithm is a promising lightweight cryptography approach for resource-constrained devices. It has a complex operation called MixColumns. This paper presents a new MixColumns architecture for PHOTON implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. In our design, the number of complex multiplication opera-tions is reduced by utilizing comparators that are based on four-bit Galois operations. The efficient PHOTON hardware design was coded using a very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language, VHDL. The design was successfully synthesized, mapped, simu-lated and tested on two FPGA evaluation boards namely, Sparten3 and Artix-7. The results show that the proposed design achieve a throughput of 582 Mbps and an efficiency of 1.55 Gbps/slice for Spartan3, while a throughput of 1.41 Gbps and efficiency of 8.66 Gbps/slice are obtained for Artix-7. The performance on both platforms has superseded performance of existing implementations in litera-ture.
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Williams, Zaria, Steven J. Hardy, Carly Berger, Danielle Griffin, Hannah Weisman, Hua Liang, and Deepika S. Darbari. "Cognitive and Emotional Factors and Pain-Related Outcomes in Youth with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141969.
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Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience acute episodes of pain that may require visits to emergency department (ED) or hospitalizations. SCD is associated with cognitive deficits that are particularly evident in domains of executive functioning (e.g., attention, working memory). Many patients/parents also report emotional concerns related to SCD. It is not known the degree to which these concerns impact disease self-management and healthcare utilization. This study investigated cognitive and emotional factors as contributors to pain-related healthcare utilization (visits to ED and hospitalizations) in children with SCD. The cohort included 112 youth with SCD (all genotypes) between ages 7-16 years who received care at Children's National Hospital in Washington, DC. Measures of socioeconomic status (e.g., parent education, family income, 1- vs. 2-parent households), cognitive abilities, and emotional functioning were extracted from an existing database of participants who had previously enrolled in the IRB approved study of computerized working memory training. Cognitive measures included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) Full Scale IQ and attention, working memory, and executive functioning tests from Cogstate, a computerized cognitive assessment. Emotional functioning was measured using the Worry 1 (i.e., anxiety about SCD) and Emotions (i.e., frustration and anger about SCD) domains of both the child- and parent-rated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Sickle Cell Disease Module. Healthcare utilization was measured through chart review, separated into ED visits for pain and hospitalizations for pain 1 year and 3 years after enrollment. The mean age of participants was 10.61 (SD=2.91) year with majority being females (n=65; 58%). Eighty-three (74%) had sickle cell anemia (HbSS or HbSβ0 thalassemia). The median number of ED visits for pain was 1 visit (IQR=2) across 1 year after enrollment and 3 visits (IQR=6) across 3 years after enrollment. The median number of hospital admissions for pain was 0 admissions (IQR=1) across 1 year after enrollment and 1 admission (IQR=4) across 3 years after enrollment (pain hospitalizations = 1; IQR=4). Linear regression models were applied to explore whether cognitive and emotional variables were predictive of healthcare utilization for pain. Variables included in the final model were selected by using the Akaike information criterion. Results indicated that attentional abilities were significantly associated with ED visits and hospitalizations for pain, both at 1 year and 3 years after enrollment (p's<.009), such that better performance on the Cogstate attention task was associated with fewer ED visits and hospitalizations. Child-rated emotional quality of life significantly predicted ED visits for pain over 1 year (b=-0.004, p=.049) and hospitalizations for pain over 3 years (b=-0.006, p=.013), such that higher emotional quality of life was predictive of fewer ED visits and hospitalizations. Parent-rated child emotional quality of life was also predictive of hospitalizations for pain over 3 years (b=-0.007, p=.020). Neither SCD genotype nor socioeconomic status significantly impacted healthcare utilization. Results demonstrate that children's cognitive and emotional functioning play an important role in pain management and should be an integral part of comprehensive pain management plans for children with SCD. Attentional abilities emerged as a reliable predictor of pain-related healthcare utilization and may signal that poor attention makes it difficult to implement strategies to distract from pain. It could also suggest that children with poor attention have greater difficulty with behavioral aspects of disease self-management (e.g., medication adherence, avoiding pain triggers). These are important considerations, given that youth with SCD are at risk for disease-related neurological sequelae including reduced attentional abilities. Emotional functioning (specifically, frustration and anger about SCD) also predicted healthcare utilization for pain, highlighting the potential impact of stress on pain onset and management. Clinicians and researchers should consider cognitive and emotional factors when evaluating risk for pain in SCD and incorporate these factors when developing strategies to reduce healthcare utilization and costs. Disclosures Darbari: Hilton Publishing: Consultancy, Other: Expert advisory board for developing gaming app for SCD; Global blood therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: participated in advisory board meeting ; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: steering committee for SPARTAN study .
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Purygin, Pyotr P., Konstantin V. Milyutin, Yury P. Zarubin, and Olga B. Grigoryeva. "Synthesis of 1,1'-oxalyldibenzotriazole, study of the kinetic and thermodynamic features of its hydrolysis and prediction of biological activity." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-7-17.
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The article describes a two-step method for the synthesis of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole (bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione) from benzotriazole via 1-trimethylsilylbenzotriazole, followed by reaction with oxalyl chloride; the yield of the final product is 87%. The kinetics of hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis of 1,1'-oxalyldibenzotriazole was studied in the systems acetonitrile – water (9 : 1), acetonitrile – methanol (9 : 1), acetonitrile – diethylamine (9 : 1) at 25 °C, and also by the equation Arrhenius values of the activation energy in the reactions of hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and aminolysis of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole were calculated. To study the thermodynamic features of the reactions of obtaining this compound in the Spartan’14 1.1.4 program, a number of thermodynamic characteristics were calculated, determining the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. For the 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole molecule, possible conformers were found in the Molecular Operating Environment 2014.0901 software, for which the surfaces of nucleophilic susceptibility were calculated in the SCIGRESS Modeling 3.1.4 software. The structure of 1,1'-oxalyl dibenzotriazole was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The program PASS Professional 2007 predicted the most likely types of biological activity of the studied compounds. The most significant types of biological activity are in relation to renal diseases, anti-neurotoxic, anti-acid, anti-inflammatory. The obtained data allow us to choose the optimal conditions for the synthesis of 1,1’-oxalyl dibenzotriazole and to conclude that it is low stability in nucleophilic-containing media.
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Tomkowiak, Agnieszka, Roksana Skowrońska, Dorota Weigt, Michał Kwiatek, Jerzy Nawracała, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, and Mateusz Pluta. "Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0024.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify the Pm2, Pm3a, Pm4b and Pm6 genes and to develop multiplex PCR reaction conditions to reduce time and limit analysis costs. The following molecular markers were used for gene identification: Xcfd81, Whs350 and Xgwm205 (for Pm2), Pm3a (for Pm3a), STS_241 and Xgwm382 (for Pm4b), NAU/BCDSTS 135-2 (for Pm6). Plant material consisted of 7 popular European wheat varieties from the wheat collection at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The field experiment was established in 2017 and 2018 on 10 m2 plots in a randomized complete block design in three replicates in the Dłoń Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Poznań University of Life Sciences (51°41’23.835”N 017°4’1.414”E). The analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of all identified Pm genes was found in the Assosan variety. The accumulation of the Pm2, Pm4b and Pm6 genes was found in Atomic, Bussard, Lear, Sparta, Tonacja and Ulka varieties. The work also involved developing multiplex PCR conditions for Xcfd81 and STS_241 and Xcfd81 and Xgwm382 primer pairs, allowing the simultaneous identification of the Pm2 and Pm4b genes.
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Purygin, Pyotr P., Alina V. Shargalo, Konstantin V. Milyutin, Yury P. Zarubin, and Olga B. Grigoryeva. "Synthesis, structure and reactivity of oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole)." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-7-122.
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The article describes a two-step method for the synthesis of oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole) from 4(5)-methylimidazole through 1-trimethyl-4-methylimidazole followed by interaction with oxalyl chloride; the yield of the final product is 89%. The kinetics of hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and aminolysis of oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole) in acetonitrile – water (9 : 1), acetonitrile – methanol (9 : 1), acetonitrile – diethylamine (9 : 1) at 25 °C was studied. To study the thermodynamic features of the reactions to obtain this compound in the Spartan’14 1.1.4 program, a number of thermodynamic characteristics were determined that determine the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. The data obtained make it possible to select the optimal conditions for the synthesis of oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole) and to draw a conclusion about its low stability in media containing nucleophiles. Possible conformers were found for the oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole) molecule in the Molecular Operating Environment 2014.0901 program, for which nucleophilic susceptibility surfaces were calculated in the SCIGRESS Modeling 3.1.4 program. It was shown that the most reactive conformers in which carbonyl groups are minimally screened by fragments of 4-methylimidazole. The structure of oxalyl di(4-methylimidazole) was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Characteristic absorption bands were found in the IR spectra, confirming the presence of the corresponding functional groups in the structure of the compound, and proton signals with characteristic chemical shifts for the corresponding functional groups were detected in 1H NMR spectra. In the PASS Professional 2007 program, the most probable types of biological activity of the test compound were predicted. The most significant types of biological activity are in relation to urological diseases, antiseborrheic effect, stimulator of renal function, stimulator of leukopoiesis.
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Braziūnienė, Alma. "Knygos muziejus: kai kurie probleminiai teoriniai ir istoriniai aspektai." Knygotyra 71 (December 19, 2018): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v71i0.12255.
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[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje svarstomi probleminiai teoriniai knygos muziejų aspektai (jų funkcijos, rūšys, specifika kitų muziejų kontekste, panašumai ir skirtumai lyginant su bibliotekų dokumentinio paveldo padaliniais), nagrinėjami knygos muziejų steigties, raidos, registracijos, paplitimo Europoje XX a. antrojoje pusėje klausimai. Išsiaiškinta, kad nors knygos muziejaus ir bibliotekų specialiųjų padalinių (Retų spaudinių, Rankraščių skyrių) funkcijos labai panašios arba net sutampa (saugoti, tirti, aktualinti dokumentinį paveldą) ir skirtis tarp šių institucijų yra minimali, funkcijų reikšmingumo lygis yra knygos muziejaus ir bibliotekų paveldo skyrių skiriamasis požymis. Knygos muziejų raidai nustatyti buvo išanalizuotas istoriografiniu požiūriu vertingas 1987 m. paskelbtas „Knygos ir knygininkystės muziejų sąvadas“, jame pateikta informacija apie universaliuosius Europos knygos muziejus lyginta su šiandienos situacija. Prieita prie išvados, kad susidomėjimas knygos muziejais XX a. antrojoje pusėje buvo dėsningas to meto knygotyros raidos rezultatas. Knygos muziejų steigties sparta XX a. 7–9-ajame dešimtmečiais buvo tiesiogiai susijusi su to meto knygotyros, kaip perspektyvios mokslo disciplinos, suaktyvėjimu Europos ir pasaulio moksle. Iš dešimties tuomet Europoje veikusių universaliųjų knygos muziejų šiuo metu tokie tėra tik penki, kiti arba buvo uždaryti,arba savo veiklą susiaurino, keitė savo profilį. Kai kurie liko itin tradicinio akademinio pobūdžio, jų padėtis šiandienos moderniosios muziejininkystės kontekste, kai visas dėmesys telkiamas į lankytoją, o ne į pačius muziejinius objektus, problemiška.
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Hodge, Michael, Juliet Biggs, Åke Fagereng, Austin Elliott, Hassan Mdala, and Felix Mphepo. "A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-27-2019.
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Abstract. Along-strike variation in scarp morphology reflects differences in a fault's geomorphic and structural development and can thus indicate fault rupture history and mechanical segmentation. Parameters that define scarp morphology (height, width, slope) are typically measured or calculated manually. The time-consuming manual approach reduces the density and objectivity of measurements and can lead to oversight of small-scale morphological variations that occur at a resolution impractical to capture. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the manual approach may also lead to unknown discrepancies and uncertainties between, and also within, individual fault scarp studies. Here, we aim to improve the efficiency, transparency and uniformity of calculating scarp morphological parameters by developing a semi-automated Scarp PARameTer Algorithm (SPARTA). We compare our findings against a traditional, manual analysis and assess the performance of the algorithm using a range of digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions. We then apply our new algorithm to a 12 m resolution TanDEM-X DEM for four southern Malawi fault scarps, located at the southern end of the East African Rift system: the Bilila–Mtakataka fault (BMF) and three previously unreported scarps – Thyolo, Muona and Malombe. All but Muona exhibit first-order structural segmentation at their surface. By using a 5 m resolution DEM derived from high-resolution (50 cm pixel−1) Pleiades stereo-satellite imagery for the Bilila–Mtakataka fault scarp, we quantify secondary structural segmentation. Our scarp height calculations from all four fault scarps suggest that if each scarp was formed by a single, complete rupture, the slip–length ratio for each earthquake exceeds the maximum typical value observed in historical normal faulting earthquakes around the world. The high slip–length ratios therefore imply that the Malawi fault scarps likely formed in multiple earthquakes. The scarp height distribution implies the structural segments of both the BMF and Thyolo fault have merged via rupture of discrete faults (hard links) through several earthquake cycles, and the segments of the Malombe fault have connected via distributed deformation zones (soft links). For all faults studied here, the length of earthquake ruptures may therefore exceed the length of each segment. Thus, our findings shed new light on the seismic hazard in southern Malawi, indicating evidence for a number of large (Mw 7–8) prehistoric earthquakes, as well as providing a new semi-automated methodology (SPARTA) for calculating scarp morphological parameters, which can be used on other fault scarps to infer structural development.
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Bradford, Alfred S. "M. Meier: Aristokraten und Damoden. Untersuchungen zur inneren Entwicklung Spartas im 7. Jahrhundert V. Chr. und zur politischen Funktion derDichtung des Tyrtaios. Pp. 347. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1998. Paper, DM 144. ISBN: 3-515-07430-9." Classical Review 50, no. 2 (October 2000): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x0099005x.
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Stewart, Daniel R. "W.G. Cavanagh, C. Gallou & M. Georgiadis (ed.). Sparta and Laconia: from prehistory to pre-modern (British School at Athens Studies 16). xxxii+424 pages, 407 b&w & colour illustrations, 6 tables. 2009. London: British School at Athens; 978-0-904887-61-7 hardback £97." Antiquity 83, no. 322 (December 1, 2009): 1199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00099580.
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Oliveira, Jennifer L., Lori A. Frederick, Lea M. Coon, Molly Susan Hein, Mrinal M. Patnaik, Ayalew Tefferi, Animesh Pardanani, Stefan K. Grebe, David S. Viswanatha, and James D. Hoyer. "Spectrum of Mutations Associated with Hereditary Erythrocytosis." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2140.2140.
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Abstract Background: Mechanisms of hereditary erythrocytosis have been elucidated recently. These include high oxygen affinity (HOA) hemoglobin (Hb) variants, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) deficiency, abnormalities in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and oxygen-sensing pathway (OSP) proteins prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2), hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha subunit (HIF2A), and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). We present our experience with these disorders. Methods: Evaluation of erythrocytosis patients' blood samples for HOA Hb variants by protein or DNA sequencing methods has been performed in our laboratory for over 30 years. Testing has included alkaline/acid electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, capillary electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and Sanger sequencing. BPGM deficiency was determined by enzyme activity assay and/or genetic testing. Since 2012 we have evaluated the EPOR, EGLN1 (PHD2), EPAS1(HIF2A), and VHL genes. Reflexive evaluations, which include testing for p50 and pertinent Sanger sequencing of HBB, HBA1, HBA2, EPOR (exon 8), EGLN1 (exons 1-5), EPAS1 (exon 12) and VHL, have been performed on a subset of cases. Genetic results were correlated with clinical and phenotypic data. Results: Retrospective database review identified 62 confirmed HOA Hb variants (48β, 14α) with clinical erythrocytosis (Table 1). Multiple Hb variants were silent on at least one protein method but showed decreased p50 values. One homozygous BPGM mutation case was identified. Of the 394 cases evaluated for EPOR and OSP abnormalities, 39 cases (10%) contained genetic alterations. Of these, 11 were known pathogenic mutations and 28 were novel alterations including 4 pathogenic, 12 likely pathogenic and 12 variants of unknown significance (VUS). Eighteen EGLN1, 10 EPAS1, and 7 EPOR alterations were detected, all heterozygous. Four VHL mutation cases were identified: 3 homozygous/compound heterozygous known mutations and one novel heterozygous VUS (p.R200Q). All EPOR mutations resulted in a premature stop codon. Most of the EPAS1 alterations were located near proline 531, although two predicted splice site disturbances were found. The EGLN1 alterations were novel, variable, and affect the enzyme's catalytic domain. All 4 VHL cases involved the R200 amino acid position in at least one allele. Serum Epo levels varied: decreased in EPOR (5/5); normal in PHD2 (11/11) and most HIF2A (6/7) and VHL (3/4) cases; increased in 1 HIF2A and 1 VHL case. p50 was normal in EPOR and OSP cases (31/31 tested). Conclusion: A spectrum of abnormalities was identified. Salient points include: 1) Diagnostically, a high index of suspicion for HOA Hb variants is required as they can give false negative results by routine protein detection methods. p50 and Epo levels were useful for triage. 2) Phenotypically, serum Epo levels were low in EPOR and normal in PHD2 and HIF2A cases. Unexpectedly, the two classic Chuvash polycythemia VHL cases were associated with normal Epo levels. 3) Mechanistically, the alterations were truncating in EPOR, variable and scattered in EGLN1 and clustered near proline 531 in EPAS1. VHL mutations were rare and consistently affected the R200 amino acid position in at least one allele. Novel alterations were frequent, especially in EGLN1. 4) Clinically, many patients were asymptomatic but a subset demonstrated recurrent headaches and one had chest pain. Clotting complications included cerebrovascular accident in one EPAS1 and EGLN1 case each and portal vein thrombosis in one EGLN1 case. Table 1. Clinically significant high oxygen affinity Hb variants at Mayo Clinic n Beta Alpha >30 Malmo Tarrant 10 - 20 Bethesda, San Diego, Andrew-Minneapolis, M-Saskatoon, Olympia, Syracuse, Abruzzo Dallas 5 - 10 Ty Gard, Ypsilanti, Alberta, Coimbra, North Chicago J-Cape Town 2 - 4 Brigham, Kempsey, Little Rock, Puttelange, Wood, Brisbane, Cowtown, Creteil, Linkoping, Osler, Potomac, Providence, Ranier, Sparta, Vanderbilt, Heathrow, Helsinki, Hiroshima, Homozygous HPFH, McKees-Rocks, Pierre Benite, Regina Chesapeake, Ethiopia, Chiapas, Columbia Missouri, Burlington, Legnano 1 Alcorn County*, Bologna-St. Orsola, Bunbury, Cambridge-MA, Cardarelli, Chandigarh, Johnstown, Nantes, Nebraska, Olomouc, Palmerston North, Pitie-Salpetriere, Saint-Jacques, South Milwaukee Linwood, Longview*, Milledgeville, Sarasota Springs, Voorhees * novel Disclosures Pardanani: Stemline: Research Funding.
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BOSWORTH, R. J. B. "THE ITALIAN NOVECENTO AND ITS HISTORIANS." Historical Journal 49, no. 1 (February 24, 2006): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05005169.
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The politics of Italian national identity. Edited by Gino Bedani and Bruce Haddock. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000. Pp. vii+296. ISBN 0-7083-1622-0. £40.00.Fascist modernities: Italy, 1922–1945. By Ruth Ben-Ghiat. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. Pp. x+317. ISBN 0-520-22363-2. £28.50.Le spie del regime. By Mauro Canali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004. Pp. 863. ISBN 88-15-09801-1. €70.00.I campi del Duce: l'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940–1943). By Carlo Spartaco Capogreco. Turin: Einaudi, 2004. Pp. xi+319. ISBN 88-06-16781-2. €16.00.The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: essays in comparative history. Edited by Enrico Dal Lago and Rick Halpern. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. 256. ISBN 0-333-73971-X. £28.50.Disastro! Disasters in Italy since 1860: culture, politics, society. Edited by John Dickie, John Foot, and Frank M. Snowden, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. ix+342. ISBN 0-312-23960-2. £32.50.Remaking Italy in the twentieth century. By Roy Palmer Domenico. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. Pp. xiv+181. ISBN 0-8476-9637-5. £16.95.Twentieth century Italy: a social history. By Jonathan Dunnage. Harlow: Pearson, 2002. Pp. xi+271. ISBN 0-582-29278-6. £16.99.Milan since the miracle: city, culture and identity. By John Foot. Oxford: Berg, 2001. Pp. xiv+240. ISBN 1-85973-550-9. £14.99.Squadristi: protagonisti e tecniche della violenza fascista, 1919–1922. By Mimmo Franzinelli. Milan: Mondadori, 2003. Pp. 464. ISBN 88-04-51233-4. €19.00.For love and country: the Italian Resistance. By Patrick Gallo. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. Pp. viii+362. ISBN 0-7618-2496-0. $55.00.The struggle for modernity: nationalism, futurism and Fascism. By Emilio Gentile. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. Pp. xix+203. ISBN 0-275-97692-0. $69.95.Italy and its discontents. By Paul Ginsborg. Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, 2001. Pp. xv+521. ISBN 0-713-99537-8. £25.00.Silvio Berlusconi: television, power and patrimony. By Paul Ginsborg. London: Verso, 2004. Pp. xvi+189. ISBN 1-84467-000-7. £16.00.Fascists. By Michael Mann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. x+429. ISBN 0-521-53855-6. £15.99.Mussolini: the last 600 days of Il Duce. By Ray Moseley. Dallas: Taylor Trade publishing, 2004. Pp. vii+432. ISBN 1-58979-095-2. $34.95.Lo stato fascista e la sua classe politica, 1922–1943. By Didier Musiedlak. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2001. Pp. 585. ISBN 88-15-09381-8. €32.00.Italy's social revolution: charity and welfare from Liberalism to Fascism. By Maria Sophia Quine. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. xv+429. ISBN 0-333-63261-3. £55.00.La seduzione totalitaria: guerra, modernità, violenza politica (1914–1918). By Angelo Ventrone. Rome: Donzelli, 2003. Pp. xvi+288. ISBN 88-7989-840-X. €24.00.With its winning of an American Academy Award, the film Life is beautiful (1997), brought its director and leading actor, Roberto Benigni, global fame. Benigni's zaniness and self-mockery seemed to embody everything that has convinced foreigners that Italians are, above all, brava gente (nice people). Sometimes, this conclusion can have a supercilious air – niceness can easily be reduced to levity or fecklessness. In those university courses that seek to comprehend the terrible tragedies of twentieth-century Europe, Italians seldom play a leading role. German, Russian, Polish, Yugoslav, and even British and French history are each riven with death and disaster or, alternatively, with heroism and achievement. In such austere company, brava gente can seem out of place.
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"Implementation of Efficient Architecture of Fine Grain Pipelined Lifting Scheme Based Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 10, 2019): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l3593.1081219.
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Many Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based VLSI architectures have been projected to meet the necessities of the synchronized signal processing. It includes image processing, speech processing, signal and video processing, etc. The practical implementation of DWT has fewer hitches in terms of hardware complexity and memory requirement since it needs to process huge volume of data. The traditional convolution based system needs more multipliers and larger memory and is also not suitable to provide speed or power efficient image or video processing designs. The lifting scheme involves very few mathematical computations compared to the convolution-based DWT. In this paper, we propose an architecture that performs Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using a lifting-based scheme with fine grained pipelined architecture. The basic DWT filters used in image compression are 5/3(lossless) and 9/7(lossy) filters. In fine grain pipelining, multiplier is split into two units by placing the latches on the horizontal cutset across the multiplier. Thus the critical path is reduced to half of the multiplier delay. As a result, it is a speed efficient architecture and is symmetrical with a lower hardware complexity. The architecture is designed using verilog HDL and implemented on Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA.
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Branch, R. G. "Teaching an old dog new tricks: Herodotus confirms Xerxes’ anger in The Persian wars, and the Book of Esther provides insights on anger management." In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v43i3.242.
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The Book of Esther describes Xerxes, king of Persia and Media, as an angry man. It highlights the king’s ups (Esther, 1:12; 7:7) and downs (Esther, 2:1; 7:10). Surprisingly, Herodotus in “The Persian wars” likewise emphasises the king’s anger and wrath. This classic Greek tale possibly fills in a time gap between Esther 1 and 2: Xerxes travels west from his capital, Susa, and loses a war in Sparta. “The Persian wars” chronicles Xerxes’ international humiliation and the despot’s rages along the way. Xerxes bullies and blames subordinates; destroys property and cuts a swathe from Persia to Sparta; acts pompously; and exhibits angry outbursts when crossed or thwarted. Herodotus confirms that generals, enemies, and aides tiptoe around this international bully. One, however, does not. Artemisia, a woman ship commander, earns Xerxes’ respect. When the battlefield of his life switches from Sparta back to Susa, the Bible presents a second model of courage, Esther, Xerxes’ new queen. Walking confidently in the halls of power, this lovely “general” in regal robes comes gracefully yet forcefully before the king, time and time again. Modeling anger management techniques with a blend of wisdom and femininity, Esther faces Xerxes’ anger – and neutralises it.