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Alexiou, Giorgos, Marios Meimaris, George Papastefanatos, and Ioannis Anagnostopoulos. "LinkZoo." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 16, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2020070101.
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This article presents LinkZoo, a web-based, linked data enabled tool that supports collaborative management of information resources. LinkZoo addresses the modern needs of information-intensive collaboration environments to publish, manage, and share heterogeneous resources within user-driven contexts. Users create and manage diverse types of resources into common spaces such as files, web documents, people, datasets, and calendar events. They can interlink them, annotate them, and share them with other users, thus enabling collaborative editing, as well as enrich them with links to externally linked data resources. Resources are inherently modeled and published as resource description framework (RDF) and can be explicitly interlinked and dereferenced by external applications. LinkZoo supports creation of dynamic communities that enable web-based collaboration through resource sharing and annotating, exposing objects on the linked data Cloud under controlled vocabularies and permissions. The authors demonstrate the applicability of the tool on a popular collaboration use case scenario for sharing and organizing research resources.
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Liu, Chunjing, and Xueyong Yu. "Construction of 3D Design Model of Urban Public Space Based on ArcGIS Water System Terrain Visualization Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1881342.
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On the premise of being familiar with ArcGIS Server technology, we build the architecture of the entire platform, including the basic support layer, data layer, service platform layer, and application layer, and build the entire environment of the platform. We make electronic maps through Arc Map, and collect, organize, and improve spatial data and attribute data, so as to achieve satisfactory accuracy and visual comfort. This study implements various map services under the Dojo framework, including basic map operations, information display and query, marker points, eagle eye diagrams, measurement, printing, and other functions, and uses JavaScript technology to improve user experience. We publish various services through ArcGIS Server, and realize fast and error-free invocation of each service. Based on the theory of runoff and runoff, ArcGIS software was used to study the hydrological information of the watershed, and to determine the catchment area threshold and hydrological response unit. Combined with the GIS spatial analysis method, the numerical simulation of rainfall and runoff in the study case area was carried out, and the variation of the annual rainfall-runoff coefficient was obtained. This study selects an area where stock planning was first proposed as the object of this research. Briefly, we introduce the construction of three-dimensional public space in a certain area, select thirteen typical three-dimensional public spaces as representatives for public evaluation, and explore their existing problems, mainly including the lack of adaptability of space functions and the lack of diversity in space design, privatization of operation management, low level of public perception, etc. Since then, in response to the public problems of the three-dimensional public space in a certain area, a targeted three-dimensional public space optimization strategy is proposed from the four levels of planning policy, urban design, management subject, and user subject.
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Liu, Chunjing, and Xueyong Yu. "Construction of 3D Design Model of Urban Public Space Based on ArcGIS Water System Terrain Visualization Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1881342.
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On the premise of being familiar with ArcGIS Server technology, we build the architecture of the entire platform, including the basic support layer, data layer, service platform layer, and application layer, and build the entire environment of the platform. We make electronic maps through Arc Map, and collect, organize, and improve spatial data and attribute data, so as to achieve satisfactory accuracy and visual comfort. This study implements various map services under the Dojo framework, including basic map operations, information display and query, marker points, eagle eye diagrams, measurement, printing, and other functions, and uses JavaScript technology to improve user experience. We publish various services through ArcGIS Server, and realize fast and error-free invocation of each service. Based on the theory of runoff and runoff, ArcGIS software was used to study the hydrological information of the watershed, and to determine the catchment area threshold and hydrological response unit. Combined with the GIS spatial analysis method, the numerical simulation of rainfall and runoff in the study case area was carried out, and the variation of the annual rainfall-runoff coefficient was obtained. This study selects an area where stock planning was first proposed as the object of this research. Briefly, we introduce the construction of three-dimensional public space in a certain area, select thirteen typical three-dimensional public spaces as representatives for public evaluation, and explore their existing problems, mainly including the lack of adaptability of space functions and the lack of diversity in space design, privatization of operation management, low level of public perception, etc. Since then, in response to the public problems of the three-dimensional public space in a certain area, a targeted three-dimensional public space optimization strategy is proposed from the four levels of planning policy, urban design, management subject, and user subject.
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Cabrera Andrade, Paola Lizbeth, Dora Angélica Correa Fuentes, and Peter Chung Alonso. "Modelo de medición de la resiliencia en espacios públicos, a partir del City Resilience Index." Vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/rvcs.v0i8.135.
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Rodprayoon, Nachayapat. "Communication Via Self-disclosure Behavior of Micro-influencers on Social Media in Thailand." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n2p49.
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Technology and human way of life have changed through eras and time, just like business operations that require marketing in order to develop to have their spaces in the consumers’ minds. It can be seen that with the time passes, marketing communication tools also change. Currently, it is unavoidable to rely on internet technology to help in the marketing process through the use marketing communication tools called “Marketing Communication”, done through social media. The website has created a model of society, allowing consumers to search for information on their own based on the direct experiences of those who have used that products, influential people in ideas or influencers, which play a huge role in the distribution of news and information. Therefore, various agencies/ organizations are persuading these influencers to participate in activities, organized to help. The influencer will publish information and create word-of-mouth online. As the importance of the behavior of the group of people that are classified as micro-influencers have increased rapidly, information dissemination through micro-influencers has become an important tool in communication that marketers rely on by using consumers to communicate with consumers. Therefore, there are studies of forms of identity disclosure, level of disclosure, social capital, and social support of self-disclosure behavior of individuals, who are micro-influencer. It is beneficial to entrepreneurs, including marketers to study about aforementioned topics in order to plan communication to consumers by choosing to use consumers as messengers in order to make that communication most effective. The research was conducted in-depth interviews with 30 micro-influencers on social media via Facebook, between 24-38 years old, with 500 - 10,000 followers. The research found that Social support is the main reason that micro-influencers have revealed themselves on social media via Facebook. Meanwhile, it is also a way to learn about self-disclosure forms on social networks of influential people at the micro level or micro-influencers on order to be used as a tool for marketing communication in the current marketing world, especially the form of marketing communication in Thailand through social media.
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Penner, Regina. "The problem of personal identity in modern domestic and foreign philosophical research (analytics of scientific databases)." Socium i vlast 4 (2021): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2021-2-36-49.
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Introduction. According to the well-established opinion of specialists in social sciences and humanities, a person diffracts his selves in the modern world: real spaces (professions, statuses) and virtual (accounts, profiles). In the diffraction of a person through spaces of different order, each “new” self acquires relative autonomy (a trace of the self in the network, which is present regardless of the attitude to it), and at the same time there remains the connection that, as it were, keeps the self with his digital images and “prints”. The main questions of the article are: in what relation and in relation to what is it possible to talk about the identity of a modern person; what fundamentally significant do the researches on human identity give us today; what do those who ask questions about personal identity in the digital age focus their attention on? In order to answer these questions, let us turn to scientific articles from domestic and foreign journals. This article presents the analytics of publications from Scopus and RSCI databases, in which the problem of personal identity is posed. The purpose of the article is to analyze scientific publications on human identity and summarize the main ideas presented in those publications. Methods. The research is based on general scientific methods, analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, and abstraction. The author analyzes scientific publications on the basis of the interpretation method and a systematic approach method. Content analysis was used as a method, but it was used within the scope of the purpose. The publications were selected on the basis of the authors’ research of various aspects of identity and the difference in interpreting the phenomenon. Results. Analysis of Scopus publications made it possible to assert that the problem of identity is moving out of the anthropological context and acquiring new technical and technological frameworks (for example, scholars are raising the problem of the digital data identity, digital identification in the context of online transactions). At the same time, the anthropological view of identity remains. It is found for instance in the context of narratives, texts of a person about self that are posted on the Internet. In this context, the concept of “Person Life View” (M. Schechtman) is presented as a variant of a person’s holistic view of the self. The analysis of domestic publications makes it possible to conclude that representatives of social sciences and humanities in their research strive to overcome the dynamic view of a person (dissolving of identity or an absent self), are in search of models of “stability” of identity. Conclusion. Posing the question about the personal identity of a modern person, it seems that the border between the directly human (consciousness and body, for example) and the technical and technological (the Internet and the objective world) is becoming more and more destabilized every day. This predetermines the direction of the research. Contemporary scholars, who publish the results of their work in journals included in scientific databases, are faced not only with the problem of substantiating human identity as a theoretical concept that reflects the modern situation, but also with the problem of finding models in which a person is able to embody the idea of “stability” of identity in the everyday life.
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Issawi, Fatima el. "Alternative Public Spaces in Hybrid Media Environments: Dissent in High Uncertainty." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 98, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699021998381.
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Independent news websites and press played a vital role in creating spaces of contention in the context of the Moroccan pro-democracy movement of 2011. This article looks at the role of this press in disseminating alternative narratives in the hybrid media and political environment that followed the pro-democracy movement. Based on extensive interviews with journalists, this article examines journalists’ practices in countering hegemonic media and political discourse, to understand how they contribute to—or hinder—the formation of counter publics under tough repression. The article uses the critical frameworks of dominant and counter-publics and Judith Butler’s concept of silencing.
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Jain, Anil K. "Spinal TB: Impact of Research Evidence on Clinical Practice." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 54, no. 01 (January 2018): 033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712820.
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ABSTRACTThe evidence generated while treating the patients is the key for growth of science. Finding answers to series of research questions spread over many years may change the clinical practice. This presentation is based on 25 research questions, 44 publications while treating 3300 patients over last 28 years ( 1990-2017) which has substantially changed the objective of treatment in spinal tuberculosis (TB) from healing of lesion with sequelae of spinal deformity and paraplegia to achieving healed status with near normal spine.Three cases of late-onset paraplegia were evaluated (1990) by newly introduced MRI. The syringohydromyelia and severe cord atrophy were attributed as the cause of paraplegia. We conducted a series of prospective studies to define and correlate MRI observations on spinal cord in paraplegia and followed the treatment outcomes. The cord edema, myelomalacia, cord atrophy and syringomyelia were observed in cases with neural complications. The patients with cord edema and liquid compression are predictor for neural recovery, while dry lesions and myelomalacia for poor neural recovery. The mild cord atrophy was consistent with neural recovery while severe cord atrophy with sequalae of neural deficit. Upto 76% canal encroachment was found compatible with intact neural state. Spinal deformity in TB spine is better prevented than treated. The contagious vertebral body disease with intact disc spaces, subperiosteal and paravertebral, septate abscesses, intra-osseous and intraspinal abscesses are considered features of spinal TB and resolution of abscess and fatty replacement is characteristic of healing. The clinicoradiological predictors for diagnosing spinal TB in predestructive disease were defined. Only 35% patients achieved healed status on MRI by DOTS regimen at 8 months, Hence, it is unscientific to stop antitubercular treatment (ATT) at fixed time schedule. The criteria to suspect multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB and guide to treatment were definedResidual Kyphotic deformity in spine TB produces severe proximal/distal degeneration of spine and/or late-onset paraplegia. We correlated the final kyphosis with initial vertebral body (VB) loss, where 1.5 VB height loss will produce 600 spinal deformity or more, hence surgical correction of spinal deformity is indicated. The surgical steps of kyphotic deformity correction are: anterior corpectomy, posterior column shortening, instrumented stabilization, anterior gap grafting and posterior fusion in a single stage and sequentially. The surgical incision of costo-transversectomy was modified so that kyphosis correction and posterior Hartshill instrumentation can be performed simultaneously. The retroperitoneal extrapleural approach for dorsolumbar spine was described. Meta-analysis of spinal instrumentation in TB spine established the lack of defined indication of instrumented stabilisation. Panvertebral/ long segment disease, kyphotic deformity correction are listed as indications of instrumented stabilisation in TB spine. The end point of treatment in spinal TB still eludes us to resolve the optimum duration of ATT regimen. The PET scan may be used to define it. We believe if a clinician works slow and steady on a series of research questions and by sustained focused efforts can change the clinical practice. We after this sustained research work could contribute in framing Bone and Joint TB guidelines and publish as monograph.
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Papageorgiou, Alexandros, Alexandra Siotou, and Penelope Papailias. "Reflections on Anthrobombing: Experiments in Performing, Publishing and Becoming with (Other) Publics." Public Anthropologist 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891715-bja10031.
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Abstract This article is based on a two-year collaborative research program on public anthropology in Greece focused on narrative experimentation with stand-up comedy and alternative publishing with handmade books, or cartoneras. Viewing in anthropology a powerful tool to dismantle prevalent commonsense about nationalism, gender norms and capitalist progress, we “bombed” time-spaces in which academic discourse is not usually present. The embodied experience of performing and publishing in an “anthropological way” outside of spaces of academic communication led to insights about the potential of humor, multimodal forms and performance for anthropology, new questions about “who anthropology is for” and “what makes knowledge anthropological”, and an emergent concern for becoming-with, rather than just bombing, publics.
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Scott, Howard Eric. "Through the wall of literacy." Education + Training 60, no. 6 (July 9, 2018): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2018-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how peripheral participants contributed to and became more central members of a community of practice based in a social network that was used to support mobile learning approaches among post-compulsory education students. The notion was that in inducing participation through pedagogical strategies, individualised online presence could be increased that would support studentship, confidence and literacy improvements in participants who are normally apprehensive about online and formal learning contexts. Design/methodology/approach The network was used by four separate groups of 16-19 aged students and 19+ aged adults, with a constant comparison made of their activity and communication. A content analysis was made of students’ posts to the network, with the codes sorted thematically to examine how students used the network to support themselves and each other. Interviews were held with students across the two years to explore perceptions of the network and the community. Findings Peripheral participants navigate through ontological thresholds online to develop individual identity presence online. Increased communicated actions (“posts”) improves participation overall and the interaction of members in terms of developing a community of practice online. The results of communicated actions posted in visible online spaces improved the literacy control and willingness to publish content created by those peripheral participants. Research limitations/implications The study is taken from a small sample (approx. 100 students) in a case study comparing results across four different groups in an English Further Education college. Most of the positive results in terms of an impact being made on their literacy capability was found among adult students, as opposed to students in two 16-19 aged groups. Research implications identify hypothetical stages of identity presence online for reluctant and peripheral participants. This shows the potential of students to be induced to openly participate in visible contexts that can support further identity development. Practical implications The implications show that blended learning is necessary to improve the opportunity for mobile learning to happen. Blended learning in itself is dependent on and simultaneously improves group cohesion of learners in online communities. When students develop a momentum of engagement (and residence within) networks they exploit further technological features and functions and become more co-operative as a group, potentially reducing teacher presence. Learning activities need to support the peripheral participants in discrete and purposeful ways, usually achieved through personalised supported learning tasks. The notion and attention paid to the difficulties in bringing peripheral participants online has implications for the prescription of online learning as a form of delivery, especially among FE students. Social implications This paper problematizes the notion of peripheral participants and suggests they are overlooked in consideration of learning delivery, design and environments. Peripheral participants may be considered to be students who are at risk of not being involved in social organisations, such as communities, and vulnerable to diminished support, for instance through the withdrawal of face-to-face learning opportunities at the expense of online learning. Originality/value This paper makes a small contribution to theories surrounding communities of practice and online learning. By deliberately focusing on a population marginalised in current educational debate, it problematizes the growing prescription of online learning as a mode of delivery by taking the perspectives and experiences of peripheral participants on board.
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Alabdullah, Weaam. "Incorporating Practices of Publicness in Kuwaiti Parks. Chai Ithahha, Cricket, Diwaniya, and Malls." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 1 (January 31, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i1.1253.
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This paper focuses on practices of publicness in Kuwait that do not necessarily fall under accepted discourses of public space, highlighting the importance of incorporating such practices within the existing literature as they affect landscape architecture. The practices include chai ithahha (women’s morning tea), diwaniya (predominantly men’s gathering), cricket games played by South Asian men, and mall outings. I suggest using these practices in the design of parks at a time of increasing privatization. While these practices enhance social connectivity in Kuwait and highlight political demands as in the case of the diwaniya and chai ithahha, I contend that these examples have limitations because they take place in exclusive settings, affecting access and appearance of certain publics based on class, gender, nationality, and location. The mall is a landscape and one can argue that malls can incorporate spaces for diwaniya and chai ithahha gatherings, and perhaps even cricket courts. Yet, there is something about the tactility of the landscape that is unsatisfied by the mall. The mall is meeting a certain need but is insufficient, as it remains an exclusive, private, and closed space. Parks stand as complex cultural spaces of representation and risk and they offer the best opportunity for an inclusive atmosphere. The practices highlight a potential for parks in dealing with privatization and segregation. Embracing and reinterpreting these practices in more inclusive parks may lead to the appearance and representation of more publics in spaces tailored to a place’s identity and people’s needs. This could mean introducing multiple programs in one space, like gathering spaces for a diwaniya and chai ithahha, and sports areas, within diverse urban settings, while also focusing on the micro-scale of design elements like seating. This paper concludes that public parks which embrace such practices begin to respond to the needs of society with all its complexity, becoming a terrain for fostering both community engagement and placemaking.
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Schlüter, Leon. "Resisting Epistemic Injustices: Beyond Anderson’s “Imperative of Integration”." Las Torres de Lucca. International Journal of Political Philosophy 10, no. 19 (June 7, 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/ltdl.76463.
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In this paper, I take up the question of how epistemic injustices can be resisted. Miranda Fricker (2007), who introduced the term to describe situations in which subjects are wronged as knowers, has initially advocated an individualist, virtue-based account to counteract epistemic injustices. Epistemic injustices, however, do not merely operate at an individual level but are rooted in social practices and structures. Arguably therefore, individually virtuous epistemic conduct is not enough to uproot patterns of epistemic injustice. Institutional change and collective actions are needed. Recently, Elizabeth Anderson (2012) has proposed such a structural remedy. Diagnosing patterns of social segregation that track existing inequalities to be the principal structural cause of epistemic injustices, Anderson suggests that integration is required to achieve epistemic justice. Pace Anderson, I argue that certain segregated spaces —namely spaces provided by subaltern counter-publics— can function and, in fact, have historically functioned as important sites of epistemic resistance. In particular, I argue that even if integration is sharply distinguished from assimilation, Anderson’s proposal insufficiently acknowledges the subversive potential of those spaces, in which shielded from the gaze of the oppressors, marginally situated subjects can assemble and question hegemonic epistemic practices
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Ercan, Selen A. "From polarisation to pluralisation: A deliberative approach to illiberal cultures." International Political Science Review 38, no. 1 (June 22, 2016): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512115619465.
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This article outlines the advantages of a deliberative democratic approach to ‘illiberal cultures’ and polarised debates in contemporary multicultural societies. In doing so, it draws on the insights of agonistic pluralism, and shows that a cross-fertilisation between certain variants of deliberative democracy and agonistic pluralism is both possible and desirable. Focusing particularly on the works of John Dryzek and William Connolly, the article highlights three normative criteria for polities to aspire to, if not fully achieve, to democratise the debates over illiberal cultural practices. These include: i) an expanded notion of inclusion underpinned by the principle of agonistic respect; ii) the presence of spaces that facilitate interaction and contestation among the multiple publics of a culturally contested issue; and iii) the generation of concrete outcomes based on discursive contestation among multiple publics. To illustrate how approximation to these criteria might look in practice, the article focuses on the example of the honour-killing debate in Britain.
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Baker, Michael, and Martha Foote. "Changing Spaces: Urban School Interrelationships and the Impact of Standards-Based Reform." Educational Administration Quarterly 42, no. 1 (February 2006): 90–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x05278187.
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Muñan Valencia, Daniel Iván, and Martha Cecilia Miker Palafox. "La apropiación de espacios públicos en contexto de violencia: Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 12 (February 10, 2020): 138–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i12.2585.
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El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar las formas de apropiación del espacio público en un contexto de violencia, a través de la teoría de la apropiación del espacio de Pol (1996, 2002) y Vidal y Pol (2005), cómo los actores involucrados se reconocen en el espacio y cómo es su relación y comportamiento en él. Metodológicamente, se basa en un estudio realizado en tres espacios públicos rehabilitados por la estrategia Todos Somos Juárez, fueron analizados a través de dos componentes: la acción transformación y la identificación simbólica. Los hallazgos señalan que en el proceso de transformación los sujetos adoptaron una identificación simbólica al ser parte del diseño y al observar la metamorfosis de dicho lugar. Mientras que los significados se transformaron de “no lugares” a “parques”. Como limitaciones del artículo se tiene que sólo tres espacios públicos fueron estudiados y no la totalidad de la ciudad.Palabras clave: Cohesión social, Apropiación espacios públicos, Ciudad Juárez The appropriation of public areas in the context of violence: Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, MexicoSummaryThe objective of this article is to describe and analyze the forms of appropriation of public areas in a context of violence, through the theory of appropriation of the space of Pol (1996, 2002) and Vidal and Pol (2005), how the actors involved recognize themselves as part of a space and how their relationship and behavior in it is. Methodologically, it is based on a study conducted in three public spaces rehabilitated by the Todos Somos Juárez strategy, they were analyzed through two components: the action transformation and the symbolic identification. The findings indicate that in the transformation process the subjects adopted a symbolic identification by being part of the design and observing the metamorphosis of that place. While the meanings were transformed from "no places" to "parks." As limitations of the article, only three public spaces were studied and not the entire city.Keywords: Social cohesion, Appropriation of public spaces, Ciudad Juárez L’appropriation des espaces publics en contexte de violence : Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexique.RésuméL’objectif de cet article est celui de décrire et d’analyser les formes d’appropriation de l’espace public dans un contexte de violence à travers la théorie de l’appropriation de l’espace de Pol (1996, 2002) et Vidal et Pol (2005), de comment les acteurs impliqués se reconnaissent dans l’espace et de comment est leur relation et leur comportement à l’intérieur de cet espace. Méthodologiquement, cet article se base dans une étude réalisée dans trois espaces publics restaurés par la stratégie Todos Somos Juárez, ils ont été analysés à travers deux composants : l’action transformation et l’identification symbolique. Les trouvailles signalent que dans le processus de transformation les sujets ont adapté une identification symbolique car ils font partie du schéma et de l’observation de la métamorphose de ce lieu pendant que les significations se sont transformées de « non-lieu » à « parcs ». En tant que limitations dans cet article : Il n’y a que trois espaces publics qui ont été étudiés et pas la totalité de la ville.Mots clés: Cohésion sociale, Appropriation d’espaces publics, Ciudad Juárez
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Adlung, Shari, Margreth Lünenborg, and Christoph Raetzsch. "Pitching Gender in a Racist Tune: The Affective Publics of the #120decibel Campaign." Media and Communication 9, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i2.3749.
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This article analyses the changed structures, actors and modes of communication that characterise ‘dissonant public spheres.’ With the #120decibel campaign by the German Identitarian Movement in 2018, gender and migration were pitched in a racist tune, absorbing feminist concerns and positions into neo-nationalistic, misogynist and xenophobic propaganda. The article examines the case of #120decibel as an instance of ‘affective publics’ (Lünenborg, 2019a) where forms of feminist protest and emancipatory hashtag activism are absorbed by anti-migration campaigners. Employing the infrastructure and network logics of social media platforms, the campaign gained public exposure and sought political legitimacy through strategies of dissonance, in which a racial solidarity against the liberal state order was formed. Parallel structures of networking and echo-chamber amplification were established, where right-wing media articulate fringe positions in an attempt to protect the rights of white women to be safe in public spaces. #120decibel is analysed and discussed here as characteristic of the ambivalent role and dynamics of affective publics in societies challenged by an increasing number of actors forming an alliance on anti-migration issues based on questionable feminist positions.
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Roseau, Nathalie. "Airports as Urban Narratives." Transfers 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020104.
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This article focuses on the process of the design of airports and how in particular the urban context has shaped their specific histories. Far from being merely pure technical or functional equipment, they have been mirrors for contemporary expectations, just as they informed the modern urban imaginary. According to this perspective, an urban history of airports can be traced from the first aerodromes dedicated to large urban publics to the development of spectacular airports driven by the massive recent routinization of air transport so intricately bound up with globalization. Based on research on specific cases of the design and building of New York and Paris airports, this article aims to resist the temptations to dehistoricize the airport topic, and to introduce a narrative mode of thinking about these specific and concrete spaces.
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Peixoto, Clarice. "Do diário de campo à câmera na mão ou de como virar antropólogo cineasta." Revista de Antropologia 39, no. 2 (December 19, 1996): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2179-0892.ra.1996.111700.
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This article discusses the use of audio-visual techniques in social researches, referring to a comparative research about the role of publics spaces in Paris and Rio de Janeiro regared to the elders sociability. The aim of this study is to deepen the investigation in the field of urban anthropology as adding to its methodology the instrurnents of visual anthropology. Vídeo is used along side with interviews, opening up to the possibility of repeating images, with allows new questions, corrections, modifications anel inclusions based upon suggestions of the filmed people. Such feedback method has been important for the study os spontaneous sociability manifestations, as it allows the understanding of the simbolic construction of a pertaining territory and above all the representation of personal identity, particularly of the elders
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Peixoto, Clarice. "Do diário de campo à câmera na mão ou de como virar antropólogo cineasta." Revista de Antropologia 39, no. 2 (December 19, 1996): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2179-0892.ra.1996.111700.
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This article discusses the use of audio-visual techniques in social researches, referring to a comparative research about the role of publics spaces in Paris and Rio de Janeiro regared to the elders sociability. The aim of this study is to deepen the investigation in the field of urban anthropology as adding to its methodology the instrurnents of visual anthropology. Vídeo is used along side with interviews, opening up to the possibility of repeating images, with allows new questions, corrections, modifications anel inclusions based upon suggestions of the filmed people. Such feedback method has been important for the study os spontaneous sociability manifestations, as it allows the understanding of the simbolic construction of a pertaining territory and above all the representation of personal identity, particularly of the elders
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Zebracki, Martin. "A cybergeography of public art encounter: The case of Rubber Duck." International Journal of Cultural Studies 20, no. 5 (May 9, 2016): 526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877916647142.
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Scholarship has largely been conducted on publics’ ‘offline’ public art encounters, while public art practice has become increasingly integrated with virtual dimensions. This article aims to fill this gap by focusing on digitally mediated public art engagement. A case study on the travelling Rubber Duck exhibition (2012–present) interrogates how this artwork is appropriated and narrated through digitally networked spaces (mainly social media, forums and news platforms) after its repeated on-site installations. This article argues for the need to expand on ‘virtual relationality’: the communication, (re-)negotiation and (re-)siting of public art’s roles and meanings through (mainly text- and image-based) social mediations within hybrid, online-offline contexts. Public art encounters are examined along fluid cybergeographical understandings of its social and spatial publicness, temporalities and uses, which deconstruct binaries including material/digital space, permanence/ephemerality and human/non-human.
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Webb, Adam K. "Resonance of the Arab Spring: Solidarities and youth opinion in the Global South." International Political Science Review 39, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116666391.
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The Arab Spring exemplifies to many a kind of globalisation from below. It cuts across borders and challenges liberal and technocratic élites. But how far does its global resonance really go? Are publics still largely corralled within national political spaces? Are waves of revolt confined by civilisational breakwaters? Or is the cosmopolitan space that many leftists envision taking shape? Based on a three-country survey of university students, this article probes these assumptions. It finds far-reaching solidarity with the aspirations of the Arab Spring, driven by the rise of a cross-border global society. But on probing the bases of such solidarity, it also finds that the cosmopolitan cohort emerging in the Global South does not fit a simple liberal or leftist mould. The Arab Spring resonates on multiple frequencies at the same time. This complex cosmopolitanism has implications for layers of common ground as global political opportunity structures emerge.
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Stigsdotter, Ulrika K., Sus Sola Corazon, and Ola Ekholm. "A nationwide Danish survey on the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 6 (December 5, 2017): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817745188.
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Background: There is increasing awareness of the importance and health benefits of living near green spaces. Research usually focuses on the general population’s use of green spaces and there has been little focus on the use of green spaces by specific groups, such as people with mobility disabilities. This represents a significant knowledge gap with regard to facilitating access to healthy green environments by all population groups. This study aims to provide knowledge of the use of green spaces by people with mobility disabilities. Methods: The study was based on data from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey in 2005. The study participants consisted of 11,238 adult Danes, 383 of whom reported mobility disabilities, meaning that they were dependent on assistive devices for walking or moving around. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between mobility disability and use of green spaces. Results: The results show that respondents who reported mobility disabilities visited green spaces less often than respondents without mobility disabilities. The severity of the mobility disability was associated with the frequency of visits. Frequency of visits was also related to the respondents’ health-related quality of life status. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for further research into the constraints faced by people with mobility disabilities with regard to visiting green spaces.
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Wardhani, Mustika Kusumaning, Tomohiko Yoshida, and Alpraditia Malik. "Third Place Design Strategy for Commuter in Sub-urban (Case Study: Outdoor Public Space in Tangerang City, Indonesia)." Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jadu.v3i1.8886.
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In recent years, Urban population density spreads towards suburbs of the metropolitan city as the impact of urbanisation. In Indonesia, Commuting activity does not only occur in the centre of metropolitan city Jakarta but spreads outside to the suburbs such as in Tangerang City. Commuting activities often cause stress, and some outdoor public spaces are expected to be healing space for recreation needs amidst a busy life. The lack of integration of urban design that supports commuting activities along with leisure activities is a problem that will be raised. This paper aims to evaluate the configuration of a potential location as the third space in Tangerang City infrastructure around bus stops and train station. Methods used are qualitative methods with a rationalistic approach. The research findings postulated three paradigms in Tactical Urbanism design strategy, which are: (1) Functionally, Tactical Urbanism can form a multipurpose proximity network that functions simultaneously between mobility and relaxation activities; (2) Socially, tactical urbanism design strategy can eliminate social segregation where there are no gaps to spend leisure time around Tangerang station for commuter, community, also tourist; (3) Visually, Tactical Urbanism can encourage people to come and sit for a while and become an icon of Tangerang City with the design of public open spaces integrated with infrastructure for transportation. Based on the above findings, a framework is conceptualised as an attempt to strengthen the tactical urbanism design strategy in the suburbs area.
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Anikieva, Anna V., and Uliana S. Shvindt. "The mobility of Ural region company town residents: social practices and peculiarities of city spaces." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 11, no. 4 (2020): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2020.11.4.684.
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The authors of this article base their reasoning on the fact that company towns are a special type of city space. In order to successfully implement programs for supporting and developing company towns, one must take into account the specific features inherent to the social-territorial community in question. Drawing attention to individual movement practices, them being activities in space, allows for identifying specifics and patterns in that particular social space where they are practiced, and the production of which they are contributing to. The study of the moving practices of industrial company town residents, which in scientific literature is represented by a very limited amount of studies, bears considerable potential for research, since it allows for tracing the entire process of space reproduction. Mobility has a systemic and routine character, being based on specific activity stereotypes and implicit “background expectations”. As a result they are rather difficult to register using classic survey methods. The authors of this article base their reasoning on the assumption that studying social movement practices requires the examination of those situations which violate the established social order. The article takes into consideration publications from the “VK” social network as a description for such “situations”. As such, the empirical base for the study consists of messages from open-access virtual territorial communities. The authors analyze communities that publish local news from three company towns in Sverdlovsky region (Pervouralsk, Krasnoturyinsk and Revda). The main distinction of the chosen data source is that publications appear upon user initiative, which rules out any influence the researcher might have on the meaning of the message. Content-analysis results allow for drawing a conclusion on the leading role of the automobile for company town residents, as well as on their dissatisfaction with public transport services. Also, the study allows for identifying the city space peculiarities inherent to Ural region company towns, which are defined by the locals’ mobility practices and also reproduced by said practices. According to the authors, these peculiarities are as follows: regarding a company town as a closed social-territorial community, perceiving such a city in the vein of outdated, unsafe space and obsolete infrastructure, as well as a certain tension existing between the population and local authorities within the city’s social space.
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Cuadrada, Coral, and Enric Olartecoechea. "Cuerpos Públicos, Cartas Privadas (ss. XVI-XVII)." Triangle, no. 17 (August 5, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle17.25-69.
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The analysis of the correspondence between two sixteenth/seventeenth century female aristocrats —Luisa de Carvajal, Magdalena de San Jerónimo— enables us to reect on the value of relics and their relevance in the Spanish Baroque Counter-Reformation. We correlate Luisa's yearning for martyrdom as well as her mystical and religious exaltation with some of Magdalena's commitments at the Penitents House, at the Flemish Court, and as founder of the prison for prostitutes and female delinquents known as the Casa de la Galera, and, therefore, with dierent bodies and semiotics: the ill body of men, that polluting of 'working girls'; the bodies of virgins, of prostitutes, of actresses. These relate to dierent public spaces: the brothel, the theatre, the Magdalene asylum. And, in a very special manner, to the res publica and the Spanish Empire. All this based on the continuous background of Mary Magdalene's myth, a fundamental text that unites all the women considered here.
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Lara-Moreno, Raquel, Ester Lara, and Débora Godoy-Izquierdo. "Exploring Intraindividual Profiles for Home Buildings Based on Architectural Compositional Elements and Psychological Health Factors: A Transdisciplinary Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168308.
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Based on the transactional and salutogenic perspectives, we explored individual profiles that integrate psychosocial factors and compositional elements of the built home environment. Adults with different socio-demographic characteristics completed several self-report measures on psychological factors (personality traits, self-efficacy, mental health, and happiness) and architectural elements constituting the ideal home environment. Adopting an individual-centered perspective, three distinct intra-individual psycho-architectural (person-environment) profiles were found with different compositional preferences and psychosocial characteristics in terms of functioning, health, and well-being: endopathic (characterized by higher levels of psychosocial resources and well-being indicating a highly adapted and successful profile, and architectural preferences corresponding to their identities and experiences—expression through spaces), assimilative (characterized by average levels in all regulatory parameters indicating moderately adaptive individuals, and architectural preferences of spaces created in interactive processes—introjection of spaces), and additive individuals (characterized by a comparatively dysfunctional, poorer psychosocial profile, and architectural preferences in line with provoking a restorative effect—change with spaces). An awareness of the psychosocial features of the users for whom the homes are built can help in designing spaces to inhabit that are adapted to them for an enhancement of their overall well-being. Therefore, a better understanding of the interconnections between psychology and architecture will help in designing healthy spaces.
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Teixeira, Andreia, Ronaldo Gabriel, José Martinho, Irene Oliveira, Mário Santos, Graça Pinto, and Helena Moreira. "Distance to Natural Environments, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Body Composition in Women: An Exploratory Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043647.
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A growing body of evidence indicates that living close to nature is associated with better health and well-being. However, the literature still lacks studies analyzing the benefits of this proximity for sleep and obesity, particularly in women. The purpose of this study was to explore how distance to natural spaces is reflected in women’s physical activity, sleep, and adiposity levels. The sample consisted of 111 adult women (37.78 ± 14.70). Accessibility to green and blue spaces was assessed using a geographic-information-system-based method. Physical activity and sleep parameters were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers (wGT3X-BT), and body composition was assessed using octopolar bioimpedance (InBody 720). Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the data. Our findings reveal that women living in green spaces close to their homes had lower levels of obesity and intra-abdominal adiposity. We also demonstrated that a shorter distance to green spaces seemed to correlate with better sleep onset latency. However, no relationship was found between physical activity and sleep duration. In relation to blue spaces, the distance to these environments was not related to any health indicator analyzed in this study.
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Amanda Hickey, Margaret Henning, and Lissa Sirois. "Lessons Learned During Large-Scale Implementation Project Focused on Workplace Lactation Practices and Policies." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 3 (November 20, 2021): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211055692.
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Purpose This practice-based research funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focuses on the translation of evidence-based practices and policies into real-world applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to research the implementation process for lactation accommodations and policies for work sites. Design or Approach Pre-/post-test evaluation of work-site lactation accommodations, and 6-month follow-up with business that worked on the project. Setting/Participants 34 businesses across New Hampshire. Method The team developed work-site selection criteria to award mini-grants; developed trainings and a toolkit; and worked with 34 businesses over a 3-year period. Pre-/post-implementation data were collected using the CDC work-site scorecard. A 6-month follow-up phone interview was conducted with each site. Results We assessed the CDC scorecard and evaluated the challenges of implementing lactation spaces by industry. In our 6-month follow-up, we found that spaces were still being utilized and we identified specific research to inform practical evidence-based applications and lessons learned when implementing a work-site lactation space. Conclusion We successfully provided financial/technical support to develop or improve 45 lactation spaces, with policies and practices to support mothers and families for 34 businesses. We identified key takeaway lessons that can be used to guide the development of lactation spaces and policies in work sites. Sites self-report that these work-site changes were sustainable at 6-month follow-up.
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Niu, Yanyan, Jia Yu, Dawei Lu, Renwu Mu, and Jiahong Wen. "Spatial Allocation Method of Evacuation Guiders in Urban Open Public Spaces: A Case Study of Binjiang Green Space in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912293.
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Evacuation guiders play an important role when emergency events occur in urban open public spaces. Considering the shortcomings of the existing studies, an optimization method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and gradual covering model for spatial allocation of evacuation guiders in urban open public spaces is proposed. This method considers the impact of obstacles on intervisibility between guiders and evacuees, and the non-linear changing characteristics of the evacuation guiding quality based on the distances between guiders and evacuees to optimize the space allocation of evacuation guiders in urban open public spaces. Based on the emergency evacuation simulation, the evacuation efficiencies before and after the optimization of evacuation guider allocation can be compared to verify the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, in order to improve the applicability of this method, the responsibility areas of the evacuation guiders are zoned according to different time periods. A case study of Binjiang Green Space in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results showed that the spatial allocation of evacuation guiders was highly correlated with the dynamic spatial change of evacuees. The reasonable spatial allocation optimization of evacuation guiders can effectively improve the emergency evacuation quality and reduce evacuation risks. The zoning of the evacuation guiders’ responsibility areas can help to clarify the responsibility area of each guider and provide a daily safety precaution scheme under a limited number of guiders. The method can provide detailed decision support for the security precaution of security staff and emergency evacuation management in urban open public spaces.
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Wu, Wen, and Kewei Ding. "Optimization Strategy for Parks and Green Spaces in Shenyang City: Improving the Supply Quality and Accessibility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084443.
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In this study, we evaluated the supply quality of parks and green spaces within the Third Ring Road area in Shenyang city by combining a landscape pattern index analysis with a principal component analysis. Moreover, a network analysis based on the ArcGIS platform was used to measure the accessibility of parks and green spaces. The research results showed that the overall supply quality of parks and green spaces (−9.55) must be improved. The supply quality levels of the four analyzed park types could be ranked as follows: garden parks (118.00) > community parks (73.67) > comprehensive parks (−16.64) > specific parks (−32.17). Among the analyzed recreation parks, the accessibility of daily recreation parks was poor, while the overall service efficiency of weekly recreation parks was better, except in a few regions. These research results can provide suggestions for future green space planning in Shenyang city. In addition, from the perspective of landscape patterns, studying the service quality of parks and green spaces can provide new ideas for further research on accessibility.
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Guevara Sánchez, Brenda Griselda, and Francisco Javier Verduzco Miramón. "La producción de líderes políticos situados en dos comunidades políticas mexicanas." Eutopía, Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial, no. 13 (June 25, 2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/eutopia.13.2018.3287.
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En este escrito reflexionamos sobre las condiciones históricas que influyeron para que en dos espacios geográficos, organizativos y económicos distintos existan importantes similitudes en la producción de complejos liderazgos agrarios. Por un lado, la comunidad agraria de Zirahuén en Michoacán, nos centraremos en la figura política de Marcos Paz Calvillo; por el otro el ejido de Campos, Colima con Armín Núñez Meza. Estas organizaciones son analizadas como comunidades políticas perennes, en las cuales su propia historia y las biografías de los sujetos estudiados estuvieron en constante producción y disputa. Con base en nuestros resultados etnográficos proponemos la noción de liderazgos políticos situados, cuyo rango de influencia depende, en gran medida, de los objetivos, espacios, públicos y condiciones históricas específicas de sus respectivas formaciones.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the historical conditions that allowed two very different geographic, organizational and economic spaces to develop important similarities in the production of complex agrarian leaderships; on one hand, the agrarian community of Zirahuén in Michoacán, centered in the political figure of Marcos Paz Calvillo; on the other, the Campos ejido in Colima with its leader, Armín Núñez Meza. These organizations are examined as perennial political communities in which local history and the biographies of the subjects studied emerged through an ongoing process of production and dispute. Based on our ethnographic results we propose the notion of situated political leadership in these communities; the degree of influence exerted by such leaderships depends largely on the objectives, spaces, publics and specific historical conditions of their respective formation.
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N., Baskaran. "People with Disabilities and Their Representation in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Post-War Jaffna." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2005.
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People with disabilities have become an important topic for discussion in the post-war Sri Lanka due to many reasons. In Northern Sri Lanka, different age group of the population in war-torn areas are often direct or indirect victims of violence, and witnesses to various issues associated with war disaster. Over three decades of war in Sri Lanka has changed the traditional views of disability and replaced it with a view of disability as a social oppression. This study, therefore, looks to understand the social background of people with disabilities. The main objective of this study is to consider the meaning of disabilities in public spaces in post-war Jaffna[1]. The chosen field was undertaken in Thenmaradchi Divisional Secretariat of Jaffna district. This paper has reported on the experiences of 59 people with disabilities who were disabled during the war period. The primary data were collected from interviews and surveys with predetermined case study, non-direct and participant observation and key informant interviews through purposive sampling. It is in this context; an attempt is made to understand the meaning of people with disabilities through their day-to-day life events, situations, and their experiences. This paper discusses the meaning of disabilities under three factors namely, Religious Discourse, Family Structure and Women Status based on grounded theory method. Moreover, these socio-cultural interpretations of people with disabilities are linked with other important factors such economic and political aspects. The finding of the study was that the people with disabilities depicted there are usually crippled and socially excluded or hidden in the limited public spaces in post-war Jaffna. Since disability issues have become a central part of the development and social work discourse in the post-war Tamil society, the researcher hopes that this research will contribute to policy formation for people with disabilities and the effective implications of the post-war reintegration process and development process. Finally, it is hoped that the study will create social awareness and mobilize people with disabilities and strengthen the disabled in society.
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Chen, Yujie, Yuan Yuan, and Yuquan Zhou. "Exploring the Association between Neighborhood Blue Space and Self-Rated Health among Elderly Adults: Evidence from Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316342.
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Blue spaces is associated with self-rated health (SRH), but little is known about the pathways underlying this association among Chinese urban elderly individuals. Based on neighborhood effect theory, this study examined the relationship between neighborhood blue spaces and SRH among elderly individuals using data from a questionnaire survey conducted in Guangzhou, remote sensing images, street views, and environmental information in the context of a Chinese megacity. In addition, multilevel linear model and mediating effect model empirical analyses were performed. Results showed that first, the SRH of the elderly was associated with individual- and neighborhood-level factors. Second, the multilevel mediation model revealed that multiple biopsychosocial pathways existed between neighborhood blue spaces and the SRH of the elderly, specifically, the blue space characteristics related to the SRH of the elderly via the mediating effect of stress. Third, owing to demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status, the stratified analyses also indicated a strong association between neighborhood blue spaces and SRH outcomes in the older and low-income groups. The mediating effect of stress in the age and income groups was also observed, and the mediation pathways and group differences were confirmed in the context of Chinese cities. This research enriches the empirical literature on blue spaces and elderly health from a multidisciplinary perspective and suggests the need for “healthy neighborhood” and “health-aging” planning in Chinese settings.
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Sun, Yawen, Shaohua Tan, Qixiao He, and Jize Shen. "Influence Mechanisms of Community Sports Parks to Enhance Social Interaction: A Bayesian Belief Network Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031466.
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Urban green spaces provide multiple ecosystem services to improve human health and well-being. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are recognized as the most important services for urban residents through the key of social interaction. Researchers commonly acknowledge the function of community sports parks to enhance social interaction. Nevertheless, existing studies generally do not pay enough attention to the influence mechanisms of community sports parks and social interaction, especially the different types of spaces in community sports parks, which could be due to the complex feature of social interaction. This paper selects three community sports parks in Chongqing as the case study, uses BBN to identify the influence mechanisms of three common types of spaces (fitness equipment space, path space, and sports court space) in community sports parks and social interaction, aiming to explore how community sports parks enhance social interaction. The results indicated that sports court space such as basketball court and badminton court enhanced social interaction best; however, the spaces farther away from the park entrances were generally less effective in enhancing interaction. All these three types of sports spaces showed the influence mechanism of “Spatial Factors-Activity Type-Social Interaction”, while differences existed in the specific spatial influencing factors. The findings highlight that based on the BBN obtained in this study, the threshold range of spatial factors could be adjusted to enhance the effect of community sports parks on social interaction.
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Taylor, Betsy, and Herbert Reid. "Globalization, Democracy and the Aesthetic Ecology of Emergent Publics for a Sustainable World: Working from John Dewey." Asian Journal of Social Science 34, no. 1 (2006): 22–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853106776150135.
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AbstractThe global justice movement reveals a diverse array of emergent publics striving politically for a sustainable world. Working partly from John Dewey, we try to illuminate democratic grounds for knowledge and action in these endeavors. We begin by situating Dewey's ideas in the politics of American history, especially historian John Diggins' countervailing approach to issues of authority, knowledge and opinion. Diggins, against Robert Westbrook and others, contends that Dewey's philosophy of politics chased radical democratic illusions, whereas he might have learned from Charles S. Peirce to uphold the boundary between professional communities and other entities including democratic publics. Dewey saw no democratic alternative to harness the political energy of ordinary people. We argue that Dewey had come to understand that a corporate state system of political economy had come to engulf both the liberal democratic polity and the professions. Dewey's political challenge to the professions and his illumination of the aesthetic ecology of democratic publics prefigure a democratic republican alternative that opens up a new basis for participation in the global justice movement confronting, among other obstacles, a transnational corporate state based in the USA.A Marxist-progressivist notion of the ongoing socialization of markets by corporate capitalism too often reinforces an anti-Populist intellectual sensibility that is coupled with, whether wittingly or not, either a social-democratic elitism or a revolutionary vanguardism. Globalization struggles need, on the contrary, a pragmatic vision of democratic publics instituting a true diversity of policies assuring a world-in-common. The fight for public spaces in the treacherous politics of civil society and global consumerism is a struggle against subjectivization. The fact that corporate state elitism, in the U.S. context, feeds on a rightist version of nationalism does not mean we can junk the history of democratic struggle for a republican alternative to imperialism. By and large, neo-liberal policies "from above" have aggravated various types of inequality and the militaristic turn pursued by some elites compounds not only negative side effects but critical opportunities. Democratic action in and from the United States has to be clear about both place-based forms of life and expanding forms of solidarity in global struggles for democracy and the commons.Our reading of Dewey is strengthened by research that highlights his ecological ontology and its key role in his democratic theory. We argue that globalizing knowledge regimes and their products, such as deforestation, re-institute destructive dualisms that would be transformed by a Deweyan approach that energizes democratic forms of agency and policy. Dewey's essay on "Time and Individuality" is explicated to disclose the radical democratic implications of Deweyan science. We show further that this approach, as a field science and ecological stewardship, provides public alternatives to violence, whether primarily "social" or "environmental". A Deweyan logic of particularity casts in contrasting relief our historical epoch's dominant logic of fungibility, the fetishization of global economic space, and its looming costs. The reclamation and reconstruction of democratic publics are long overdue and requires new regimes of participatory and place-based knowledge opening on the global commons for sustainable life.
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Peng, You, Zhikai Peng, Tao Feng, Chixing Zhong, and Wei Wang. "Assessing Comfort in Urban Public Spaces: A Structural Equation Model Involving Environmental Attitude and Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031287.
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The research of comfort in urban public spaces has become increasingly important for improving environmental quality and encouraging people spend more time in outdoor activities. Among numerous approaches to understand comfort perception, the rational indices based on heat balance theory have prevailed to guide the research and practice in urban planning, design, and management. The limitations of a solely rational index-based approach reveal the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of comfort by considering a wider range of influential factors from both individual and environmental perspectives during the assessing process. This study conceptualizes individuals’ comfort in urban public spaces as a latent construct, which is measured by indicators regarding perceptions on multifarious meteorological variables. The conceptual framework has been introduced involving hypothetical relationships among individuals’ comfort, attitudes, and environmental perceptions in urban public spaces. A series of field work including microclimate measurements and questionnaire-based surveys were carried out in two public squares in Changsha, China. Based on the dataset derived from 372 questionnaires and related meteorological measurements, this paper examines the relationships between the physical microclimatic variables, individuals’ socio-demographical characteristics and environmental attitudes and perceptions, and outdoor comfort assessment. The estimation results of the structural equation model quantitatively verified the conceptual framework at large, as many hypothetical relationships are identified, which indicates the importance of individuals’ role and the psychological factors in modeling comfort perception. This approach improves the understanding of comfort assessment, contributes to improving the quality of urban environment and the practices of urban planning and management.
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Goblet, Margot, and Fabienne Glowacz. "Slut Shaming in Adolescence: A Violence against Girls and Its Impact on Their Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126657.
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Slut shaming is defined as the stigmatization of an individual based on his or her appearance, sexual availability, and actual or perceived sexual behavior. It can take place in physical or virtual spaces. The present study questions the impact of this form of sexism in virtual spaces on girls and interrogates the interaction between the values that girls integrate through their life experiences, especially in the family sphere, and slut shaming victimization. We conducted a paper-pencil questionnaire with 605 girls between the ages of 10 and 18 (average age: 15.18 years). Our data confirm the impact of slut shaming on the physical and psychological well-being of young girls as early as adolescence. Second, mediation analyses provide insights into the revictimization and Poly-victimization processes, from childhood adverse experiences to sexist victimization in virtual spaces and their combined impact on the physical and psychic health of girls. Finally, we address prevention strategies and the involvement of socializing institutions in the deconstruction of gender stereotypes.
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Rainford, Jon. "Stripping back the novelty: A critical reflection on the dual use of a comic-based approach to engage participants and publics." Methodological Innovations 14, no. 3 (September 2021): 205979912110606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20597991211060681.
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There has been increasing use of comic-based approaches within qualitative research as part of an increase in creative and visual methods more generally within social science research. However, whilst increasingly prevalent in dissemination, their use within data collection is less common. This paper examines the dual use of a comic-based approach embedded within a study that explored widening participation in higher education. Initially developed for the triangulation of emergent research findings with a wider group of participants, a comic panel was developed to be used as a focus of discussions within a workshop with 11 practitioners. This was then further developed for wider dissemination and to create a space for dialogue and to engage wider publics with the study’s recommendations. Both uses are critically examined, highlighting the affordances of comic-based approaches such as their capacity for supporting dissemination to a wider audience by distilling the findings and presenting them in an engaging way. Furthermore, it argues that the form can allow for creating points of ambiguity that create spaces for the audience to challenge and question taken for granted assumptions on a topic. The paper also sets out possible challenges such the need for specialist skills, the potential for oversimplification and misrepresentation of complex issues. This paper argues that with careful planning, comic-based approaches can add significant value and increase engagement with research. Finally, it offers suggestions for how this approach could be developed by future researchers.
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Dandolo, Lisa, Christina Hartig, Klaus Telkmann, Sophie Horstmann, Lars Schwettmann, Peter Selsam, Alexandra Schneider, and Gabriele Bolte. "Decision Tree Analyses to Explore the Relevance of Multiple Sex/Gender Dimensions for the Exposure to Green Spaces: Results from the KORA INGER Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 7476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127476.
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Recently, attention has been drawn to the need to integrate sex/gender more comprehensively into environmental health research. Considering theoretical approaches, we define sex/gender as a multidimensional concept based on intersectionality. However, operationalizing sex/gender through multiple covariates requires the usage of statistical methods that are suitable for handling such complex data. We therefore applied two different decision tree approaches: classification and regression trees (CART) and conditional inference trees (CIT). We explored the relevance of multiple sex/gender covariates for the exposure to green spaces, measured both subjectively and objectively. Data from 3742 participants from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study were analyzed within the INGER (Integrating gender into environmental health research) project. We observed that the participants’ financial situation and discrimination experience was relevant for their access to high quality public green spaces, while the urban/rural context was most relevant for the general greenness in the residential environment. None of the covariates operationalizing the individual sex/gender self-concept were relevant for differences in exposure to green spaces. Results were largely consistent for both CART and CIT. Most importantly we showed that decision tree analyses are useful for exploring the relevance of multiple sex/gender dimensions and their interactions for environmental exposures. Further investigations in larger urban areas with less access to public green spaces and with a study population more heterogeneous with respect to age and social disparities may add more information about the relevance of multiple sex/gender dimensions for the exposure to green spaces.
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Walsh, Lael E., Bethan R. Mead, Charlotte A. Hardman, Daniel Evans, Lingxuan Liu, Natalia Falagán, Sofia Kourmpetli, and Jess Davies. "Potential of urban green spaces for supporting horticultural production: a national scale analysis." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 014052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4730.
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Abstract As urban areas and land-use constraints grow, there is increasing interest in utilizing urban spaces for food production. Several studies have uncovered significant potential for urban growing to supplement production of fruit and vegetables, focusing on one or two cities as case studies, whilst others have assessed the global scale potential. Here, we provide a national-scale analysis of the horticultural production potential of urban green spaces, which is a relevant scale for agri-food and urban development policy making using Great Britain (GB) as a case study. Urban green spaces available for horticultural production across GB are identified and potential yields quantified based on three production options. The distribution of urban green spaces within 26 urban towns and cities across GB are then examined to understand the productive potential compared to their total extent and populations. Urban green spaces in GB, at their upper limit, have the capacity to support production that is 8× greater than current domestic production of fruit and vegetables. This amounts to 38% of current domestic production and imports combined, or >400% if exotic fruits and vegetables less suited to GB growing conditions are excluded. Most urban green spaces nationally are found to fall within a small number of categories, with private residential gardens and amenity spaces making up the majority of space. By examining towns and cities across GB in further detail, we find that the area of green space does not vary greatly between urban conurbations of different sizes, and all are found to have substantial potential to meet the dietary needs of the local urban population. This study highlights that national policies can be suitably developed to support urban agriculture and that making use of urban green spaces for food production could help to enhance the resilience of the national-scale food system to shocks in import pathways, or disruptions to domestic production and distribution.
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O'HANLON, ROSALIND. "In the Presence of Witnesses: Petitioning and judicial ‘publics’ in western India, circa 1600–1820." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 1 (January 2019): 52–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000968.
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AbstractBritish observers of the nineteenth-century panchayat were convinced that it represented a judicial forum of great antiquity, in which petitioners were able to gain local and direct access to justice. They contrasted the panchayat favourably with the delays and frustrations that beset the eighteenth-century East India Company's attempts to channel all petitions through its own courts. This article examines the history of the pre-colonial panchayat in western India and its early modern predecessors. During the early modern centuries, a diverse array of state-level and local corporate bodies made up the landscape for the submission of petitions and the hearing of suits. Although many suits were local in nature, the process of hearing and adjudication itself gave these judicial spaces a significant ‘public’ dimension, and their forms of argumentation frequently invoked general principles of justice and moral order. From the early eighteenth century, the new form of the panchayat came to supersede these older corporate bodies and to reshape the forms of public that gathered around them. The Maratha state, based in Pune, sought firmer control over revenue and justice. State officials promoted the panchayat as a new type of judicial arena, weakening the local corporate institutions and tying them more closely to the Pune court.
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Hans, Nils, and Heike Hanhörster. "Accessing Resources in Arrival Neighbourhoods: How Foci-Aided Encounters Offer Resources to Newcomers." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2977.
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<p>Numerous studies have stressed the importance of social networks for the transfer of resources. This article focuses on recently arrived immigrants with few locally embedded network contacts, analysing how they draw on arrival-specific resources in their daily routines. The qualitative research in an arrival neighbourhood in a German city illustrates that routinised and spontaneous foci-aided encounters in semi-public spaces play an important role for newcomers in providing access to arrival-specific knowledge. The article draws on the concept of ‘micro publics,’ highlighting different settings facilitating interactions and resource transfers. Based on our research we developed a classification of different types of encounter that enable resource transfer. The article specifically focuses on foci-aided encounters, as these appear to have a great impact on newcomers’ access to resources. Institutionalised to varying degrees, these settings, ranging from local mosques to football grounds, facilitate interaction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ immigrants. Interviews reveal forms of solidarity between immigrants and how arrival-specific information relevant to ‘navigating the system’ gets transferred. Interestingly, reciprocity plays a role in resource transfers also via routinised and spontaneous foci-aided encounters.</p>
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Makombe, Rodwell, Bright Sinyonce, Mpitseng Tladi, and Saneliso Thambo. "Affective economies of racism on social media." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 39, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v39i2.1521.
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New media technologies and social networks have not only opened up spaces for civic engagementand democratic participation, but have also offered alternative sites for the proliferation andcirculation of racist, homophobic and xenophobic sentiment. This article draws on Ahmed’s ideaof “affective economies” and Ekman’s (2019) notion of “affective publics” to investigate how whitesupremacist groups in South Africa have used social media to express racist views, attitudes andsentiments. The internet in general and social networks in particular are based on a libertarianlogic that emphasises freedom of speech at the expense of the rights of minorities whose viewsmay not meet the required algorithmic thresholds of specific social media sites. While governmentsaround the world have put in place laws to deal with overt racism and hate speech, online platformsremain new battlegrounds for the articulation of racist views and sentiments. The findings of thestudy show that white supremacist groups in South Africa use social media as a platform to recontextualiseand re-mediate topical issues in South African society and ramp up group solidarityby circulating racist views that undermine and de-legitimise the ruling party (the African NationalCongress) and its policies.
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Walker, Carl, Kepa Artaraz, Mary Darking, Ceri Davies, Stephanie Fleischer, Rebecca Graber, Shadreck Mwale, Ewen Speed, Jenny Terry, and Anna Zoli. "Building spaces for controversial public engagement – Exploring and challenging democratic deficits in NHS marketization." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 759–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v6i2.902.
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The Brighton Citizen's Health Services Survey (BCHSS) was developed to explore and potentially challenge how knowledge is used and by whom in the production of local health commissioning institutions and relations. Through the creation of an ‘animating set of questions’, it sought to open up spaces through which to make visible some of the ways of knowing and valuing the NHS and health services that had been minimised through the commensuration practices of post-2012 public engagement. In this way there was a clear agenda to facilitate a form of knowledge democratisation which opened up and validated different 'health publics’, in order to explore and broaden participative engagement opportunities. The paper provides an account of the project. It considers the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of this example of ‘evidence-based activism’, reflects on the impact of the project on local commissioning and considers the range of controversies that arose as a result of the work. It explores the way that research straddling the boundary between academic inquiry and political activism speaks to the many issues that are prevalent in the changing HE sector as well as NHS privatisation, health commissioning and public sector cuts.
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Furlan, Raffaello, Michael Grosvald, and Aamna Azad. "A social-ecological perspective for emerging cities: The case of Corniche promenade, “urban majlis” of Doha." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 6, no. 2 (September 21, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v6i2.1496.
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In the past decade, the capital city of Doha of the State of Qatar has experienced rapid urban expansion and other changes due to globalization, which has caused (i) the loss of a compact urban pattern, (ii) landscape fragmentation, and (iii) deficiency of green spaces. Therefore, as envisioned by Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV-2030), the State of Qatar plans to invest substantial funds into the urban regeneration of the built environment, along with the development of large areas of public parks as a means of promoting more sustainable urban development and enhancing city residents’ well-being. Accessibility contributes to the usability of public facilities on the part of the neighborhood community, thus enhancing city dwellers’ well-being. Nonetheless, the authors argue, the urban network along Doha’s Corniche promenade, the dominant open public space and the spine of the city, lacks connectivity at various scales of space. Therefore, this research study aimed to assess the existing conditions of Doha’s Corniche and recommend strategies for implementing its integration into the newly emerging city’s urban fabric. The findings, revealed through a network-analysis investigation based on graph theory, allowed us to generate a framework for shaping open public spaces, promoting higher living standards through a green network system planned at the city scale. The proposed framework addresses social-ecological challenges of distinctive open public spaces and helps define an approach for (i) tailoring the accessibility of open public spaces to their surroundings, and (ii) enhancing city dwellers’ well-being.
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Delazari, Luciene Stamato, Leonardo Ercolin Filho, and Ana Luiza Stamato Delazari Skroch. "UFPR CampusMap: a laboratory for a Smart City developments." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-57-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A Smart City is based on intelligent exchanges of information that flow between its many different subsystems. This flow of information is analyzed and translated into citizen and commercial services. The city will act on this information flow to make its wider ecosystem more resource-efficient and sustainable. The information exchange is based on a smart governance operating framework designed to make cities sustainable.</p><p>The public administration needs updated and reliable geospatial data which depicts the urban environment. These data can be obtained through smart devices (smartphones, e.g.), human agents (collaborative mapping) and remote sensing technologies, such as UAV (Unnamed Aerial Vehicles). According to some authors, there are four dimensions in a Smart City. The first dimension concerns the application of a wide range of electronic and digital technologies to create a cyber, digital, wired, informational or knowledge-based city; the second is the use of information technology to transform life and work; the third is to embed ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in the city infrastructure; the fourth is to bring ICT and people together to enhance innovation, learning, and knowledge. Analyzing these dimensions, it is possible to say that in all of them the geospatial information is crucial, otherwise, none of them are possible. Considering these aspects, this research intends to use the Smart City concept as a methodological approach using the UFPR (Federal University of Parana) as a target to develop a case study.</p><p>The UFPR has 26 campus in different cities of the Paraná State, south of Brazil. Its structure has 14 institutes. It comprises 11 million square meters of area, 500,000 square meters of constructed area and 316 buildings. There are more than 6,300 employees (staff and administration), 50,000 undergraduate students and 10,000 graduate students. Besides these figures, there are external people who need access to the UFPR facilities, such as deliveries, service providers and the community in general.</p><p>The lack of knowledge about the space and its characteristics has a direct impact on issues such as resources management (human and material), campi infrastructure (outside and inside of the buildings), security and other activities which can be supported using an updated geospatial database. In 2014, the UFPR CampusMap project was started with the indoor mapping as the main goal. However, the base map of the campus was needed in order to support the indoor mapping, the available one was produced in 2000. Thereafter, the campus Centro Politécnico (located in the city of Curitiba) is being used as a case study to develop methodologies to create a geospatial database which will allows to different users the knowledge and management of the space.</p><p>According to Gruen (2013), a Smart City must have spatial intelligence. Moreover, it is necessary the establishment of a database, in particular, a geospatial database. The knowledge of the space where the events happen is a key element in this context. This author also states that to achieve this objective are necessary the following items:</p> <ul><li>Automatic or semi-automated Digital Surface Models (DSM) generation from satellite, aerial and terrestrialimages and/or LiDAR data;</li><li>Further development of the semi-automated techniques onto a higher level of automation; </li><li>Integrated automated and semi-automated processing of LiDAR point clouds and images, both from aerial andterrestrial platforms; </li><li>Streamlining the processing pipeline for UAV image data projects; </li><li>Set-up of GIS with 3D/4D capabilities; </li><li>Change detection and databases updating; </li><li>Handling of dynamic and semantic aspects of city modeling and simulation. This leads to 4D city models; </li><li>LBS (Location Based Services) system investigations (PDAs, mobiles); and </li><li>Establishment of a powerful visualization and interaction platform.</li></ul><p>Some of these aspects are being addressed in this research. The first one is the integration of indoor/outdoor data to helps the space management and provides a tool for navigation between the spaces. The base map was updated through a stereo mapping compilation from images collected using a UAV Phantom 4 from DJI (https://www.dji.com/phantom-4). The use of this technology for data acquisition is not only faster but also cheaper compared to the traditional photogrammetric method. Besides the quality of the images (in this case a GSD – Ground Sample Distance – of 2,5 cm), it can be use in urban areas as a rapid response in emergency situations.</p><p> To georreferencing the image block, it was used 50 control points collected by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and the software Agisoft Photoscan (http://www.agisoft.com/) to perform the bundle block adjustment with self-calibration. After the processing, the exterior orientation parameters of image block and the tridimensional coordinates of each tie point were calculated simultaneously with the determination of the interior orientation parameters: focal length (f), principal point coordinates (x0, y0), radial symmetric (k1, k2, k3) and decentering distortion coefficients (p1, p2).</p><p> In the mapping production step, the features were extracted through stereo mapping compilation accordingly the standards defined by the Brazilian Mapping Agency. The several layers were edited in GIS software (QGIS) and then the topology was built. Afterward, it was created a spatial database using Postgre/PostGIS. Also, the dense point cloud was generated using SfM (Structure from Motion) algorithms to allow to generate the digital surface model and orthomosaics.</p><p> Meanwhile, a website using HTML5+CSS3&reg; and JavaScript&reg; technologies was developed to publish the results and the first applications. (www.campusmap.ufpr.br). The architecture of this application uses JavaScript&reg;, LeafLet, PgRouting library (to calculate the routes between interest points), files in GeoJson format and custom applications. The indoor database comprises the data about the interior of the buildings and provides to the user some functionalities such as: search for rooms, laboratories, and buildings; routes between points (inside and outside the buildings), floor change. Also, some web applications were developed in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the use of geospatial information in an environment very similar to a city and its problems, e.g. parking management, security, logistics, resources inventory, among others. It was developed a mobile application to provide the indoor user positioning through Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) networks. This, combined with the indoor mapping, will allow the users to navigate in real time inside the buildings. Using the data from the point cloud and the CityGML standard it was developed a 3D model of some buildings. An application to inform crime occurrences (such as robbery, assaults) was also developed so these occurrences can be mapped, and the administration can increase the security of the campus.</p><ol type="a"> <li>Design an interface with functionalities to integrate all applications which are being presented in individual Webpages;</li><li>Develop a visualization tool for 3D models using CityGML;</li><li>Evaluate the potential of UAV images for different applications in urban scenarios;</li><li>Develop an interface for collaborative database update.</li><li>Expand the database to other campus of UFPR and develop new functionalities to different users;</li></ol><p> The “smart city” concept allows to develop an optimized system that use geospatial data to understand the complexity of the urban environments. The use of the geospatial data can improve efficiency and security to manage urban aspects like infrastructure, building and public spaces, natural environment, urban services, health and education. Also, this concept can give a support to the city management agents during the design, realization and evaluation of the urban projects.</p><p>In the present project, we believe these are the first steps to build a connected environment and apply the “smart city” concept into the university administration to make the sustainable use of resources and could suit as an example to some existing problems in public administrations.</p>
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Turunen, Anu W., Jaana Halonen, Kalevi Korpela, Ann Ojala, Tytti Pasanen, Taina Siponen, Pekka Tiittanen, Liisa Tyrväinen, Tarja Yli-Tuomi, and Timo Lanki. "Cross-sectional associations of different types of nature exposure with psychotropic, antihypertensive and asthma medication." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 80, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2022-108491.
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BackgroundExposure to natural environments is thought to be beneficial for human health, but the evidence is inconsistent.ObjectiveTo examine whether exposure to green and blue spaces in urban environments is associated with mental and physical health in Finland.MethodsThe Helsinki Capital Region Environmental Health Survey was conducted in 2015−2016 in Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa in Finland (n=7321). Cross-sectional associations of the amounts of residential green and blue spaces within 1 km radius around the respondent’s home (based on the Urban Atlas 2012), green and blue views from home and green space visits with self-reported use of psychotropic (anxiolytics, hypnotics and antidepressants), antihypertensive and asthma medication were examined using logistic regression models. Indicators of health behaviour, traffic-related outdoor air pollution and noise and socioeconomic status (SES) were used as covariates, the last of these also as a potential effect modifier.ResultsAmounts of residential green and blue spaces or green and blue views from home were not associated with medications. However, the frequency of green space visits was associated with lower odds of using psychotropic medication (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.82 for 3–4 times/week; 0.78, 0.63 to 0.96 for ≥5 times/week) and antihypertensive (0.64, 0.52 to 0.78; 0.59, 0.48 to 0.74, respectively) and asthma (0.74, 0.58 to 0.94; 0.76, 0.59 to 0.99, respectively) medication use. The observed associations were attenuated by body mass index, but no consistent interactions with SES indicators were observed.ConclusionsFrequent green space visits, but not the amounts of residential green or blue spaces, or green and blue views from home, were associated with less frequent use of psychotropic, antihypertensive and asthma medication in urban environments.
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Teixeira, Maria da Glória, Maurício L. Barreto, Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa, Agostino Strina, David Martins Jr., and Matildes Prado. "Sentinel areas: a monitoring strategy in public health." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 18, no. 5 (October 2002): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2002000500011.
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Available techniques for monitoring the health situation have proven insufficient, thus leading to a discussion of the need for their improvement based on new data collection strategies allowing for data use by local health systems. This article presents the methodological basis for a strategy to monitor health problems utilizing demarcated intra-urban spaces called "sentinel areas" to collect fundamental social, economic, behavioral, and biological data for public health that allow for a closer approach to the reality of complex social spaces. The authors present an experience that is being developed in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, to evaluate the epidemiological impact of an environmental sanitation program. They discuss selection criteria for the areas and the potential uses of this strategy allowing for the rapid utilization of epidemiological resources by health services and the timely application of the results to reorient and enhance health intervention practices.
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Matijosaitiene, Irina. "Combination of CPTED and space syntax for the analysis of crime." Safer Communities 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-05-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to combine both Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and space syntax for the more detailed and overall analysis of built environment in terms of crime. The author is aiming to verify the designed research methodology by its application in cities that are similar in terms of size and population, and are very different in culture and location: New Haven (USA) and Kaunas (Lithuania). Design/methodology/approach – Based on CPTED strategies the factors of urban environment are analyzed, such as topological depth from private space to a public space, density of entrances and windows, street’s constitutedness, inter-visibility, land use, blind walls, segment’s accessibility, greenery, lighting, objects of small architecture, graffiti. Space syntax method is applied for the analysis of the following topological properties of urban spaces: integration, choice, depth, connectivity. Findings – The combination of both methods revels that choice and depth of urban spaces are related to robberies, and connectivity and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in New Haven. Integration and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in Kaunas. According to the correlation analysis results, in Kaunas more robberies happen in common use areas, and more thefts from cars happen in the spaces with blind walls and dense abandoned greenery. In New Haven more thefts from motor vehicles happen in spaces with blind walls. In both cities with the increase of the topological depth the thefts from motor vehicles increase too. Originality/value – Based on the research results recommendations on urban planning and design are developed. The implementation of the recommendations might make New Haven and Kaunas safer.
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Liu, Jiayi, Zhikai Peng, Xiaoxi Cai, You Peng, Jiang Li, and Tao Feng. "Students’ Intention of Visiting Urban Green Spaces after the COVID-19 Lockdown in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 8601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168601.
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This study addresses students’ perceptions of using urban green spaces (UGSs) after the easing of COVID-19 lockdown in China. We questioned whether they are still mindful of the risks from the outdoor gathering, or conversely, starting to learn the restoration benefits from the green spaces. Online self-reported surveys were distributed to the Chinese students aging from 14 to 30 who study in Hunan and Jiangsu Provinces, China. We finally obtained 608 complete and valid questionnaire forms from all participants. Their intentions of visiting UGSs were investigated based on the extended theory of planned behavior model. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized psychological model. The results have shown good estimation performance on risk perception and perceived knowledge to explain the variances in their attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavior control. Among these three endogenous variables, the perceived behavior control owns the greatest and positive influence on the behavioral intention, inferring that controllability is crucial for students to make decisions of visiting green spaces in a post-pandemic context.