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Jenkins, Katie, and Rachel Warren. "Drought-Damage Functions for the Estimation of Drought Costs under Future Projections of Climate Change." Journal of Extreme Events 02, no. 01 (August 2015): 1550001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737615500013.
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Drought events and their impacts pose a considerable problem for governments, businesses and individuals. Superimposed on this is the risk of anthropogenic climate change. Climate models are increasingly being used to understand how climate change may affect future drought regimes. However, methodologies to quantify economic costs which could occur under these future scenarios are virtually non-existent. In this study, historic drought events were identified in regional precipitation data using the Standardized Precipitation Index, and their magnitude quantified and linked to reported economic costs. Drought damage functions were created for Australia, Brazil, China, India, Spain/Portugal and the USA. Projections of drought magnitude for 2003–2050 were modeled using the Community Integrated Assessment System, for a range of climate and emission scenarios, and future economic costs estimated. Severe and extreme drought events were projected to cause estimated additional losses ranging between 0.04 and 9 percent of national GDP in Australia, the USA and Spain/Portugal under future scenarios of climate change. The combined effect on global GDP from projected long-term drought events in the countries analyzed resulted in additional annual losses of 0.01 to 0.25 percent. This is considered conservative as the analysis is representative of seven countries only; does not incorporate the possibility of successive drought events, or compounding effects on vulnerability from interactions with other extreme events. Furthermore, it excludes indirect economic effects; social and environmental losses; the possibility of increasing vulnerability due to changing socio-economic conditions; and the possibility of irreversible or systemic collapse of economies as the study highlighted that under future climate change drought magnitude may exceed current experience potentially passing thresholds of social and economic resilience. Stringent mitigation had little effect on the increasing impacts of drought in the first half of the 21st century, so in the short-term adaptation in drought "hot spots" will be crucial.
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Codó, Eva, and Jessica McDaid. "English language assistants in the 21st century." Language, Culture and Society 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.00017.cod.
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Abstract Although the figure of the English language assistant (ELA) dates back a long while, its current popularity is unprecedented in some areas of the world. Such is the case of Spain, where the goal of raising English standards among the younger generations has become a national obsession. Using critical ethnographic methods, this paper examines the experience of three British LAs placed in secondary schools in Barcelona. It draws on a focused case study of one of them – combined with ethnographic snapshots of the other two, interviews with school teachers and regional programme administrators, relevant programme publications, and social media data. The analysis reveals three major tensions shaping the ELA experience in the 21st century revolving around: (a) the underspecified and unskilled nature of the job; (b) its culturalist imagination and state diplomacy mission; and (c) the native speaker ideology constituting its raison d’être. This paper provides new insights into the intertwining of the ELT infrastructure with global travel and tourism capitalised as skill boosters for employability purposes, and showcases the importance of foreign language education as a soft power tool.
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Stein, Ruth E. K. "Children with chronic conditions in the 21st century." Journal of Urban Health 75, no. 4 (December 1998): 732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344503.
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Tuntevski, Nikola. "Livability of social state in the 21st century – conditions, opportunities, perspectives." HORIZONS.A 22 (November 20, 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/horizons.a.22.1.18.p13.
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Terziev, Venelin, and Preslava Dimitrova. "SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPLMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF 21ST CENTURY." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801273t.
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The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.
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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and Mário Vaz. "Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080299.
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The Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th Century. Obtained data were compared with a sample where 392 cases of neo-slavery in Brazil are described. The energy spent and the energy supplied was calculated to identify the enslaved workers’ general feeding conditions in the two historical periods. The general conditions of food and water supply were analysed. It was possible to identify three comparable parameters: food quality, food quantity, and water supply. It was concluded that there is a parallelism of energy replenishment conditions between Brazilian slaves and neo-slaves of the 19th and 21st centuries, respectively, different from that of free workers. This difference can help authorities identify and punish instances of modern slavery.
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YAKOVLEV, Petr. "Spain and Portugal in the Power Field of Globalization and Regionalization." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 2/3 (25/26) (2021): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2021-2-3-100-114.
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The author traces, from today’s perspective, the course and ways of global and regional (European) influences on social development of the two Iberian countries – Spain and Portugal. Both states have been facing numerous domestic and external challenges at the beginning of the third decade of 21st century. Both have been engaged in strenuous efforts to overcome the grave social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Both are on the threshold of new major transformations. The two Iberian countries are good case studies of the global and regional trends that would shape the trajectory of global development in the foreseeable future.
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A. A., Elaev. "BURYAT ETHNOS IN THE 21st CENTURY." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-6-16.
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The article discusses the prospects for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat people in the 21st century. Under the conditions of the transformation of Russian society over the past twenty years and the impact of global integration processes taking place in the world the opportunities for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnic group and its language are rapidly declining. Based on the analysis of vari-ous environmental factors, we have considered the possible scenarios for the development of the Buryat ethnos in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis and in the economic stability and growth, and summed up the total prospects for preserving its ethno-cultural identity in the 21st century. The “negative” scenario for the development of the Buryat ethnic group covers the crisis period of the 1990s and early 2000s. Predictive assessments are based on an analysis of the impact of crisis phenomena on the agricultural sector and the social sphere of the village, which led to the outflow of the Buryat population from the village to the city. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the institutions of reproduction and transmission of the Buryat culture: it leads to a reduction in funding and commercialization of their ac-tivities and separation from the needs of the bulk of the ethnic group. Thus, the socio-economic crisis accelerates the process of de-ethnization and acculturation of the ethnos. The “positive” scenario reflects the development of the ethnic group in the context of eco-nomic growth, however, its consequences also negatively affect the preservation of ethnic identity and language, since the needs of the economic development of the ancestral terri-tory of the Buryat ethnic group will entail an influx of labour resources, that is, a popula-tion of other ethnicities, which will reduce the demographic power of the Buryat ethnic group. Thus, the economic growth, as well as the economic crisis will contribute to the ac-culturation and assimilation of the Buryats. In the context of global integration processes taking place in the world and the current policy of Russia, the opportunities of preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnos and its language due to objective reasons will gradually decrease in the 21st century.
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Korol, Andrey D. "Anthropological Crisis in the Social Realities of the 21st Century." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-45-56.
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The article examines the modern anthropological crisis in the context of various social phenomena. The author identifies key features of this crisis and reveals its causes. The article, addressing such philosophical concepts as time, space, happiness, motivation, analyzes the theories on the essence of this crisis. The author discusses the issues of self-alienation in an accelerating and polarizing world, of dialectical antagonism, of contradiction between the Self and the Other. The article critically analyzes the modern forms of consumerism, the consumer society, and the liberal worldview. Written in the essay form, the article poses the questions to the reader: How and why does man lose and acquire his meanings? What role do words and silence play in that? Who wins in the existential race “man versus society”? The author argues that a person does not see his absolute, since his expanding outer space narrows the inner space. The stratification of internal and external space (which is advisable to understand as a consequence of the loss of contact with reality) is the cause of lies, violence, and aggression. Liberal form of worldview is interpreted in a dialectical form: as the opposition of slavery, preserving its original vices. The article demonstrates how progress can lead to chaos in social life. Distinguishing three types of personality (directive, democratic, and liberal-permissive), it is concluded that the latter type of personality forms a border between the external and internal world. This kind of gap is the source of growing social and psycho-logical chaos. The concludes with a discussion of the possibility of happiness in modern social conditions.
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Stradomska, Marlena. "E-learning as a university challenge of the 21st century." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 19, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2021.19.10.
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The article is one of several articles summarizing research carried out with a group of foreign students who come to Poland to participate in the Erasmus+ program. Method and research group: Research has been taking place since 2016 and is conducted using an interactive Google survey. The study group consists of 128 people aged 18 to 25 years. The respondents chose Poland, specifically the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, in order to complete a semester or an academic year. This article will also present structured interviews that were conducted with foreign students. Aim of the study: To learn about the attitude of foreign students towards modern teaching methods (e-learning). An additional goal was to verify the knowledge regarding this method of education and to compare Poland with the respondents’ home countries. Results: The respondents come from European countries such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, as well as, Braziland India. Most of them appreciate the possibilities of e-learning (87%). Over half of the respondents (62%) say that in Poland distance learning was rather not implemented until 2020. What changed this situation was the coronavirus outbreak. In social sciences, they also appreciate the possibility of classes in the traditional form due to the possibility of participating in workshops and specialist training, or giving presentations.
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Lundsteen, Martin. "Conflicts in and around Space: Reflections on ‘Mosque Conflicts’." Journal of Muslims in Europe 9, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22117954-12341410.
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Abstract The 21st century has seen increasing attacks directed at Muslim places of worship, a social problem that has resulted in a whole array of investigations. This article suggests that the majority of this research on mosque conflicts fails to address the entrenched class dynamics and shifting geography of capitalist accumulation. Consequently, it complements this research by analysing the first mediatised conflict of its kind in Spain, the protest against the construction of a purpose-built mosque in Catalonia, Premià de Mar. The case demonstrates that the opposition was in fact a racist attack against Muslims answering to the economic interests of the local bourgeoisie. The ones acting it out, a section of the local working class, was convinced that this symbol of migrant presence would be a degrading feature that would jeopardise their recent social upward mobility. Hence it is fundamentally an expression of how racist logic is embedded in the spatial logic of capitalism in the 21st century.
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Comajoan, Llorenç. "THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC SITUATION OF CATALAN AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY: IMMIGRATION AND INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION." Catalan Review 18, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2004): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.18.1-2.5.
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This article provides an overview of the Catalan sociolinguistic situation at the turn of the 21st century as well as an introduction to the so-called integrationist approach in sociolinguistics, which takes into account issues of social structure and local practice. The article identifies and discusses three main challenges for Catalan: the sociolinguistic situation of the language prior to heightened immigration in the 1990s; attitudes towards the new immigrants (largely from Africa, Latin America, and Asia), and the intergenerational transmission of Catalan. Each challenge is discussed in light of the current sociolinguistic research based on census data and surveys. The article concludes with a consideration of future prospects for the Catalan language within the changing political and social climate of Spain and Catalonia.
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Sousa, Arturo, Mónica Aguilar-Alba, Mark Vetter, Leoncio García-Barrón, and Julia Morales. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Malaria in Spain in a Global Change Context." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040346.
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Malaria is one of the most cited vector-borne infectious diseases by climate change expert panels. Malaria vectors often need water sheets or wetlands to complete the disease life cycle. The current context of population mobility and global change requires detailed monitoring and surveillance of malaria in all countries. This study analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of death and illness cases caused by autochthonous and imported malaria in Spain during the 20th and 21st centuries using multidisciplinary sources, Geographic Information System (GIS) and geovisualisation. The results obtained reveal that, in the 20th and 21st centuries, malaria has not had a homogeneous spatial distribution. Between 1916 and 1930, 77% of deaths from autochthonous malaria were concentrated in only 20% of Spanish provinces; in 1932, 88% of patients treated in anti-malarial dispensaries were concentrated in these same provinces. These last data reveal the huge potential that anti-malarial dispensaries could have as a tool to reconstruct historical epidemiology. Spanish autochthonous malaria has presented epidemic upsurge episodes, especially those of 1917–1922 and 1939–1944, influenced by armed conflict, population movement and damaged health and hygiene conditions. Although meteorological variables have not played a key role in these epidemic episodes, they contributed by providing suitable conditions for their intensification. After the eradication of autochthonous malaria in 1961, imported malaria cases began to be detected in 1973, reaching more than 700 cases per year at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. Therefore, consistent and detailed historical studies are necessary to better understand the drivers that have led to the decline and elimination of malaria in Europe and other temperate countries.
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Kotik-Friedgut, Bella, and Alfredo Ardila. "A.R. Luria’s cultural neuropsychology in the 21st century." Culture & Psychology 26, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x19861053.
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Luria has long been one of the most influential authors in cognitive neurosciences, in particular in neuropsychology. New scientific advances and clinical observations have confirmed many of his proposals and hypotheses. In this paper one of his major ideas is analyzed: the influence of cultural factors on human cognition. The systemic-dynamic Lurian analysis of brain activity is based on Vygotsky's concept of higher mental functions, which are social in origin and complex and dynamic in their structure. Higher mental functions are based on a complex system of operations and means both external and internal. Living conditions and hence cultural characteristics have dramatically changed during the last half century with the development of new media and new virtual ways of communication. Review of contemporary developments supporting the appropriateness and usefulness of these concepts is presented. It is finally concluded that Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary neuropsychology not only from the clinical point of view, but also from the cultural perspective. His influence has continued undiminished during the 21st century.
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Pakhar, Lyudmila I. "«Superfluous people» as social and philosophical problem of the 21st century." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2020): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-3-448-458.
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The article deals with the problem of «superfluous people» in the contemporary socio-cultural reality. This term appeared in Russian literature and journalism in the middle of the 19th century to describe people who, with all their external well-being, were dissatisfied with their own life. In contrast to this interpretation, the English economist T. Malthus defined «superfluous people» as the population that consumes resources with minimal profit. The author of the article is in search for the answer to the question why in the contemporary world there is an increase in the number of «superfluous people» in the Malthus’s sense, that is the outcasts, the unemployed, and people who do not fit the standards of consumer society. According to the author, the reason is the distortion of social attitudes in developed countries of the West. The global economic crisis, especially in the context of COVID-19, requires a change in the liberal economic course. The author suggests adjusting the Russian economic policy taking into account the constant sanctions imposed by the West against the Russian Federation. In these conditions, the most appropriate option is the mobilization economic policy. The government should ensure the creation of enterprises for manufacturing import-substituting products, which would protect the country’s economy from the inevitable collapse. Significant attention and support should also be given to the social sphere, which would provide the population with a sufficient number of jobs. These actions of the government would support the country’s economic and social stability, thus making it possible to avoid mass unemployment.
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Aixelà-Cabré, Yolanda. "Colonial Spain in Africa: Building a Shared History from Memories of the Spanish Protectorate and Spanish Guinea." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): e017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.017.
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This article compares Spanish, Riffian and Equatorial Guinean memories to address Hispano-African history and understand their colonial experiences. Examining Africans’ voices in the 21st century from Postcolonial and Decolonial perspectives allows us to uncover Spanish colonial rhetoric about Moroccans and Equatorial Guineans and the racialised inequalities they had to face during the Spanish settlement. This approach shows the urgency of conciliating different versions and promoting a decoloniality process for Spain: the colonial past must be rebuilt for all and different sociocultural encounters must be rewritten to include expressly African voices. The final aim is to offer a contested version of Spanish colonial history in 20th century Africa, promoting a more shared social colonial history.
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SOLODOVNIKOV, S. "PROPERTY AS A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CATEGORY IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 10 (December 11, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2019-10-5-14.
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The article systematically considers traditional and modern approaches to the definition of property as an economic phenomenon. The general and special in relation to property in the 21st century are shown. In particular, the author notes an increase in the value of ownership of functions and “dispersed” forms of ownership in the network economy, as well as a wide range of objects of property relations, which includes the entire set of economic goods — material means of production, the natural environment, and consumer values, information and social conditions of production, production and social abilities of individuals and the production and socio-economic functions themselves, information and knowledge. The definition of property as a political and economic category is given.
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McGregor, Caroline. "A Paradigm Framework for Social Work Theory for Early 21st Century Practice." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 8 (March 1, 2019): 2112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz006.
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Abstract This article explores whether paradigms for social work that helped structure and focus social work theory in the late 20th century can continue to inform social work theorising in the present day. The question is considered by reviewing the work of Burrell and Morgan (1979), Howe (1987), Whittington and Holland (1985), Johnson et al., 1984 (cited in Rojek, 1986) and Mulally (1993) who offer specific considerations of paradigm frameworks. The main argument developed in the discussion is that while the nature and orientation of theories in paradigms from later 20th to early 21st century are more diverse and complex, the value of a paradigm as framework for theory for practice persists. But for a paradigm framework to hold sway, there are some essential requirements. These include a need to: emphasise more the importance of local context in global conditions; broaden scope of theory away from predisposition to ‘Western’ dominated ideas; include space for certain constants in social work and recognise the role of critical reflexivity in activating theory. The need for further global and local research studies that systematically test and interrogate the range of social work theories and practices to progress this project is emphasised.
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Kosevich, Ekaterina Y. "Spanish mass-media on Latin American migrants: between fear and pity." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 31, no. 4 (2019): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.31.4.606.
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Mass-media discourse is a “mirror” of sorts, which reflects general opinions and allows for understanding society’s mindset concerning migration issues. This article is devoted to analyzing the images created by Spanish mass-media regarding Latin American immigrants residing in Spain. Such a vision ultimately led to the emergence of an enduring perception of said immigrants by Spanish society from two main points of view – fear and pity. Columbians and Ecuadorians served as the prototypes for all Latin Americans who illegally entered Spain. The author reveals the reasons for the “divide” in Spanish mass-media’s perception of Columbia and Columbians, who became synonymous with danger, as well as Ecuador and Ecuadorian immigrants, who are primarily associated with Испанские СМИ о латиноамериканских мигрантах: между страхом и жалостью 110 № 4, Том 10, 2019 compassion and pity. This article examines the main stages of Latin American migration to Spain at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, which were primarily comprised in succession by immigrants from Columbia, Argentina, Venezuela and Cuba. The author characterizes the most numerous of Spain’s Latin American Diasporas. It is revealed that immigration is a collectively constructed social phenomenon. In turn the host society attributes certain characteristics to visitors (“others”) which they in fact do not possess. Such artificially assigned qualities are the result of a so-called “symbolic structure”, attributed to each “imaginary migrant”. Latin American migration to Spain is a result of a multitude of factors lying on various levels. However, it is very uncommon for the news to carefully examine the regional and global aspects of this process. This article reveals the specific image of Latin American migrants which developed in Spain towards the beginning of the 21st century. The author attempts to define the hidden ideology supporting the vast majority of those negative Latin American migrant stereotypes broadcast by national mass-media.
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Molinero-Gerbeau, Yoan, Ana López-Sala, and Monica Șerban. "On the Social Sustainability of Industrial Agriculture Dependent on Migrant Workers. Romanian Workers in Spain’s Seasonal Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031062.
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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Romanian migrants have become one of the most significant national groups doing agricultural work in Spain, initially coming via a temporary migration program and later under several different modalities. However, despite their critical importance for the functioning of Europe’s largest agro-industry, the study of this long-term circular mobility is still underdeveloped in migration and agriculture literature. Thanks to extensive fieldwork carried out in the provinces of Huelva and Lleida in Spain and in the counties of Teleorman and Buzău in Romania, this paper has two main objectives: first, to identify some of the most common forms of mobility of these migrants; and second, to discuss whether this industrial agriculture, hugely dependent on migrant work, is socially sustainable. The case of Romanian migrants in Spanish agriculture will serve to show how a critical sector for the EU and for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations, operates on an unsustainable model based on precariousness and exploitation.
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Bobo, Lawrence D. "KATRINA: Unmasking Race, Poverty, and Politics in the 21st Century." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x06060012.
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In his allegorical tale “Racism's Secret Bonding,” legal scholar Derrick Bell imagined the occurrence of fourth of July “racial data storms.” During these storms, the consciousness of each and every White American was flooded with full information about the slave trade, slavery, lynching, Jim Crow, and contemporary discrimination, as well as a powerful emotional appreciation for the human suffering entailed by these conditions. Bell's “racial data storms” created great turmoil, anxiety, and demands for action. These demands focused on preventing future waves of “racial data storms” but also sought significant progressive policy intervention against discrimination and inequality. Bell mused that by the time the “racial data storms” had stopped, they “left behind them the greatest social reform movement America had ever known” (1992, p. 150).
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López-Narbona, Ana María. "El posicionamiento social de los inmigrantes y el problema del orden social." Comunitania. Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales, no. 17 (November 27, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/comunitania.17.6.
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Hobbes formuló el problema del orden social en un contexto de guerra civil. ¿Es la perspectiva del problema del orden social aplicable a la integración en la España del siglo 21? Los ataques terroristas en EEUU (2001) y, más recientemente, en Europa perpretados por ciudadanos de países musulmanes o por ciudadanos europeos con origen inmigrante y musulmán han provocado un miedo al inmigrante generalizado. La radicalización de jóvenes de origen musulmán, las bandas de delincuentes juveniles (bandas latinas en España) y la inmigración masiva desde países pobres en un contexto de profunda crisis económica plantean una preocupación para las poblaciones de los países occidentales. Se adapta el concepto de posicionamiento social a los procesos de inmigración. Se desarrollan análisis estadísticos con los datos del European Social Survey para España. El objetivo es desvelar la percepción de la población española y de los inmigrantes sobre el posicionamiento social de los inmigrantes en el orden social español.Hobbes formulated the social order problem in a context of civil war. Is the social order problem perspective applicable to tackle with immigration in 21st century Spain? Terrorist attacks in the USA (2001) and, more recently in Europe carried out by citizens of Muslim countries or by European citizens with immigrant and Muslim background, have provoked a fear of the generalized immigrant. Radicalisation of young people of Muslim background, youth gangs (Latin gangs in Spain) and mass immigration from poor countries in a context of deep economic crisis raise a concern for Western countries ́ populations. The concept of social positioning is adapted to the immigration processes. Statistical analyses are developed based on the European Social Survey data for Spain. The aim is to unveil the perception of Spanish population and of immigrants about the social positioning of immigrants in the Spanish social order.
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Valero-Garcés, Carmen. "Research Tendencies in Translation and Interpreting Studies and Intercultural Communication." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i1.12750.
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The rise of globalization, the strengthening of multicultural societies, the abolishment of borders, technological advances, social networks, and the increasing political power of economic forces are all unmistakable occurrences that are characteristic of the 21st century. Communication within these multilingual societies comes across new developments and challenges that inevitably modify each type of intervention. All these issues are subjects of growing interest within the scope of research and training in Translation and Interpreting Studies and intercultural communication. This article focuses on some of these issues. First, the author will briefly write about some overarching themes in Translation and Interpreting Studies (T&IS). This will be followed by an overview of the influence of some disciplines. After that, some tendencies in research methods used in T&IS will be explore. Finally, an example of crossing domains in research and practice in T&IS in the 21st century will be presented taking as an example the Master Thesis from the MA in Intercultural Communication, Public Service Interpreting and Translation (Chinese- Spanish) offered at the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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Guerra, Alicia Guerra, and Lyda Sánchez de Gómez. "From a FabLab towards a Social Entrepreneurship and Business Lab." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 18, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2016100101.
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Social and institutional demands, in addition to the increased socioeconomic development of territories, advocate the creation of a more current, more integrated and larger university which, while continuing to teach technical knowledge, also teaches values. This would enable the university to respond to the countless challenges that are currently created by citizens in the form of social needs. The aim of this study is to explore the possibilities of creating value in a university FabLab in order to subsequently use this value as a vehicle for practical education in values and technical abilities in relation to the management of 21st century organisations. This materialises in a teaching initiative based on FabLab and that is suggested for computer engineering (University of Extremadura, Spain). After positioning university FabLabs in the digital age, detailing their potential for creating value, and describing this educational initiative, some closing conclusions will be made.
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Chernov, Borys О., and Іnna H. Dudka. "Theoretical and methodological essence of noospheric geography of the 21st century." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112137.
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In modern conditions of globalization of society development and fleeting transformations of natural processes, when the development of science, includinggeographical, is extremely accelerated, there is a rapid complication of forms and methods of theoretical and methodological knowledge, which makes it necessary to conduct logical and methodological analysis of geography in modern conditions. It turned out that a hundred years ago, says Edwin Toffler, Thomas Mann put forward a formula that expressed the feeling of death of a certain era. Today, humanity has approached an invisible boundary that separates one era from another. It is established that the world is on the threshold of grand social changes, technical and cultural innovations. In these conditions, when the world has become completely different, it is important for geographers to understand the consequences of the ongoing transformation processes. All this requires a new understanding from the standpoint of a globalized society, to find out what fundamental consequences for geography brought the information technology revolution, which will result in new paradigms for the development of our science. A. Toffler argued in «The Third Wave» that humanity was approaching a new technological revolution, that is, the First Wave (agrarian civilization and the Second (industrial civilization)) was replaced by a new wave that led to the creation of a supra-industrial civilization almost twenty years ago. If the concept of «living matter» (as a natural planetary body) underlies the doctrine of the biosphere, then the selection of such a natural phenomenon on a planetary scale as «scientific thought», becomes the most important naturalistic generalization in the theory of the noosphere. Nowadays, the idea of the coherence of the most progressive social laws and the achievements of scientific knowledge acquires a special meaning, becomes the most important problem of the very existence of human civilization. Based on the above, according to M. V. Bahrov, L. H. Rudenko and I. H. Chervaniov, we argue that «there was a need to create new scientific products that reflect the state and problems of the current stage of development of society», i. e., noosphere geography. The refore, the realization of the purpose of the study is to identify scientific sources about the change of the theoretical essence of modern geography, substantiation of the theoretical and methodological essence of the «new» noosphere geography in the transition of information society to noosphere and clarify the place of noosphere geography in general scientific classification.
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Irkhina, Yuliana. "Students’ leisure organization in higher educational institutions of Ukraine in the 21st century." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-107-111.
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One of the main objective factors affecting the sphere of leisure is the social policy of the state, the purpose of which is to create appropriate conditions for the life of the individual. In Ukraine, in the context of the implementation of social policy, there are a number of unresolved problems. This concerns, first of all, overcoming the «residual principle» attitude to solving the problems of leisure and culture in General; changing the attitude to the formation of the cultural situation to master the world’s cultural achievements; the discrepancy between the activities of cultural institutions and modern requirements, the lack of a certain standard ґarantovanih state free cultural services; lack of medium and long-term state policy on cultural development; lack of training in the sociocultural sphere in the new economic conditions; lack of a clear program of support for cultural industries; lack of a single information cultural space and a network of partnerships at the vertical and horizontal levels; the practical absence of Ukraine as a state in the European and world cultural space, in the system of European cultural projects. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of the organization of meaningful leisure of students of higher educational institutions in order to meet and realize their interests and needs, disclosure of creative potential, social education and activation of social and social activities. The sphere of leisure in higher educational institutions of Ukraine will perform functions of development and formation of the personality of the young person only on condition of compliance of the organization of activity at leisure to their interests and needs. This is possible because of the cooperation of these associations with government agencies and institutions that are not only designed to solve certain problems of young people, but also to provide appropriate financial and material support. Students should become a subject of leisure activities, an active participant, not a passive consumer, and this will enable the development of new innovative forms of leisure activities, which will take into account all, both collective and individual interests and needs of students.
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Li, Yuehan. "Causes of the Growing Concern about Gender Parity in China in the 21st Century." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (October 18, 2022): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2333.
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In recent years, gender has become a hot topic, and the frequency and intensity of discussions on gender topics on the Internet have increased significantly. The authors attempt to analyze, classify, and enumerate the causes of such phenomena through an interdisciplinary approach from the perspectives of economics, politics, psychology, science and technology, and history, with the goal of explaining the impact of social presence on social consciousness regarding gender matters. First, the authors state that the worsening living conditions of Chinese women and the growing gender gap since the outbreak of Covid-19 have led many to realize that our society is far from equal. Yet in the longer term, the fast-growing living conditions of the Chinese people have also granted people more leisure to think about things other than sustenance, indirectly leading to growing concerns about gender parity. Next, in addition to economic development, the advancement in media technology and popularization also had effects on concern for gender matters, providing a large root for discussion, accelerating the exchange of information, weakening the national discourse homogeneity, yet at the same time creating information cocoons, leading to the formation of echo-chambers, the polarization of opinion, balkanization of online spaces and more hostile tones. Finally, with an explanation regarding policy and education, and the accompanying changes in the social and political atmosphere, the author concludes that the increasing concern about gender matters in China in recent years is a result of a variety of factors, providing us with a reference and a way to view gender parity in China and other social issues.
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Grabelnykh, T. I., N. A. Sablina, and E. V. Lesnikovskaya. "Socio-demographic factors of social development in the conditions of post-global reality." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 7, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2022-7.2.8.
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The article considers the system-wide impact of socio-demographic factors in the social development of countries and regions in the context of post-global reality. It is emphasized that modern demographic changes are the result of global transformation processes. The permanent relationship of demographic processes with climate change on the planet, the emergence and spread of new infectious diseases, the development of digital technologies, etc. is shown. The meaning of the concept of “post-global reality” is clarified in terms of the uniqueness of modern conditions of social development, in which the desire of a person and society for “openness” is traced in the conditions of growing “social closeness” and “social tension”, which indicates the limited possibilities of society in regulating sociodemographic processes. It is concluded that the spread of new infectious diseasesin the 21st century, especially the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, has contributed to the emergence of new groups of problems associated with a deterioration in health status, an increase in mortality, a decrease in the reproductive and labor potential of the population. The authors substantiate the formation of the concept of “global determinism” in terms of the role of socio-demographic factors in the social development of countries and regions in the context of post-global reality. Among the most influential concepts that contribute to its development are “geographical determinism”, “economic determinism” and actually “demographic determinism”. Based on the materials of a sociological study, it is shown that new external and internal challenges and new crises of a systemic order in the 21st century contribute to social upheaval and profound transformations. It was revealed that the sustainability of social development in the focus of public opinion is directly related to effective public administration and regulation, the effectiveness of national security strategies and strategies for the socio-economic and socio-demographic development of countries and regions.
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Pisarski, Marcin. "Polish autonomous nationalism against the background of social movement theory." Review of Nationalities 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2022-0003.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze autonomous nationalism as a new social movement. This current of nationalism, which emerged at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, is characterized by a radical rejection of liberal democracy, as well as the ideology of the New Left. As a result of the analysis of the published content, it was possible to conclude that autonomous nationalism is a formula of nationalism as a movement of resistance to the establishment, adapted to the conditions of the 21st century. Economic conditions also influence the success of this social nationalism, which is inspired by the political thought of Otto Strasser. Autonomous nationalism is a novelty on the Polish far right also because of its rejection of Catholicism, as well as the formula of cultural nationalism associated with the national-Catholic current. Instead, a commitment to the ethnic concept of the nation as a ‘community of blood’ is noticeable in the movement under study. This goes hand in hand with the new neopaganism popular in the milieu.
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Sukhoverkhov, Anton V., and Svetlana A. Kalitko. "The theory of happiness in the 21st century: In search of the socioeconomic foundations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 478 (2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/478/6.
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The article considers the modern revision of the problem of happiness in philosophy, economics, social policy and architecture. It shows that in the 21st century interest has increased in studies of external socioeconomic, environmental and urban planning aspects of happiness. In the article, this view is called externalistic and is contrasted with the earlier internalistic approaches that searched for and developed the internal (mindset-dependent) foundations of happiness. Examples of effective social and economic policies aimed to design external conditions for social well-being and happiness are considered. In the context of modern socioeconomic research, relevant philosophical approaches to happiness and conditions for its achievement are revised. The article juxtaposes theories of happiness as peace of mind and happiness as the pursuit of a dream (self-realization). The second paradigm is actively popularized in the modern society and in business management; however, it gives rise to people's overestimated expectations from and impracticable requirements for themselves. The results of recent research in the field of “happiness economics” demonstrate that happiness has scaled up in recent years from a private task of an individual to a system task that needs to be solved by society and government. Happiness has become a criterion of political and economic efficiency, as well as a significant factor in the company's high productivity and popularity. The article shows that both external (economic, political, environmental) and internal (philosophical, psychological) factors of happiness are broadly used in modern economic “happiness management”. Special attention in the research is paid to new investigations that reveal the dependence of happiness, as well as others human qualities (like altruism or egoism), on reasonably or unreasonably arranged design of the ur-ban/rural environment. The article also stresses that, among Silicon Valley developers, millionaire entrepreneurs and founders of large companies in the United States, the ideas of Stoic philosophy have gained great popularity. This philosophy is used as an effective “operating system” in conditions of constant stress and as a “mental tool” to overcome the fear of death. Stoic ideas of “negative thinking” and “defensive pessimism” are given in the article as examples of such “antistress” methods. Finally, the article cites research that show unique cultures in the world in which happiness is not the highest social value. Such studies allow reconsidering the universality of the category of happiness as a common measure of social well-being.
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Pinto, J. G., E. L. Fröhlich, G. C. Leckebusch, and U. Ulbrich. "Changing European storm loss potentials under modified climate conditions according to ensemble simulations of the ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 GCM." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2007): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-165-2007.
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Abstract. A simple storm loss model is applied to an ensemble of ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 GCM simulations in order to estimate changes of insured loss potentials over Europe in the 21st century. Losses are computed based on the daily maximum wind speed for each grid point. The calibration of the loss model is performed using wind data from the ERA40-Reanalysis and German loss data. The obtained annual losses for the present climate conditions (20C, three realisations) reproduce the statistical features of the historical insurance loss data for Germany. The climate change experiments correspond to the SRES-Scenarios A1B and A2, and for each of them three realisations are considered. On average, insured loss potentials increase for all analysed European regions at the end of the 21st century. Changes are largest for Germany and France, and lowest for Portugal/Spain. Additionally, the spread between the single realisations is large, ranging e.g. for Germany from −4% to +43% in terms of mean annual loss. Moreover, almost all simulations show an increasing interannual variability of storm damage. This assessment is even more pronounced if no adaptation of building structure to climate change is considered. The increased loss potentials are linked with enhanced values for the high percentiles of surface wind maxima over Western and Central Europe, which in turn are associated with an enhanced number and increased intensity of extreme cyclones over the British Isles and the North Sea.
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Ballesteros-Pena, Ana. "Responsibilisation and female imprisonment in contemporary penal policy: ‘Respect Modules’ (‘Módulos de Respeto’) in Spain." Punishment & Society 20, no. 4 (May 17, 2017): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474517710241.
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In order to advance the study of female penal enforcement in the 21st century, this article examines how new strategies of neoliberal penal governance, introduced over the past decade in Spain, take shape in everyday practices and dynamics of prison life, as well as examining intersections with traditional forms of punishment and discipline. More specifically, this study addresses the case of Respect Modules (‘Módulos de Respeto’) in women’s facilities, and the article reveals that the implementation of practices of classification and responsibilisation reinforces traditional features of female penal enforcement in the Spanish penal system such as discipline, control and obedience. These technologies of the self are built on gender, race and nationality stereotypes. The article demonstrates how the current evolution of the penal system leads to an increasingly severe discipline and to a persistent inadequate attention paid to incarcerated women’s needs. Finally, the methodology of the research was qualitative, consisting of non-participatory direct observation in three prisons and interviews with incarcerated women, technical and management teams, political authorities and former authorities of the prison system.
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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Democracy and Popular Protest in Europe: The Iberian Case (2011)." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/643pea84j.
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In recent years, Europe has witnessed social movements that break away from the conventional patterns typical of 19th and 20th century movements. The party-or trade union-organised social movements, very much centred on 19th century political and economic issues, or the New Social Movements centred on more universal values such as peace, environment, gender, ethnicity, of the 20th century seem to be changing their 'repertoire'. At the beginning of the 21st century, parties and trade unions have been losing their leading role in the organisation of demonstrations and strikes and collective actions prepared and led by specific actors have given way to new forms of social action, without leaders, without organisation, without headquarters, and which use social networks as a form of mobilisation. These are social movements that contest not to have more rights but to exercise those that exist, a full citizenship that offers the freedom to express one's opinion and the regalia of participation in political, economic, social, educational areas. In Europe, there are various types of such movements, but we will highlight the "Geração à Rasca (Scratch Generation)" movement in Portugal and that of the "Indignados (Outraged)" or 15 M in Spain, both started in 2011, and which had repercussions in the main European capitals. Using a qualitative methodology, through these protest movements we seek to understand how the complexity of today's social movements and their non-institutionalisation represent a challenge to European democracy.
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González Agudo, David. "Prices in Toledo (Spain): Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Social Science History 43, no. 02 (2019): 269–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.2.
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Differences in material conditions are a determinant that explains the little divergence between northwestern and southern Europe. This article approaches the evolution of prices in early modern Toledo (Spain). The price index includes new items such as housing and employs different baskets over time, reflecting changes in consumption patterns. During the city’s golden age, prices grew faster than in London, Paris, or Amsterdam. Wine, urban rent, and food prices experienced a great increase, coinciding with demographic growth and the arrival of the American precious metals. Prices slowed in the first half of the seventeenth century, throughout Castile’s demographic and economic decay.
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Podshibyakina, Tat'yana A. "Cognitive Freedom as a New Political Freedom of the 21st century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/11.
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In political science, it is rarely possible to work with a topic of extremely significant social problems that has not yet found a proper understanding by the scientific community. This includes the concept of cognitive freedom, which already claims to be the new political freedom of the 21st century but is practically not represented in the scientific discourse. This article does not claim to be a complete theoretical and methodological representation of cognitive freedom as a political freedom, it is only an invitation to a discussion about its essence, features, practical significance, and many other aspects of this unique phenomenon. A review of publications on the topic of cognitive freedom from the point of view of psychological, neuro-ethical, epistemological, and cognitive trends is conducted; the degree of its study is evaluated; and the results obtained are summarized. The author's contribution to the understanding of cognitive freedom was the substantiation of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom using a combination of two approaches: implicit cognitive science and political diffusionism. The diffusive concept of cognitive freedom can be formulated as follows: cognitive freedom is the freedom of representation, dissemination, and transmission of knowledge or information by individuals in diffusion networks. The concept “knowledge transfer” is introduced, meaning that its dissemination is carried out under conditions of some restriction of freedom in the form of prohibition, influence, pressure. This is the political nature of diffusion that acquires signs of managing or manipulating participants in the interaction. This concept should develop the concept of cognitive freedom in terms of one of the conditions for its implementation - the freedom to present, receive, distribute, and transmit knowledge in diffusion networks (a communication channel through which information and knowledge flow). The practical significance of the diffusive concept of cognitive freedom lies in its suitability for identifying the possibilities of managing the free process of political diffusion. Several cognitive technologies based on the principles of “cognitive control”, which in fact plays the role of a kind of “limiter” or even an obstacle to the freedom of obtaining, storing or distributing knowledge, are described. The types of cognitive technologies are identified: technologies for managing human cognitive abilities at the level of the unconscious, technologies for managing the process of organizing information, technologies for strategic narratives, and framing technology: technologies for managing mnemonic practices, technologies for controlling social media as communicators.
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Bakay, Mehmet Emin. "21st Century Skills for Higher Education Students in EU Countries: Perception of Academicians and HR Managers." International Education Studies 15, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v15n2p14.
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The main objective of the study is to analyze the EU labor market needs and expectations in 21st Century skills in five countries from the point of view of academicians and HR managers. The meta-analysis research method was used to analyze the current reports of Turkey, the Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria, and Spain. The research results and findings of each country report have been comparatively analyzed. The research sample consists of five national reports. All views obtained from 28 human resources managers and 14 academicians were examined. According to research results, HR managers have more practical and pragmatist expectations from graduates such as business intelligence, knowledge of foreign languages, and continuous learning. Academicians emphasize graduates’ data mining ability, which refers to critical thinking. While academicians give high priority to communication and problem-solving, HR managers prioritize collaboration/team working skills. Agility skills defined as the ability to adapt to the changing conditions, are put in the second place by HR managers. According to academicians and HR managers, the most important 21st Century skills, in five countries, are communication, collaboration, and self-direction. There exists a need for innovative teaching materials to teach aforementioned skills to higher education students.
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BERLANGA, Vanesa, Franciele CORTI, and Eva PEREA. "The Effect of Scholarships on University Persistence: A Case Study." Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, no. 76 (March 31, 2022): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.76.5.
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As we enter the 21st century, the social dimension of Higher Education is one of the key elements in university policies. Among measures aimed at retaining students, scholarship and study grant policies help to ensure equality. In Spain, the establishment of the Study Aid Programme (PAE) for degree studies is an outstanding innovative initiative. This study is aimed at assessing the importance of the PAE as an economic factor in equity, access and academic performance in the first year at university. The data used is that available on all students who began degree studies at Abat Oliba CEU University from the 2009-10 academic years to the 2015-16 academic years. The results confirm that obtaining a scholarship becomes an incentive that influences key aspects for persistence, such as the degree of effort and educational commitment with positive results on students’ performance.
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McIntyre, Lynne, Bruna Alvarez, and Diana Marre. "“I Want to Bury It, Will You Join Me?”: The Use of Ritual in Prenatal Loss among Women in Catalonia, Spain in the Early 21st Century." Religions 13, no. 4 (April 9, 2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040336.
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Prenatal loss, such as miscarriage and stillbirth, may be understood as the confluence of birth and death. The most significant of life’s transitions, these events are rarely if ever expected to coincide. Although human cultures have long recognized death through ritual, it has not typically been used in cases of pregnancy loss. Interest in prenatal losses in the fields of medicine and the social sciences, as well as among the general public, has grown significantly in recent years in many countries, including Spain, as evidenced by increasing numbers of clinical protocols, academic books and articles, public events and popular media coverage. Even with this growing attention, there are still no officially sanctioned or generally accepted ways of using ritual to respond to prenatal losses in Spain. However, despite a lack of public recognition or acceptance of the use of ritual, we found that women in the autonomous community of Catalonia, in Spain, are employing ritual in various fashions, both with and without the support and acceptance of their family, friends or community, to process their losses and integrate them into their lives.
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Hati, Silvi Tabah. "The Concept of Multicultural Approach through IPS Education and Its Relevance in the 21st Century Era." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 2198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i2.4596.
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Abstract
The factual condition illustrates that the condition of the Indonesian people is increasingly critical. This incident was triggered by various unresolved social problems. Social problems are a scourge of shared homework, especially teachers and the community. A multicultural approach integrated with Social Sciences (IPS). Educational learning offers an alternative through the application of diversity-based educational strategies and concepts in the Community. This paper aims to describe theoretically how to integrate multicultural approaches and social studies. So, the portion of multicultural education and social studies is able to equip students with sensitivity in dealing with social symptoms and problems that are rooted in differences. These differences such as ethnicity, race, religion, and values that occur in the community environment for the cultivation of unity. Therefore, this substance and learning model will be able to focus learning on appreciating cultural diversity in the 21st century era.
Keywords: Social Problems, Multicultural Approach, Social Science Education.
THE CONCEPT OF A MULTICULTURAL APPROACH THROUGH SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY ERA
Abstract
Factual conditions illustrate the increasingly critical condition of Indonesian society. This incident was triggered by various unresolved social problems. Social problems become the scourge of shared homework, especially teachers and communities. A multicultural approach integrated with Social Sciences (IPS). Educational learning offers an alternative through the application of diversity-based educational strategies and concepts that exist in the Community. This paper aims to theoretically describe how to integrate multicultural and social studies approaches. So, the portion of multicultural education and social studies is able to equip students with sensitivity in dealing with symptoms and social problems that are rooted in differences. These differences include ethnicity, race, religion, and values that occur in the community for the cultivation of unity. Therefore, the substance and model of this learning will be able to focus learning on the passion for cultural diversity in the era of the 21st Century.
Keywords: Social Problems, Multicultural Approach, Social Science Education
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Carrión-Ramírez, Brenda Miroslava, Lizette Ivonne Lazo-Serrano, Carmen Arlene Lazo-Serrano, and Melva Isolda Fuentes-Rendón. "Repensar la promoción del turismo rural como estrategia en las políticas de comunicación para el cambio social." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 75 (December 29, 2022): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.38.
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The tourism industry represents a great engine of sustainable development for the markets of the 21st century, so that it is a promising industry where a differentiated set of actors and factors interact: the State, the business sector, organized communities and tourists. The objective of the research is to rethink a coherent public policy for the promotion of rural tourism in general, with special emphasis on communication for development and social change. The documentary research methodology and the SWOT analysis technique were used as a condition of possibility to visualize the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that the implementation of a policy such as the one proposed would have in a specific context. The authors conclude that, in any imaginable scenario, political communication always enters into the equation for the formulation of tourism sector policies: (rural tourism + sustainable development = social change), as a space of synthesis that articulates in the collective imagination, ideas, concepts, feelings and objectives that create and recreate the conditions for social change, as a higher stage of sustainable development in the 21st century.
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Poza, E. De la, L. Jódar, and S. Barreda. "Mathematical Modeling of Hidden Intimate Partner Violence in Spain: A Quantitative and Qualitative Approach." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8372493.
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The fact that women are abused by their male partner is something that happens worldwide in the 21st century. In numerous cases, abuse only becomes publicly known when a fatal event occurs and is beyond any possible remedy, that is, when men murder their female partner. Since 2003, 793 (September 4, 2015) women have been assassinated by their significant other or excouple in Spain. Only 7.2% of murdered women had reported their fear and previous intimate partner violence (IPV) to the police. Even when the number of female victims is comparable to the number of victims by terrorism, the Government has not assigned an equal amount of resources to diminish the magnitude of this hidden social problem. In this paper, a mathematical epidemiological model to forecast intimate partner violence in Spain is constructed. Both psychological and physical aggressor subpopulations are predicted and simulated. The model’s robustness versus uncertain parameters is studied by a sensitivity analysis.
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Vuletic, Vladimir, and Dragan Stanojevic. "Sociological issues in the first decade of 21st century: Comparative analysis of Serbia and Croatia." Sociologija 55, no. 1 (2013): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1301047v.
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The paper analyzes the thematic orientation of sociological works published in three sociological journals in Serbia and Croatia (Sociologija, Socioloski pregled and Revija za sociologiju) during two last decades of 20th and the first decade of 21st century. The aim of the paper, set in the opening section, is to investigate the topics which are dealt with by sociologists in Serbia during this turbulent historical period. On the basis of this analysis, answers to the following questions will be attempted: has Serbian sociology kept track, and to what extent, of the changes taking place in the society, and hence how much it has been under the influence of the latter. In the second part of the article the openness of the Serbian sociology toward the world is discussed in the context of aforementioned changes. In order to make judgments and conclusions as objective as possible this topic is considered in a comparative framework - comparing it with conditions in Croatian sociology.
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Marinkovic, Ivan. "Causes of death in Serbia since the mid-20th century." Stanovnistvo 50, no. 1 (2012): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1201089m.
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The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes is increased life expectancy and a larger share of older population which resulted in cardiovascular diseases and tumors to dominate more and more in total mortality. Convergent trends in the structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia from the middle of the 20th century are the reasons why there are considerably fewer diseases and causes with a significant rate in total population mortality at the beginning of the 21st century. During the 1950s, there were five groups of diseases and causes which participated individually with more than 10% of population mortality (infectious diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, some perinatal conditions and undefined states) while at the beginning of the new century there were only two such groups (cardiovascular diseases and tumors). Identical trends exist in all European countries, as well as in the rest of the developed world. The leading causes of death in Serbia are cardiovascular diseases. An average of somewhat over 57.000 people died annually in the period from 2007 - 2009, which represents 55.5% of total population mortality. Women are more numerous among the deceased and this difference is increasing due to population feminization. The most frequent cause of death in Serbia, after heart and circulatory diseases, are tumors, which caused 21,415 deaths in 2009. Neoplasms are responsible for one fifth of all deaths. Their number has doubled in three decades, from 9,107 in 1975 to about 20,000 at the beginning of the 21st century, whereby tumors have become the fastest growing cause of death. Least changes in absolute number of deaths in the last half century were marked among violent deaths. Observed by gender, men are in average three times more numerous among violent deaths than women. In the middle of the 20th century in Serbia, one third of the deaths caused by violence were younger than 25 and as many as one half were younger than 35 years old. Only one tenth (11%) of total number of violent deaths were from the age group of 65 or older. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century (2009), the share of population younger than 25 in the total number of violent deaths was decreased four times (and amounted to 8%). At the same time, the rate of those older than 65 or more quadrupled (amounted to 39%).
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Deny Setiawan, Julia Ivana, Sri Yunita, and Hidayat Hidayat. "Social Science Material Development Design Space-Time-Values Dimensions to Improve 21st Century Life Skills." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v3i4.520.
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This development research aims to produce a design for the development of Social Science materials with space-time-values dimensions to improve 21st century life skills among students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The specific target to be achieved is the production of a Social Science Material Development textbook with the Space-Time-Values Dimension. The research method used is the R&D method following the Borg & Gall procedure. The research subjects involved: lecturers who teach courses; students as subjects for a limited group trial; and five experts for textbook validation. The instruments used were expert validation questionnaires, learning outcomes tests and observation sheets which were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to analyze information on various field conditions; quantitative descriptive analysis used to analyze the scores given by the expert; and statistical analysis assisted by STATCAL software. The result of the research shows that the textbook for the Development of Social Science Materials with the dimensions of space-time-values was developed, valid and suitable for use. Other findings based on observations show that the design of textbook material development contributes to students' 21st century life skills in aspects: critical thinking and problem solving, creative and innovative, communication skills, and collaboration skills.
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WILLIS, PAUL. "Foot Soldiers of Modernity: The Dialectics of Cultural Consumption and the 21st-Century School." Harvard Educational Review 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 390–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.73.3.0w5086336u305184.
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Drawing on more than twenty-five years of experience researching and theorizing about culture, youth, and society, Paul Willis presents a broad theoretical argument that positions the school as the site and instrument through which cultural responses to material conditions are played out. Willis distinguishes between three "waves of modernization" that stem from radical shifts in technological and material production and that are accompanied by specific cultural forms, particularly forms of youth culture. He argues that it is from these specific cultural forms that an effective struggle for social change can emerge.
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Wedel, Janine R. "From Power Elites to Influence Elites: Resetting Elite Studies for the 21st Century." Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 5-6 (July 10, 2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276417715311.
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The dominant theory of elite power, grounded in Weberian bureaucracy, has analyzed elites in terms of stable positions at the top of enduring institutions. Today, many conditions that spawned these stable ‘command posts’ no longer prevail, and elite power thus warrants rethinking. This article advances an argument about contemporary ‘influence elites’. The way they are organized and the modus operandi they employ to wield influence enable them to evade public accountability, a hallmark of a democratic society. Three cases are presented, first to investigate changes in how elites operate and, second, to examine varying configurations in which the new elites are organized. The cases demonstrate that influence elites intermesh hierarchies and networks, serve as connectors, and coordinate influence from multiple, moving perches, inside and outside official structures. Their flexible and multi-positioned organizing modes call for reconsidering elite theory and grappling with the implications of these elites for democratic society.
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Bondarenko, Halyna. "New Aspects of Religious Life in Ukraine in the Conditions of the Social Challenges of the 21st Century." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2022.01.009.
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The changes in religious life of Ukrainian society of the 21st century are analysed in the article. Problems of church-state relations transformation, significance of religious-cultural heritage, confessional diversity and religious influence on society remain relevant not only in Ukraine, but in Europe as a whole. The peculiarity of Ukrainian religious life of the time period studied consists in its denominational diversity provided by law. Connection between religious affiliation and national identity in Ukrainian society, documented by researchers, is not only found in Orthodox midst, but also in Catholic, Islamic and Jewish religious communities. The Revolution of Dignity has become a turning point in the activity of church organizations. Many Prayerful Maidans, held during that time in various Ukrainian cities, are ecumenical in nature. The concept of Maidan theology has appeared and become widely used. It is introduced by the theologian Kyrylo Hovorun. This process has confirmed the necessity for church to start work in the direction of dialogue with society. Civic attitude of church leaders and social doctrine of the church have experienced significant changes because of military events in the Eastern Ukraine. Interconfessional consolidation of religious communities and believers on the principles of patriotism has taken place in the conditions of threat of the state security loss. The religious landscape of the country has been changed because of the territories loss and migration processes: a number of Protestant and Muslim communities is decreased on the occupied territories. The representatives of various denominations provide humanitarian aid to the wounded, displaced persons and the residents of the so-called Grey Zone. Military chaplaincy has become widespread and established by law. Receiving of the Tomos in 2018 and creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine has become a significant geopolitical event, assessed by the public opinion as an act of justice restoring, restitution of its historical heritage to Ukrainian church. Covid-19 pandemia has corrected the development of the country’s religious life, influencing both the level of common religiosity of the population and social stability in general. The significance of digital technologies in churches’ activity has increased during this time. Virtual liturgies and public prayers have hundreds of thousands of views (especially on holidays), social media vaccine discussions, video addresses of religious leaders to the flock in connection with key social events testify the population interest in church issues and importance of the religious factor in modern Ukrainian society.
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Roig, Rosa, Cristina Aybar, and Jose M. Pavía. "Gender Inequalities and Social Sustainability. Can Modernization Diminish the Gender Gap in Political Knowledge?" Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083143.
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The gender gap in political knowledge is a classical problem of Western democracies. In the 21st century, political knowledge is still unequally distributed between men and women, as many cross-section studies have shown. This is an indicator of women’s disempowerment and the distance which remains to be covered to achieve an inclusive and sustainable society. Could public policies and gender equality laws change the situation? Using a longitudinal database in which 600,000 survey responses are analysed from 1996 to 2017, this case study of Spain aims to shed some light on this question. It combines sociological and political approaches in line with the development theory of the gender gap of Inglehart and Norris (2000, 2003), whose core argument is that modernization changes cultural attitudes toward gender equality. From this perspective, this paper proposes the following hypothesis: the modernization process of Spain (from a dictatorship to a democracy) has given rise to changes in traditional sex roles, driving women‘s access to political knowledge and diminishing the gender gap. This is a step towards achieving objective number 5 of the 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development (gender equality and empowerment of women and girls), according to which gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.
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Petsimeris, Petros. "Population deconcentration in Italy, Spain and Greece: A first comparison." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 412-414 (June 1, 2002): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269412-414405.
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Dr Petsimeris studied architecture at the Technical University of Turin, town planning at the Technical University of Milan, and Urban Social Geography at the University of Caen where he received his PhD in 1987 and his Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches in 1992. He worked as an architect and planner at the Collettivo di Archittetura with Professor Biagio Garzena. He has been Visiting Professor at the Universities of Pisa, Trento, Udine, Turin, Naples (Istituto Universitario Orientale) and has lectured at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris(1992-1996) and at the Universities of Rome (La Sapienza), Barcelona, Florence, Milan, Bologna and Joensuu. Since 1994 he has been Professor at the University of Caen and a member of the Centre de Recherche sur les Espaces et les Sociétés (CRESO) of the CNRS. He has published extensively on urbanization, settlement systems, housing and residential segregation in international journals, and edited two books in Italian on urban networks and the social division of urban space in Europe. The journal Urban Studies offered him the Urban Studies Research Fellowship at the University of Glasgow for 1997 and 2003. In this context he is now carrying out research on urban diffusion in Southern Europe. Dr Petsimeris is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Villarroya, Anna, and Victoria Ateca-Amestoy. "Changing trends in Spanish library services: Conceptualization and measurement in official statistics." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 50, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616664400.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse how public libraries have been conceptualized and measured in official Spanish statistics over the past 15 years. This allows us to reflect on the transformation of the very nature and aims of libraries during the first 15 years of the 21st century. We examine the main official statistical source of information on cultural participation, the Survey on Cultural Habits and Practices in Spain, and track the impact of social change and digitization on library services. By analysing the 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2010–2011 and 2014–2015 surveys, we monitor changes in the questionnaires and in the derived indicators, and relate the findings to general trends and challenges for public libraries in contemporary societies.