Journal articles: 'Spanish consumers'

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Ciudad-Mulero, Maria, Patricia Morales, Montaña Cámara, and Virginia Fernández-Ruiz. "Acceptance of New Formulations of Extruded Gluten Free Snacks Based on Pulse Flours by Spanish Millennial Consumers." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053083.

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Nowadays, the food industry has developed novel gluten free extruded snack type products made from pulses, which could be good candidates to promote pulse consumption as a sustainable food product, while also satisfying the consumer’s demand. Snack type products are a large part of the young people’s diets and impact health outcomes, so it is essential to offer them snacks with a better nutritional profile. In this study, 81 Spanish millennial consumers tasted “in situ” six different gluten free snacks based on pulse flour (lentil and chickpea) marketed in Spain. The aim of the present study was: (a) to evaluate the Spanish millennial consumers’ acceptance level of new pulse snack type products; (b) to evaluate the segmentation of the millennial consumers and understand the difference between the segments; (c) to evaluate the potential relationship between their nutrition food labelling and consumers’ acceptance. In general, the lentil formulations (with more protein, more fat and less fiber) obtained higher scores than those of the chickpea. In addition, a multidimensional statistical analysis, preference mapping, and a statistical analysis of agglomerative hierarchical clustering were performed. Consumers were grouped into three clusters based on their preferences, allowing a detailed study of consumer acceptance of the selected snacks. Cluster 1 like less the samples with less salt, and, on the contrary, these samples were preferred by Cluster 3. Cluster 2 is a group who like lentil snacks, regardless of their flavoring. It was observed that the consumer segments differ at least in their preference for saltiness. The findings of this study also showed that the nutritional composition of the analyzed snacks (as appears in nutrition labelling) was associated with Spanish millennial consumers’ acceptance and could provide valuable information to develop new snacks targeted at specific market niches, such as millennials. These data provide valuable insights when trying to anticipate Spanish millennial consumer acceptance of new gluten free pulse snacks.

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Karaosman, Hakan, Gustavo Morales Alonso, Mercedes Grijalvo, and Alessandro Brun. "The impact of ethical fashion on Spanish consumers." Dirección y Organización, no. 57 (December 11, 2015): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i57.481.

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This study examines the relationship between consumer behavior and ethical fashion by focusing on the fast-fashion retailing industry through Spanish consumers. Hence, it contributes to the ethical fashion and consumer behavior literature and provides noteworthy data for practitioners. The findings are supported by the quantitative analysis of surveys conducted with 462 Spanish consumers. The findings reveal that Spanish consumers have difficulties linking ethics to the fashion and apparel industry; furthermore, the ethical communication of fashion brands is not considered transparent. Lastly, it is concluded that ethical fashion has a positive impact on purchase behavior only when consumers have a high level of ethical concern.Keywords: Ethical fashion, Consumer behavior, Spanish consumer, Quantitative researchEl impacto de la ética en la moda para los consumidores españolesResumen: Se examina la relación entre el comportamiento del consumidor y la ética en la moda, contribuyendo a la literatura científica en el campo de la ‘moda ética’ y del comportamiento del consumidor, proporcionando interesantes datos para profesionales del mundo de la moda. Los resultados de 462 encuestas a consumidores revelan que éstos no vinculan el comportamiento ético y el mundo de la moda y consideran que la comunicación de la ética en dicho mundo no es transparente. Por último, se concluye que la ‘moda ética’ sólo impacta positivamente en la conducta de compra de los consumidores con una elevada preocupación ética.Palabras Clave: Moda ética, Comportamiento del consumidor, Consumidor español, investigación cuantitativa

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Areta, Álvaro, Isabel Bardají, and Belén Iráizoz. "Spanish wines in the US market: What attributes do US consumers look for in Spanish wines?" Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2018): e0120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017154-10006.

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This paper analysed the impact of different attributes in Spanish quality wines on United States (US) demand behaviour. A hedonic price model was estimated in order to assess the values that US consumers give Spanish wines. The main results showed that the most influential factor on sale price was aging, which had a positive impact. US consumers valued the quality ratings provided by experts, especially in the upper price categories. The year of vintage and size of the winery were considered medium importance factors in decision-making, with the latest vintages and the smallest wineries receiving the highest ratings. Geographical origin (appellation) helped to explain consumer preferences. Although colour was the least important attribute in consumers’ purchase decisions, red wines were the most highly rated in this attribute.

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Scarpato, Debora, Giacomo Rotondo, Mariarosaria Simeone, Andrés Gómez, and Pilar Gutiérrez. "How can food companies attract the consumer concerned about food safety? A logit model analysis in Spain." British Food Journal 119, no. 8 (August 7, 2017): 1705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2016-0616.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore food safety attitudes among a sample of Spanish consumers and determine which variables, among those studied, most affect the probability of the consumer being attentive to food safety. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted using a logit model. From the questionnaire 20 binary category variables were identified. Having selected the variable “Are you worried about safety food” as a dependent variable, the authors used binary logistic regression (Aldrich and Nelson, 1984; Borooah, 2002) to ascertain in what way the remaining 19 variables affect the likelihood of the consumer being particularly attentive to the healthiness and safety of food purchased. Findings The probability of the consumer being particularly attentive to food healthiness and safety, for the sample in question, is higher in consumers who stated that they were familiar with organic products, those who are attentive to fat contents in foods and those who value the presence of quality certification positively. Research limitations/implications Future research into Spanish consumers with the same methodology should target a larger sample in several Spanish cities. Originality/value This paper investigates not only Spanish consumer attitudes to food safety, but also how other variables can influence the probability of the consumer being concerned about food safety. This approach may be very useful for food companies to determine what strategies to adopt to attract the category of consumers who lend special importance to the food safety variable in their purchases.

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Ruiz Mafé, Carla, and Silvia Sanz Blas. "Teleshopping adoption by Spanish consumers." Journal of Consumer Marketing 24, no. 4 (July 3, 2007): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760710756020.

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Makarycheva, A. V., and E. V. Smirnova. "Wordplay in Spanish advertising discourse." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-4-33-177-188.

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The article comprehensively studies such a stylistic device as wordplay in advertising discourse on the example of the Spanish language. The main purpose of the study was to study the wordplay techniques in the Internet advertising banners, which in recent years have gained most popularity among potential consumers compared with other types of advertising, as well as to identify those that are most frequently used. The objectives of the study were to find, systematize and classify examples of wordplay, determine the frequency of their use, as well as their compatibility and reinforcement potential in conjunction with visual means. To achieve the goals set, a significant layer of Spanish-language advertising on the Internet was analyzed from both Spanish and Latin American sites; the most striking and illustrative examples were selected and classified, and ranked according to the frequency of their use. In many advertising banners on the Internet was revealed a reference to the cultural and social realities of Spanish-speaking countries, their national color, features, which allows one not only to better understand the realities of Spanish-speaking countries, but also the value orientations of local goods and services consumers. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the most striking and most commonly used wordplay techniques are dilogy and pun, whereas paronomasia, diaphora and folding word are less common. Quite rare in advertising are antimetaboles and acrostics, as well as palindrome, which is explained by their least expressiveness and attractiveness to the consumer. The material has proved that wordplay in the language of advertising is one of the key aspects in creating advertising texts on the Internet, since, in combination with visual means, this technique creates a strong emotional impact, draws the consumer's attention to the advertised product and contributes to its better implementation, which is the advertisers’ goal.

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Fernández-Ferrín, Pilar, Belén Bande, David Martín-Consuegra, Estrella Díaz, and Elisabeth Kastenholz. "Sub-national consumer ethnocentrism and the importance of the origin of food products: an exploratory analysis." British Food Journal 122, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 995–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2019-0746.

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PurposeThis study's main objective is to analyse the role of the consumer's ethnocentrism as a potential segmentation basis and to detect product origin-sensitive groups. The relationship between the consumer's regional ethnocentrism, local and regional identity and corresponding valuation and purchase of food products from a region is also examined.Design/methodology/approachThe responses of 358 consumers residing in two Spanish regions are analysed by means of a mediation analysis and a cluster analysis.FindingsThe results suggest the convenience of considering ethnocentric consumer tendencies, also at the regional level, when studying attitudes, valuation, information search and effective purchase of foods of diverse categories and origins.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this work derive from the assessment of consumer ethnocentrism at a subnational level (which is much less present in the literature) and the evidence of its usefulness for segmenting the market and detecting groups of origin-sensitive consumers, which can be useful to companies that produce and market food products in different regions.

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Bernabéu, Rodolfo, and Mónica Díaz. "Preference for olive oil consumption in the Spanish local market." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 4 (December 2, 2016): e0108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016144-10200.

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It is becoming ever more important for the olive oil industry in Spain to adopt a business strategy based on client orientation. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to identify the preferences of olive oil consumers and propose a series of business strategies for the producing sector. The methodology consisted in a survey of 404 olive oil consumers during the months of January and February 2013, whose preferences were determined through several multivariate techniques (conjoint analysis, consumer segmentation and a simulation of market share). The preferred olive oil is low priced, extra virgin and organic. The type of bottle does not appear to be relevant in the buying decision process, although it might be a factor in increasing market share. The current economic crisis has resulted in the emergence of two consumer segments; 67.1% of consumers selected the olive oil they buy on the basis of price and 32.9% were guided by the product’s specific attributes, which include, for example, organic production, which can be another differentiating element for producing companies.

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Martínez, Eva, and Teresa Montaner. "Characterisation of Spanish store brand consumers." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 36, no. 6 (May 9, 2008): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550810873947.

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Hart, Stephen M. "Call in Spanish the Consumers' View." ReCALL 2, no. 2 (May 1990): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000002354.

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In any language-teaching institution the teaching staff can legitimately be seen as consumers of the various teaching aids which are commercially available, ranging from the staple diet of books, set texts, secondary reading, to video material, slides, computer software, etc. Another way of interpreting the principle of consumership is that the students are the ultimate beneficiaries of the materials we use in our teaching. The extent to which our students benefit from our teaching is largely dependent on the materials that we have at our disposal. ‘Bad materials = bad teaching’ is a rather simplistic way of looking at this issue, but one which has a lot to commend itself in my view. Would we change our teaching methods if our students made constructive criticism? In a recent temporary teaching post I held as Visiting Associate Professor at the University of Kentucky, I was struck by the importance given across the board in the USA to official student surveys carried out by the college administration based on the professors' performance, the results of which can be crucial in the securement of tenure. The attitude in the UK (at least in the universities) is totally at odds with this particular sense of consumership, and one can imagine the degree of resistance that a plan to introduce a similar system of student assessment of lecturers might meet in this country, most obviously because students are not consumers in this country in quite the same sense that they are in the USA. Although the student assessment system itself clearly has its pitfalls there are some positive things to be gained from surveys of this kind, in that they can be very informative about student response to courses, teaching methods, etc., and can lead the way to improved teacher-student relations.

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Calvo Porral, Cristina, and Jean-Pierre Levy-Mangin. "Global brands or local heroes?: evidence from the Spanish beer market." British Food Journal 117, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2013-0174.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how consumers perceive and evaluate local and global brands – in a developed mature European market. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, four dimensions and two consequences of brand equity are evaluated, based on consumers’ standpoint. Structural equation modeling is carried out in order to analyze results obtained. Findings – The findings suggest that brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality exert the higher influence on consumers’ brand value; while there are relevant differences in consumer’s assessment toward local and global brands. Originality/value – This study provides local and global brand marketers with further specific knowledge on how to market and enhance their brands’ value in a globalized increasingly competitive world.

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Cuadras-Morató, Xavier, and Josep Maria Raya. "Boycott or Buycott?: Internal Politics and Consumer Choices." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0111.

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Abstract Does politics affect economic relations? In particular, do political tensions significantly affect consumer choices? The main objective of the paper is to study the consequences of political conflicts between Spain and Catalonia (a region of Spain) and the subsequent boycott calls on sales of Catalan sparkling wine (cava) in the Spanish market. We use data from sales of sparkling wine in supermarkets and similar outlets. To determine with precision the boycott period we use data on the number of news on the issue that appeared in the main national Spanish daily newspapers. The results of our econometric analysis indicate that the boycott calls triggered different consumers’ reactions in different territories. While consumers in some Spanish regions followed them and reduced their purchases of Catalan cava, there was also an anti-boycott reaction of Catalan consumers which led them to increase their consumption of the product. As a consequence of this, the boycott calls had an insignificant impact at the Spanish aggregate level. These results can be rationalized by the predictions of theoretical models of boycotts that include both the free riding and animosity motives.

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Pérez, Andrea, and María del Mar García de los Salmones. "How Do Consumers Face the Decision to Buy Fair Trade Products? A Marketing Approach." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 47, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 1057–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764018776370.

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In this article, we propose and empirically test a causal model to understand how consumer social orientation, the credibility of nonprofit organizations, the perceptions of fair trade products, and the attitudes toward the fair trade brand interact and affect the buying intentions of fair trade products in a sample of 292 Spanish consumers. The findings show that consumer social orientation has the greatest effect on buying intentions, above consumers’ perceptions of fair trade products, the credibility of the trading nonprofit organizations and consumers’ attitudes toward the fair trade brand. Actually, consumers’ attitudes toward the fair trade brand have no significant effect on consumers’ buying intentions. The findings also demonstrate that the credibility of nonprofit organizations only influences consumers’ buying intentions indirectly through consumers’ perceptions of the functional utilities of fair trade products.

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Ballco, Petjon, and Tiziana De Magistris. "Spanish Consumer Purchase Behaviour and Stated Preferences for Yoghurts with Nutritional and Health Claims." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112742.

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Nutritional and health claims are a useful tool for promoting healthier food choices and prevent non-communicable disease[s] (NCDs). Exhaustive literature that has investigated consumer evaluation of the presence of nutritional and/or health claim(s) during the decision-making process suggests that consumers’ sensitivity towards nutritional claims (NCs) and health claims (HCs) are still fragmented and should be further investigated. Our objective is to study the relationship between choice behaviour, attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics in order to evaluate the effectiveness of consumer characteristics in predicting Spanish consumers’ choice of products with NCs and HCs. A discrete choice experiment for yoghurt was conducted on a sample of 218 Spanish consumers, stratified by age, gender, education level, and income. Applying a latent class approach has enabled us to identify a niche of individuals, sensitive of NCs and HCs and to characterize them with respect to the rest of population. Results suggest that consumers positively valued most claims, however, the valuation was heterogeneous, and three consumer segments were identified: ‘health-claims oriented’, ‘nutritional- and health-claim oriented’ and ‘indifferent’. The results supply insights for the development of more targeted promotion campaigns, as well as for further actions in food marketing.

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Díaz Donate, Mónica, and Rodolfo Bernabéu Cañete. "Consumer Attitudes to Organic Foods. A Spanish Case Study." Studies of Applied Economics 34, no. 2 (May 24, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v34i2.3552.

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The purpose of the present study is to determine the various factors that influence attitudes towards the purchase of organic food. The methodology consisted in a survey of 463 consumers in the Castilla-La Mancha Region who purchased food items for their homes. A multivariate data analysis was carried out by means of Structural Equation Models (SEM), computed with the maximum likelihood method. Attitudes toward the purchase of organic foods are directly related to consumer lifestyle and are influenced by consumers’ attitude towards the environment as well. In this sense, lifestyle and environmental attitudes have a positive influence on the purchase of organic food.

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Baumgardner, Robert J. "English in Mexican Spanish." English Today 13, no. 4 (October 1997): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400009986.

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Madureira, Teresa, Fernando Nunes, José Veiga, and Pablo Saralegui-Diez. "Choices in Sustainable Food Consumption: How Spanish Low Intake Organic Consumers Behave." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111125.

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The consumption of organic products has consistently increased over the last decades, covering increasingly diversified consumers, both in the characteristics and the reasons associated with consumption. This heterogeneity evidences the need to examine in depth the reasons for the purchase and consumption of these products. The core aim of this study is related to the motivational drivers of organic consumption. The survey included 250 respondents from Andalusia (Spain) who completed an online questionnaire and personal interviews. A convenience sampling method was applied, and the best-worst scaling method allowed us to analyze ten attributes of organic purchasing behavior. Health benefits and environmental impact are the key attributes explaining the consumption of organic products. To deeply understand organic consumer motivations, we studied the influence of six classification variables over the studied attributes. Applying ordinal regressions, we found that having children under 18 at home and a consumer’s academic level contribute in a relevant way to explain the valorization of the health benefits attribute. Also, the place to purchase organic food and academic level correlates with the valuation of GMOs in food. Andalusia is one of the largest European regions for organic production but with minor relevance in consumption. Nevertheless, despite this apparent paradox, the results of the present study point to a consumer profile very similar to other European countries with consolidated organic consumption.

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Paraskova, P., J. Jordanov, A. V. A. Resurreccion, W. Moon, W. J. Florkowski, M. S. Chinnan, and L. R. Beuchat. "Consumer Acceptance of American Peanut Products by Bulgarian Consumers." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-1.

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Abstract A 1997 nationwide survey in Bulgaria revealed a high demand for roasted peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and peanut products. The study reported here was conducted to determine the level of acceptance by Bulgarian consumers of three American cultivars of roasted peanuts and to identify the type of commercial peanut butter preferred using sensory affective tests. Consumers (N = 601) participated in central location tests at an international fair in Plovdiv, Bulgaria in May 1999 to evaluate roasted peanuts (spanish type, cv. Georgia Green, and cv. Flavorunner) and three types of commercial American peanut butter [very low sodium (creamy), regular creamy, and extra crunchy]. Each consumer was interviewed and asked to evaluate these products by pointing at a printed 9-point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely, 9 = like extremely). Most (98.7%) of the participants were Bulgarian. Ages ranged from 18 to 50 yr (79.9%) or older (20.1%); 53.7% were females. The mean overall acceptance rating for roasted Flavorunner peanuts (6.9, like slightly) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that for Georgia Green (6.1, like slightly), which was significantly higher than for Spanish type (5.6, neither like nor dislike). Mean overall acceptance of extra crunchy peanut butter was higher (6.7, like slightly; P ≤ 0.05) than acceptance of regular creamy (6.4, like slightly) and very low sodium (5.4, neither like nor dislike) types. Consumers rated the overall acceptance of regular creamy peanut butter higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of very low sodium creamy peanut butter. Results of the survey indicate good potential for sale of Georgia Green and Flavorunner roasted peanuts and extra crunchy and regular creamy peanut butter in Bulgaria.

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Palacios-González, María Manuela, and Antonio Chamorro-Mera. "Analysis of Socially Responsible Consumption: A Segmentation of Spanish Consumers." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208418.

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The fight against the environmental and social problems faced by humanity requires a change in the consumption system. A new consumer is required, who takes into consideration that their acts are part of the cause of these problems, but also part of the solution to them. In order to design effective campaigns to promote socially responsible consumption, it is valuable to understand the profile of consumers who are most likely to act in this way. The objective of this work is to identify and describe segments of consumers according to their degree and type of socially responsible behavior. To do this, a survey of 415 Spanish consumers was conducted, using a multidimensional scale to measure socially responsible consumption. Four segments were identified: highly responsible, sensitive to origin, moderately responsible, and indifferent. Moreover, the individuals from these segments do not differ from each other due to their sociodemographic characteristics, but rather due to their attitudes towards these problems. Emotional engagement and the perception of personal effectiveness are the variables that differentiate the individuals in each segment, whereas the perception of personal gain is insignificant.

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Pradana, Mahir, Rubén Huertas-García, and Frederic Marimon. "Spanish Muslims’ halal food purchase intention." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0200.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence purchase intention of halal food among Spanish Muslim consumers. Data were obtained from a survey of 228 consumers living in various regions of Spain, then analyzed using the partial least squares technique. Our results showed that product awareness does not have an effect on purchase intention while other constructs do, including the mediating effect of consumers’ attitude towards halal label and moderating effect of religious involvement. This study thus contributes to the advancement of knowledge on factors that motivate the purchase intention of halal food.

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Noguera-Artiaga, Luis, Leontina Lipan, L. Vázquez-Araújo, Xavi Barber, David Pérez-López, and Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina. "Opinion of Spanish Consumers on Hydrosustainable Pistachios." Journal of Food Science 81, no. 10 (September 21, 2016): S2559—S2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13501.

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Abdelwahab, Dalia, Nadia H. Jiménez, Sonia San-Martín, and Jana Prodanova. "Between love and boycott: a story of dual origin brands." Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC 24, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sjme-12-2019-0105.

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Purpose This research aims to address ethnocentric consumers’ willingness to boycott dual origin brands, in the particular case of national brands linked to a very specific regional origin, through analysing the paradox of (unfavourable) regional ethnocentrism versus (favourable) consumer–brand relationship (i.e. brand identification, trust and love) on consumers’ decision to buy or boycott those brands in that circumstances. Building on social identity and cognitive dissonance theories, this study aims to examine the Spanish consumer relationship with national brands originated in Catalonia considering the current conflicting circumstances in the region. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data by means of personal questionnaires, distributed among 277 Spanish consumers of Catalan brands of Cava. The data is analysed by using structural equation modelling and linear structural relations. Findings After controlling for brand familiarity, the results of this study reveal that ethnocentrism negatively distorts consumers’ confidence in dual origin brands and highlight the role of identification and trust as brand love antecedents. It also reveals that ethnocentrism has a more profound impact on boycotting decision than brand love. Originality/value This study is one of the few to capture the puzzlement created by the paradoxical nature of the brand’s duality of origin. Furthermore, it contributes to the marketing literature by examining the impact of ethnocentrism on two relationship variables (i.e. identification and trust) and exploring their joint impact on consumers’ decision to buy or boycott. The findings of this study can be helpful for companies facing boycotting behaviour triggered by ethnocentric consumer reaction towards dual origin brands.

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Angón, Elena, Francisco Requena, Javier Caballero-Villalobos, Miguel Cantarero-Aparicio, Andrés Luís Martínez-Marín, and José Manuel Perea. "Beef from Calves Finished with a Diet Based on Concentrate Rich in Agro-Industrial By-Products: Acceptability and Quality Label Preferences in Spanish Meat Consumers." Animals 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12010006.

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Conjoint analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of some of the main extrinsic attributes and quality labels of beef in three Spanish cities (Córdoba, Marbella, and Santa Pola) in a study performed with 300 individuals. Consumers were segmented according to their frequency of consumption. Willingness to pay for different meats was also calculated from the conjoint analysis results. Consumer liking of beef that had been finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products and aged for three different durations as compared to conventionally finished beef was also evaluated using the same consumers. The most important attribute for Spanish consumers was the price (28%), followed by origin (25%), animal welfare certification (19%), protected geographical indication (14%), and organic agriculture certification (14%). Most consumers preferred beef from Spain at the lowest possible price and with the highest number of quality labels. Consumers were willing to pay a premium of 1.49, 3.61, and 5.53 EUR over 14 EUR/kg for organic certification, protected geographical indication, and animal welfare certification, respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that, for regular consumers, beef finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products offered several hedonic advantages (color, flavor, and tenderness) when compared to beef finished using a conventional diet, while occasional consumers did not find any difference between the two kinds of meat.

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Kan, Gongjian, Gérard Cliquet, and Maria Puelles Gallo. "The effect of country image on hypermarket patronage intention." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2012-0080.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural influences that country image has on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention in China and Spain. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling is utilised to examine the competency of the model in explaining both Spanish and Chinese consumers' intention to patronize major hypermarket brands in their own countries. Findings – This study has tested the applicability of TRA model in both the China case and the Spain case and confirmed the role of national culture in influencing retail patronage behaviour. In Spain, country image has a direct effect on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention while in China this effect is indirect. In deciding on their patronage behaviours, Spanish consumers tend to rely more on the experience attributes of a hypermarket store and are less likely to be affected by subjective norms. In contrast, Chinese consumers have stronger ethnocentric tendencies in hypermarket shopping behaviour than do Spanish consumers. Research limitations/implications – The coverage and components of the sample are limited. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of country image scale has not been tested thoroughly. Practical implications – Foreign hypermarket managers in China should attach special importance to enhancing the experience attributes of their stores and realize the important role of subjective norm in affecting consumers' retail patronage behaviour in collectivist cultures. In addition, multinational retailers in China need to forge a sound image of “corporate citizen” in order to diminish the negative impact of consumer ethnocentrism on their operations. Originality/value – This paper for the first time tests a model developed in western contexts to explain retailer patronage behaviour in an eastern country and examines the cultural differences of country image effects on this behaviour.

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Escribano, Alfredo J., Maria Belen Peña, Carlos Díaz-Caro, Ahmed Elghannam, Eva Crespo-Cebada, and Francisco J. Mesías. "Stated Preferences for Plant-Based and Cultured Meat: A Choice Experiment Study of Spanish Consumers." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158235.

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Meat production and consumption have been claimed to have negative impacts on the environment, and even on the consumer’s health. In this sense, alternative sources of protein, mainly meat substitutes and cultured meat, have emerged due to those perceived negative effects. Our paper carries out a choice experiment to analyze the preferences of 444 Spanish consumers and their willingness to pay for plant-based and cultured meats, as compared to conventional meat. Spain was considered of interest for this study due to its significant gastronomic culture, with high-quality meat products that make a great contribution to the economy, meaning that this could be a suitable and also challenging market in which to test alternative sources of protein. The findings show that consumers’ motivations and their interactions with these products are complex. Additionally, a cluster analysis allowed us to identify three types of consumers in terms of preference for these products: price-sensitive millennials, conscious/concerned consumers, and indifferent consumers. Only one group showed some level of acceptance of these alternative products meats.

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Piva, Cesar Rosso, José Luis Lopez Garcia, and Wyn Morgan. "The ideal table grapes for the Spanish market." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 28, no. 2 (August 2006): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452006000200023.

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This paper seeks to explore a survey of consumers in Spain. The survey explores the attributes of quality that consumers are seeking and promotion of grapes via "quality" marks, which are indicators of possible ways to increase demand. The reason consumers are switching to other foods, such as dairy based snacks, is that grapes are not easy to eat, can be unreliable in terms of their quality attributes, and their price more variable. Consumers are also generally unaware of the marks quality currently used.

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Lami, Olda, Francisco J. Mesías, Celia Balas, Carlos Díaz-Caro, Miguel Escribano, and Andrés Horrillo. "Does Carbon Footprint Play a Relevant Role in Food Consumer Behaviour? A Focus on Spanish Beef." Foods 11, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233899.

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Carbon footprint has become a reference indicator of the environmental impact of food production. Governments are increasingly demanding a trend towards low-carbon-footprint production in order to reduce the impact on climate change. In this sense, the study of consumers’ preferences and assessment of products from the perspective of their carbon footprint is crucial to achieve a green and circular economy. This paper specifically attempted to assess consumer preference and willingness to pay for beef that has been carbon-footprint-labelled as an attribute. In order to attain this objective, a choice experiment was designed and applied to a total of 362 Spanish consumers. The results revealed a positive preference towards beef produced in low-carbon-footprint systems. In addition, the segmentation of these consumers revealed the existence of a group of consumers who prioritise environmental impact over product price.

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Martínez Otero, Juan María. "“Better Not to Know?”: Justifiable Limits on the Right to Information in the Realm of dtc Genetic Testing. An Analysis of the European and Spanish Legal Framework." European Journal of Health Law 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12023441.

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The rapid advance of genetics increases the availability in the market of different genetic tests, which can be acquired directly by consumers without the intermediation of a healthcare professional. Both the European and the Spanish legal framework have restricted the access to these direct-to-consumer (dtc) genetic tests on the grounds of different reasons, such as the protection of consumers or the preservation of public health. The present article discusses these legal restrictions under the light of the right to information.

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Magalhaes, Danielle Rodrigues, María Teresa Maza, Ivanor Nunes do Prado, Giovani Fiorentini, Jackeline Karsten Kirinus, and María del Mar Campo. "An Exploratory Study of the Purchase and Consumption of Beef: Geographical and Cultural Differences between Spain and Brazil." Foods 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010129.

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Beef consumption and production in Spain and Brazil are different with the consumption of beef in Brazil being three times higher than in Spain. In addition, there are variations in the economic value of production and in the traceability system. Therefore, the aim of this research was to understand the purchasing and consumption patterns using the customer behavior analysis technique of focus groups, which analyzed motivations for the consumption of beef, classifying their preferences by the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes at the time of purchase. The key aspect of the consumption of beef, both for Spanish and Brazilian consumers, was personal satisfaction/flavor. Spanish consumers were more conscious than Brazilians of the beneficial and harmful qualities that meat provides. The presence of fat was the factor that most restricted intake in both countries. The most important intrinsic attributes for Spanish and Brazilian consumers were the visual aspects of the meat: color, freshness, and the quantity and disposition of fat. The most important extrinsic characteristics were the price and expiration date. Spanish consumers see packaged meat as convenient and safe, although it is considered by Brazilians to be over-manipulated. The traceability certification on the label provides credibility to the product for the Spanish but only partially for Brazilians.

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Durham, Sharon. "New Spanish peanut variety for consumers and growers." Crops & Soils 48, no. 3 (May 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2015-48-3-8.

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Albisu, L. M., and J. A. Dominguez. "SPANISH CONSUMERS' BEHAVIOUR WITH RESPECT TO WINE ADVERTISING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 203 (June 1987): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.203.25.

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Durham, Sharon. "New Spanish Peanut Variety for Consumers and Growers." CSA News 60, no. 5 (May 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2015-60-5-2.

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Bárcenas, Pedro, Francisco J. Pérez‐Elortondo, Jesús Salmerón, and Marta Albisu. "Recalled preference of Spanish consumers for smoked food." Nutrition & Food Science 98, no. 6 (December 1998): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810235341.

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Belén del Río, A., Rodolfo Vázquez, and Víctor Iglesias. "The effects of brand associations on consumer response." Journal of Consumer Marketing 18, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 410–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760110398808.

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This paper studies the dimensions of brand image, focusing on the functions or value of the brand as perceived by consumers. In this way, four categories of functions are identified: guarantee, personal identification, social identification and status. By way of hypotheses, it has been proposed that these functions have a positive influence on the consumer’s willingness to recommend the brand, pay a price premium for it and accept brand extensions. The hypotheses have been tested in the Spanish sports shoes market and were partially supported. The results obtained confirm the convenience of analyzing brand associations separately and enable the ascertaining of the brand associations that are the most relevant in order to attain certain consumer responses.

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Oliver, Barry, Blanca Pérez-Gladish, and Paz Méndez-Rodríguez. "Corporate social responsibility, stock salience, and the asymmetric market impact of consumer sentiment news on Spanish firms." Review of Behavioral Finance 7, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-05-2014-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify whether the Spanish stock market experiences a negativity effect on the announcement of Spanish consumer sentiment information and if firms that are signatory to the UN Global Compact on corporate social responsibility are relatively more salient in the minds of investors. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use consumer sentiment announcements to show how the negativity effects on the Spanish stock market are significantly influenced by how salient the stock is in the minds of investors. If a firm’s stock exhibits negativity effects on the release of consumer sentiment information then this stock is salient to investors. If firms who are signatory to the UN Global Compact exhibit significant negativity effects, it could be concluded that these stocks are salient, particularly if firms that are not signatory to the Global Compact do not exhibit a similar negativity effect. Findings – The IBEX35 index experiences significant negativity effects upon the release of Spanish consumer sentiment announcements. This is similar to that reported in other countries, notably Australia and the USA. Using the constituent firms in the IBEX35 index, the authors find that those firms that are signatory to the UN Global Compact are significantly more likely to experience negativity effects upon the release of Spanish consumer sentiment information than if they are not signatory to the Global Compact. This indicates that firms that are part of the UN Global Compact are more salient to investors. Research limitations/implications – Available published Spanish data on consumer sentiment. Practical implications – Little is understood of the impact that consumer sentiment announcements have on stock prices. Studies in USA and Australia have identified significant negativity effects in stock markets when consumer sentiment information is released. This research has found that a psychological negativity bias occurs in firms that are salient to investors. Salience has been found to be important in asset pricing. Originality/value – This paper tries to find out which companies are more likely to sign the UN Global Compact. These companies are more sensitive to consumer sentiment, because they depend on the everyday decisions of the consumers. The more the companies depend on consumers, the more they care about them. And, when the consumer sentiment goes down, they are more affected by this sentiment. These firms are also more worried about the long term. They are not only thinking about the profits in the short term but also about maintaining the generation of profits in the long term.

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Aranda, Evangelina, Mar Gómez, and Arturo Molina. "Consumers’ brand images of wines." British Food Journal 117, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 2057–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2014-0299.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the formation of denomination of origin brand image in two different Spanish wine regions. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of wine consumers was selected in two denominations of origin (DOs): Rioja and La Mancha. Partial least squares method was used to estimate the measurement and the proposed structural model. A multi-group analysis was also employed to determine the main differences between both wine umbrella brands. Findings – The main components that contribute to the creation of brand image were tested: functional image and reputation, and affective image. The comparison found that the values obtained for La Mancha are significantly inferior to those of Rioja as regards affective image. Research limitations/implications – The choice of two Spanish wine regions and the analysis of wine consumers who were purchasing in wine shops suggest future research works that will consider not only extending the number of wine brands studied, but will also cover other kinds of commercial establishments, differentiating the place of consumption or suggesting a variety of wine styles. Practical implications – The results obtained suggest the relevance of DOs in the commercialisation of wines, and consequently the activities and alliances that should be developed to improve the main components of brand image. Originality/value – A multi-group analysis focused on two Spanish DOs has been used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each umbrella brand. The basis used for this has been the study of functional and affective aspects in one of the most traditional wine countries in Europe, Spain. This research is of value to academics, wineries and public institutions, as it may allow them to design marketing and commercialisation strategies.

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Horrillo, Andres, Carlos Diaz-Caro, Eva Crespo-Cebada, David Tejerina-Barrado, Francisco Mesias, Antonio Rodriguez-Ledesma, and Susana Garcia-Torres. "Perceptions of Spanish consumers towards novel lamb burgers enriched with natural antioxidants and healthy fatty acids." Italian Journal of Food Science 34, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v34i4.2246.

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This paper explores the perceptions of Spanish consumers on the use of natural antioxidants and healthy fatty acids in novel formulations of lamb burgers to improve their nutritional content and shelf life. Focus groups have been used to obtain information on burger consumption and purchase, as well as on the opinions about the use of natural ingredients. Results highlight the importance consumers place on the presence of ingredients that help improve product quality, and their acceptance to pay a premium. The use of cherry or pecan nut is a valid option, provided that consumer trust is promoted through adequate information policies.

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Gracia, Azucena, Ana María Sánchez, Francesc Jurado, and Cristina Mallor. "Making Use of Sustainable Local Plant Genetic Resources: Would Consumers Support the Recovery of a Traditional Purple Carrot?" Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166549.

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Local plant genetic resources are of vital importance for the resilience of the agroecosystems, especially under conditions of global climate change. The diversification of production using these resources is postulated as an alternative for the development of rural areas with non-optimal farming conditions and/or disadvantaged by depopulation. However, in order to sustainably utilize local genetic resources, their use has also to provide products accepted by consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate consumer acceptance of a local purple carrot that is a Spanish landrace at risk of genetic erosion from Teruel, a province in the Aragón region seriously affected by depopulation and extreme weather conditions, to contribute to its sustainable recovery. Consumer preferences for carrots with different characteristics (color, price, variety, and production system) were studied, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for the local purple carrots was assessed. Data from a survey conducted in this Spanish region was used. We identified two segments of consumers with different willingness to pay, hedonic liking, and intention to purchase the purple local carrots. These traditional purple carrots would be accepted by the segment of consumers more willing to pay for and more likely to purchase these carrots. The traditional purple carrots should be promoted, emphasizing that they are produced by a local landrace whose purple color is due to anthocyanic pigments with known antioxidant properties.

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Brugarolas, Margarita, Laura Martínez-Carrasco, Adrián Rabadán, and Rodolfo Bernabéu. "Innovation Strategies of the Spanish Agri-Food Sector in Response to the Black Swan COVID-19 Pandemic." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121821.

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Health, financial, and social crises cause variations in the buying behaviour of food consumers as well as in the value they assign to food attributes and the place of purchase, leading to consumers with profiles that are more susceptible to these changes than others. Thus, it was observed that 61.4% of consumers modified their buying behaviour at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with those who modified it the most being the people who stockpiled the most food and went panic buying more often. This has made it possible to establish the profile of different significant consumer segments, and as a response, food production/distribution companies can implement different innovative strategies aimed at decreasing the impact of stockpiling and, therefore, the shortage of food. The possible strategies that companies can put into effect are creating a stock of non-perishable foods, increasing production capabilities in a sustainable way and, especially in light of the results obtained, boost the online sale and distribution of foods, with the goal of decreasing the amount of people in shops (which decreases the spreading of the pandemic and favours health) and preventing consumers from observing possible circumstantial shortages that would only encourage stockpiling and panic buying, even among consumers who have not changed their buying behaviour.

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Gómez, Mónica, and Angel Fernández. "Consumer-Level Factors That Influence Store Brand Proneness: An Empirical Study With Spanish Consumers." Journal of Euromarketing 18, no. 1 (2009): 023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9768/0018.01.023.

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Gomez, Monica, and Angel Fernandez. "Consumer-Level Factors That Influence Store Brand Proneness: An Empirical Study With Spanish Consumers." Journal of Euromarketing 18, no. 1 (January 2009): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496480902865207.

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Espejel, Joel, Carmina Fandos, and Carlos Flavián. "Antecedents of Consumer Commitment to a PDO Wine: An Empirical Analysis of Spanish Consumers." Journal of Wine Research 22, no. 3 (November 2011): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2011.622516.

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Mallou, Jesús Varela, Antonio Rial Boubeta, and Teresa Braña Tobío. "Consumer Preferences and Brand Equity Measurement of Spanish National Daily Newspapers: A Conjoint Analysis Approach." Spanish Journal of Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 2001): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005643.

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Brand is a product attribute that, for many types of goods or services, makes a major contribution to consumer preferences. Conjoint analysis is a useful technique for the assessment of brand values for a given consumer or group of consumers. In this paper, an application of conjoint analysis to the estimation of brand values in the Spanish daily newspaper market is reported. Four newspaper attributes were considered: brand (i.e., newspaper name), price (0.60, 1.05, or 1.50 euros), Sunday supplement (yes/no), and daily pullout (yes/no). A total of 510 regular readers of the national press, stratified by age and sex, were asked to rank 16 profiles representing an orthogonal fraction of the possible attribute-level combinations. Brand was by far the most important attribute, whereas price had negligible effect. More generally, the results confirm the utility of conjoint analysis for assessing brand equity in the newspaper market and for estimating the relative importance of the various attributes to different subgroups of consumers.

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Guadalupe, Grobert A., María Jesús Lerma-García, Ana Fuentes, José Manuel Barat, María del Carmen Bas, and Isabel Fernández-Segovia. "Presence of palm oil in foodstuffs: consumers’ perception." British Food Journal 121, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 2148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2018-0608.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the presence of palm oil in food products on sale, and to study and compare consumers’ opinions about this oil type in Spain (importing country) and Peru (producing country). Design/methodology/approach Recent news published in both countries, which could influence consumer perceptions, were analysed. A study on the labelling of foodstuffs in Spain was carried out, as was a survey with Spanish and Peruvian consumers. Findings Palm oil was found in a large number of products and in a wide range of foods, especially those from the bakery sector. The percentages of saturated fats varied substantially within the same product type. Spanish consumers showed much more interest in the labelling and information on nutritional properties, especially energy values, saturated fats and sugars, while Peruvians focused more on energy values, and protein, vitamin and mineral contents. In Spain, palm oil was considered the worst quality fat/oil and had a clearly negative effect on both health and the environment. In Peru, palm oil was neither perceived by the majority of respondents as low quality oil nor associated with negative health effects. However, they were aware of the environmental problems that could result from its production. Originality/value These results confirm that the food industry should make efforts to reduce or replace palm oil in foods, mainly in Spain, as most consumers believe that palm oil negatively affects their health and the environment.

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Gorostidi-Martinez, Haritz, Weimin Xu, and Xiaokang Zhao. "A review of Spanish consumers’ product-country image of China." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 29, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 589–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-09-2016-0160.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to facilitate and clarify the perceptions of Spanish consumers towards China, its people, and its products, while outlining the overall contemporary Chinese product-country image (PCI) within the Spanish market. Design/methodology/approach A 52-item construct was adapted from former PCI scales from cross-cultural equivalence, including “country image”, “personal image”, “product image”, “general knowledge about China”, and “personal data”. Overall, 215 valid structured questionnaires were gathered. Findings The current study provides: a PCI literature review; hypotheses results concerning Spanish citizens’ views of Chinese products’ price, quality, technicality, inventiveness, and known brands concepts; descriptive statistics and results graphs for each of the PCI sections; and correlations of other variables with the five product image variables within the construct. Research limitations/implications Implementing standardized, longitudinal consumer studies that facilitate better comprehension of PCI evolution within a specific market emerged as a future research agenda. Originality/value The data informed both the Chinese public and private organizations’ managers of the importance of adapting to the market and non-market environments within Spain to avoid the liability of country of origin effect.

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Boronat-Navarro, Montserrat, and José Antonio Pérez-Aranda. "Consumers’ perceived corporate social responsibility evaluation and support: The moderating role of consumer information." Tourism Economics 25, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 613–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618812297.

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This study analyzes how consumers’ evaluations of various dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their support of it and how consumers’ searches for CSR information influence such evaluations. The empirical analysis relies on data on CSR from a wide representative sample of 3543 Spanish hotel consumers. We use hierarchical multiple regressions to test the relationships and use factorial analysis to test the validity of the different CSR dimensions. The proposed positive effects of legal, ethical, economic, philanthropic, and environmental dimensions of CSR on consumers’ support for corporate reputation, the selection of an establishment, and future purchase intention are corroborated, although they are only partially corroborated in the case of the economic dimension. These relationships are moderated in some cases by consumers’ search for information about hotels’ CSR practices. Managerial and economic implications are derived from the results.

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Tarjuelo, Laura, José Emilio Pardo, Manuel Álvarez-Ortí, Arturo Pardo-Giménez, Cristina Millán, and Adrián Rabadán. "Development of Seed-Oil Based Dried Sausages, Considering Physicochemical and Nutritional Quality and the Role of Food Neophobia." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153106.

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A growing number of consumers now consider the consumption of processed meat products to be an essentially unhealthy habit. Hence, the reformulation of meat products is crucial. In this regard, the aim of this study is to reformulate “fuet”, a traditional Spanish dried sausage, by replacing the pork fat with emulsified seed oils (50%–50%, 25%–75% and 0%–100%). Four seed oils were evaluated, including commercial seeds (poppy and chia) and other seeds considered subproducts (melon and pumpkin). Physical parameters, nutritional quality and consumer evaluation of the reformulated dried sausages were analyzed. Additionally, we considered the effects of food neophobia on consumer evaluation. The resulting fuets had a higher concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids, which varied according to the oil used. In the sensory analysis, non-neophobic consumers showed higher preference for the reformulated fuets, while all consumers gave their highest ratings to the fuets produced with pumpkin seed oil.

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Buitrago-Vera, J., C. Escribá-Pérez, A. Baviera-Puig, and L. Montero-Vicente. "Consumer segmentation based on food-related lifestyles and analysis of rabbit meat consumption." World Rabbit Science 24, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4229.

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Market segmentation divides the market into small groups of consumers who share similar characteristics. As all consumers within the same group have a common profile, marketing strategies can be adapted to target a specific type of consumer. Owing to the rapid changes in today’s society, consumer lifestyle has become the ideal criterion for market segmentation. In this study, we employed the food-related lifestyle model, which scholars have shown to be suitable and valid in several countries. Using data from a survey (with 3.53% error), we segmented the Spanish food market based on consumers’ food-related lifestyles. For each segment, we identified the consumer profile and analysed consumers’ consumption of rabbit meat. Factor analysis and cluster analysis yielded 4 segments: (i) ‘Unconcerned’ (36.8% of the sample) mainly consists of male consumers. Consumers in this segment value neither the freshness nor the price/quality ratio of their food items and consume rabbit meat rarely (39.4%) or sporadically (29.3%). (ii) ‘Cooks’ (18.4%) predominantly consists of middle-aged women. Consumers in this segment are highly demanding and critical of the quality of food products. They like cooking and are regular consumers of rabbit meat (40.6%). (iii) ‘Out-of-home consumers and convenience shoppers’ (28.6%) mostly consists of consumers aged between 25 and 34 y old and contains a large proportion of upper-class consumers. Consumers in this segment prefer to eat out and consume convenience products. This segment has the second highest percentage of regular consumers of rabbit meat (36.9%). The segment also has the second highest percentage of consumers who rarely or never eat rabbit meat (43.9%). (iv) ‘Rational purchaser with little interest in cooking’ (16.2%) has the highest proportion of consumers aged 55 to 74 y old. Consumers in this segment have the least interest in cooking, the most interest in the purchasing process, and the lowest consumption of rabbit meat (51.1% consume little or no rabbit meat).

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Fernández Ruiz, V., S. Martín, M. C. Sánchez Mata, and M. Cámara. "PREFERENCE MAPPING OF KETCHUP ATTRIBUTES - SPANISH CONSUMERS CASE STUDY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 971 (January 2013): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.971.24.

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Boito, Bruna, Eduardo Lisbinski, Maria Del Mar Campo, Ana Guerrero, Virginia Resconi, Tamara Esteves de Oliveira, and Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos. "Perception of beef quality for Spanish and Brazilian consumers." Meat Science 172 (February 2021): 108312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108312.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spanish consumers'

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