Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spaceborne radars

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Spaceborne radars'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

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Protat, Alain, Valentin Louf, Joshua Soderholm, Jordan Brook, and William Ponsonby. "Three-way calibration checks using ground-based, ship-based, and spaceborne radars." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-915-2022.

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Abstract. This study uses ship-based weather radar observations collected from research vessel Investigator to evaluate the Australian weather radar network calibration monitoring technique that uses spaceborne radar observations from the NASA Global Precipitation Mission (GPM). Quantitative operational applications such as rainfall and hail nowcasting require a calibration accuracy of ±1 dB for radars of the Australian network covering capital cities. Seven ground-based radars along the western coast of Australia and the ship-based OceanPOL radar are first calibrated independently using GPM radar overpasses over a 3-month period. The calibration difference between the OceanPOL radar (used as a moving reference for the second step of the study) and each of the seven operational radars is then estimated using collocated, gridded, radar observations to quantify the accuracy of the GPM technique. For all seven radars the calibration difference with the ship radar lies within ±0.5 dB, therefore fulfilling the 1 dB requirement. This result validates the concept of using the GPM spaceborne radar observations to calibrate national weather radar networks (provided that the spaceborne radar maintains a high calibration accuracy). The analysis of the day-to-day and hourly variability of calibration differences between the OceanPOL and Darwin (Berrimah) radars also demonstrates that quantitative comparisons of gridded radar observations can accurately track daily and hourly calibration differences between pairs of operational radars with overlapping coverage (daily and hourly standard deviations of ∼ 0.3 and ∼ 1 dB, respectively).
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Elachi, Charles. "Spaceborne imaging radars." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 3, no. 2 (1991): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850030212.

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Fall, Veronica M., Qing Cao, and Yang Hong. "Intercomparison of Vertical Structure of Storms Revealed by Ground-Based (NMQ) and Spaceborne Radars (CloudSat-CPR and TRMM-PR)." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/270726.

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Spaceborne radars provide great opportunities to investigate the vertical structure of clouds and precipitation. Two typical spaceborne radars for such a study are the W-band Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Ku-band Precipitation Radar (PR), which are onboard NASA’s CloudSat and TRMM satellites, respectively. Compared to S-band ground-based radars, they have distinct scattering characteristics for different hydrometeors in clouds and precipitation. The combination of spaceborne and ground-based radar observations can help in the identification of hydrometeors and improve the radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). This study analyzes the vertical structure of the 18 January, 2009 storm using data from the CloudSat CPR, TRMM PR, and a NEXRAD-based National Mosaic and Multisensor QPE (NMQ) system. Microphysics above, within, and below the melting layer are studied through an intercomparison of multifrequency measurements. Hydrometeors’ type and their radar scattering characteristics are analyzed. Additionally, the study of the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) reveals the brightband properties in the cold-season precipitation and its effect on the radar-based QPE. In all, the joint analysis of spaceborne and ground-based radar data increases the understanding of the vertical structure of storm systems and provides a good insight into the microphysical modeling for weather forecasts.
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Pfitzenmaier, Lukas, Alessandro Battaglia, and Pavlos Kollias. "The Impact of the Radar-Sampling Volume on Multiwavelength Spaceborne Radar Measurements Using Airborne Radar Observations." Remote Sensing 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192263.

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Multiwavelength radar observations have demonstrated great potential in improving microphysical retrievals of cloud properties especially in ice and snow precipitation systems. Advancements in spaceborne radar technology have already fostered the launch in 2014 of the first multiwavelength radar system in space, while several future spaceborne multiwavelength radar concepts are under consideration. However, due to antenna size limitations, the sampling volume of spaceborne radars is considerably larger than those achieved by surface- and airborne-based radars. Here, the impact of these large sampling volumes in the information content of the Dual-Wavelength Ratio estimates at Ka-W, Ku-Ka is investigated. High-resolution airborne multiwavelength radar observations during the Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEx) are used to perform retrievals of ice/snow characteristic particle size, such as mass-weighted particle diameter. To mimic the different satellite sampling volumes, a moving average is applied to the airborne measurements. The radar-observed variables (reflectivity and dual-wavelength ratios) and retrieved microphysical properties at the coarser resolution are compared against those at the original resolution. Our analysis indicates that future Ka-W spaceborne radar missions should take into account the impact of the radar resolution volume on the retrieval of microphysical properties and avoid footprints larger than 2–3 km.
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Battaglia, Alessandro, Filippo Emilio Scarsi, Kamil Mroz, and Anthony Illingworth. "In-orbit cross-calibration of millimeter conically scanning spaceborne radars." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 12 (June 29, 2023): 3283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3283-2023.

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Abstract. The planned and potential introduction in global satellite observing systems of conically scanning Ka- and W-band atmospheric radars (e.g., the radars in the Tomorrow.IO constellation, https://www.tomorrow.io/space/, last access: 1 June 2022, and the Wivern (WInd VElocity Radar Nephoscope) radar, https://www.wivern.polito.it, last access: 1 July 2022) calls for the development of methodologies for calibrating and cross-calibrating these systems. Traditional calibration techniques pointing at the sea surface at about 11∘ incidence angle are in fact unfeasible for such fast rotating systems. This study proposes a cross-calibration method for conically scanning spaceborne radars based on ice cloud reflectivity probability distribution functions (PDFs) provided by reference radars like the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ka-band radar or the W-band radars planned for the ESA-JAXA EarthCARE or for the NASA Atmosphere Observing System missions. In order to establish the accuracy of the methodology, radar antenna boresight positions are propagated based on four configurations of expected satellite orbits so that the ground-track intersections can be calculated for different intersection criteria, defined by cross-over instrument footprints within a certain time and a given distance. The climatology of the calibrating clouds, derived from the W-band CloudSat and Ka-band GPM reflectivity records, can be used to compute the number and the spatial distribution of calibration points. Finally, the mean number of days required to achieve a given calibration accuracy is computed based on the number of calibration points needed to distinguish a biased reflectivity PDF from the sampling-induced noisiness of the reflectivity PDF itself. Findings demonstrate that it will be possible to cross-calibrate, within 1 dB, a Ka-band (W-band) conically scanning radar like that envisaged for the Tomorrow.io constellation (Wivern mission) every few days (a week). Such uncertainties are generally meeting the mission requirements and the standards currently achieved with absolute calibration accuracies.
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Friedt, Jean-Michel, Éric Bernard, and Madeleine Griselin. "Ground-Based Oblique-View Photogrammetry and Sentinel-1 Spaceborne RADAR Reflectivity Snow Melt Processes Assessment on an Arctic Glacier." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071858.

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The snowpack evolution during the melt season on an Arctic glacier is assessed using ground-based oblique-view cameras, spaceborne imaging and spaceborne RADAR. The repeated and systematic Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) imaging by the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 spaceborne RADARs allows for all-weather, all-illumination condition monitoring of the snow-covered fraction of the glacier and hence assessing its water production potential. A comparison of the RADAR reflectivity with optical and multispectral imaging highlights the difference between the observed quantities—water content in the former, albedo in the latter—and the complementarity for understanding the snow melt processes. This work highlights the temporal inertia between the visible spring melting of the snowpack and the snow metamorphism. It was found that the snowpack exhibits that approximately 30 days before it starts to fade.
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Kulie, Mark S., and Ralf Bennartz. "Utilizing Spaceborne Radars to Retrieve Dry Snowfall." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 2564–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jamc2193.1.

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Abstract A dataset consisting of one year of CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) near-surface radar reflectivity Z associated with dry snowfall is examined in this study. The CPR observations are converted to snowfall rates S using derived Ze–S relationships, which were created from backscatter cross sections of various nonspherical and spherical ice particle models. The CPR reflectivity histograms show that the dominant mode of global near-surface dry snowfall has extremely light reflectivity values (∼3–4 dBZe), and an estimated 94% of all CPR dry snowfall observations are less than 10 dBZe. The average conditional global snowfall rate is calculated to be about 0.28 mm h−1, but is regionally highly variable as well as strongly sensitive to the ice particle model chosen. Further, ground clutter contamination is found in regions of complex terrain even when a vertical reflectivity continuity threshold is utilized. The potential of future multifrequency spaceborne radars is evaluated using proxy 35–13.6-GHz reflectivities and sensor specifications of the proposed Global Precipitation Measurement dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR). It is estimated that because of its higher detectability threshold, only about 7%–1% of the near-surface radar reflectivity values and about 17%–4% of the total accumulation associated with global dry snowfall would be detected by a DPR-like instrument, but these results are very sensitive to the chosen ice particle model. These potential detection shortcomings can be partially mitigated by using snowfall-rate distributions derived by the CPR or other similar high-frequency active sensors.
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Meneghini, Robert, and Liang Liao. "On the Equivalence of Dual-Wavelength and Dual-Polarization Equations for Estimation of the Raindrop Size Distribution." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 806–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2005.1.

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Abstract For air- and spaceborne weather radars, which typically operate at frequencies of 10 GHz and above, attenuation correction is usually an essential part of any rain estimation procedure. For ground-based radars, where the maximum range within the precipitation is usually much greater than that from air- or spaceborne radars, attenuation correction becomes increasingly important at frequencies above about 5 GHz. Although dual-polarization radar algorithms rely on the correlation between raindrop shape and size, while dual-wavelength weather radar algorithms rely primarily on non-Rayleigh scattering at the shorter wavelength, the equations for estimating parameters of the drop size distribution (DSD) are nearly identical in the presence of attenuation. Many of the attenuation correction methods that have been proposed can be classified as one of two types: those that employ a kZ (specific attenuation–radar reflectivity factor) relation, and those that use an integral equation formalism where the attenuation is obtained from the DSD parameters at prior gates, either stepping outward from the radar or inward toward the radar from some final range gate. The similarity is shown between the dual-polarization and dual-wavelength equations when either the kZ or the integral equation formulation is used. Differences between the two attenuation correction procedures are illustrated for simulated measurements from an X-band dual-polarization radar.
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Durden, S. L., M. A. Fischman, R. A. Johnson, A. J. Chu, M. N. Jourdan, and S. Tanelli. "An FPGA-Based Doppler Processor for a Spaceborne Precipitation Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2086.1.

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Abstract Measurement of precipitation Doppler velocity by spaceborne radar is complicated by the large velocity of the satellite platform. Even if successive pulses are well correlated, the velocity measurement may be biased if the precipitation target does not uniformly fill the radar footprint. It has been previously shown that the bias in such situations can be reduced if full spectral processing is used. The authors present a processor based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology that can be used for spectral processing of data acquired by future spaceborne precipitation radars. The requirements for and design of the Doppler processor are addressed. Simulation and laboratory test results show that the processor can meet real-time constraints while easily fitting in a single FPGA.
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Leinonen, Jussi, Dmitri Moisseev, Matti Leskinen, and Walter A. Petersen. "A Climatology of Disdrometer Measurements of Rainfall in Finland over Five Years with Implications for Global Radar Observations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 2 (February 2012): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-056.1.

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AbstractTo improve the understanding of high-latitude rain microphysics and its implications for the remote sensing of rainfall by ground-based and spaceborne radars, raindrop size measurements have been analyzed that were collected over five years with a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer located in Järvenpää, Finland. The analysis shows that the regional climate is characterized by light rain and small drop size with narrow size distributions and that the mutual relations of drop size distribution parameters differ from those reported at lower latitudes. Radar parameters computed from the distributions demonstrate that the high latitudes are a challenging target for weather radar observations, particularly those employing polarimetric and dual-frequency techniques. Nevertheless, the findings imply that polarimetric ground radars can produce reliable “ground truth” estimates for space observations and identify dual-frequency radars utilizing a W-band channel as promising tools for observing rainfall in the high-latitude climate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

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Augustynek, Tomasz Michal. "Spaceborne Doppler radars in convection : performance of EarthCARE and beyond." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32436.

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The thesis concerns the assessment of the performance of the upcoming Earth Cloud Aerosols Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) Doppler cloud profiling radar in convection. Spaceborne Doppler radar data are simulated starting from high-resolution CRM model data, through forward Monte Carlo simulation from which the voltage signals as sampled by specific radar configuration are generated. Until the launch of Earth- CARE in 2016, simulations are the only means of assessing the impact of EarthCAREs configuration on the accuracy of the Doppler products (reflectivity and mean Doppler velocity). Two of the main contributors to EC-CPR total error budget are the multiple scattering and non-uniform beam filling effect errors, which can be mitigated using methods described in the thesis. However, for Earth- CARE radar using the conventional pulse pair technique, the scientific requirement for accuracy of 1 m/s at 1 km integration of Doppler velocity cannot be met for deep convective systems, even if the correction methods are applied. The thesis then focuses on six polarization diversity radar systems, three for W-band (94 GHz) and three for Ka-band (35 GHz). After the correction methods are applied for MS and NUBF effects, the accuracy of 1 m/s for 500 m integration is possible for all W-band configurations assessed. This includes relatively small antennas of 2.5 m currently being implemented in space. Consequently, two key results for measurements in deep convection can be drawn for future radar concept design. Firstly, the large antenna will help to minimize the effects of non-uniform beam filling and multiple scattering. Secondly, the polarization diversity can solve the problem of aliasing of velocities.
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Simões, Marcus Vinicius da Silva. "Ship detection performance predictions for next generation spaceborne synthetic aperture radars./." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401677.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 2001.
"December 2001". Thesis advisor(s): Durkee, Philip A . ; Paduan, Jeffrey D. Includes bibliographical references (p.53-54). Also available online.
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SimoÌ, es Marcus Vinicius da Silva. "Ship detection performance predictions for next generation spaceborne synthetic aperture radars." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4933.

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Following success in other areas as a remote sensor, the spaceborne microwave image radars are assuming a notable position in the problem of ship detection for civilian and military purposes. This work will discuss the strong and weak points of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) when used for ship detection. First, the thesis gives a brief description of SAR fundamentals, image processing and the parameters for ship detection. Second, the actual techniques, limitations, errors and some models used for ship detection are described. Finally, using a well-known and reliable ship detection model (Vachon et al. 1997), tested in the Canadian Ocean Monitoring Workstation and in some validation field programs, the new generation of spaceborne SARs, mainly RADARSAT 2, are analyzed for ship detection capabilities. During the analysis parameters like wind velocity, wind direction related to the antenna, satellite incident angle and Number of Looks are changed to study their influence on ship detection.
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Vinagre, i. Solans Lluis. "Ultra low range sidelobe level pulse compression waveform design for spaceborne meteorological radars." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265985.

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Li, Huimin. "Global observations of ocean surface winds and waves using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar measurements." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0138/document.

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Les radars à synthèse d'ouverture (SAR) spatioportés ont fait la preuve de leur valeur inestimable dans l'observation des vents et des vagues océaniques mondiaux. Les images SAR acquises par plusieurs capteurs sont utilisées, notamment Sentinel-1 (S-1), Envisat/ASAR, Gaofen-3 et Radarsat-2. Cette thèse passe en revue les paramètres SAR couramment utilisés dans la première partie. Une série d'étapes d'étalonnage sont nécessaires pour obtenir un NRCS approprié et une évaluation du NRCS est effectuée pour le mode d'onde S-1 (WV). Il s'avère que WV est mal calibré et est donc recalibré pour obtenir un NRCS précis. Il a été démontré que la coupure de l'azimut est complémentaire du NRCS et peut expliquer l'impact de l'état de la mer sur l'extraction du vent. D'après les produits SAR entièrement polarimétriques disponibles, la coupure de l'azimut varie considérablement en fonction des polarisations. La transformation actuelle de la cartographie SAR est suffisante pour interpréter la coupure azimutale copolarisée, mais pas pour la polarisation croisée. Compte tenu des limites de l'imagerie SAR, un nouveau paramètre est proposé et défini en fonction du spectre croisé de l'image SAR, appelé MACS. La partie imaginaire de MACS est une quantité signée par rapport à la direction du vent. Compte tenu de cette dépendance, on s'attend à ce qu'un algorithme indépendant de récupération du vent en bénéficie. L'ampleur du MACS peut aider à estimer la fonction de modulation de la cartographie SAR. De plus, la MACS donne également des résultats prometteurs en ce qui concerne les études globales sur les vagues. Les signatures globales du MACS à différentes longueurs d'onde sont bien représentatives de la distribution spatiale et saisonnière des vents. Les MACS des vagues longues montrent des valeurs plus élevées sur les trajectoires des tempêtes alors que les vagues plus courtes sont principalement dans les vents des trader. Ces résultats devraient aider à évaluer les résultats du modèle et compléter les études ultérieures sur le climat spectral global des vagues
Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been demonstrated invaluable in observing the global ocean winds and waves. SAR images acquired by multiple sensors are employed, including Sentinel-1(S-1), Envisat/ASAR, Gaofen-3 and Radarsat-2. This thesis reviews the commonly used SAR parameters (NRCS and azimuth cutoff) in the first part. A series of calibration steps are required to obtain a proper NRCS and assessment of NRCS is carried out for S-1wave mode (WV). It turns out that WV is poorly calibrated and is thus re-calibrated to obtain accurate NRCS. Azimuth cut off is demonstrated to be complementary to NRCS and can account for the sea state impact on the wind retrieval. Based on the available fully polarimetric SAR products, azimuth cut off is found to vary greatly with polarizations. The present SAR mapping transformation is sufficient to interpret the co-polarized azimuth cut off, while not for the cross-polarization. With the limitations of SAR imaging in mind, a new parameter is proposed and defined based on the SAR image cross-spectra, termed as MACS. The imaginary part of MACS is found to be a signed quantity relative to the wind direction. Given this dependence, an independent wind retrieval algorithm is expected to benefit. The magnitude of MACS is able to aid for estimate of modulation function of SAR mapping. In addition, MACS also gives promising results regarding the global wave studies. The global signatures of MACS at various wave lengths are well representative of the winds distributions, spatially and seasonally. MACS of long waves shows greater values over the storm tracks while the shorter waves are mostly within the trader winds. These results are expected to help evaluate the model outputs and complement further studies of the global wave spectral climate. Data continuity in the coming 10 years shall extend the study towards longer duration
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Domps, Baptiste. "Identification et détection de phénomènes transitoires contenus dans des mesures radar à faible rapport signal à bruit : Applications conjointes aux problématiques océanographique et atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0001.

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L'observation de la dynamique de l'atmosphère et de la surface de l'océan peut être réalisée par télédétection radar. L'approche habituelle consiste, dans les deux cas, à calculer numériquement le spectre Doppler des échos temporels reçus à l'aide d'une transformée de Fourier discrète. Bien que satisfaisante pour la plupart des applications, cette méthode ne convient pas pour l'observation de phénomènes transitoires, plus courts que le temps d'intégration nécessaire à l'observation radar. Nous utilisons une technique alternative, basée sur une représentation autorégressive des séries temporelles radar et associée à la méthode dite à entropie maximale. Cette approche est appliquée à la mesure de courants de surface par radar côtier dans la bande des hautes fréquences, puis à celle de vent dans la basse atmosphère par radar en bande L. Dans les deux situations, nous montrons à l'aide de simulations numériques, de comparaisons avec d'autres instruments et d'études de cas que l'approche proposée conduit à des estimations fiables des grandeurs géophysiques (courants marins et vitesses de vent) pour des temps d'intégration brefs, là où la méthode conventionnelle échoue
Observations of atmospheric and ocean surface dynamics can be performed via radar remote sensing. The usual approach consists, in both cases, in numerically calculating the Doppler spectrum of the received temporal echoes using a discrete Fourier transform. Although satisfactory for most applications, this method is not suitable for observations of transient phenomena due to being shorter than the integration time required for radar observations. We use an alternative technique based on an autoregressive representation of the radar time series combined with the maximum entropy method. This approach is applied to coastal radar measurements of surface currents in the high frequency band as well as to L-band radar measurements of wind in the lower atmosphere. For both cases, through numerical simulations and case studies, we compare our approach with others that use different instruments. We show that for short integration times, where conventional methods fail, our proposed approach leads to reliable estimates of geophysical quantities (ocean currents and wind speeds)
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Whitewood, Aric Pierre. "Bistatic radar using a spaceborne illuminator." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446469/.

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A bistatic radar has a physically separated transmitter and receiver. This research pro gramme investigates a bistatic radar system which uses a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar transmitter on board the European Space Agency's Envisat satellite and a station ary, ground based receiver. The advantages of this variant of the bistatic configuration includes the passive and therefore covert nature of the receiver, its relatively low cost, in addition to the possibility of using a non-cooperative transmitter. The theory behind bistatic SAR systems is covered, including the specific case investi gated. The design, construction and testing of the bistatic receiver, which uses two separate channels, for the direct signal from the satellite (for synchronisation purposes) and the re flected signals from the imaged scene is also described. A SAR processing scheme using an adapted chirp scaling algorithm is presented and demonstrated through simulations to produce focused images for the scenario. The results of several bistatic imaging experiments are analysed through comparisons with theoretical impulse responses, and comparisons with satellite photographs, the corresponding monostatic image produced by Envisat, and the bistatic ambiguity function. It is demonstrated that focused images may be produced with such a system, although the performance achievable is dependent upon the imaging geometry. Different look direc tions of the receiver produce widely differing resolution values. The optimum choice of look direction must be weighed against possible direct signal interference in the reflected signal channel. Other effects, such as azimuth ambiguities caused by the sampling of the mov ing transmitter beam by the pulse repetition frequency may also have an effect, depending upon the combined transmit/receive beam pattern. Aspects of the system that could be investigated in the future are identified, for example the addition of an extra channel to the receiver in order to perform bistatic displaced phase centre antenna or interferometry experiments.
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Long, David G. "An Enhanced Resolution Spaceborne Scatterometer." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611863.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Spaceborne wind scatterometers are designed principally to measure radar backscatter from the ocean's surface for the determination of the near-surface wind direction and speed. Although measurements of the radar backscatter are made over land, application of these measurements has been limited primarily to the calibration of the instrument due to their low resolution (typically 50 km). However, a recently developed resolution enhancement technique can be applied to the measurements to produced medium-scale radar backscatter images of the earth's surface. Such images have proven useful in the study of tropical vegetation3 as well as glacial5 and sea6 ice. The technique has been successfully applied2 to Seasat scatterometer (SASS) data to achieve image resolution as fine as 3-4 km. The method can also be applied to ERS-l scatterometer data. Unfortunately, the instrument processing method employed by SASS limits the ultimate resolution which can be obtained with the method. To achieve the desired measurement overlap, multiple satellite passes are required. However, with minor modifications to future Doppler scatterometer systems (such as the NASA scatterometer [NSCAT] and its follow-on EoS-era scatterometer NEXSCAT) imaging resolutions down to 1-2 km for land/ice and 5-10 km for wind measurement may be achieved on a single pass with a moderate increase in downlink bandwidth (from 3.1 kbps to 750 kbps). This paper describes these modifications and briefly describes some of the applications of this medium-scale Ku-band imagery for vegetation studies, hydrology, sea ice mapping, and the study of mesoscale winds.
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9

Kritzinger, Paul Johan. "A spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) processor design." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23274.

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Hogan, Robin James. "Dual-wavelength radar studies of clouds." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298412.

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Books on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

1

Meneghini, Robert. Spaceborne weather radar. Boston: Artech, 1990.

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Meneghini, R. Spaceborne weather radar. Boston: Artech House, 1990.

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Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and. High resolution air- and spaceborne radar. Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1989.

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Kumar, Shashi, Paul Siqueira, Himanshu Govil, and Shefali Agrawal. Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466.

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Philippe, Lacomme, ed. Air and spaceborne radar systems: An introduction. Norwich, N.Y: William Andrew Publishing, 2001.

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Li, Xiaofeng, ed. Hurricane Monitoring With Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2893-9.

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Elachi, Charles. Spaceborne radar remote sensing: Applications and techniques. New York: IEEE Press, 1987.

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P, Ford J., and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Spaceborne radar observations: A guide for Magellan radar-image analysis. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1989.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., ed. RAWS, the spaceborne radar wind sounder: Annual progress report, 1991. Lawrence, Kan: Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Limitation on the use of a spaceborne SAR for rain measurements. Lawrence, Kan: Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

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Hamada, Atsushi, Toshio Iguchi, and Yukari N. Takayabu. "Snowfall Detection by Spaceborne Radars." In Advances in Global Change Research, 717–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35798-6_13.

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Jorgensen, David P., and Robert Meneghini. "Airborne/Spaceborne Radar: Panel Report." In Radar in Meteorology, 315–22. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-15-7_26.

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Lausch, Angela, Marco Heurich, Paul Magdon, Duccio Rocchini, Karsten Schulz, Jan Bumberger, and Doug J. King. "A Range of Earth Observation Techniques for Assessing Plant Diversity." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 309–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_13.

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AbstractVegetation diversity and health is multidimensional and only partially understood due to its complexity. So far there is no single monitoring approach that can sufficiently assess and predict vegetation health and resilience. To gain a better understanding of the different remote sensing (RS) approaches that are available, this chapter reviews the range of Earth observation (EO) platforms, sensors, and techniques for assessing vegetation diversity. Platforms include close-range EO platforms, spectral laboratories, plant phenomics facilities, ecotrons, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), towers, air- and spaceborne EO platforms, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Sensors include spectrometers, optical imaging systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and radar. Applications and approaches to vegetation diversity modeling and mapping with air- and spaceborne EO data are also presented. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the future direction of monitoring vegetation diversity using RS.
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Liang, Hongyu, Wenbin Xu, Xiaoli Ding, Lei Zhang, and Songbo Wu. "Urban Sensing with Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar." In Urban Informatics, 345–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_21.

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AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR) are state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technologies and are very useful for urban remote sensing. The technologies have some very special characteristics compared to optical remote sensing and are especially advantageous in cloudy regions due to the ability of the microwave radar signals used by the current SAR sensors to penetrate clouds. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of SAR, differential InSAR, and multi-temporal InSAR, and their typical applications in urban remote sensing. Examples of applying the various InSAR techniques in generating DEMs and monitoring ground and infrastructure deformation are given. The capabilities and limitations of InSAR techniques in urban remote sensing are briefly discussed.
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Kumar, Shashi, and Aanchal Sharma. "Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 1–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-1.

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Chaudhary, Vaishali, and Shashi Kumar. "Marine Oil Slick Detection Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing Techniques." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 211–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-9.

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Kumar, Anil, Rajat Garg, and Shashi Kumar. "Implementation of Machine Learning Classification Models on Multifrequency Band SAR Dataset." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 89–105. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-4.

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Aghababaei, Hossein, and Alfred Stein. "Speckle Reduction in SAR Images." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 13–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-2.

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Meghanadh, Devara, and Ramji Dwivedi. "Multi-Temporal SAR Interferometry." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 287–311. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-13.

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Tomar, Kiledar Singh, Ashutosh Venkatesh Prasad, and Sangita Singh Tomar. "Spaceborne SAR Application to Study Ice Flow Variation of Potsdam Glacier and Polar Record Glacier, East Antarctica." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 269–86. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

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Shao, YuLong, and Zhaoda Zhu. "Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radars." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Edmund G. Zelnio and Robert J. Douglass. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.242057.

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Tanelli, Simone, Stephen L. Durden, Eastwood Im, Gerald M. Heymsfield, Paul Racette, and Dave O. Starr. "Next-generation spaceborne Cloud Profiling Radars." In 2009 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2009.4977116.

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Suinot, Noel, Jacques Richard, Cyril Mangenot, Jean L. Cazaux, and Gerard Caille. "Developments in active antennas for spaceborne radars." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by James C. Shiue. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.152604.

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LI, F., S. DURDEN, E. IM, A. TANNER, and W. WILSON. "Airborne and spaceborne radars for rain mapping." In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-45.

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Vinagre, L. "Asymmetric pulse compression waveform design for spaceborne meteorological radars." In Radar Systems (RADAR 97). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971698.

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Ahmed, Razi, Ninoslav Majurec, Dmitry Strekalov, Vladimir Ilchenko, Andrey Matsko, and Simone Tanelli. "94GHZ RF-Photonics Receiver for Compact Spaceborne Radars." In IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884068.

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Tanelli, Simone, Eastwood Im, Stephen L. Durden, Dino Giuli, and Luca Facheris. "Spaceborne Doppler radars for atmospheric dynamics and energy budget studies." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4721127.

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Jiayun Chang, Xiong Fu, Guangjun Cheng, Guangqiang Fang, and Shiliang Liu. "Low-earth-orbit object detection by spaceborne netted radars." In 2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast.2015.7058578.

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Beauchamp, Patricia, and David Rogers. "New concepts for inflatable structures applied to spaceborne radars." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3795.

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Im, Eastwood, and Stephen L. Durden. "Instrument concepts and technologies for future spaceborne atmospheric radars." In Fourth International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2004: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by George J. Komar, Jinxue Wang, and Toshiyoshi Kimura. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.579066.

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Reports on the topic "Spaceborne radars"

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Monaldo, Frank, and Donald Thompson. Measurement of Wave Coherence Using Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629736.

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Werle, D. Radar remote sensing for application in forestry: a literature review for investigators and potential users of SAR data in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329188.

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Abstract:
Information provided in this document allows potential users of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as well as investigators participating in the Canadian Radar Data Development Program (RDDP) to obtain an overview of achievements, limitations and future potential of radar remote sensing for application in forestry, as portrayed in the published literature. Investigations concerned with radar remote sensing and its potential for application in forestry are reviewed. The main focus of these studies was the determination of microwave backscatter characteristics of forestry targets using different radar parameters, such as frequency, polarizations and incidence angle. Examples of selected targets include the following: coniferous and deciduous tree species, stands of different structure, age, tree height, clearcuts, or forestry environments in general as they change with the seasons. More than 75 studies based on airborne imaging radar, spaceborne radar as well as scatterometer data have been considered. Previous reviews which summarize information available in western Europe and North America are briefly introduced. Then, recent investigations covering the time period from the early 1980's onward are portrayed and discussed. The main results are summarized in a set of conclusions, followed by list of selected references and a list of Canadian institutions and organizations currently involved in radar remote sensing R&D for application in forestry.
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Hawkins, R. K., E. P. W. Attema, R. Crapolicchio, P. Lecomte, J. Closa, P. J. Meadows, and S K Srivastava. Stability of Amazon Backscatter at C-band: Spaceborne Results from ERS-1/2 and RADARSAT-1. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219593.

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