Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spartace

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spartace'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spartace"

1

Bralić, Željko. "Spartan constitution and education." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 2 (2020): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-28419.

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Ancient Sparta is generally recognized as a Greek polis with specific and non-typical state system determined by firmly established set of laws, commonly considered (by Spartans and other Greeks of the time) as a constitution of lawgiver Lykourgos. Spartan constitution was the essence of the state, and this work reviews some of the main institutions established by the constitution. Principal section of the text is dedicated to the basic element and the major purpose of the state and the constitution itself - namely, to the spartan education. It is the peculiar Spartan education and training system called agōgē that particularly enabled ancient Spartans to maintain their durable military might and decisive influence in classical period. Lawgiver of Sparta dedicated primary function in the arrangement of the state itself to the educational system, principally focused on physical and moral education. Capital purpose of educational system was character forming of young Spartans who were expected, mainly on a battlefield in a hoplite phalanx formation, to materialize Spartan ideal of a paramount skilled combatant and fearless warrior.
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Millender, Ellen G. "Spartan Literacy Revisited." Classical Antiquity 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 121–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2001.20.1.121.

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According to several fourth-century Athenian sources, the Spartans were a boorish and uneducated people, who were either hostile toward the written word or simply illiterate. Building upon such Athenian claims of Spartan illiteracy, modern scholars have repeatedly portrayed Sparta as a backward state whose supposedly secretive and reactionary oligarchic political system led to an extremely low level of literacy on the part of the common Spartiate. This article reassesses both ancient and modern constructions of Spartan illiteracy and examines the ideological underpinnings of Athenian attacks on the ostensibly unlettered Lacedaemonians. Beginning with a close analysis of the available archaeological and literary evidence on Spartan public applications of literacy, it argues that the written word played a central role in the operation of the Spartan state, which utilized a variety of documents and required routine acts of literacy on the part of Spartiate commanders and ocials. Both the broad eligibility for the ephorate and the Lacedaemonians' chronic oliganthropia demonstrate that not all of the important public functionaries whose duties customarily involved reading and writing were members of the Spartan elite. The fact that Spartan office-holders acquired their literacy skills from a compulsory and comprehensive system of public education, which promoted the creation of a collective identity, further argues in favor of a literacy that was more broadly based than previous scholars have concluded. The article then accounts for these representations of Spartan illiteracy by locating them in the context of the changing relationship between orality and literacy in fifth- and fourth-century Athens. It argues that as the written word played an increasingly important role in Athenian democratic practice and ideology, it began to performtwo interconnected functions: as a signicant component in Athenian self-denition and as a key indicator of cultural and political dierence between Athens and its Peloponnesian enemies.
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Pavlides, Nicolette. "THE SANCTUARIES OF APOLLO MALEATAS AND APOLLO TYRITAS IN LACONIA: RELIGION IN SPARTAN–PERIOIKIC RELATIONS." Annual of the British School at Athens 113 (February 12, 2018): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245417000089.

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This article examines how religion contributed to the interconnectivity of the large geographical region of Laconia which was under Spartan control for most of the Archaic and Classical periods. With a particular focus on two Laconian sanctuaries, that of Apollo Maleatas and that of Apollo Tyritas, located in the area of the Thyreatis/Kynouria, which had traditionally been a disputed region between Sparta and Argos, it considers how sanctuaries played a part in Spartan–perioikic relations. The votives from the two sanctuaries vary: the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas is rich in weapon dedications, while that of Apollo Tyritas has a diverse array of offerings, including bronzes, pottery and weapons. I argue that the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas served as a central gathering place that united the Lakedaimonians, both Spartans and perioikoi, and where they celebrated the military qualities of Apollo. The sanctuary of Apollo Tyritas may reflect Spartan interests in the disputed region from the late seventh/early sixth century, and it too presents evidence for the military preoccupations affecting the area. The warrior-god Apollo, prominently worshipped in Sparta and Laconia, was appropriately offered offensive weapons of spears and arrowheads, both real size and miniature. The Spartans and perioikoi celebrated the Maleateia festival, at the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas, which presented an opportunity for Spartans and perioikoi to gather together. A Laconian sacred landscape was formed through the celebration of common cults and festivals, thus uniting the centre (Sparta) with the Laconian (and Messenian) countryside.
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Lockwood, Thornton. "Servile Spartans and Free Citizen-soldiers in Aristotle’s Politics 7–8." Apeiron 51, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2016-0055.

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Abstract In the last two books of the Politics, Aristotle articulates an education program for his best regime in contrast to what he takes to be the goal and practices of Sparta’s educational system. Although Aristotle never refers to his program as liberal education, clearly he takes its goal to be the production of free male and female citizens. By contrast, he characterizes the results of the Spartan system as ‘crude’ (φορτικός), ‘slavish’ (ἀνδραποδώδης), and ‘servile’ (βάναυσος). I argue that Aristotle’s criticisms of Spartan education elucidate his general understanding of Sparta and provide an interpretative key to understanding Politics 7–8. But although Aristotle contrasts the goals and methods of Spartan education with that of his own best regime, the citizens of his best regime are more like Spartan citizen-soldiers than Athenian participatory-citizens.
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Christesen, Paul. "Xenophon'sCyropaediaand military reform in Sparta." Journal of Hellenic Studies 126 (November 2006): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426900007655.

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AbstractXenophon'sCyropaediacan be read as a proto-novel, a biography, or as an essay on leadership or constitutional theory. This article argues that theCyropaediacan and should also be read as a pamphlet on practical military reform with special relevance to the Spartan state.The inclusion of a series of proposals for the reform of the Spartan army in theCyropaediahas not heretofore been recognized because Xenophon presented those proposals in the guise of a reform of the Persian army undertaken by Cyrus. There was no historical basis for this part of theCyropaedia, and there is no trace of a major military reform in either the Greek or the Persian tradition about Cyrus as it existed before Xenophon. Cyrus' military reform was thus an authorial invention that presumably served some important narrative purpose.Xenophon inserted a military reform into theCyropaediaas a way of presenting a proposal for the restructuring of the Spartan army. When Xenophon wrote theCyropaedia, the Spartans were struggling desperately to maintain their position in the face of a powerful Boeotian army. The Boeotians could put many more hoplites into the field and had a large cavalry force that they were using to excellent effect. The obvious response on the part of the Spartans was to take whatever measures were necessary to increase the number of men in their phalanx and to assemble a sizeable, highly trained group of horsemen. The programme of military reform enacted by Cyrus in theCyropaediaproduces just this result. If implemented in Sparta, this programme would have involved the wholesale addition of non-Spartiates to the Spartan phalanx and the conversion of the Spartanhomoioiinto an all-cavalry force.Xenophon thus used Cyrus' army in theCyropaediato show what a revamped Spartan military might look like. The use of fictional narrative to explore ideas with immediate application to the real world has long been recognized as an integral part of theCyropaedia.This aspect of theCyropaediahas in the past been explored largely in regard to Xenophon's thinking about leadership and ethics, but it can and should be extended to include military reform in Sparta.
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Lazenby, J. F. "The Archaia Moira: a suggestion." Classical Quarterly 45, no. 1 (May 1995): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800041719.

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In discussions of the complex and controversial problem of Spartan land-tenure,1 the mysterious ‘ρχαῖα μοῖρα’ (archaia moira) has assumed an importance out of all proportion to its prominence in the sources, for the actual phrase only occurs once in extant literature. It owes its importance to the fact that the reference to it has been used to support the theory that there were two categories of land in Sparta, a theory which in turn is held to explain how, when all Spartans supposedly owned equal estates, there could nevertheless be rich ones and poor ones, as authors such as Herodotos, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Aristotle make clear. The answer, it is claimed, is that although all Spartans possessed an equal share of one category of land, they could own more or less of the other category.2
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Mishurin, Aleksandr. "The Power of Corruption: Xenophon on the Upbringing of a Good Citizen in Sparta." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 20, no. 1 (2021): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-1-107-123.

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In the given article, the author offers an interpretation of the work titled Lacedaimonion Politeia, written by the ancient political philosopher Xenophon of Athens. Judging from Xenophon’s sober and open-minded attitude to the regime he researches, the author focuses on the central issue of the treatise, namely, the upbringing of a virtuous or good citizen. This became the cornerstone of Sparta’s success as a polis, and provided it with a fame as a unique political entity praised by all, but copied by none. The author identifies the three stages of the Spartan education given by Xenophon and continues with the practices of its implementation at a mature age. The research makes it clear that the purpose of the laws of Lycurgus, as described by Xenophon, is twofold. On the one hand, the given laws instill respect, obedience, and the virtue of manliness which the lawgiver desired in citizens. On the other hand, the laws create citizens who merely imitate the above-described traits of character and law-abidance, and who are actually more like unmitigated criminals constantly fighting with each other. It is the second type of people—good criminals—who find themselves in power in Sparta, and they are the ones who end up destroying the Spartan state. By providing this diagnosis of the Spartan regime and the laws of Lycurgus, Xenophon attempts to show that handling the problem of the education of good citizens as suggested in Sparta is misguided and requires additional deliberation.
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Lang, Mabel B. "The Thucydidean Tetralogy (1.67–88)." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 1 (May 1999): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.326.

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A new look at Thucydides’ account of the debate at Sparta motivating the Spartan declaration of war (1.67–88) may provide a footnote to valuable past discussion. Chief concerns about the debate have always been (1) the uniqueness of the four-speech set-up; (2) the oddity of an Athenian embassy in attendance at a Peloponnesian League meeting; and (3) the unlikelihood that any detailed report of speeches made to the Peloponnesian League or Spartan assembly came to Athens. Thucydides' judgement concerning the cause of the Peloponnesian War is far more likely to have been based on his knowledge of past and present relations between Athens and Sparta and members of the Peloponnesian League (Ξυμπ⋯σα γνώμη) than on any information about an actual debate (τ⋯ ⋯ληθ⋯ς λɛχθ⋯ντα). But for τ⋯ δ⋯oντα he needed a confrontation which would not only dramatize both opposition I and characters of Sparta and Athens but also put them in historical context, that is, in their Persian War roles as recorded by Herodotus. Only in this way is it possible to explain peculiarities of this confrontation which appear to duplicate characteristics of the Herodotean debate involving Athens and Sparta before the battle of Plataea. Thuc. 1.67–88 is like Hdt. 8.140–4 in comprising four speeches of which the first (A) 1 is answered by the third (Cl) and the second (B) is answered by the fourth (C2). In each case Cl and C2 are spoken by representatives of a single people: with the Athenians in Herodotus’ debate answering two different peoples, and with two different Spartans in Thucydides answering two different peoples.
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Luraghi, Nino. "Becoming Messenian." Journal of Hellenic Studies 122 (November 2002): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246204.

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AbstractThe article is an enquiry into the identity of two groups who called themselves Messenians: the Helots and perioikoi who revolted against Sparta after the earthquake in the 460s; and the citizens of the independent polity founded by Epameinondas in 370/69 bc in the Spartan territory west of the Taygetos. Based on the history of the Messenians in Pausanias Book 4, some scholars have thought that those two groups were simply the descendants of the free inhabitants of the region, subdued by the Spartans in the Archaic period and reduced to the condition of Helots. According to these scholars, the Helotized Messenians preserved a sense of their identity and a religious tradition of their own, which re-emerged when they regained freedom. One objection to this thesis is that there is no clear archaeological evidence of regional cohesiveness in the area in the late Dark Ages, while the very concept of Messenia as a unified region extending from the river Neda to the Taygetos does not seem to exist prior to the Spartan conquest. Furthermore, evidence from sanctuaries dating to the Archaic and Early Classical periods shows that Messenia was to a significant extent populated by perioikoi whose material culture, cults and language were thoroughly indistinguishable from those documented in Lakonia. Even the site where Epameinondas later founded the central settlement of the new Messenian polity was apparently occupied since the late seventh century at the latest by a perioikic settlement. Some of these perioikoi participated with the Helots in the revolt after the earthquake, and the suggestion is advanced, based on research on processes of ethnogenesis, that they played a key role in the emergence of the Messenian identity of the rebels. For them, identifying themselves as Messenians was an implicit claim to the land west of the Taygetos; therefore the Spartans consistently refused to consider the rebels Messenians, just as they refused to consider Messenians – that is, descendants of the ‘old Messenians’ – the citizens of Epameinondas' polity. Interestingly, the Spartan and the Theban-Messenian views on the identity of these people agreed in denying that the ‘old Messenians’ had remained in Messenia as Helots. Messenian ethnicity is explained as the manifestation of the will of perioikoi and Helots living west of the Taygetos to be independent from Sparta. The fact that most Messenian cults attested from the fourth century onwards were typical Spartan cults does not encourage the assumption that there was any continuity in a Messenian tradition going back to the period before the Spartan westward expansion.
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French, A. "The Guidelines of the Delian Alliance." Antichthon 22 (1988): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400003592.

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Thucydides’ best known digression (1.89-118), constructed as a selective sequence of incidents illustrating the growth of tension between Athens and Sparta, was itself prefaced by a summary of how Athens came to be in a position to threaten Spartan power; the Athenians had converted an alliance into an empire. Why, and how, she did so was incidental to the main subject of the digression, and so with admirable brevity Thucydides covers this phase in just four chapters (1.96-99), mentioning just a few incidents to document the change; the four chapters cover a time span of ten years. The first of these chapters contains a sketch of the administrative arrangements made by the allies for continuing the war under Athenian leadership after the Spartans and their allies had withdrawn from further operations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spartace"

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Ramírez, Montoya María Fernanda, Simón Farley Fareld Chacaliaza, Pariasca Jose Herrera, Barrantes Alessandra Ventosilla, and Yabar Stephany Gisella Gonzales. "Spartan Men Care." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652796.

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Hoy en día, no solo las mujeres se preocupan por el cuidado de la piel sino también los hombres. Sumado a esta nueva tendencia, se puede observar el ascenso de la preferencia en productos de origen natural que contribuyen al aporte de beneficios a la piel y a la reducción del daño ocasionado por los químicos. En este sentido, se ha encontrado un mercado potencial, los hombres específicamente del estilo de vida sofisticado, una parte de la población, definida por Arellano Marketing, como preocupados por el status, la moda y la imagen. Partiendo de la imagen, es sabido que en la actualidad el mercado de productos estéticos para hombres se encuentra en crecimiento desde hace algunos años habiendo generado hasta S/1,000 millones en el año 2018. Es por ello que “Spartan Man Care” busca abordar el negocio de los productos naturales especializados en hombres que se preocupan por su aspecto físico. Además, es importante resaltar que hoy en día a pesar del mercado potencial existente en los hombres, no existe una variedad de productos dirigidos a ellos, por lo que hay una oportunidad de negocio latente para trabajar. Actualmente, el total de hombres considerados sofisticados en Lima dentro del rango de 25 a 39 años es de 121, 392. De este total el 14% compra productos de higiene con regularidad, representado por 16,995 habitantes y S/3, 976,830 en soles. Finalmente, se determinó que la ganancia del proyecto, calculada a través del VAN, será de S/126, 316 de retorno sobre la inversión.
Today, not only women care about skin care but also men. In addition to this new trend, you can see the rise in preference in products of natural origin that contribute to providing benefits to the skin and reducing the damage caused by chemicals. In this sense, a potential market has been found, men specifically for the sophisticated lifestyle, a part of the population, defined by Arellano Marketing, as concerned about status, fashion and image. Based on the image, it is known that currently the market for men's cosmetic products has been growing for some years, having generated up to S / 1,000 million in 2018. That is why "Spartan Man Care" seeks to address the business of natural products specialized in men who care about their physical appearance. Furthermore, it is important to note that today despite the potential market for men, there is no variety of products for them, so there is a latent business opportunity to work. Currently, the total of men considered sophisticated in Lima within the range of 25 to 39 years is 121, 392. Of this total, 14% purchase hygiene products regularly, represented by 16,995 inhabitants and S / 3,976,830 in soles. Finally, it was determined that the project's profit, calculated through the NPV, will be S / 126, 316 of return on investment.
Trabajo de investigación
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2

Delahaye, Adrien. "Archéologie et images de l'austérité spartiate : l'apport de l'iconographie et de la culture matérielle laconiennes à l'histoire de Sparte (VIe-Ve siècles av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H047.

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Étudier l’histoire de Sparte pose de manière accrue la question des sources. À la faiblesse de la documentation écrite disponible s’ajoute le problème du « Mirage spartiate », c’est-à-dire de la construction d’un discours historiographique empreint de fantasmes, en particulier par des auteurs anciens le plus souvent non Spartiates. Si ce dernier est patiemment déconstruit depuis le travail fondateur de F. Ollier, on relève cependant qu’il l’a essentiellement été à partir des testimonia littéraires, tandis que les realia archéologiques restaient peu exploitées. Les vases laconiens, figurés ou non, constituent pourtant une source documentaire qu’il est possible d’analyser dans le cadre d’un questionnement historique. Cette étude propose de revenir sur l’un des aspects essentiels du « Mirage », l’austérité spartiate, dont la mise en place est généralement placée au cours du VIe siècle. La production des figures noires laconiennes, qui connaît son pic de production et son déclin au cours de cette période, constitue un terrain d’expérimentation privilégié pour reposer les termes du débat. Le croisement des données avec et les textes d’une part et l’ensemble de la culture matérielle contemporaine de l’autre – vases à vernis noir, bronzes, reliefs, figurines de plomb et ivoires – permet de mener une approche comparative. La recherche de parallèles dans les séries céramiques contemporaines d’Athènes, de Corinthe ou de Béotie offre enfin le moyen de relativiser la spécificité du cas spartiate. Finalement, l’austérité ne s’avère être que l’une des nombreuses chimères du « Mirage spartiate »
Studying the history of Sparta raises the question of the sources. In addition to the weakness of the available written documentation, occurs the problem of the “Spartan Mirage”, that is to say the construction of a historiographical discourse characterized by idealization phenomena, in particular by ancient authors who are usually not Spartans. Although the latter has been patiently deconstructed since F. Ollier’s work, it is worth noting that it was mainly based on literary testimonia, while archaeological realia remained little exploited. The laconian vases, figured or not, nevertheless constitute a source that can be analysed in the context of a historical frame. This study proposes to return to one of the essential aspects of the “Mirage”, the Spartan austerity, whose creation is generally placed during the 6th century. The production of laconian black figures, which experienced its peak of production and decline during this period, constitutes a privileged field of experimentation to restate the terms of the debate. The cross-checking of this data with the texts on the one hand and the contemporary material culture on the other – black glazed vases, bronzes, reliefs, lead and ivory figurines – makes it possible to conduct a comparative approach. The search for parallels in the contemporary ceramic series of Athens, Corinth or Boeotia finally offers a way to put in perspective the specificity of the spartan case. Finally, austerity turns out to be only one of the numerous chimeras of the "Spartan Mirage"
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Birgalias, Nicolaos. "L'éducation spartiate : problèmes et controverses." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080829.

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L'education de sparte fut, de l'antiquite a nos jours, un sujet de preference des auteurs de diverses disciplines dont l'approche oscille entre l'eloge et le blame. Par une demarche historiographique, on a etudie les problemes et les controverses que cette education peut soulever et on a essaye d'organiser en systeme tous les elements qui se referent a elle, de sorte qu'on puisse comprendre et situer cette education dans son contexte historique et expliquer les raisons de la diversite interpretative creee au cours des siecles. L'education spartiate incarne l'ideal de l'hoplite-citoyen tel qu'il resulte apres la reforme hoplitique, a sparte, a la fin de la seconde guerre de messenie, ou on constate des mutations entre les valeurs aristocratiques et hoplitiques. A une epoque ou la fonction politique et la fonction guerriere du citoyen sont indissociables, l'education spartiate est a la fois guerriere puisqu'elle suggere une atmosphere de guerre, et politique puisqu'elle est une condition sine qua non pour le plein exercice des droits civiques a sparte. Ce type d'education apparait vers la fin du viie siecle et dure jusqu'a la fin du ve siecle av. J. -c. . A partir du moment ou, a l'education, participent d'autres couches sociales (apres le milieu du ve siecle) et le mercenaire commence peu a peu a effacer le citoyen-soldat (au cours de et apres la guerre du peloponnese), cet ideal recoit un coup decisif. Ce type d'education ne sera desormais qu'un "souvenir" de jadis. Depuis, des speculations ideologiques ou politiques jaillissent. L'education spartiate est un sujet qui revient et sert d'exemole a imiter ou a eviter chaque fois qu'une societe, dans des moments historiques differents, traverse une crise d'identite et doit faire face a une reorganisation sociale ou un elargissement du corps civique
The spartan education, a favourite subject of authors of several disciplines has been sanctioned since antiquity with praise and blame. Through a historiographical approach, we tried to study the problems and the controversies that this education can razise and present the elements refering to it in order to understand and situate the spartan education in its historical context and to explain the reasons of the diversity of interpretations developed along the centuries. The spartan education incarnates the ideal of the hoplite-citizen as it appears after the hoplitic reform in sparta at the end of the 2nd messenian war, when some important interactions between aristocratic and hoplitic values are observed. At a time when the citizen's political functions are not to be dissociated from his functions as a worrior, this type of education is at the same time warlike, since it suggests an atmosphere of war, and political, since it is a necessary condition for the full exercise of the civil rights in sparta. This educational ideal appears over the end of 7th century b. C. And lasts until the end of the 5th century b. C. . When the spartan education is extended to other social strata (by the middle of the 5th century b. C. ) and when the mercenary, little by little, replaces the soldier-citizen (during and after the eloponesian war), this ideal is definitely fading away. This kind of education is now nothing but a memory of the old times. Since then, ideological or political speculations emerge. Pspartan education becomes an example to follow or to avoid every time that a society, in different historical moments, has to overcome an identity crisis and reorganize or widen its civic struture
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4

Davies, Dawn. "Mothers of Sparta." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1929.

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Mothers of Sparta is a collection of thirteen personal essays that examine place—knowing one’s place, and finding one’s place in the world. The narrative arc chronicles the narrator’s childhood, young adulthood, marriage and child rearing years, ultimately encompassing the difficulties of raising a child who, due to brain damage, faces an uncertain future. As the narrator grows older, place shifts from a concrete knowledge of the physical world around her, to learning her place within gendered and regional social constructs, and defining her place through roles such as wife, mother, student and writer. These essays are diverse in style. Woven throughout is a theme of violence, weighted with visceral language: the violence of accident and death, the violence that occurs in nature and in domestic spaces, and the violence that often goes unnoticed because we live in a violent world.
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Roberts, Kevin Lloyd. "Dimensional reduction, universality and sparticle spectra." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262392.

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Krohn, Jørgen, and Jørgen Linnerud. "MPEG Transcoder for Xilinx Spartan." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8896.

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In this project the focus has been on developing an MPEG transcoder that can be used as a demonstration module for the AHEAD system, Ambient Hardware: Embedded Architecture on Demand. AHEAD is a collaboration project between NTNU and SINTEF in Trondheim that is aiming to develop a method of doing run-time reconfiguration of hardware. The AHEAD system will in the future use an FPGA in a tag that is able to reconfigure itself with hardware description that it receives from a hand-held device, e.g. a PDA, or downloads from the Internet. The tag will then be able to be operating as a co-processor for hand-held devices in the vicinity of the tag. Consequently, since the hand-held devices avoid doing some of the heavy processing of the video stream, the power consumption in the hand-held device will be decreased. The MPEG transcoder in this report consists of two parts, an MPEG-4 decoder and an MPEG-2 encoder, that are connected and form a complete transcoder. The MPEG-4 decoder was designed in software in the pre-project to this Master thesis and was in this Master thesis designed in hardware. The MPEG-2 encoder was partially designed by the former students Rognerud and Rustad, but was not working as required and had to be modified to a large extent. In this project the MPEG-4 decoder has been designed from scratch, and the MPEG-2 encoder has been modified in such a way that it operates as specified in the MPEG-2 standard. The first part that was designed was the MPEG-4 decoder. This was due to the experience on that part from the pre-project and that it is the first part of the transcoder. Also, it was useful to produce input data to the encoder. Secondly, the MPEG-2 encoder was modified to operate as required. However, the amount of time spent on finding the errors and resolve them in this part was larger than assumed in the beginning of the project. There was found a way to downscale the resolution of a video in the frequency domain and thus, the Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform, IDCT, and Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT, modules were not needed in the design of the MPEG transcoder. However, the resolution scaler has not been designed in this project, but should be a part of the MPEG transcoder in the future. This should be done to further decrease the power consumption in the hand-held device. In other words, the resolution scaler would be a very important module of the MPEG transcoder and should be implemented in the future MPEG transcoder to make it more beneficial for use in the AHEAD system. During testing and verification, both the MPEG-4 decoder and the MPEG-2 encoder were found to be functioning as specified by the MPEG standards. A video was decoded from MPEG-4, transcoded to MPEG-2 and recognized as an MPEG-2 video that could be displayed in several media players showing good video quality. The results from the synthesis show that the complete MPEG transcoder would use 84% of the available resources on the FPGA that is available for experimental purposes in this project. Also, it shows that the designed MPEG transcoder could operate on a clock frequency of 54 MHz. This results in an MPEG transcoder that is capable of transcoding videos of at least full DVD quality, 720 x 576 pixels, at run-time, which is thought to be sufficient for most cases in AHEAD. Additionally, the transcoder would for most cases be able to transcode HD video of 1280 x 720 resolution, however this is depending on the degree of compression and the nature of the incoming MPEG-4 video. It is concluded in this Master thesis that it has been designed, tested and verified an MPEG transcoder that transcodes MPEG-4 video to MPEG-2 video. The MPEG transcoder is capable of handling at least DVD quality video, which should be sufficient for most cases in AHEAD. There has not been focused on incorporating the transcoded video in a transport stream at run-time in this project. However it is recommended to do so in a future transcoder system and the interface of the MPEG transcoder in this project has been described to make this easier. Also, an article explaining a method for doing resolution scaling in the frequency domain has been proposed. It has further been concluded that the MPEG transcoder designed in this project is a huge step toward having an MPEG transcoding system that can operate in the future AHEAD system. Additionally, it has been experienced that reusing other designers modules sometimes can be less convenient since the increased amount of time spent on debugging can exceed the extra time spent on designing it from scratch. This is because the self designed modules tend to be easier to debug.

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Mayr, Andreas [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer. "Die Idealstaatsmodelle in Platons "Nomoi" und Xenophons "Kyrupädie, "Hieron", "Die Verfassung der Spartaner" und "Die Verfassung der Athener" sowie die politischen Systeme Spartas und Athens im Vergleich / Andreas Mayr. Betreuer: Thomas Meyer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1102896985/34.

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Lester, Christopher Gorham. "Model independent sparticle mass measurements at ATLAS." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620423.

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Guintrand, Matthieu. "Sparte et la défense du Péloponnèse méridional du milieu du VIe siècle au milieu du IIe siècle av. J.C." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG1169/document.

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Cette recherche que nous proposons de conduire s’interroge sur la manière dont les Grecs organisaient la défense de leur territoire en prenant le cas de deux régions : la Messénie et la Laconie. Il s’agit de comparer deux régions voisines dont l’histoire est intimement liée, dont les peuples sont proches culturellement, mais aussi presque constamment en conflit. Nous montrons comment était organisée la défense de ces deux régions durant la période de domination de la Laconie sur la Messénie aux époques archaïque et classique. Puis nous étudions leur évolution séparée après que la Messénie ait été libérée. Cette recherche pose la question de la manière dont on s’approprie un territoire par la guerre, dont on assure sa défense à la fois contre l’agression venant de l’extérieur, mais aussi de l’intérieur. On s’interroge sur le sentiment d’appartenance à un territoire, sur la manière dont il est perçu ; mais aussi l’identité d’un peuple, ici les Messéniens qui, après une longue période de domination, réinvente son passé pour revendiquer la possession de son territoire. Pour cette recherche, nous utilisons les sources littéraires et les sources archéologiques que sont les fortifications. Celles-ci n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’étude historique pour la Messénie et la Laconie. Les fortifications sont devenues indispensables pour l’étude historique d’une région en Grèce antique, car elles portent en elles les traces de l’existence d’un site de sa naissance à son abandon, et elles nous offrent des informations qui souvent ne trouvent pas leur traduction dans les sources littéraires
This study aims to provide an inventory of knowledge about fortifications and and the development of defensive policies in the southern Peloponnese, from the mid-6th to the mid-2nd century BC. It is composed of a catalog of Fortifications known in this region (volume II) and a synthesis (volume I) of the development of fortifications and the defense of the cities
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Grellscheid, D. "Discrimination of supersymmetry breaking models from sparticle spectra." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599697.

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It is widely expected that over the next few years some evidence of low-energy super-symmetry (SUSY) will be found at collider experiments such as LHC, the Tevatron or a linear collider. This discovery would constitute a significant step in closing the current conceptual gap between experimental observations and proposed fundamental theories, which all make varying predictions about the mechanisms of SUSY breaking and the spectrum of resulting superparticles (sparticles). The focus of the search will therefore soon shift from the discovery of SUSY to more detailed studies of the proposed models of SUSY and SUSY breaking which would make it possible to select or rule out some models. Rather than analyzing the observable consequences of single points in the parameter space of SUSY breaking in detail, or reconstructing SUSY breaking parameters from low scale observables, I will present a procedure aiming to look at various models of SUSY breaking simultaneously. It does so by scanning over wide ranges of their input parameters to create an experimental footprint of each model in “measurement space”. The distance between these footprints gives a direct indication of the minimal set of measurements that is required to separate the models. This makes it possible to decide a priori whether two high scale models can be distinguished experimentally, and what measurement accuracy is necessary to do so. This procedure will be shown in a model scenario motivated by Type I string models. As soon as more than two dimensions are considered in the measurement space, it becomes impossible to obtain the spacing between the footprints by eye. Automatic techniques to judge the separation become necessary; a discussion of these, including the most promising one based on Genetic Algorithms, constitutes the latter part of this thesis.
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Books on the topic "Spartace"

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Gigliola, Calorì, ed. Poesie e Spartaco. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1993.

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Mancour, T. L. Spartacus. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.

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McLeese, Don. Spartans. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Pub., 2010.

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Matthews, Rupert. Spartans. New York, NY: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2016.

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Spartans. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Publishing Company, 2013.

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Spartans. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Pub., 2010.

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Spartacus. Armonk, N.Y: North Castle Books, 1996.

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Mancour, T. L. Spartacus: Star Trek: The Next Generation #20. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.

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Cadenas, Juan José Gómez. Spartana. Barcelona: Espasa, 2014.

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Spartacus. London: Bristol Classical, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spartace"

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O’Brien, Daniel. "I’m Spartacus!" In Classical Masculinity and the Spectacular Body on Film, 100–113. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137384713_6.

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Krügel, Christopher, Thomas Toth, and Engin Kirda. "Sparta." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 187–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46958-8_13.

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Powell, Anton. "Sparta." In A Companion to Sparta, 1–28. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072379.ch1.

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Hodkinson, Stephen. "Sparta." In A Companion to Sparta, 29–57. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072379.ch2.

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Flower, Michael A. "Spartan Religion." In A Companion to Sparta, 423–51. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072379.ch16.

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Millender, Ellen G. "Spartan Women." In A Companion to Sparta, 500–524. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072379.ch19.

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Powell, Anton. "Spartan Education." In A Companion to Ancient Education, 90–111. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119023913.ch5.

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Thommen, Lukas. "Verfassung." In Sparta, 91–111. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-98608-5_7.

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Thommen, Lukas. "Grundlagen." In Sparta, 1–20. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-98608-5_1.

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Thommen, Lukas. "Der Peloponnesische Krieg." In Sparta, 152–63. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-98608-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spartace"

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Sun, Zheng, Aveek Purohit, Raja Bose, and Pei Zhang. "Spartacus." In Proceeding of the 11th annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2462456.2464437.

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Sim, Hyeonuk, Jooyeon Choi, and Jongeun Lee. "SparTANN." In ISLPED '20: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3370748.3406554.

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Babu, Shivnath, Minos Garofalakis, and Rajeev Rastogi. "SPARTAN." In the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/375663.375693.

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Balkan, Deniz, Joseph Sharkey, Dmitry Ponomarev, and Kanad Ghose. "SPARTAN." In the 15th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1152154.1152194.

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Perros, Ioakeim, Evangelos E. Papalexakis, Fei Wang, Richard Vuduc, Elizabeth Searles, Michael Thompson, and Jimeng Sun. "SPARTan." In KDD '17: The 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3097983.3098014.

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Menet, François, Paul Berthier, Michel Gagnon, and José M. Fernandez. "Spartan Networks." In CCS '18: 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278486.

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Bishop, Benjamin, Thomas P. Kelliher, and Mary Jane Irwin. "SPARTA." In the 10th Great Lakes Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/330855.331037.

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Donyanavard, Bryan, Tiago Mück, Santanu Sarma, and Nikil Dutt. "SPARTA." In ESWEEK'16: TWELFTH EMBEDDED SYSTEM WEEK. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2968456.2968459.

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Liu, Jiawen, Jie Ren, Roberto Gioiosa, Dong Li, and Jiajia Li. "Sparta." In PPoPP '21: 26th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3437801.3441581.

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CRUDDACE, R., G. FRITZ, and D. SHREWSBERRY. "Space research and Spartan." In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-502.

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Reports on the topic "Spartace"

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Hu, Ping. Sparticle searches at CDF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192465.

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Moore, Stan Gerald, and Michail A. Gallis. Full Trinity Run with SPARTA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1528747.

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Polsgrove, Daniel E. Component Designs for SOAR's Spartan IR Camera. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374158.

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Gallis, Michael A., Timothy P. Koehler, and Steven J. Plimpton. Stochastic Particle Real Time Analyzer (SPARTA) Validation and Verification Suite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1323598.

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Gallis, Michael A., Timothy P. Koehler, and Steven J. Plimpton. Stochastic Particle Real Time Analyzer (SPARTA) Validation and Verification Suite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1324252.

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Lin, Y. T. SPARTAN: a simple performance assessment code for the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/59783.

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Alexander, Mona E. The C-27J Spartan Procurement Program: A Case Study in USAF Sourcing Practices for National Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566116.

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Fehmi, Jeffrey S., Robert L. McLeese, and Jonathan L. Casebeer. Initial Assessment of the Soil and Vegetation of the Illinois National Guard Sparta Training Area. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416295.

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Sparta, New Jersey, Flood of August 11-14, 2000. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024099.

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Sustainable-yield estimation for the Sparta Aquifer in Union County, Arkansas. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994274.

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