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1
Escudé, Nuria, and Fabrizio Acanfora. "Music and Medicine in Spain: History and New Developments of a Growing Discipline." Music and Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v10i1.600.
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The strong link between music and medicine has been documented in Spain since the 17th century, showing that the therapeutic effects of music have been known for centuries. The development of music therapy as a scientific, independent discipline on the Iberian Peninsula begins in the 1960s due to the pioneering work of Serafina Poch. Since then, the interest in music and medicine both by specialists and public has constantly increased. Nowadays, music therapy is taught in public universities and private institutions, and a growing number of health care and educational centers is implementing music therapy projects each year, producing also an increase in the research on the subject. A sore point, which we hope can be resolved soon, is that music therapy in Spain has not yet been recognized with an official title and as an independent profession, leading to fragmentation of the field and leaving the door open to professional intrusion. Keywords: music therapy, music medicine, Spain.
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Witthaus, Jan-Henrik. "Provecho e interés. El pensamiento económico entre las narrativas picarescas y la Ilustración. Aproximación a una historia conceptual continuada desde el Siglo de Oro hasta la Ilustración." Volume 60 · 2019 60, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ljb.60.1.243.
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The category of interest has formed part of the economic discourse since the 17th century and in this context adopts a variety of meanings, for instance the interest of credits or the individual advantages of a business or a contract. Conceptual history, however, points out that this concept has a strategic function within the introduction of economic sciences in the Enlightenment: the sublimation of passions which turns them into economic interests and which helps to improve the mutual treatment of human beings in society. The following article provides a short overview showing the evolution of the category of interest from the picaresque literature to the treaties and articles published in the context of the first liberalism in Spain that is to say the second half of the 18th century.
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Hernán, Enrique García. "War and Society in Spain." International Bibliography of Military History 35, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22115757-03501001.
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This article offers a new historiographical overview of the military history of Spain in the early modern period, covering recent works published by English-speaking scholars as well as the latest studies by Spanish and Italian historians. Differences tend to focus on whether the rival paradigms of ‘decline’ or ‘resilience’ offer the better insights into the period after the end of Spanish military supremacy (c. 1648). A survey of recent work on this topic leads us to some very significant observations about factors underpinning power, such as a common or shared culture and identity, as well as the more obvious and traditional components of military and naval power. The nature of royal power and monarchy are analysed, as are the structure of the army and the construction of the state in Spain. The relationship between the state and civil society, and the debate about the militarization of Iberian society and the study of cultural and religious values, are also examined. On balance, recent literature leads us to a more positive assessment of the resilience of Spanish military power in the second half of the 17th century.
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김선욱. "Henry VIII and La cisma de Inglaterra: The Conflict of History of England and Spain in the 17th Century." Korean Journal of Hispanic Studies 9, no. 2 (November 2016): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18217/kjhs.9.2.201611.29.
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Roskamp, Hans, and Cristina Monzón. "El título primordial tarasco de Tócuaro, Michoacán." Tlalocan 25 (September 7, 2020): 287–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.tlalocan.2020.0008.
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Primordial titles form an important category in the extensive corpus of native documents from 17th and 18th century New Spain. Generally made by local scribes (carariecha) or regional specialists who combined information from older documents and oral tradition, they emphasize the foundation of the villages and the boundaries of their lands. These local histories were —and often still are— used whenever the territorial integrity of the community was threatened by their neighbors. The present article includes the transcription, translation and analysis of a primordial title written in the Tarascan or P’urhépecha language. The document, now kept in the National Library of Anthropology and History (BNAH) in Mexico City, originally comes from Tócuaro, a small village on the southern shores of Lake Pátzcuaro in Michoacán.
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Huerta, Santiago, and Paula Fuentes. "Analysis and Demolition of Some Vaults of the Church of La Peregrina in Sahagún (Spain)." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.343.
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The Franciscan church of La Peregrina in Sahagún (Spain) was founded in the 13th Century. It has undergone many transformations and additions throughout its history. The most important were carried out in the 17th Century when the church was converted to the Baroque style. The apse vaults were demolished and new timbrel vaults were built hiding the Mudéjar windows. In the nave, the transverse arches that supported the modern roof were also demolished, internal counterforts were built and new barrel timbrel vaults with lunettes, erected. Eventually, an oval dome was built on the transept. Recent restoration work will give the building a new use. The project aims to recover the Mudéjar apse with its windows providing natural light to the presbytery. This involves the demolition of the Baroque vaults above the presbytery (a barrel vault terminated with a semi-dome). The oval dome will lose some buttressing to the side of the apse and an expertise was required to assess the feasibility of the operation. In the present paper the structure of the church will be described and the analysis of the oval dome with and without the presbytery vaults will be explained.
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Pronkevich, Oleksandr. "The Stone Host, Lesia Ukrainka’s “Spanish” Play." Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal, no. 8 (December 24, 2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmhj249167.2021-8.16-32.
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The article provides an analysis of the “Spanish code” inscribed in the text of Lesia Ukrainka’s drama Kaminnyi hospodar (The Stone Host). The constituents of the code include: 1) conventions of 17th century Spanish baroque drama, in particular, use of the dialectics of the concepts of dignity and reputation as a driving mechanism for confl ict throughout Lesia Ukrainka’s play and transformation within the classical scheme of characters suggested by Lope de Vega and his followers; 2) stereotypes of “Spanishness” through which the playwright produced a heteroimage of Spain. Lesia Ukrainka’s variant of the famous legend of Don Juan is a sophisticated modernist drama. The “Spanish code” serves as a prism through which the playwright examines the world. Lesia Ukrainka created an astonishing modernist tragicomedy of dishonesty, full of the spirit of uncertainty.
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Soler-Estrela, Alba. "Cultural Landscape Assessment: The Rural Architectural Heritage (13th–17th Centuries) in Mediterranean Valleys of Marina Alta, Spain." Buildings 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8100140.
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Europe’s cultural heritage is a rich and diverse legacy that shows evolution through many centuries of history. The Mediterranean landscape is the result of a long process of human activity in the physical environment, which makes the cultural landscape concept remarkable. Despite its growing interest, most cases are still exposed to different types of threats that can compromise their permanence. Given cultural variety, its consideration requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide scientific knowledge and to assess its values from different points of view (e.g., territorial, historical, technical, artistic, etc.). The valleys of Marina Alta are a most interesting example of different periods of history, from prehistory to recent rural life. Mountain conditions have favoured the survival of rural heritage, which is not that affected by the threat of better communicated areas and can be consider a place of exceptional value. In this context, our paper focuses on houses and hamlets of a Muslim origin that date back to at least the 13th century according to archival documents. Scattered in valleys, they are essential to understand historic transformations. They are directly related to the natural environment, are located in and have adapted to mountains to obtain small farming areas with small irrigated areas. Given their present state of ruin, an architectural assessment is needed to recognise the values and threats, and to make proposals for their conservation as a specific contribution to be considered part of an interdisciplinary vision.
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Fountain, Catherine. "Worthy the Name of a Grammar: Verb Morphology and Conjugation in Carochi’sArte de la Lengua Mexicana(1645) and Eliot’sThe Indian Grammar Begun(1666)." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 36, no. 2-3 (2009): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2-3.06fou.
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This article compares two missionary grammars written in the middle of the 17th century, Horacio Carochi’s (1579–1662)Arte de la Lengua Mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della(1645) and John Eliot’s (1604–1690)The Indian Grammar Begun: or, an Essay to Bring the Indian Language into Rules(1666). Although published only 21 years apart, the two works differ in both context and theoretical underpinnings. These differences are manifested both in the type and depth of analysis undertaken by each author. Indeed, Carochi’s analysis goes much deeper and offers a more complete description of the language treated. While this can be attributed in part to Carochi’s own linguistic ability, the quality and completeness of his grammar is due in large part to the existence of a tradition of scholarship concerning Nahuatl in New Spain, a tradition that is strikingly absent in New England of the time.
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Fountain, Catherine. "Worthy the Name of a Grammar." Quot homines tot artes: New Studies in Missionary Linguistics 36, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2009): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2.06fou.
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Summary This article compares two missionary grammars written in the middle of the 17th century, Horacio Carochi’s (1579–1662) Arte de la Lengua Mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della (1645) and John Eliot’s (1604–1690) The Indian Grammar Begun: or, an Essay to Bring the Indian Language into Rules (1666). Although published only 21 years apart, the two works differ in both context and theoretical underpinnings. These differences are manifested both in the type and depth of analysis undertaken by each author. Indeed, Carochi’s analysis goes much deeper and offers a more complete description of the language treated. While this can be attributed in part to Carochi’s own linguistic ability, the quality and completeness of his grammar is due in large part to the existence of a tradition of scholarship concerning Nahuatl in New Spain, a tradition that is strikingly absent in New England of the time.
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Greene, Molly. "Commerce and the Ottoman Conquest of Kandiye." New Perspectives on Turkey 10 (1994): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600000868.
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The Ottoman-Venetian war for the island of Crete in the middle of the 17th century (1645-1669) was in some ways an anachronistic struggle. The era of imperial struggle in the Mediterranean had come to a close in 1578 when the Portuguese army, assisted by Spain, was defeated at Alcazar in Morocco by the army of the Ottoman protégé, Abd al-Malik. The Ottoman victory was followed by a Spanish-Ottoman truce signed in 1580 which, though it seemed tentative at the time, ushered in a long period of peace in the Mediterranean region. The Spanish acquiesced to Ottoman control of North Africa and turned their attention to their acquisitions in the new world. The Ottomans, for their part, occupied themselves with military conquests in the East and no new campaigns were launched in the Mediterranean.
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Truong, Anh Thuan. "Conflicts among religious orders of Christianity: А study of Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.214.
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During the 17th and 18th centuries, the presence as well as activities of religious orders of Christianity in Vietnam, predominantly the Society of Jesus, Mendicant Orders (Franciscan Order, Dominican Order, etc.), and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, to establish or maintain and strengthen the interests of some Western countries’ (Portugal, Spain, France) missionary work in this country led to conflicts and disputes over the missionary area as well as the right to manage missionary activities among religious orders of Christianity. From 1665 to 1773, the Vietnamese Catholic Church witnessed protracted disputes and conflicts between Jesuits sponsored by the Portuguese and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris backed by France. While contradictions between them remained unresolved, from the first half of the 18th century onwards, conflicts and disputes between the Spanish Franciscan Order and the missionaries of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris continued to arise. This influenced the development of Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Based on original historical sources and academic achievements of Vietnamese scholars as well as international, this article applies two main research methods of the history of science (historical and logical methods) with other research methods (systemic, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to closely examine the “panorama” of the conflicts between the religious orders of Christianity that took place in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries. The article analyzes the underlying and direct cause of this phenomenon, making certain contributions to the study of the relationship among religious orders in the process of introduction and development of Christianity in Vietnam, as well as the history of East-West cultural exchange in the country during this period.
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Ershova, Irina V. "The Strange Appropriation: “Novels on Spanish Princes” in Russian Popular Literature of the End of 17th – First Half of 18th Centuries." Literary Fact, no. 4 (26) (2022): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-26-123-139.
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The article deals with the history of Russian manuscript tradition from the period since the end of the 17th – first half of the 18th century that is a version of the so-called European “popular literature.” These books were addressing mass audience interested in fictional literature, and contained secular and entertaining stories, mainly based on amorous adventures. Part of this Russian tradition was represented by translated novels, including the trend that might be aptly defined as “novels on Spanish princes.” This description is systematically used in the titles of corresponding texts, and that facts looks rather strange, considering almost total lack of knowledge of Spanish literature or language, or any contacts with Spain in the Russian culture of the time. Through the analysis of a number of these texts (“The Novel of Brun,” “The Story of Decoronij,” “The Story of Doltorn,” and several others), the author comes to a hypothetical explanation of the origin of this peculiar genre that becomes a specific appropriation of Spanishness in Russian literature.
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Védyushkin, Vladimir. "Madrid in the Late 16th Century: Paradoxes of a City that Suddenly Became a Capital." ISTORIYA 12, no. 9 (107) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017054-8.
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The article analyzes the historical experience of Madrid, which became the capital of Spain in 1561. The reasons for Philip II’s reluctance to establish the capital in Valladolid or Toledo, which previously often served as royal residences, are considered. The analysis of the ideas about Madrid in the texts of such authors of the 16th — early 17th centuries as Luis Cabrera de Córdoba, Lucio Marineo Siculo, Pedro de Medina shows that even before acquiring the capital status, it was a notable city of Castile, which had significant advantages, so that the choice in its favour was logical, although not predetermined. By the time the Court was transferred to Madrid, on the initiative of Philip II, a large-scale program of urban reforms was prepared, in which the features of Renaissance urbanism are clearly visible. The unusually rapid and uncontrolled growth of the city’s population after 1561 required the authorities to establish mechanisms for billeting courtiers and officials into the houses of Madrid residents and then standards for housing construction; the article analyzes the royal decree of 1567 dedicated to this matter. The most important tasks of the authorities were also to provide citizens with food, clean the streets and fight crime. The Royal decree of 1585 shows the attention of the authorities to these issues; the content and role of this decree are also discussed in the article. In general, the conceived program of urban reforms faced great difficulties, but the transformations that were carried out played an essential role in the history of Madrid.
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Védyushkin, Vladimir. "The Embassy of Pyotr Potemkin to Spain, 1667–1668: Some Features of Mutual Perception and Dialogue of Two Diplomacies." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640015032-3.
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The Russian diplomacy of the 17th century had some specific features in comparison with the Western European diplomacy of the same time. The purpose of this article is to identify these features and analyze the perception of Russian ambassadors by European diplomats. The research is based on both Russian and Spanish documentation of the embassy of Piotr Potemkin (1667–1668), the first Russian embassy in Spain. Since there were no instances of diplomatic contacts between the two countries in the past, the diplomatic ceremonial was of crucial importance for P. Potemkin’s mission. Since no contact between the diplomats and the Ambassadorial Chancellery in Moscow was not possible due to the long distance between Russia and Spain, the detailed instructions (nakaz) given to P. Potemkin in Moscow acquired a special significance. Therefore the article aims to determine the extent and nature of the dependence of the diplomats’ actions on their instructions. A comparative analysis of the nakaz and the final report (stateinyi spisok) in the part related to the stay of the embassy in Madrid and the negotiation process shows that the ambassadors scrupulously observed the nakaz, taking initiative only in those cases that were not covered by it. All of its requirements had a logical explanation: not to harm the interests of Russia, not to lower the honour of the envoys of a great power, not to create a bad precedent in the diplomatic ceremonial. The Spanish side, not sufficiently aware of the specifics of the nakaz, sometimes did not understand the behaviour of the ambassadors, attributing it to their vanity, pettiness, and bad temper. At the same time, although the Russian embassy took Spanish diplomats wholly by surprise, the latter managed, within a limited time, to collect a variety of information about the Russians and take it into account, showing flexibility in organizing audiences and during negotiations. Although there were differences between Spanish and Russian diplomats, both sides adhered to European diplomatic practice. The absence of contradictions between the two states and their interest in establishing diplomatic relations and developing bilateral trade determined the success of P. Potemkin’s embassy.
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Keller, Marcel, Maria A. Spyrou, Christiana L. Scheib, Gunnar U. Neumann, Andreas Kröpelin, Brigitte Haas-Gebhard, Bernd Päffgen, et al. "Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541–750)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (June 4, 2019): 12363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820447116.
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The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although paleogenomic studies have previously identified the causative agent as Y. pestis, little is known about the bacterium’s spread, diversity, and genetic history over the course of the pandemic. To elucidate the microevolution of the bacterium during this time period, we screened human remains from 21 sites in Austria, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain for Y. pestis DNA and reconstructed eight genomes. We present a methodological approach assessing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ancient bacterial genomes, facilitating qualitative analyses of low coverage genomes from a metagenomic background. Phylogenetic analysis on the eight reconstructed genomes reveals the existence of previously undocumented Y. pestis diversity during the sixth to eighth centuries, and provides evidence for the presence of multiple distinct Y. pestis strains in Europe. We offer genetic evidence for the presence of the Justinianic Plague in the British Isles, previously only hypothesized from ambiguous documentary accounts, as well as the parallel occurrence of multiple derived strains in central and southern France, Spain, and southern Germany. Four of the reported strains form a polytomy similar to others seen across the Y. pestis phylogeny, associated with the Second and Third Pandemics. We identified a deletion of a 45-kb genomic region in the most recent First Pandemic strains affecting two virulence factors, intriguingly overlapping with a deletion found in 17th- to 18th-century genomes of the Second Pandemic.
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Bullón, T. "Little Ice Age, Palaeofloods and human adaptation on the Jarama River (Tajo Basin, Central Spain) from documentary proxy data." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 46, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.4276.
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This research assesses the close relationship between river history and human adaptation by combining the study of the migration of channels on the floodplain, the temporal distribution of floods, and human adaptation to the fluvial environment during the Little Ice Age (LIA) period on the Jarama River section situated between the mouths of two tributaries, the Henares and Manzanares. The methodology consists of the employment of abundant documentary records from the 14th to 19th centuries related to the response of society to hydrological dynamics within changing river patterns. The management and delimitation of land ownership, along with the readjustments and modifications therein, allow the inference of the changes that have taken place in the river throughout history. These changes include meander cut-offs, the abandonment of a channel fragment and aggradation in the alluvial plain, all of them located in different areas within the study area and with different historical timeframes. A relationship exists between changes in fluvial dynamics and the times of the greater abundance of floods. An initial change in the alluvial plain occurred in the Middle Ages as a result of the abandonment of the medieval channel and the creation of a new channel. The second change occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries and affected the properties on the right-hand bank of the river. Since the 18th century, the abandonment of and reduction in meanders and the aggradation at the Manzanares-Jarama mouth have created a new alluvial plain of the river. The different phases of the LIA defined herein coincide with much of the palynological and dendrochronological research conducted in other areas of the southwestern fringe of Europe. From the historical point of view, critical changes appear to be associated with some LIA phases. Furthermore, the progressive transformation of communal lands into public or private property could be promoted by the intense floods recorded since the 15th century. The Maunder and Dalton Minimums occurred together with an increase in the area assigned for agriculture on the alluvial plain; this land use type continued to grow during the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Suciu, Silvia. "Afacerea artei. Piața de artă în Marea Britanie în secolele XVII -XVIII." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 35 (December 20, 2021): 105–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2021.35.06.
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While the royal houses and the aristocracy of Italy, Low Countries, France and Spain had already an history in collecting pieces of art, Great Britain adopted this “fashion” only under Charles the 1st reign, in 17th century. Charles the 1st understood that his painted portraits, sculpted busts and a royal collection of art could bring a higher value to his royal status and this practice was representing the power, the authority and the virtues of a king. He was a prodigious collector and made numerous acquisitions of paintings and statues. He collected the artworks of more than 1750 artists; that formed the basis of Royal Collection, the greatest private collection nowadays. The reign of Charles the 1st was highly significant for the appearance of “Court Painters”, who also had the quality of diplomats at various European courts. Peter Paul Rubens and Antoon Van Dyck have been highly appreciated at the court of Charles the 1st. In his artworks Van Dyck captured the “flamboyant” spirit of the time; he gave brilliance to his characters and transformed significantly the image of the King, providing him a special refinement, as it can be seen in the portraits he painted to Charles the 1st. The next century was marked by painters such as William Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough. Hogarth was considered „the most famous painter in London”, and he brought his important contribution to the establishment of a copyright law. His printed graphic series and satirical paintings have been inspired from the social and political reality of his time. Aristocracy’s and bourgeoisie’s emancipation in the 18th century led to the flourishing of the portraiture. Reynolds and Gainsborough were the most desired painters when it came about making portraits and their fame transcended their time. Keywords: collection, Great Britain, Royal Painter, portrait, art power
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Budi, Syah. "Akar Historis dan Perkembangan Islam di Inggris." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.76.
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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King had trade ties with the peoples Muslim Spain, France and North Africa. In addition, also found in the 9th century the words 'bismillah' by Kufi Arabic on Ballycottin Cross. Indeed, in the eighth century history has noted that trade between Britain and the Muslim nations has been established. In fact, in 817 Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi wrote the book Shurat al-Ardhi (World Map) which contains a picture of a number of places in England. In the 12th century, when the feud with Pope Innocent III, King John established a relationship with Muslim rulers in North Africa. Later, in the era of Henry II, Adelard of Bath, a private teacher of the King of England who had visited Syria and Muslim Spain, translated a number of books by Arab Muslim writers into Latin. The same is done by Danel of Marley and Michael Scouts who translated Aristotle's works from Arabic. In 1386 Chaucer wrote in his book prologue Canterbury of Tales, a book that says that on the way back to Canterbury from the holy land, Palestine, a number of pilgrims visit physicists and other experts such as al-Razi, Ibn Sina and Ibnu Rusyd. At that time Ibn Sina's work, al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, had become the standard text for medical students until the seventeenth century.The development of Islam increasingly rapidly era after. In 1636 opened the Arabic language department at the University of Oxford. In addition, it is well known that the English King Charles I had collected Arabic and Persian manuscripts. In the era of Cromwell's post civil war, the Koran for the first time in 1649 was translated in English by Alexander Ross. In the nineteenth century more and more small Muslim communities, both immigrants from Africa and Asia, settled in port cities such as Cardif, South Shield (near New Castle), London and Liverpool. In the next stage, to this day, Islam in Britain has formally developed rapidly through the roles of institutions and priests, and the existence of Islam is also widely acknowledged by the kingdom, government, intellectuals, and the public at large
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Budi, Syah. "AKAR HISTORIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI INGGRIS." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.40.
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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King had trade ties with the peoples Muslim Spain, France and North Africa. In addition, also found in the 9th century the words 'bismillah' by Kufi Arabic on Ballycottin Cross. Indeed, in the eighth century history has noted that trade between Britain and the Muslim nations has been established. In fact, in 817 Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi wrote the book Shurat al-Ardhi (World Map) which contains a picture of a number of places in England. In the 12th century, when the feud with Pope Innocent III, King John established a relationship with Muslim rulers in North Africa. Later, in the era of Henry II, Adelard of Bath, a private teacher of the King of England who had visited Syria and Muslim Spain, translated a number of books by Arab Muslim writers into Latin. The same is done by Danel of Marley and Michael Scouts who translated Aristotle's works from Arabic. In 1386 Chaucer wrote in his book prologue Canterbury of Tales, a book that says that on the way back to Canterbury from the holy land, Palestine, a number of pilgrims visit physicists and other experts such as al-Razi, Ibn Sina and Ibnu Rusyd. At that time Ibn Sina's work, al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, had become the standard text for medical students until the seventeenth century.The development of Islam increasingly rapidly era after. In 1636 opened the Arabic language department at the University of Oxford. In addition, it is well known that the English King Charles I had collected Arabic and Persian manuscripts. In the era of Cromwell's post civil war, the Koran for the first time in 1649 was translated in English by Alexander Ross. In the nineteenth century more and more small Muslim communities, both immigrants from Africa and Asia, settled in port cities such as Cardif, South Shield (near New Castle), London and Liverpool. In the next stage, to this day, Islam in Britain has formally developed rapidly through the roles of institutions and priests, and the existence of Islam is also widely acknowledged by the kingdom, government, intellectuals, and the public at large.
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Ridruejo, Emilio. "Los Epígonos Del Racionalismo en España." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.08rid.
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Summary French philosophical grammmar and grammatical rationalism developed from the 17th-century Port Royal Grammar, but they were not adopted by Spanish grammarians until early in the 19th century. Of works responsible for the introduction of French grammatical philosophy in Spain, one of the earliest and the most important one is the Principios de gramática general (Madrid 1835), by José Gómez Hermosilla (1771–1837/38?). The work was very well received; by 1841 it already was into a third edition. Even before first appearing in print, a manuscript of the Gramática General was used to adapt Gómez Hermosilla’s ideas to the 1828 Castilian grammar of Jacobo Saqueniza (anagram for Joaquín Cabezas). The most important of the Castilian grammars influenced by the work of Gómez Hermosilla were the one just mentioned and the one by Antonio Martinez de Noboa, published in 1839. The application of Hermosilla’s theories to descriptive grammars of Castilian required adapting both the theory and the description to achieve a reasonable fit between universal and language specific aspects. Other adjustments were required of the writers of descriptive grammars in order to avoid conflicts with a long and well established grammatical tradition. Nevertheless, grammars like those of Saqueniza and Noboa show innovations which resulted from their relationship with the theories of Hermosilla which will produce a deictic interpretation of articles, possesives and demonstratives, and will affect the theory of verb tenses, as well as the definitions of prepositions and conjunctions, and the classification of sentences. Additionally, Noboa’s Castilian Gramática, whose title makes a claim to be in accordance with grammatical philosophy, includes the most extensive and systematic treatment of syntax prior to the appearance of the work of Andres Bello (1781–1865) in 1847.
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Sanders, Michael J. "Jerusalem Afflicted: Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-Century Crusade. Chad Leahy and Ken Tully, eds. and trans. London: Routledge, 2020. xii + 198 pp. $155." Renaissance Quarterly 74, no. 2 (2021): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2021.82.
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Hernández Borreguero, José Julián. "La elección del método contable: el caso del Cabildo Catedral de Sevilla, siglo XVI = Choosing an accounting method in the 17th century: the case of the Cathedral Council of Sevilla, Spain." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 13 (December 1, 2011): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i13.611.
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Gracias al avanzado estado de las investigaciones en Historia de la Contabilidad podemos situar en qué momento temporal aparecieron sucesivamente los distintos métodos contables que hoy conocemos. A pesar de ello, son pocos los estudios que analizan por qué los contadores elegían uno u otro para gestionar una determinada entidad económica. En nuestra opinión existen una serie de restricciones y condicionantes a la hora de la decisión sobre el método contable a implantar en un determinado negociado. En este trabajo centramos esta problemática en una entidad eclesiástica, concretamente el Cabildo Catedral de Sevilla. En el siglo XVII, cuando el uso de la partida doble estaba plenamente difundido en la ciudad y en el país, observamos cómo en la mayoría de los negociados del Cabildo no se utilizó este método, sino diversas variantes de la partida simple. A lo largo de esta comunicación analizamos los casos en los que se utilizan los distintos métodos; en nuestra opinión hay una buena correspondencia entre los métodos utilizados y la realidad económica que se gestionaba.<br /><br />Thanks to the advanced state of research about the history of accounting, we can exactly date the moment in which the present accounting methods were first used. However, there are few studies focusing on the reasons to choose a specific accounting method to manage an institution. This study reviews those reasons in an ecclesiastical institution, the Cathedral Council of Seville. In the 17th century, when double entry was widely used in town and throughout the country, we can see how the Cathedral Council used instead versions of the single entry method. This paper addresses the cases in which the different methods were used. We think that there is a good correspondence between the method chosen and the economic reality managed.
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Silvestre Madrid, María, and Emiliano Almansa Rodríguez. "Almadén en la España del siglo XVII. Crisis de producción de azogue y soluciones propuestas." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.17.
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RESUMENA mediados del siglo XVI, la mina de azogue de Almadén adquirió una gran importancia debido al descubrimiento del método industrial de la amalgamación para los minerales de plata de baja ley. Los accidentes, enfermedades y el impago de salarios hicieron que el trabajo de minero no fuera atractivo para los forasteros, de modo que faltaban brazos para dar la producción de azogue necesaria para abastecer a las minas americanas de plata. En el siglo XVII, el Consejo de Hacienda intentó solucionar el problema de las consignaciones económicas, lo que resultó harto difícil en una España con graves dificultades financieras y, por otra parte, trató de conseguir mano de obra para la mina, fuera forzada, esclava o procedente del repartimiento de pueblos cercanos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Almadén, azogue, siglo XVII, mineros, repartimiento.ABSTRACTIn the middle of the 16th century, the Almadén quicksilver mine acquired considerable importance due to the discovery of the industrial method of amalgamation of low-grade silver ores. Accidents, diseases and unpaid wages made mining work unattractive to outsiders, so manpower was needed for the quicksilver production necessary to supply American silver mines. In the 17th century, theFinance Council attempted to solve the problem of economic consignments, which was very difficult in a Spain with serious financial difficulties and, meanwhile, tried to obtain workers for the mine, be they forced, enslaved or from the repartimiento of nearby villages.KEY WORDS: Almadén, quicksilver, 17th century, miners, repartimiento. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgricolae, G., De Re Metallica libri XII, Basileae: Froben, 1556.Álvarez Nogal, C., El crédito de la monarquía hispánica en el reinado de Felipe IV, Ávila, Junta de Castilla y León, 1997.Bleiberg, G., El informe secreto de Mateo Alemán sobre el trabajo forzoso en las minas de Almadén, Londres, Tamesis Book Limited, 1984.Carande, R., Carlos V y sus banqueros, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1987.Castillo Martos, M., Bartolomé de Medina y el siglo XVI. Un sevillano lleva la revolución tecnológica a América, Sevilla, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 2001.Dobado González, R., “Las minas de Almadén, el monopolio del azogue y la producción de plata en Nueva España en el siglo XVIII”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, 1997, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 403-495.Gil Bautista, R., Almadén del Azogue, Puertollano, Ediciones Puertollano, 2013.Gil Bautista, R., Las minas de Almadén en la Edad Moderna, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 2015.González, T., Registro y relación general de minas de la Corona de Castilla, Madrid, Imprenta de Don Miguel de Burgos, 1832.Hernández Sobrino, A., Los esclavos del rey. Los forzados de Su Majestad en las minas de Almadén, años 1550-1800, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Asociación Montesur, 1982.Hernández Sobrino, A., Silvestre Madrid, M. A. y Almansa Rodríguez, E., “La mina de azogue de Almadén en la época del Quijote” en La España del Quijote: IV Centenario Cervantes, Llerena, 2017, Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, pp. 161-172.Langue, F. y Salazar-Soler, C., Dictionaire des termes miniers en usage en Amerique espagnole (XVI-XIX siecle), Paris, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1993.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, Vol. I: Desde la época romana hasta el año 1645, Madrid, Consejo de Administración de Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, 1958.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, vol. II: Desde 1646 a 1799, Madrid, Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, S.A. e Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 1987.Menéndez Navarro, A., Catástrofe morboso de las minas mercuriales de la villa de Almadén del Azogue (1778) de José Parés y Franqués, edición anotada, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, 1998.Prieto, C., La minería en el Nuevo Mundo, Madrid, Ediciones de la Revista de Occidente, 1977.Prior Cabanillas, J., La pena de minas: los forzados de Almadén, 1646-1649, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2006.Sánchez Gómez, J., De minería, metalurgia y comercio de metales. La minería no férrica en el reino de Castilla, 1450-1610, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca e Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España, 1989.Sánchez Gómez, J., “La técnica en la producción de metales monedables en España y en América”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997, pp. 17-264.Silvestre Madrid, M. Á., Mineros de Almadén en la América Colonial, Trabajo Fin de Máster, Universidad de Córdoba, inédito, 2014.Voltes Bou, P., El ocaso de los Fugger en España. Operaciones de los Fugger en la España del siglo XVII, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén, 2009.
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Busto Cortina, Juan C. "Nuevos textos literarios asturianos del XVII y un nuevo testimonio del entremés de L'Alcalde." Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana 17, no. 17 (January 10, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rfa.17.2017.93-146.
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A partir de la reciente publicación de dos ediciones de poesía asturiana del siglo XVII, se examinan y sistematizan algunas informaciones sobre los poetas que participaron en los certámenes poéticos de 1639, 1665 y 1666. Los treinta años que separan uno y otros certámenes, y el ámbito jesuita donde se desarrolla el primero, hizo que muy pocos de los poetas que intervinieron en el de 1639 participasen en los que tuvieron lugar en la segunda mitad de siglo, hasta hace poco los únicos conocidos. Se pone en relación este tipo de poesía celebrativa que se compone en asturiano con lo que se produce en otros lugares de España. En el ámbito universitario salmantino se acogen textos en sayagués y también se emplea el sayagués (junto con el asturiano) en el certamen ovetense de 1639, en lo que pudo tener que ver la procedencia salmantina de su compilador, el P. Andrés Mendo. Sin embargo, mientras el sayagués pierde importancia en su uso literario a lo largo del XVII (ello se ve claramente en los villancicos), el empleo de otras lenguas irá en cambio en aumento a partir de este siglo. Ello es manifiesto en Galicia, en Navarra y en Asturias, cuyas lenguas vernáculas tendrán cabida en diversos certámenes durante este periodo. Se destaca el interés de otra nueva celebración poética de la que no había noticia hasta ahora: la que tiene lugar con la llegada a Asturias del obispo Ambrosio Ignacio de Spínola. En este contexto surge el nombre de un poeta completamente ignorado: Juan García de Prada, que muestra seguir de cerca el magisterio de Marirreguera en el uso de la octava real y de otros recursos literarios. Se dedica una especial atención al surgimiento de los primeros testimonios literarios manuscritos en asturiano que deben ser datados en la segunda mitad del XVII. Asimismo, se examina el caso particular de alguna obra regueriana: el Romance a Santa Eulalia de Mérida y el entremés de El Alcalde. De este entremés se ofrece una versión inédita contenida en un manuscrito de la primera mitad del XVIII, primer testimonio manuscrito de una obra de Marirreguera. Este testimonio presenta algunos rasgos lingüísticos (el empleo del pronombre -ye en función de dativo) que también aparecen en los poemas de García de Prada de la segunda mitad del XVII.Palabras clave: poesía asturiana del XVII; poesía celebrativa; Juan García de Prada; Andrés Mendo; Marirreguera; historia de la lengua asturiana; teatro de ‘entremés’.From the recent publication of two editions of Asturian poetry of the 17th century, some information on the poets who participated in the poetic contests of 1639, 1665 and 1666 are examined and systematized. The thirty years that separate one and other contests, and the Jesuit area where the first one was developed, made that very few of the poets who intervened in the one of 1639 could do so in those that took place in the second half of the century, the only ones known till recent times. This type of celebratory poetry that is composed in Asturian relates with what is produced in other places of Spain. In the University of Salamanca, texts are given in Sayagués, and the Sayagués (together with the Asturian) is also used in the competition of Oviedo in 1639, with which the Salmantine origin of its compiler, Fr. Andrés Mendo, could have had somethings to do. However, while the Sayagués lost importance in its literary use throughout the seventeenth century (this is clearly seen in the villancicos), the use of other languages will gradually increase from this century on. This is evident in Galicia, Pamplona and Asturias whose vernacular languages will have room in various competitions during this period. The interest of another new poetic celebration of which unknown is highlights: the one that takes place with the arrival in Asturias of the bishop Ambrosio Ignacio de Spínola. In this context comes the name of a completely ignored poet: Juan García de Prada, who shows to follow closely the magisterium of Marirreguera in the use of the real octave and other literary resources. Particular attention is given to the emergence of the first literary manuscripts testimonies in Asturian that must be dated in the second half of the xvii. Also the particular case of some Marirreguera’s work is examined: the «Romance to Santa Eulalia of Mérida» and the «El Alcalde» entremés. From this entremés an unpublished version contained in a manuscript of the first half of the xviii, first manuscript testimony of a work of Marirreguera is offered. This testimony presents some linguistic features (the use of the pronoun -ye in function of dative) that also appear in the poems of García de Prada of the second half of the xvii.Keywords: Asturian poetry of the 17th century; celebratory poetry; Juan García de Prada; Andrés Mendo; Marirreguera; history of the Asturian language; theatrical ‘entremés’.
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Moreno-Almárcegui, Antonio, and Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte. "Demographic causes of urban decline in 17th century Spain." Annales de démographie historique 130, no. 2 (2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/adh.130.0133.
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Piscos, James Lotero. "Stewardship Towards God’s Creation Among Early Filipinos: Implications to Inculturated Faith." Bedan Research Journal 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v4i1.1.
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An integral inculturated faith is anchored to the Filipino cultural heritage and identity. Primal cosmic beliefs and practices carried the holistic customs of stewardships towards God’s creation where it embodied the union and mutuality of the natives to nature rather than control and subordination. The research utilized primary materials written by Spanish ethnographers in the 16th-17th century. Although their observations were from the colonizers’ perspectives, it still revealed beliefs and practices at that time common among early Filipinos. One needs to filter and decipher those accounts to unearth early Filipinos experiences of oikenomous. Although the study was limited to the Tagalogs, still the dynamics of power-relations between the inhabitants and nature were demonstrated using the lenses of Foucault’s discourse on power. The findings of the research could have implications to inculturated faith given the open atmosphere of the Church for its renewed evangelization that includes stewardship towards God’s creation where harmony and communion with Mother Earth strengthens our bonds with God and find each other in a place we truly call a home.ReferencesPre-hispanic influence on filipino culture. (1958). Sunday Times Special Issue on the Foundations of Filipino Culture, pp. 2-5.Two lectures: Critique and power. (1998).Blair, E. and Robertson, A. (1903-1990). The Philippine islands, 1493-1898: explorations by early navigators, Descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest conditions with european nations to the close of the nineteenth century. (eds. at annots. ), 55. Cleveland: B & RCatholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines. (1991). Acts and decrees of theChirino, P. (1603). Relacion de las yslas Filipinas. 12, 174-321. Madrid: B & R.Colin, F. (1663). Labor evangelica. 40, 38-97. Madrid: B & RDavid, M., Mauro, B. & Alessandro, F. (Eds.). (1971). Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-76. New York: Picador.Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. (1977). New York: Random House Inc.Donoso, I. et al.(n.d.) Transcribed and eds. Boxer Codex of 1570 (2018). Quezon City: Vibal Publishing.Filipino indigenous ethnic communities: Patterns, variations, and typologies. (1998). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Filipino prehistory: Rediscovering precolonial heritage. (1998). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Filipino worldview: Ethnography of local knowledge. (2001). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Flannery, A. (1984). Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Postconciliar documents. New York: Costello Publishing Co.Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. Translated by A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Pantheon Books.Fox, R. (1966). “Ancient filipino communities.” Filipino cultural heritage. Edited by F. Landa Jocano. Manila: Philippine Women’s University.Francis, Pope. (2015). Laudato si. Vatican Press. https://dokumen.tips/documents/notes-on-philippinedivinities.html.Hurley, R. (Ed) The history of sexuality: An introduction. (1990). 1..New York: Vintage Books.Jocano, L. (1969). Outline of Philippine mythology. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Outline-Philippine-Mythology-Landa-Jocano/dp/1790400864#reader_1790400864 on December 10, 2018Kelly, M. (Ed). (1998). Foucault/Habermas Debate. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Licuanan, V. and Llavador, M. (1996) Philippines under Spain. (eds and annots). 6, Manila: National Trust for Historical and Cultural Preservation of the Philippines.Loarca, M. (1582). Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. 5, 38-252. Madrid: B & RMadness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. (1965) London: Random House Inc.Morga, A. (1609). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. 15, 25-288. Mexico: B & RNational Historical Commission. (1887). Coleccion de documents ineditos de ultramar, Madrid.Notes on Philippine Divinities. (1968). Asian Studies.Pastells, P. (1925) Historia general de Filipinas in catalogo de los documentos relativos alas Islas Filipinas. Barcelona.Pigafetta, A. (1522). The first voyage around the world. 33, 24-266. Madrid: B & RPlasencia, J. (1589). Customs of the Tagalogs. 7, 173-198. Manila: B & RPre-history of the Philippines. (1967). Manila: National Museum.Ramos, M. (1990). Philippine myths, legends and folktales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.San Agustin, G. (1998) Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas: 1565-1615. (Bilingual Edition.) Translated by Luis Antonio Maneru. Manila: San Agustin Museum.Second Plenary Council of the Philippines. Manila: CBCP Press.Sulod Society. (1968). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Villote, R. (1987). My tenth hour. Syneraide Consultaties.Zaide, G., (1990) Documentary sources of Philippine History. (eds. at annots.) 14, Manila: National Bookstore.
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García, Alfredo Martín. "Divorce and Abuse in 16th, 17th and 18th Century Spain." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (December 2014): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.042.
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Udías, Agustín. "Earthquakes as God's punishment in 17th- and 18th-century Spain." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 310, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp310.6.
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Gross, Alan G., Joseph E. Harmon, and Michael S. Reidy. "Argument and 17th-Century Science." Social Studies of Science 30, no. 3 (June 2000): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631200030003002.
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Stone, R. "HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Championing a 17th Century Underdog." Science 301, no. 5630 (July 11, 2003): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5630.152.
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Angermann, Norbert. "Russian merchants in Livonia in the 17th century." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, no. 2 (28) (2020): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2020.201.
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The paper describes the trade activity of Russian merchants in Livonia (in the widest sense of the term, including Estonia), which was under the rule of Sweden and Poland in the 17th century and later only under the Swedish rule. The main purpose of Russian merchants in the beginning of the 17th century was Reval (Tallinn) and later Narva. They also visited Riga and much less Dorpat (today’s Tartu). The author was able to identify new evidence of this by working in the archives of Baltic cities. Shopping yards for Russian merchants were established in Riga, Narva and Dorpat, which served as living quarters and a place for storing and selling goods. Interesting information about this is provided by the accounts of German farm administrators in Narva and Derpt, which are analyzed in this article for the first time. Russian guests in Livonia were mainly middle and minor merchants, as well as representatives of the largest trading companies in Novgorod and Pskov, commissioners of the tsars and, on the other hand, artisans, peasants and fishermen. Their activities served the extensive European trade in linen, hemp, leather, fat and fur as the main Russian supplies. The Livonian inhabitants were also supplied with industrial and agricultural products. The number of visitors to Livonia from northwest Russia and beyond was significantly higher than the number of Livonian merchants trading in Novgorod, Pskov and Moscow.
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Küng, Enn. "Tallinn's Balance of Trade in the 17th Century." Hansische Geschichtsblätter 137 (June 29, 2021): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hgbll.2019.194.
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Der mittelalterliche Handel Tallinns (Reval) hatte Waren aus Nordwestrussland und Livland nach Westeuropa weitergeführt. Dabei ist die Handelsbilanz der Stadt im Ost-West-Handel als positiv eingeschätzt worden. Mit dem 1558 ausgebrochenen Russisch-Livländischen Krieg und der Eingliederung der Stadt in das Schwedische Reich lösten sich die Verbindungen zum russischen Markt auf. Tallinn wurde zum Ausfuhrhafen für die landwirtschaftlichen Produkte Estlands, Livlands und Finnlands, v. a. Getreide. Die Handelspartner Revals wechselten: Die Lübecker wurden von den Niederländern verdrängt. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt der vorliegende Artikel die Handelsbilanz von Tallinn im 17. Jh. in den Blick, ihre Entwicklung und die Frage, ob und inwiefern das Gleichgewicht der Ein- und Ausfuhr erzielt wurde. Die Datengrundlage stellen die dortigen Pfundzollbücher, die mit nur wenigen Lücken vorhanden sind. Aus diesen Büchern geht hervor, dass die positive Handelsbilanz des Mittelalters auch im 17. Jh. für Tallinn charakteristisch war. Während der Kriege am Anfang des 17. Jh.s war die Handelsbilanz Tallinns noch negativ, ab 1622/23 wurde sie aber positiv. Neue Rückschläge erlitt der Handel der Stadt wegen der Kriege Schwedens mit seinen Nachbarstaaten Russland, Polen und Dänemark in der Mitte des 17. Jh.s. Wegen der Missernten der ersten Hälfte der 1660er Jahre wurde die Getreideausfuhr aus Reval verboten. In der Mitte der 1690er Jahre war das Hinterland Tallinns ebenfalls von großen Miss-ernten betroffen, die Hunger mit sich brachten. In diesen Perioden sowie während des 1700 ausgebrochenen Großen Nordischen Krieges war die Handelsbilanz der Stadt negativ. Einer allgemein positiven Handelsbilanz sind also Kriege, Missernten und daraus folgende Getreideausfuhrverbote als zeitweise Störfaktoren des Handels gegenüberzustellen.
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Willumsen, Liv Helene. "Children accused of witchcraft in 17th-century Finnmark." Scandinavian Journal of History 38, no. 1 (February 2013): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2012.741450.
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Boldyreva, Natalia. "William Camden’s “Britannia” in 17th-century Russia." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 55, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22102396-05501013.
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Abstract This article is an analysis of the historical and topographical treatise “Britannia” by William Camden as transmitted to Russia and translated. Russian audience was introduced to the work by Camden through two atlases. The first of these, the Mercator-Hondius Atlas included lengthy excerpts from the 1600 edition of “Britannia.” The text of the Atlas was translated in 1637 by the staff of Posolskii prikaz. The second translation of Camden’s work into Russian, commissioned by Patriarch Nikon, (that of the 1607 edition) was produced in late 1650s as volume four of the New Atlas by Blaeu. Camden’s antiquarian studies, with the texts juxtaposed to maps, were in high demand in Russia, and this can be proved by numerous copies of the Russian translations and by their use both in private libraries and in schools. This helped spread the latest scientific information about the British Isles in Russia, which circulated among the members of Muscovite intellectual elite.
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Kooi, Christine, Erik Larsen, and Jane P. Davidson. "Calvinistic Economy and 17th Century Dutch Art." Sixteenth Century Journal 32, no. 2 (2001): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671845.
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Ann Kleimola. "Hunting for Dogs in 17th-Century Muscovy." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 11, no. 3 (2010): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.0.0170.
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Orser, Charles E. "Rethinking ‘Bellarmine’ contexts in 17th-century England." Post-Medieval Archaeology 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2019.1601390.
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Ackermann, Silke, Elizabeth Gatti, and Thom Richardson. "A 17th-century Pikeman's Armour from Antwerp." Arms & Armour 7, no. 1 (April 2010): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174161210x12652009773410.
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Dinneen, Francis P. "A 17th-century account of Mohawk." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.07din.
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Summary Jacques Bruyas (c.l630-c.l701) left a set of notes on Mohawk in the late 1600s which were published in 1862. His account and work done on the language in the 20th century are compared. Where he fails to record all the sound-contrasts that are functional in the language and is unable to cope with allophones, modern workers may still disagree on how best to represent them. His lack of models for the description of a polysynthetic language, with a modest phonemic inventory, but complex morphophonemics, obscures morphemic boundaries. Bruyas had the reputation among contemporaries of being equally fluent in French and Mohawk, yet his notes fail to mention factors that are obviously frequent, complex and demanded for accurate communication. While the vocabulary in his account is perhaps better handled than in modern works, the selection is more guided by human interest than grammatical relevance.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Truong, Anh Thuan, and Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. "Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal: Port of Faifo (Vietnam)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 1 (2022): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.109.
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo (Hoi An, Quang Nam province) emerged as one of the busiest international trading ports in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam in particular. At the same time, in Europe, Portugal and its formidable navy discovered a new maritime route to Asia. Using this knowledge, the Portuguese became one of the first Western states to explore this part of the world and laid the foundation for trade and missionary activities in a number of different countries and locations there. Among them, Faifo (in Vietnam) was a notable example. In fact, for almost a century (from the second half of the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century), the Portuguese had established business relationships and played an important role in trading activities in Faifo. Meanwhile, the Portuguese Crown strongly supported the Jesuit priests, aiding them in becoming the first Catholic missionary force based in Vietnam, thereby allowing for the introduction and spread of Christianity in Faifo as well as in other locations around Cochinchina. However, at the end of the 17th century, for a number of different factors, Portugal gradually lost its important role in trading and missionary activities in the port of Faifo. This article examines the Portuguese commercial and missionary activities in Faifo in the 16th and 17th centuries. It also aims to make a specific contribution to clarifying the relationship of exchange between Vietnam and Portugal in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Cortés Ortiz, Cecilia A. "Diseño de la base de datos de sermones impresos durante el siglo XVII en la Nueva España." (an)ecdótica 3, no. 2 (August 12, 2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.2019.2.119136.
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The organization and design of the database of sermons printed during the 17th century in New Spain is described in detail in this article. The database has thirteen tables with various fields that contain a great deal of information (authors, printing workshops, publication year, publication city, works that contain those sermons, other works by the same author, sponsors who financed the publication of the sermons, etcetera) regarding all of the sermons printed in that century that were found in main collections with historical archives. This data can be a starting point for future research concerning the theme of sacred oratory in New Spain.
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Сорокина, Т. Б. "Freethinking of the 17th Century: Edward Herbert’s Philosophy." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.002.
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В работе характеризуются взгляды Эдварда Герберта – английского философа, политика и общественного деятеля первой половины XVII в. Автор анализирует основные положения философской системы Э. Герберта, отмечая логическую связь между теорией познания и философией религии. Показано, что гносеологический объективизм Герберта явился основанием для его деистических идей, главной из которых стала идея «естественной религии». Автор считает заслугой Герберта попытку обосновать объективные основы и критерии познания, соединить его когнитивные и ценностные начала, подчеркнуть системное взаимодействие всех элементов. In the work are characterized by philosophical views of Edward Herbert – English philosopher, politician and public figure of the first half of the 17th century. The author of the article analyzes the basic provisions of the philosophical system of E. Herbert, noting the logical connection between the theory of cognition and the philosophy of religion. It is shown that Herbert's epistemological objectivism was the basis for his deistic ideas, the main of which was the idea of "natural religion". The author considers Herbert's merit to try to substantiate objective basics and criteria of cognition, to combine his cognitive and value principles, to emphasize the systemic interaction of all elements.
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Dayton, Cornelia Hughes, and Richard Weisman. "Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts." American Journal of Legal History 30, no. 3 (July 1986): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845736.
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Nuchelmans, Gabriel. "A 17th-century debate on the consequentia mirabilis." History and Philosophy of Logic 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445349208837193.
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Fear, A. T. "FOURTH-CENTURY SPAIN." Classical Review 54, no. 2 (October 2004): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/54.2.518.
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Wilkinson, Greg. "Eating disorder in 17th century France – psychiatry in history." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.162.
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DENNEHY, COLEMAN A. "Speakers in the 17th-Century Irish Parliament*." Parliamentary History 29, no. 1 (February 2010): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2009.00135.x.
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