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Academic literature on the topic 'Spallation sources'

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Published: 9 March 2023
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Journal articles on the topic "Spallation sources"

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Mezei, F. "Long pulse spallation sources." Physica B: Condensed Matter 234-236 (June 1997): 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(97)00271-8.

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Fragopoulou, M., S. Stoulos, M. Manolopoulou, M. Krivopustov, and M. Zamani. "Dose Measurements around Spallation Neutron Sources." HNPS Proceedings 16 (January 1, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2581.

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Neutron dose measurements and calculations around spallation sources are of importance for an appropriate shielding study. Two spallation sources, consisted of Pb target, have been irradiated by high-energy proton beams, delivered by the Nuclotron accelerator (JINR), Dubna. Dose measurements of the neutrons produced by the two spallation sources were performed using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). In addition, the neutron dose after polyethylene and concrete was calculated using phenomenological model based on empirical relations applied in high energy Physics. Analytical and experimental neutron benchmark analysis has been performed using the transmission factor. A comparison of experimental results with calculations is given.
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Fragopoulou, M., M. Manolopoulou, S. Stoulos, R. Brandt, W. Westmeier, M. Krivopustov, A. Sosnin, S. Golovatyuk, and M. Zamani. "Shielding around spallation neutron sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 41 (May 1, 2006): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/41/1/058.

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Fragopoulou, M., M. Manolopoulou, S. Stoulos, R. Brandt, W. Westmeier, M. Krivopustov, A. Sosnin, S. Golovatyuk, and M. Zamani. "Shielding around spallation neutron sources." HNPS Proceedings 14 (December 5, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2263.

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Spallation neutron sources provide more intense and harder neutron spectrum than nuclear reactors for which a substantial amount of shielding measurements have been performed. Although the main part of the cost for a spallation station is the cost of the shielding, measurements regarding shielding for the high energy neutron region are still very scarce. In this work calculation of the neutron interaction length in polyethylene moderator for different neutron energies is presented. Measurements which were carried out in Nuclotron accelerator at the Laboratory of High Energies (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) and comparison with calculation are also presented. The measurements were performed with Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs).
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Watanabe, N. "Next-generation Japanese spallation sources." Physica B: Condensed Matter 213-214 (August 1995): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00360-l.

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Perlado, J. M., M. Piera, and J. Sanz. "Option for spallation neutron sources." Journal of Fusion Energy 8, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01051648.

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Lander, Gerard H., and David L. Price. "Neutron Scattering with Spallation Sources." Physics Today 38, no. 1 (January 1985): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881009.

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Bryant, P. J. "Neutron spallation sources in Europe." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 51, no. 1 (November 1996): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(96)00423-9.

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Thomae, R., R. Gough, R. Keller, M. Leitner, K. Leung, D. Meyer, and M. Williams. "Measurements on H− sources for spallation neutron source application." Review of Scientific Instruments 71, no. 2 (February 2000): 1213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150431.

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Fomin, Nadia, Jason Fry, Robert W. Pattie, and Geoffrey L. Greene. "Fundamental Neutron Physics at Spallation Sources." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 72, no. 1 (September 26, 2022): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121521-051029.

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Low-energy neutrons have been a useful probe in fundamental physics studies for more than 70 years. With advances in accelerator technology, many new sources are spallation based. These new, high-flux facilities are becoming the sites for many next-generation fundamental neutron physics experiments. In this review, we present an overview of the sources and the current and upcoming fundamental neutron physics programs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spallation sources"

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CAZZANIGA, CARLO. "Fast neutron measurements for fusion and spallation sources applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/54259.

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Questa è una tesi sperimentale riguardante misure di neutroni veloci di interesse per la fusione termonucleare e le sorgenti a spallazione. Alcune tecniche specifiche di spettroscopia ad alti tassi di conteggio ed alta risoluzione sono state studiate e sviluppate per queste applicazioni. In particolare rivelatori al cristallo singolo di diamante (SDD), Telescopi di Protoni di Rinculo (TPR) e scintillatori LaBr3 sono stati studiati con esperimenti presso il tokamak JET (UK), la sorgente a spallazione ISIS (UK) ed altri acceleratori.
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FENG, SONG. "Fast neutron-based instruments for application to fusion and spallation sources." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241283.

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As the increasing interest in MeV range neutrons for applied physics studies, the development of dedicated fast neutron-based instruments, which have the capabilities to deal with complex background and to measure high counting rate (MHz), is demanded. This thesis presents the development both on a fast response scintillation detector that has been developed as a neutron emission monitor for deuterium beam diagnostics on large current negative beam test facility (like ELISE or SPIDER), and on the design and test of Telescope Proton Recoil (TPR) neutron spectrometers dedicated for neutron spectrum measurements on the fast neutron beam line ChipIr at ISIS. These instruments have been studied at accelerator-based platforms, tested at the ISIS spallation neutron source, as well as been applied in dedicated experiments on ELISE. Development of the two types of fast neutron-based instruments in applications to fusion and spallation neutron sources are presented in the following two parts: (1). Measurement of the deuterium beam-target neutron emission that occurs when the deuterium beam penetrates in the metallic dump of the NBI (neutral beam injector) prototype has been proposed as a means of diagnostics on beam homogeneity at SPIDER and MITICA. In order to present the deuterium beam profile by measuring the produced neutrons from the DD reactions between the deuterium beam and deuterons previously implanted in the beam dump, a relative model should be built to predict the neutron emission based on understanding the process of deuterium implantation in dump, and to aid the CNESM detection system which is based on the GEM technique for beam profile diagnostics in SPIDER. To this end, a calibrated EJ301 liquid scintillation detector has been developed and used on ELISE to measure the time trace of neutron emission and to benchmark calculations based on the Local Mixing Model (LMM), which has been applied to describe the deuterium implantation in the dump. The scintillation detector shows good capabilities on neutron/gamma-rays discrimination and radioactive resistance. In particular, a similar liquid scintillator will be installed at SPIDER as a neutron emission monitor. (2). On the atmospheric-like fast neutron beam-line ChipIr, which is designed for electronics radiation studies at ISIS, direct measurement of the neutron spectrum and flux distribution could be used for characterizing the neutrons profile and benchmarking the simulations. As the challenges of high intensity neutrons, wide energy range and complex background, TPR neutron spectrometers have been proposed as an effective way by applying the deltaE-E technique and coincidence analysis. In this thesis, two types of TPR spectrometers based on silicon detectors (silicon-based TPR) and a YAP scintillator together with silicon detectors (scintillator-based TPR), respectively, have been designed and tested. Two prototypes of scintillator-based TPR have been designed for long-term measurements as the good radioactive resistance of YAP scintillators. The response of the used YAP scintillator to protons has been studied up to 80 MeV. Two scintillator-based prototypes have been tested on ChipIr and ROTAX beam line, respectively. With the collimator installed on the ROTAX beam line for incident neutrons, the triple coincidence scintillator-based TPR shows a good capability on charged particles discrimination and background suppression. The prototype of silicon-based TPR, which consists of four silicon detectors, has been tested on the ROTAX beam line. The recoil proton spectrum obtained by the two types of TPR prototypes on the ROTAX beam-line have been compared. Results show the possible of high intense neutrons measurements by using the silicon-based TPR.
As the increasing interest in MeV range neutrons for applied physics studies, the development of dedicated fast neutron-based instruments, which have the capabilities to deal with complex background and to measure high counting rate (MHz), is demanded. This thesis presents the development both on a fast response scintillation detector that has been developed as a neutron emission monitor for deuterium beam diagnostics on large current negative beam test facility (like ELISE or SPIDER), and on the design and test of Telescope Proton Recoil (TPR) neutron spectrometers dedicated for neutron spectrum measurements on the fast neutron beam line ChipIr at ISIS. These instruments have been studied at accelerator-based platforms, tested at the ISIS spallation neutron source, as well as been applied in dedicated experiments on ELISE. Development of the two types of fast neutron-based instruments in applications to fusion and spallation neutron sources are presented in the following two parts: (1). Measurement of the deuterium beam-target neutron emission that occurs when the deuterium beam penetrates in the metallic dump of the NBI (neutral beam injector) prototype has been proposed as a means of diagnostics on beam homogeneity at SPIDER and MITICA. In order to present the deuterium beam profile by measuring the produced neutrons from the DD reactions between the deuterium beam and deuterons previously implanted in the beam dump, a relative model should be built to predict the neutron emission based on understanding the process of deuterium implantation in dump, and to aid the CNESM detection system which is based on the GEM technique for beam profile diagnostics in SPIDER. To this end, a calibrated EJ301 liquid scintillation detector has been developed and used on ELISE to measure the time trace of neutron emission and to benchmark calculations based on the Local Mixing Model (LMM), which has been applied to describe the deuterium implantation in the dump. The scintillation detector shows good capabilities on neutron/gamma-rays discrimination and radioactive resistance. In particular, a similar liquid scintillator will be installed at SPIDER as a neutron emission monitor. (2). On the atmospheric-like fast neutron beam-line ChipIr, which is designed for electronics radiation studies at ISIS, direct measurement of the neutron spectrum and flux distribution could be used for characterizing the neutrons profile and benchmarking the simulations. As the challenges of high intensity neutrons, wide energy range and complex background, TPR neutron spectrometers have been proposed as an effective way by applying the deltaE-E technique and coincidence analysis. In this thesis, two types of TPR spectrometers based on silicon detectors (silicon-based TPR) and a YAP scintillator together with silicon detectors (scintillator-based TPR), respectively, have been designed and tested. Two prototypes of scintillator-based TPR have been designed for long-term measurements as the good radioactive resistance of YAP scintillators. The response of the used YAP scintillator to protons has been studied up to 80 MeV. Two scintillator-based prototypes have been tested on ChipIr and ROTAX beam line, respectively. With the collimator installed on the ROTAX beam line for incident neutrons, the triple coincidence scintillator-based TPR shows a good capability on charged particles discrimination and background suppression. The prototype of silicon-based TPR, which consists of four silicon detectors, has been tested on the ROTAX beam line. The recoil proton spectrum obtained by the two types of TPR prototypes on the ROTAX beam-line have been compared. Results show the possible of high intense neutrons measurements by using the silicon-based TPR.
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ALBANI, GIORGIA. "High-rate thermal neutron gaseous detector for use at neutron spallation sources." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158135.

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Il problema, rilevato a livello globale, circa la progressiva riduzione di disponibilità di 3He, ha indotto la comunità scientifica ad intraprendere un’intensa fase di ricerca e sviluppo con lo scopo di trovare tecniche di rivelazione di neutroni alternative a quelle standard basate su 3He. Queste nuove tecnologie, oltre ad avere un’efficienza comparabile a quella dei tubi a 3He, devono risultare idonee ad effettuare misure in sorgenti ad alto flusso di neutroni come la futura European Spallation Source (ESS). In questa tesi di dottorato si ripercorre lo sviluppo di un rivelatore a gas per neutroni termici in grado di supportare ratei di conteggio pari ai MHz/mm2. Il rivelatore è basato sulla tecnologia del Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) ed è dotato di un “convertitore” contenente 10B4C, la cui geometria è stata ottimizzata per rivelare neutroni termici tramite la reazione di cattura nucleare 10B(n,α)7Li. Quattro prototipi, con quattro differenti convertitori, sono stati testati in sorgenti di neutroni a spallazione e in reattori nucleari. L’evoluzione dei convertitori riflette il miglioramento delle performance del rivelatore, in particolare l’efficienza (ε = 40% at λ = 4 Ang) e la risoluzione spaziale (FWHM ~ 6mm). Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti con questa nuova tecnologia si è instaurata una collaborazione con ESS allo scopo di ottimizzare il rivelatore oggetto del presente studio, che verrà quindi installato nel sistema di rivelatori di LoKI, una delle prime linee di fascio ad entrare in funzione a ESS.
Due to the current worldwide 3He-shortage the present neutron scientists are facing the challenge of finding alternative technologies to 3He as a thermal neutron detector with a high-rate capability to profit of the high flux of modern spallation sources like European Spallation Source (ESS). The aim of the presented PhD project is the development of a high-rate thermal neutron gaseous detector for applications in spallation sources. The detector is based on the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology and is provided with a geometrically optimised "converter", as boron carbide 10B4C layers, in order to detect thermal neutrons through the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction. Four detector prototypes with different converters geometry were constructed and tested in spallation sources. The evolution of the converter technology goes with the improvement of detector performance such as efficiency (ε = 40% at λ = 4 Ang) and spatial resolution (FWHM ~ 6mm). On the base of the performance results obtained with this new technology a collaboration with ESS was established with the aim to develop a thermal neutron detector with a boron-based 3D converter, as a part of the detector system of LoKI, a SANS instrument and one of the first to be constructed.
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Hong, Qian. "Monte Carlo calculation and analysis of neutron and gamma fields at spallation neutron sources for simulating cosmic radiation." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16647/.

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The research of the neutron induced Single Event Effect (SEE) at aircraft altitudes or at ground level are very important since the neutron radiation is able to cause serious errors or damages on electronic components and system. TheWeapons Neutron Research (WNR) facility at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), and ANITA (Atmospheric-like Neutrons from thIck TArget) facility at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) both provide spallation neutron source for radiation testing of electronic components. A local beam monitoring system was successfully developed by S. Platt and L. Zhang in the University of Central Lancashire for measuring neutron dosimetry during accelerated SEE testing of electronic devices with using silicon photodiode. However, such silicon photodiode is sensitive to gamma-ray as well. For above reasons, characterization of neutron and gamma fields at spallation neutron sources used for accelerated SEE testing has become the purpose of this work. Monte Carlo calculation of radiation fields at spallation neutron source was used to characterize neutron and gamma energy spectra for accelerated single event effect testing. Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking version 4) toolkit, using Monte Carlo method, was used to simulate a preliminary model of spallation neutron source at LANSCE (ICE House, WNR) and TSL (ANITA) for understanding physical mechanisms of neutron and gamma interactions with matter. At first, two preliminary spallation neutron sources on basis of WNR (ICE House) and ANITA facilities were modeled with using two intra-nuclear cascade models (bertini, binary) provided by Geant4 reference physics lists. The result of neutron spectrum with binary INC model agrees well with LANSCE measurement data and independent calculation results in each case. In this computation, gamma dose rates at WNR and ANITA were calculated, and gamma dose rate from the simulation is consistent with the ANITA measurement results. The results of photon energy spectra with using Geant4 toolkit presents a continuum between 0.1MeV and 10MeV, and the annihilation peak at 0.5MeV. However, calculation results of neutron spectrum at ANITA facility with using binary INC model match ANITA measurements less well in absolute neutron yield above 20MeV, which is likely due to the missing geometry components in preliminary spallation neutron source simulation. A more complex model of ANITA facility was constructed with adding bending magnet, shielding components, detector system, and collimator, which makes modelling as realistically as possible. The discrepancy in absolute neutron yield between simulation results and measurements data has improved at Standard User Position (SUP) of ANITA facility, in contrast with the preliminary modelling of ANITA neutron source. At the same time, a new position referred as Close User Position (CUP) was investigated in order to compare with ANITA measurement informed by Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) simulation results. The neutron spatial distribution, radius effect for neutrons, neutron beam profiles, and time of flight spectra were calculated at the SUP and CUP positions for different collimator apertures of 3 cm, 10.2 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. A comparison of simulated neutron beam profiles folded with 238U (n, f) cross-section with ANITA measurements at the SUP and CUP-TOF positions was used for validating improved ANITA neutron source modelling. The neutron beam profiles in the horizontal direction were predicted with using Geant4, which filled the gap of geometrical limitation at ANITA facility for accelerated single event effect testing. It is the first time to predict gamma dose rate at the SUP and CUP positions for 3 cm, 10.2 cm, and 30 cm collimators with using Geant4 modelling of ANITA neutron source. In addition, the gamma dose rate at the SUP position is consistent with ANITA measurement data. Finally, the gamma yield, photon spatial distribution, dose rate against energy are considered for gamma field at the SUP and CUP positions, which have contributed to understand and analyse gamma interactions with matter.
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REBAI, MARICA. "Fast neutron instrumentation for beam diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28449.

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This thesis concerns the development of fast neutron instrumentation for beam diagnostic. Two kind of detectors have been developed. The first is a diamond detector for fast neutron measurements at the ChipIr beamline of the ISIS spallation neutron source (Didcot, UK). ISIS is a 50Hz-pulsed source in which neutrons are produced by 800 MeV protons interacting on a heavy metal target. The second is a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector developed for measurements of the neutron emission map in the deuterium beam prototype facility for the ITER fusion reactor under construction at the RFX site (Padova). Measurements of the so-called Single Event Effects (SEE) are the main application of the ChipIr beamline. SEEs are a potential threat to the robustness of integrated circuits featuring dimensions of tens of nanometers. SEEs occur when a highly energetic particle causes a disruption of the correct operation of an electronic component by striking its sensitive regions. Recent studies have shown that the neutron component above 1 MeV of the cosmic ray radiation is the primary contribution to SEEs for heights < 10 km. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of electronic devices to SEEs, fault-tolerant design techniques must be employed, and extensive analyses are needed to qualify their robustness. Experiments with atmospheric neutrons can be carried out but, due to the low intensity, they require very long periods of data acquisition. Neutron sources represent an opportunity due to the availability of high intensity fluxes which allow for accelerated irradiation experiments. Recent experiments performed at ISIS on the VESUVIO beamline demonstrated the suitability of ISIS for this kind of application. The new ChipIr beamline will provide an atmospheric-like neutron spectrum with a multiplication factor around 10^8. A crucial task for ChipIr design is the development of a neutron beam monitor for measurements of the neutron fluence in the MeV energy range. The detector developed in this thesis as a beam monitor for ChipIr is a Single-crystal Diamond Detector (SDD). Neutron detection using diamonds is based on the collection of the electrons/holes pairs produced by the energy deposited in the crystal following neutron reactions with carbon. First tests were performed in 2009 using a prototype SDD. The device features a p-type/intrinsic/metal Schottky barrier structure where the active (intrinsic) detection layer is obtained by chemical-vapour deposition. Both Time of Flight (ToF) only and biparametric (ToF and pulse height) measurements were successfully performed. Measurements were also performed using a Fission Diamond Detector (FDD). A FDD is a device based on a single crystal diamond coupled to a natural uranium converter foil. The biparametric data collection allowed us to distinguish events from 235U, 238U and from carbon break-up reactions inside the diamond. Limitations to quantitative analysis due to the initial choice of detector thickness and instrumental settings were highlighted by the tests. In a new set of experiments performed in July 2010, April 2011 and October 2011 a new fast neutron detector was tested. The measurements showed three characteristics regions in the biparametric spectra: -background events of low pulse heights induced by gamma-rays; -low pulse height events in the neutron ToF region corresponding to En in the range 2.4-5.7 MeV which are ascribed to elastic scattering on 12C; -large pulse height events in the ToF region corresponding to En>6 MeV which are ascribed to 12C(n,α)9Be and 12C(n,n')3α reactions. Neutron energy information was found to be contained both in the pulse height and in the ToF data, which suggests that SDDs are good candidate detectors for spectroscopy in fast neutron irradiation experiments. The use of diamond detectors as beam monitors requires further characterization of their response to monoenergetic neutrons. The second detector developed in this thesis is a nGEM detector able to map the neutron intensity produced in the SPIDER/MITICA beams at the Consorzio RFX in Padova. The ITER neutral beam test facility under construction in Padova will host two experimental devices: SPIDER, a 100 keV negative hydrogen/deuterium beam, and MITICA, a full scale, 1 MeV deuterium beam. A number of diagnostics will be deployed in the two facilities to qualify the beams. The aim of this thesis was to design a neutron diagnostic for SPIDER, as a first step towards the application of this diagnostic technique to MITICA. The proposed detection system is called CNESM which stands for Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping. CNESM is placed right behind the beam dump, as close as possible to the neutron emitting surface. It shall provide the map of the neutron emission on the surface of the beam dump. The latter is a rectangular panel made of water cooled pipes used to stop the incoming beam. The CNESM diagnostic system uses nGEM as neutron detectors. These are Gas Electron Multiplier detectors equipped with a cathode that also serves as neutron-proton converter. The diagnostic was designed on the basis of simulations of the different steps, from the deuteron beam interaction with the beam dump to the neutron detection in the nGEM. The deuteron deposition inside the dump was simulated with the TRIM code in order to provide the deposition profile. Neutron emission occurs via fusion reactions between the deuterium beam and the deuterons implanted in the beam dump surface. Neutron scattering in the beam dump was simulated using the MCNPX code. The nGEM cathode is at about 30 mm from the beam dump front surface. It is composed of two layers (polyethylene + aluminum) each ~50μm thick. The aluminum layer stops all protons that are emitted from the polyethylene at an angle higher than 40° relative to the normal to the cathode surface. This means that most of the detected neutrons at a point of the nGEM surface are emitted from the corresponding 40X22 mm^2 beamlet footprint on the dump front surface. The nGEM readout pads (area 20X22 mm^2) will record a useful count rate of ~5 kHz providing a time resolution of better than 1 s. Each nGEM detector maps the neutron emission from a group of 5X16 beamlets: as many as 16 nGEM detectors would be needed to cover the entire beam dump. The effect of the directional detector response due to the Al foil is to decrease the FWHM value to about 30 mm. This level of spatial resolution is adequate for unfolding the neutron source intensity from the 2D event map in the nGEM detector. The first nGEM detector prototype was tested at the FNG neutron source in Frascati, where the directional response of the nGEM cathode to neutrons was verified. The successful design of the CNESM neutron diagnostic for SPIDER provides the basis for its application to MITICA (X100 larger neutron fluxes expected), where it will be particularly useful to resolve the horizontal beam intensity profile.
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Attale, Frédéric. "Systèmes sous-critiques : caractérisation et influence de la source de neutrons sur la neutronique du réacteur." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10077.

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Des protons de quelques centaines de mev et au dela interagissant avec une cible nucleaire epaisse de numero atomique eleve emettent un grand nombre de neutrons rapides (de quelques mev) par spallation. Ces neutrons constituent la source de neutrons d'un systeme hybride de production d'energie. Nous montrons que nous pouvons caracteriser avec une parametrisation assez simple, reliee a la physique, les distributions radiales, longitudinales et energetiques de cette source etendue de neutrons. Cette parametrisation a ete testee pour differentes energies de faisceau avec differents codes de spallation et differentes structures de cible. De plus, cette parametrisation permet l'etude de l'influence de la repartition spatiale et energetique de cette source sur la neutronique du milieu multiplicateur sous-critique entourant la cible de spallation. Les resultats obtenus au travers de l'experience feat (first energy amplifier test) qui eut lieu au cern en automne 1994, montrent la validite de cette parametrisation. Cette parametrisation permet d'avoir une bonne representation de la source de neutrons, elle offre la possibilite de faire des benchmarks en cible epaisse, donnant directement a l'utilisateur des informations sur la taille de la source et ses spectres en energie et elle permet d'etudier la sensibilite de la neutronique aux parametres.
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Jonnerby, Jakob. "Accumulator Ring Design for the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227509.

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In this thesis, the design of a high intensity accumulator ring for the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam (ESSnuSB) is considered. The European Spallation Source (ESS) linear accelerator (Linac), presently being constructed in Lund, Sweden, presents an interesting opportunity to also host an experiment to detect neutrino CP violation. 0.7 ms long H- pulses would be accelerated to 2 GeV and collide with a target, producing pions which then decay into neutrinos. To focus the pions a toroidal magnet (''neutrino horn'') is pulsed with a 350 kA current. The peak current is about 5 μs long, which requires the H- pulses to be shortened to about the same length using an accumulator ring that is located between the linac and the target. The H- would be stripped of their electrons using either a thin carbon foil or a laser beam during injection into the ring. Foil stripping is limited by the lifetime of the foil, which depends on the temperature to which it is heated by the beam. The temperature is simulated in a computer model and the results indicate that it does not rise above the critical temperature (2500 K). The high number of protons (1015) circulating in the ring could cause instabilities due to the collective charge of the particles, known as the space charge effect. The space charge tune shift is calculated for the ESSnuSB and different solutions are discussed. The result of a design accumulator lattice for the ESSnuSB, based on the Spallation Neutron Source, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, U.S., and made using the computer program Methodical Accelerator Design (MAD), is presented.
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David, Jean-Christophe. "Spallation : comprendre (p)ou(r) prédire (!) ?" Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811587.

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Ce mémoire de HDR traite d'une dizaine d'années de travaux autour de la modélisation des réactions de spallation. Ces réactions sont définies comme l'interaction nucléaire entre une particule légère, le plus souvent un nucléon, et un noyau atomique à une énergie de l'ordre de 100 MeV à 2-3 GeV. Deux étapes les caractérisent. Une phase rapide, la réaction directe appelée aussi cascade intra- nucléaire, et une phase plus lente, la désexcitation du noyau issu de la première phase. À partir de l'association du code développé par le groupe pour la cascade, INCL4, et du code de désexcitation Abla, de GSI, sont présentés les différentes facettes des réactions de spallation. D'abord la physique et les codes sont présentés, ce sont ensuite les différents types de validations des modèles qui sont exposés, puis les multiples domaines dans lesquels la modélisation de la spallation joue un rôle, pour enfin, tirant profit de tout ce qui aura été dit et d'autres travaux passés, montrer les différents voies qu'il reste à explorer ou redécouvrir.
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Dashdorj, D. "Spin distribution in preequilibrium reactions for 48Ti + n." Washington, D.C : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (US); 6 Apr 2005.
Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "UCRL-TH-211400" Dashdorj, D. 04/06/2005. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
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Malkowski, Susan Kate. "MAGNETIC SHIELDING STUDIES FOR THE NEUTRON ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT EXPERIMENT AT THE SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physastron_etds/1.

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The neutron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source requires an overall magnetic shielding factor of order 105 to attenuate external background magnetic fields. At present, the shielding design includes an external (room-temperature) multi-layer μ-metal magnetic shield, a cryogenic (4 Kelvin) Pb superconducting shield, and a cryogenic (4 Kelvin) ferromagnetic shield composed of Metglas ribbon. This research determined how to construct a Metglas shield using minimal material that produced axial and transverse shielding factors of ~267 and ~1500. In addition, the μ-metal and Metglas shields were modeled using finite element analysis. The FEA model includes external coils and their effect on the residual magnetic fields. This study will help with the design of the shielding.
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Books on the topic "Spallation sources"

1

Al-Sharify, Talib A. Calculations of spallation neutron sources. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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E, Koehler Paul, ed. Astrophysics, symmetries, and applied physics at spallation neutron sources. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2002.

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Workshop on Astrophysics, Symmetries, and Applied Physics at Spallation Neutron Sources (2002 Oak Ridge National Laboratory). ASAP 2002: Astrophysics, symmetries, and applied physics at spallation neutron sources. Edited by Koehler Paul E and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Singapore: World Scientific, 2002.

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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Research., ed. Department of Energy review of the National Spallation Neutron Source Project. Washington, D.C: The Department, 1997.

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Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources (1997 Orlando, Florida). Materials for spallation neutron sources: Proceedings of the Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources : Orlando, Florida, February 10-12, 1997, held in conjunction with the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: TMS, 1998.

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Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources (1997 Orlando, Fla.). Proceedings of the Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources, Orlando, Florida, February 10-12, 1997: Held in conjunction with the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1998.

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Workshop, on Neutron Scattering Research with Intense Spallation Neutron Source "Today and Tomorrow" (1987 Tsukuba Kenkyū Gakuen Toshi Japan). Proceedings of the Workshop on Neutron Scattering Research with Intense Spallation Neutron Source, "Today and Tomorrow": First meeting of Japan-UK Collaboration in Neutron Scattering Research : Tsukuba, October 6-7, 1987. Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan: National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, 1988.

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1933-, Avignone F. T., Gabriel T. A, and Savannah River Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) Project., eds. The Savannah River Accelerator Project and complementary spallation neutron sources: Proceedings of the Accelerator Production of Tritium Symposium, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA, May14-15, 1996. Singapore: World Scientific, 1998.

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Ed, Kawai M., Kikuchi K. Ed, and Kō-enerugī Kasokuki Kenkyū Kikō (Japan), eds. Proceedings of 4th Workshop on the materials science and technology for spallation neutron source. Tsukuba, Japan: KEK, 2003.

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RCED, United States General Accounting Office. Laboratory research: State of Tennessee exempts DOE's Spallation Neutron Source Project from sales and use taxes. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spallation sources"

1

Lindroos, M., S. Molloy, G. Rees, and M. Seidel. "11.4 Spallation Sources." In Accelerators and Colliders, 514–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23053-0_44.

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Schoenborn, Benno P., and Eric Pitcher. "Neutron Diffractometers for Structural Biology at Spallation Neutron Sources." In Neutrons in Biology, 433–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5847-7_37.

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Pynn, Roger. "Neutron Scattering Instrumentation for Biology at Spallation Neutron Sources." In Neutrons in Biology, 33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5847-7_5.

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Enqvist, T., W. Wlazło, J. Benlliure, F. Rejmund, P. Armbruster, M. Bernas, A. Boudard, et al. "New Method and Data on Residue Production in Spallation by 208Pb on Protons for the Design of Spallation Sources." In Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications, 1097–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18211-2_176.

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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. "Neutron Spectrum." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 125–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_5.

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AbstractThe subcritical multiplication factor is considered an important index for recognizing, in the core, the number of fission neutrons induced by an external neutron source. In this study, the influences of different external neutron sources on core characteristics are carefully monitored. Here, the high-energy neutrons generated by the neutron yield at the location of the target are attained by the injection of 100 MeV protons onto these targets. In actual ADS cores, liquid Pb–Bi has been selected as a material for the target that generates spallation neutrons and for the coolant in fast neutron spectrum cores. The neutron spectrum information is acquired by the foil activation method in the 235U-fueled and Pb–Bi-zoned fuel region of the core, modeling the Pb–Bi coolant core locally around the central region. The neutron spectrum is considered an important parameter for recognizing information on neutron energy at the target. Also, the neutron spectrum evaluated by reliable methodologies could contribute to the accurate prediction of reactor physics parameters in the core through numerical simulations of desired precision. In the present chapter, experimental analyses of high-energy neutrons over 20 MeV are conducted after adequate preparation of experimental settings.
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Scholz, Bjorn. "COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source." In Springer Theses, 15–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99747-6_3.

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Hashimoto, Kengo. "Subcriticality." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 13–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_2.

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AbstractFor a subcritical reactor system driven by a periodically pulsed spallation neutron source in KUCA, the Feynman-α and the Rossi-α neutron correlation analyses are conducted to determine the prompt neutron decay constant and quantitatively to confirm a non-Poisson character of the neutron source. The decay constant determined from the present Feynman-α analysis well agrees with that from a previous analysis for the same subcritical system driven by an inherent source. Considering the effect of a higher mode excited, the disagreement can be successfully resolved. The power spectral analysis on frequency domain is also carried out. Not only the cross-power but also the auto-power spectral density have a considerable correlated component even at a deeply subcritical state, where no correlated component could be previously observed under a 14 MeV neutron source. The indicator of the non-Poisson character of the present spallation source can be obtained from the spectral analysis and is consistent with that from the Rossi-α analysis. An experimental technique based on an accelerator-beam trip or restart operation is proposed to determine the subcritical reactivity of ADS. Applying the least-squares inverse kinetics method to the data analysis, the subcriticality can be inferred from time-sequence neutron count data after these operations.
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Womersley, John. "The European Spallation Source: Designing a Sustainable Research Infrastructure for Europe." In The Economics of Big Science, 33–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52391-6_5.

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Abstract The paper briefly outlines some of the key challenges in building sustainable support for any science megaproject, using the European Spallation Source (ESS) as an example. Beyond the project’s imminent socio-economic impact the essay also reflects on the broader question of how public investments in large-scale “Big Science” projects can tackle the present global inequalities by reshaping the current forces of globalization, offering more opportunities for participation and empowering marginalized groups that often feel excluded.
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Verma, Vinod Kumar, and Karel Katovsky. "Spallation Neutron Source, Multiplication and Possibility of Incineration." In Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Systems, 31–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7503-2_3.

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Lucas, A. T., and K. Schippl. "Special Transfer Lines for the Spallation Neutron Source." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1017–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_114.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spallation sources"

1

Alonso, Jose R. "Ion source requirements for pulsed spallation neutron sources." In Joint meeting of the seventh international symposium on the production and neutralization of negative ions and beams and the sixth European workshop on the production and applicaton of light negative ions. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51268.

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CHOU, WEIREN. "SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE AND OTHER HIGH INTENSITY PROTON SOURCES." In Selected Lectures of OCPA International Accelerator School 2002. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702807_0010.

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OBLOZINSKY, PAVEL. "APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS AT SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES." In Proceedings of the Workshop on ASAP 2002. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776242_0009.

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Sommer, Walter F. "Materials performance experience at spallation neutron sources." In The international conference on accelerator-driven transmutation technologies and applications. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49084.

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Daemen, L. L., P. D. Ferguson, W. F. Sommer, and M. S. Wechsler. "Radiation damage effects at spallation neutron sources." In The international conference on accelerator-driven transmutation technologies and applications. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49123.

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KOEHLER, P. E. "NEUTRON NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS AT SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES." In FPPNB-2000. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811189_0010.

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Futakawa, Masatoshi, Takashi Naoe, Masayoshi Kawai, Bengt Enflo, Claes M. Hedberg, and Leif Kari. "Mercury Cavitation Phenomenon in Pulsed Spallation Neutron Sources." In NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS - FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS: 18th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics - ISNA 18. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2956185.

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Pabst, M., K. Bongardt, and A. P. Letchford. "Critical beam dynamical issues in neutron spallation sources." In Space charge dominated beams and applications of high brightness beams. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51084.

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Bauer, Guenter S. "Medium-power spallation neutron sources for research applications." In 4th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques: Neutrons and their Applications, edited by George Vourvopoulos and Themis Paradellis. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.204148.

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Han, B. X., M. P. Stockli, R. F. Welton, S. N. Murray Jr., T. R. Pennisi, and M. Santana. "Emittance characterization of the spallation neutron source H− injector." In THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2012). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792818.

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Reports on the topic "Spallation sources"

1

Daemen, L. L., G. S. Kanner, R. S. Lillard, D. P. Butt, T. O. Brun, and W. F. Sommer. Modeling of water radiolysis at spallation neutron sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674880.

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Jason, A., B. Blind, and P. Channell. A high power accelerator driver system for spallation neutron sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257444.

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Russell, G., R. Brown, M. Collier, and J. Donahue. Spallation source neutron target systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/262964.

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Meth, M., and J. M. Brennan. Spallation neutron source/proposed rf system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194838.

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Sommer, W. F. Rationale for a spallation neutron source target system test facility at the 1-MW Long-Pulse Spallation Source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/176808.

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Russell, G. J., D. J. Weinacht, P. D. Ferguson, E. J. Pitcher, J. D. Court, and G. L. Greene. Supporting technologies for a long-pulse spallation source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/304129.

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DiStefano, J. R., E. T. Manneschmidt, and S. J. Pawel. Materials Compatibility Studies for the Spallation Neutron Source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903.

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Johnson, J. O. Spallation Neutron Source Beam Dump Radiation Shielding Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885859.

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Elliott, Steven Ray. The COHERENT Experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222694.

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Henderson, Stuart, Alexander V. Aleksandrov, Christopher K. Allen, Saeed Assadi, Dirk Bartoski, Willem Blokland, F. Casagrande, et al. The Spallation Neutron Source Beam Commissioning and Initial Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242669.

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