Journal articles on the topic 'Space-time warps'
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Wu, Jin-Liang, Jun-Jie Shi, and Lei Zhang. "Rectangling irregular videos by optimal spatio-temporal warping." Computational Visual Media 8, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41095-021-0222-z.
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AbstractImage and video processing based on geometric principles typically changes the rectangular shape of video frames to an irregular shape. This paper presents a warping based approach for rectangling such irregular frame boundaries in space and time, i.e., making them rectangular again. To reduce geometric distortion in the rectangling process, we employ content-preserving deformation of a mesh grid with line structures as constraints to warp the frames. To conform to the original inter-frame motion, we keep feature trajectory distribution as constraints during motion compensation to ensure stability after warping the frames. Such spatially and temporally optimized warps enable the output of regular rectangular boundaries for the video frames with low geometric distortion and jitter. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach can generate plausible video rectangling results in a variety of applications.
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Shiba, Shintaro, Yoshimitsu Aoki, and Guillermo Gallego. "Event Collapse in Contrast Maximization Frameworks." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 5190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145190.
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Contrast maximization (CMax) is a framework that provides state-of-the-art results on several event-based computer vision tasks, such as ego-motion or optical flow estimation. However, it may suffer from a problem called event collapse, which is an undesired solution where events are warped into too few pixels. As prior works have largely ignored the issue or proposed workarounds, it is imperative to analyze this phenomenon in detail. Our work demonstrates event collapse in its simplest form and proposes collapse metrics by using first principles of space–time deformation based on differential geometry and physics. We experimentally show on publicly available datasets that the proposed metrics mitigate event collapse and do not harm well-posed warps. To the best of our knowledge, regularizers based on the proposed metrics are the only effective solution against event collapse in the experimental settings considered, compared with other methods. We hope that this work inspires further research to tackle more complex warp models.
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Hofner, Peter, and Linda S. Sparke. "Time evolution of galactic WARPS." Astrophysical Journal 428 (June 1994): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/174260.
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Chatzikokolakis, Konstantinos, Catuscia Palamidessi, and Marco Stronati. "Constructing elastic distinguishability metrics for location privacy." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2015, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2015-0023.
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Abstract With the increasing popularity of hand-held devices, location-based applications and services have access to accurate and real-time location information, raising serious privacy concerns for their users. The recently introduced notion of geo-indistinguishability tries to address this problem by adapting the well-known concept of differential privacy to the area of location-based systems. Although geo-indistinguishability presents various appealing aspects, it has the problem of treating space in a uniform way, imposing the addition of the same amount of noise everywhere on the map. In this paper we propose a novel elastic distinguishability metric that warps the geometrical distance, capturing the different degrees of density of each area. As a consequence, the obtained mechanism adapts the level of noise while achieving the same degree of privacy everywhere. We also show how such an elastic metric can easily incorporate the concept of a “geographic fence” that is commonly employed to protect the highly recurrent locations of a user, such as his home or work. We perform an extensive evaluation of our technique by building an elastic metric for Paris’ wide metropolitan area, using semantic information from the OpenStreetMap database. We compare the resulting mechanism against the Planar Laplace mechanism satisfying standard geo-indistinguishability, using two real-world datasets from the Gowalla and Brightkite location-based social networks. The results show that the elastic mechanism adapts well to the semantics of each area, adjusting the noise as we move outside the city center, hence offering better overall privacy.1
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Xie, Jianwen, Ruiqi Gao, Zilong Zheng, Song-Chun Zhu, and Ying Nian Wu. "Motion-Based Generator Model: Unsupervised Disentanglement of Appearance, Trackable and Intrackable Motions in Dynamic Patterns." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 12442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6931.
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Dynamic patterns are characterized by complex spatial and motion patterns. Understanding dynamic patterns requires a disentangled representational model that separates the factorial components. A commonly used model for dynamic patterns is the state space model, where the state evolves over time according to a transition model and the state generates the observed image frames according to an emission model. To model the motions explicitly, it is natural for the model to be based on the motions or the displacement fields of the pixels. Thus in the emission model, we let the hidden state generate the displacement field, which warps the trackable component in the previous image frame to generate the next frame while adding a simultaneously emitted residual image to account for the change that cannot be explained by the deformation. The warping of the previous image is about the trackable part of the change of image frame, while the residual image is about the intrackable part of the image. We use a maximum likelihood algorithm to learn the model parameters that iterates between inferring latent noise vectors that drive the transition model and updating the parameters given the inferred latent vectors. Meanwhile we adopt a regularization term to penalize the norms of the residual images to encourage the model to explain the change of image frames by trackable motion. Unlike existing methods on dynamic patterns, we learn our model in unsupervised setting without ground truth displacement fields or optical flows. In addition, our model defines a notion of intrackability by the separation of warped component and residual component in each image frame. We show that our method can synthesize realistic dynamic pattern, and disentangling appearance, trackable and intrackable motions. The learned models can be useful for motion transfer, and it is natural to adopt it to define and measure intrackability of a dynamic pattern.
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Crane, Leah. "Space-time warp could leave memories." New Scientist 234, no. 3127 (May 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)31010-2.
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Fil’chenkov, Michael, and Yuri Laptev. "Hypermotion due to space-time deformation." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 41 (January 2016): 1660125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516601253.
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A superluminal motion (hypermotion) via M. Alcubierre’s warp drive is considered. Parameters of the warp drive have been estimated. The equations of starship geodesics have been solved. The starship velocity have been shown to exceed the speed of light, with the local velocity relative to the deformed space-time being below it. Hawking’s radiation does not prove to affect the ship interior considerably. Difficulties related to a practical realization of the hypermotion are indicated.
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Cai, Yi Ming. "Time and Space Warp Characteristics of Resources Utilization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2690.
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We are able to recognize an interesting characteristic of resource utilization by means of time definition and analysis of human utilization of resources. The characteristic is that the utilization of resources have the characteristics of time and space warp from both the view points of depth space resource of the time concept of time-point, the time concept of time-point circulation and circulation of point-to-point in one hand, and also breadth space resource of the short-term periodic time cycle, medium-time periodic time cycle and long-time periodic cycle in the other.
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Yarrington, Michael, Rebekah Moehring, Deverick John Anderson, Rebekah Wrenn, Christina Sarubbi, and Justin Spivey. "Measuring Empiric Antibiotic Spectrum Patterns Across Space and Time." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s2—s4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.474.
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Background: Quantitative evaluation of antibiotic spectrum is an important, underutilized metric in measuring antibiotic use (AU) and may assist antimicrobial stewards in identifying targets and strategy for intervention. We evaluated the spectrum of initial antibiotic choices by hospital location, day of the week, and time of day to determine whether these factors may be associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic choices. Methods: We identified all admissions with antibiotic exposure in medical and surgical wards and critical care units in a tertiary academic medical center between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2019. The antibiotic spectrum index (ASI), proposed by Gerber et al, is a numeric score based on the number of pathogens covered by a particular agent. We defined ASI for initial antibiotic choice as follows: ASI for each unique antibiotic administered within 24 hours of the first antibiotic administration was summed and assigned to the administration time of the first dose. We categorized time into 4 distinct categories: weekday days (Monday–Friday, 7 a.m.–7 p.m.), weekday nights, weekend days, and weekend nights. Weekend time began 7 p.m. Friday and ended 7 a.m. Monday. We constructed heatmaps stratified by hospital location. Mann-Whitney U tests were applied to evaluate differences in the distributions of ASI using weekday days as a reference. Results: Data included 90,455 unique antibiotic admissions with initial antibiotic starts in medical and surgical wards and critical care units. Patterns of ASI for initial antibiotic choice varied between unit locations and time (Figs. 1 and 2). Mean and median ASIs for initial antibiotic choices were higher for medical ward and medical ICUs than for surgical wards and surgical ICUs. Initial antibiotic choices had higher ASIs during overnight hours for all units except the surgical ICU. Notable differences in ASIs were identified between weekday and weekend prescribing for surgical units, whereas medical units demonstrated less extreme differences. Conclusion: We observed a “weekend effect” across hospital units; the most extreme occurred in surgical wards. This observation may be due to differences in patient volume and rounding patterns. For example, hospitalist and critical care units have 7-day schedules, whereas surgical wards are highly influenced by operating room schedules. Antimicrobial stewardship teams may use these data to identify strategies targeting the most opportune time and place to intervene on the spectrum of initial antibiotic choice.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Khachaturyants, Tigran, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Victor P. Debattista, and Kathryne J. Daniel. "Bending waves excited by irregular gas inflow along warps." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 3500–3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac606.
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ABSTRACT Gaia has revealed clear evidence of bending waves in the vertical kinematics of stars in the solar neighbourhood. We study bending waves in two simulations, one warped, with the warp due to misaligned gas inflow, and the other unwarped. We find slow, retrograde bending waves in both models, with the ones in the warped model having larger amplitudes. We also find fast, prograde bending waves. Prograde bending waves in the unwarped model are very weak, in agreement with the expectation that these waves should decay on short, approximately crossing, time-scales, due to strong winding. However, prograde bending waves are much stronger for the duration of the warped model, pointing to irregular gas inflow along the warp as a continuous source of excitation. We demonstrate that large-amplitude bending waves that propagate through the solar neighbourhood give rise to a correlation between the mean vertical velocity and the angular momentum, with a slope consistent with that found by Gaia. The bending waves affect populations of all ages, but the sharpest features are found in the young populations, hinting that short-wavelength waves are not supported by the older, kinematically hotter, populations. Our results demonstrate the importance of misaligned gas accretion as a recurrent source of vertical perturbations of disc galaxies, including in the Milky Way.
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Singer, Michael C. "Shifts in time and space interact as climate warms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 49 (November 21, 2017): 12848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718334114.
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Sung, Mankyu, and Gyu Sang Choi. "Space-Time Warp Curve for Synthesizing Multi-character Motions." ETRI Journal 39, no. 4 (August 2017): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.17.0116.0669.
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BEJANCU, AUREL. "FIELD EQUATIONS FOR SPACE–TIME–MATTER THEORY." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 10, no. 09 (August 30, 2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887813500382.
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In the present paper we obtain, in a covariant form, and in their full generality, the field equations in a relativistic general Kaluza–Klein space. This is done by using the Riemannian horizontal connection defined in [3], and some 4D horizontal tensor fields, as for instance: horizontal Ricci tensor, horizontal Einstein gravitational tensor field, horizontal electromagnetic energy–momentum tensor field, etc. Also, we present some inter-relations between STM theory and brane-world theory. This enables us to introduce in brane theory some electromagnetic potentials constructed by means of the warp function.
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Preiss, Bruno R., Wayne M. Loucks, and Ian D. Macintyre. "Effects of the checkpoint interval on time and space in time warp." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 4, no. 3 (July 1994): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/189443.189444.
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Cook, James M., Daniel Bean, and Sally Power. "Fatal fighting in fig wasps – GBH in time and space." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, no. 7 (July 1999): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01661-4.
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Kowalski, Mariusz. "Generational cycles and changes in time and space." Geographia Polonica 92, no. 3 (2019): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0148.
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The cyclical character of definite processes observed under both Polish and American conditions in fact emerges as of a universal nature, finding its analogies throughout the world, though first and foremost within the European cultural circle. It is also possible to speak of its far reaching synchronicity, encompassing change on both local and global scales. This is witnessed by successive culminations of cycles with the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, the revolutionary surges of the 1830s and 1840s, the events of the 1860s and 1870s, the turbulences and wars of the early 20th century (notably World War I), then World War II, the great transformations of the 1980s, and the recently observed increase in political tension in various parts of the world (e.g. the Middle East, Ukraine, etc.). In the economic sphere the symptoms are shifts in the business climate, which can even be calculated by reference to quantitative indicators. Then, in the sphere of culture, it is possible to denote successive periods in literature and the arts. In the political sphere in turn, events that shape the state or territorial order are to be observed readily. The present article thus seeks to propose the existence of a universal and synchronous 30-40 years long generation cycle, which manifests itself in real symptoms in the world of politics, and for instance in the cyclicity seen to characterise intensity of change on the political map of Europe.
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Gholami, F., A. Haji-Badali, and F. Darabi. "Classification of Einstein equations with cosmological constant in warped product space-time." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 03 (February 20, 2018): 1850041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781850041x.
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We classify all warped product space-times in three categories as (i) generalized twisted product structures, (ii) base conformal warped product structures and (iii) generalized static space-times and then we obtain the Einstein equations with the corresponding cosmological constant by which we can determine uniquely the warp functions in these warped product space-times.
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Walker, Edward A. "An Alternative to the Alcubierre Theory: Warp Fields by the Gravitation via Accelerated Particles Assertion." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n5p44.
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<p class="1Body">A summarization of the Alcubierre metric is given in comparison to a new metric that has been formulated based on the theoretical assertion of a recently published paper entitled “gravitational space-time curve generation via accelerated particles”. The new metric mathematically describes a warp field where particle accelerators can theoretically generate gravitational space-time curves that compress or contract a volume of space-time toward a hypothetical vehicle traveling at a sub-light velocity contingent upon the amount of voltage generated. Einstein’s field equations are derived based on the new metric to show its compatibility to general relativity. The “time slowing” effects of relativistic gravitational time dilation inherent to the gravitational field generated by the particle accelerators is mathematically shown to be counteracted by a gravitational equilibrium point between an arrangement of two equal magnitude particle accelerators. The gravitational equilibrium point produces a volume of flat or linear space-time to which the hypothetical vehicle can traverse the region of contracted space-time without experiencing time slippage. The theoretical warp field possessing these attributes is referred to as the two gravity source warp field which is mathematically described by the new metric.</p>
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Deng, Hongping, Gordon I. Ogilvie, and Lucio Mayer. "Parametric instability in a free-evolving warped protoplanetary disc." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 4248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3504.
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ABSTRACT Warped accretion discs of low viscosity are prone to hydrodynamic instability due to parametric resonance of inertial waves as confirmed by local simulations. Global simulations of warped discs, using either smoothed particle hydrodynamics or grid-based codes, are ubiquitous but no such instability has been seen. Here, we utilize a hybrid Godunov-type Lagrangian method to study parametric instability in global simulations of warped Keplerian discs at unprecedentedly high resolution (up to 120 million particles). In the global simulations, the propagation of the warp is well described by the linear bending-wave equations before the instability sets in. The ensuing turbulence, captured for the first time in a global simulation, damps relative orbital inclinations and leads to a decrease in the angular momentum deficit. As a result, the warp undergoes significant damping within one bending-wave crossing time. Observed protoplanetary disc warps are likely maintained by companions or aftermath of disc breaking.
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PONCE DE LEON, J. "INEVITABILITY OF SPACE–TIME SINGULARITIES IN THE CANONICAL METRIC." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 21 (July 10, 2001): 1405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301004595.
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We discuss the question of whether the existence of singularities is an intrinsic property of 4D space–time. Our hypothesis is that singularities in 4D are induced by the separation of space–time from the other dimensions. We examine this hypothesis in the context of the so-called canonical or warp metrics in 5D. These metrics are popular because they provide a clean separation between the extra dimension and space–time. We show that the space–time section, in these metrics, inevitably becomes singular for some finite (nonzero) value of the extra coordinate. This is true for all canonical metrics that are solutions of the field equations in space–time-matter theory. This is a coordinate singularity in 5D, but appears as a physical one in 4D. At this singular hypersurface, the determinant of the space–time metric becomes zero and the curvature of the space–time blows up to infinity. These results are consistent with our hypothesis.
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Kim, Young Jin, Dimitri Mavris, and Richard Fujimoto. "Time- and space-parallel simulation of air traffic networks." SIMULATION 95, no. 12 (March 18, 2019): 1213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549719831358.
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Computer simulations are widely used to design and evaluate air traffic systems. A fast time simulation capability is essential to effectively explore the consequences of decisions in airspace design, air traffic management, and operations. A parallel simulation approach is proposed to accelerate fast time simulation of air traffic networks that exploits both temporal and spatial parallelisms. A time-parallel algorithm is first described that simulates different time intervals concurrently and uses a fix up computation that exploits the scheduled nature of commercial air traffic to address the problem of dependencies between time segments. The time-parallel algorithm is then extended with a space-parallel simulation approach using Time Warp to simulate each time segment in parallel thereby increasing the amount of parallelism that can be exploited. The time and space-parallel algorithms are evaluated using a simulation of the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). Experimental data is presented demonstrating that this approach can achieve greater acceleration than what can be achieved by exploiting time-parallel or space-parallel simulation techniques alone.
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Casassus, Simon, Sebastián Pérez, Axel Osses, and Sebastián Marino. "Cooling in the shade of warped transition discs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 486, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): L58—L62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slz059.
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ABSTRACT The mass of the gaseous reservoir in young circumstellar discs is a crucial initial condition for the formation of planetary systems, but estimates vary by orders of magnitude. In some discs with resolvable cavities, sharp inner disc warps cast two-sided shadows on the outer rings; can the cooling of the gas as it crosses the shadows bring constraints on its mass? The finite cooling time-scale should result in dust temperature decrements shifted ahead of the optical/IR shadows in the direction of rotation. However, some systems show temperature drops, while others do not. The depth of the drops and the amplitude of the shift depend on the outer disc surface density Σ through the extent of cooling during the shadow crossing time, and also on the efficiency of radiative diffusion. These phenomena may bear observational counterparts, which we describe with a simple 1D model. An application to the HD 142527 disc suggests an asymmetry in its shadows, and predicts a ≳10 deg shift for a massive gaseous disc, with peak Σ > 8.3 g cm−2. Another application to the DoAr 44 disc limits the peak surface density to Σ < 13 g cm−2.
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Aguilera Serrano, Carlos, and Carmen Heredia Pareja. "Simbología del poder. El caso de las puertas en las unidades de hospitalización psiquiátrica." Nº 8 Octubre de 2019, no. 8 (October 1, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35761/reesme.2019.8.03.
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Why in some acute psychiatric wards there is even a double access door? What explanation do we give to the existence of armored doors? Do we save or hide "something" that society needs to make invisible? Has anyone measured the therapeutic effects of the design, space and architectural structure of acute psychiatric wards? The environment and its elements, including the set formed by the space of the service, the furniture and the material that the patients use during their stay in a hospital center, influence the health results. In this work of theoretical contribution, we analyze the apparently formal element that forms an artistic object, the door, and that nevertheless is, as a bearer of symbolic values, a referent of an ideological corpus contextualized and produced in acute psychiatric wards. The symbolic value of the door facilitates, at the same time it allows, the understanding of processes or phenomena inherent to the practices, attention and care provided to and with the people admitted, and the private and intimate area that constitutes the acute psychiatric wards in an oppressive and hostile space towards the person. Keywords: environment designs, symbolism, health services, hospitalization
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Chen, Fei, and Yi Sheng Liu. "Analyzing the Vibration of Warp Yarns in Lengthwise and Crosswise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.798.
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This article adopts nonlinear vibration method to analyze the fluctuation process of warp yarn. Selecting Kelvin model.A differential equation of the warp yarn vibration in lengthwise and crosswise is established by Newton law.And using Galerkin truncation method to separate the variables of time and space and to discrete partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations.The vertical and lateral vibration response of the warp are analyzed by 4-order Runge-Kutta method and matlab. Getting transverse and longitudinal vibration of warp yarns.
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Guha, Sarbari, and Subenoy Chakraborty. "Five-Dimensional Warped Product Space-Time with Time-Dependent Warp Factor and Cosmology of the Four-Dimensional Universe." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 51, no. 1 (July 21, 2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-011-0877-9.
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Olivier, Bert. "Time(s), space(s) and communication in Castells’s ‘Network Society’*." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 32, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v33i2.1635.
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In ‘The Rise of the Network Society’ (2010), Manuel Castells elaborates on what today is commonknowledge, namely the notion of a society that is characterised both by networks of electronicallymediated communication and by networks undergirding economic exchanges worldwide. Inthis article, I explore a dissonance issuing from a feature of the network society, namely whatCastells calls the ‘transformation of space and time in the human experience’. In this context,he distinguishes between ‘the space of places’ and ‘the space of flows’, with the former referringto the historically familiar sense of space as a material precondition of social interaction andof architectural modulation into ‘place’, and the latter to a novel form of spatiality, one that isrelated to social interaction that has been fundamentally modified by advanced communicationtechnologies and is characterised by simultaneity, regardless of physical distance. This, in turn,is related to what Castells labels ‘timeless time’, which is noticeable where customary timesequences are blurred in certain contemporary practices, such as virtually instantaneous financialtransactions, ‘instant wars’ and virtual communication. This contrasts with both ordinary, ‘human’time and also with evolutionary ‘glacial time’ – a notion operative in the ecological movementand one that increasingly clashes with the demands of ‘timeless time’ in the network society. Thearticle reconstructs Castells’s comprehensive vision and points to the relevance of the conflictbetween these respective notions of space and time for contemporary communication practices.It also engages critically with the social implications of the dominant modes of space and time.
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Dewberry, Janosz W., Henrik N. Latter, Gordon I. Ogilvie, and Sebastien Fromang. "HFQPOs and discoseismic mode excitation in eccentric, relativistic discs. I. Hydrodynamic simulations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1897.
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ABSTRACT High-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) observed in the emission of black hole X-ray binary systems promise insight into strongly curved spacetime. ‘Discoseismic’ oscillations with frequencies set by the intrinsic properties of the central black hole, in particular ‘trapped inertial waves’ (r modes), offer an attractive explanation for HFQPOs. To produce an observable signature, however, such oscillations must be excited to sufficiently large amplitudes. Turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability fails to provide the necessary amplification, but r modes may still be excited via interaction with accretion disc warps or eccentricities. We present 3D global hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic accretion discs, which demonstrate for the first time the excitation of trapped inertial waves by an imposed eccentricity in the flow. While the r modes’ saturated state depends on the vertical boundary conditions used in our unstratified, cylindrical framework, their excitation is unambiguous in all runs with eccentricity ≳ 0.005 near the innermost stable circular orbit. These simulations provide a proof of concept, demonstrating the robustness of trapped inertial wave excitation in a non-magnetized context. In a companion paper, we explore the competition between this excitation, and damping by magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
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Fernando, Oshan, Natalie G. Coburn, Avery B. Nathens, Julie Hallet, Najma Ahmed, and Lesley Gotlib Conn. "Interprofessional communication between surgery trainees and nurses in the inpatient wards: Why time and space matter." Journal of Interprofessional Care 30, no. 5 (June 17, 2016): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2016.1187589.
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Grasso, Kenneth L. "The Real Western War of Religion." Catholic Social Science Review 25 (2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20202524.
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Steven D. Smith’s Pagans and Christians in the City takes its place alongside James Davison Hunter’s Culture Wars as one of the two truly indispensable books on today’s Culture Wars. It advances our understanding of today’s conflict by situating it historically and focusing our attention on its religious dimension. Smith argues that today’s conflict is the latest episode in a longstanding conflict between immanent forms of religiosity which locate the sacred in the world of space and time, and transcendent forms of religiosity which locate the divine beyond space and time. As compelling as it is, the volume’s argument would have been strengthened by a more sustained treatment of the nature of the political community and the essential role played within it by the truths held in common by the members concerning God, man, nature, and history.
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Zetie, K. P. "Time Travel and Warp Drives: A Scientific Guide to Shortcuts through Time and Space,by Allen Everett and Thomas Roman." Contemporary Physics 55, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2013.868520.
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Wu, Tong, Zhe You, Mengqi Gong, and Jinhua Cheng. "Star Wars? Space Weather and Electricity Market: Evidence from China." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175281.
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This paper aims to investigate the impact of space weather on China’s electricity market. Based on data products provided by NOAA and the National Energy Administration in China, this paper uses solar wind velocity as a solar weather indicator and the disturbance storm time index as a magnetospheric weather indicator to match monthly Chinese electricity market data over 10 years. Based on a VAR model, we found that (1) space weather increases the demand for electricity in China, and solar wind speed and the geomagnetic index increase the electricity consumption of the whole of Chinese society, as space weather mainly increases the electricity consumption of the secondary and industrial sectors. (2) The geomagnetic index significantly promotes power station revenue. (3) Space weather is associated with increased energy consumption. The geomagnetic index significantly increases the coal consumption rate of fossil power plants in China, but the solar wind speed has nothing to do with the coal consumption rate of fossil power plants.
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Weissgerber, Kurt, Gary B. Lamont, Brett J. Borghetti, and Gilbert L. Peterson. "Determining Solution Space Characteristics for Real-Time Strategy Games and Characterizing Winning Strategies." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/834026.
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The underlying goal of a competing agent in a discrete real-time strategy (RTS) game is to defeat an adversary. Strategic agents or participants must define an a priori plan to maneuver their resources in order to destroy the adversary and the adversary's resources as well as secure physical regions of the environment. This a priori plan can be generated by leveraging collected historical knowledge about the environment. This knowledge is then employed in the generation of a classification model for real-time decision-making in the RTS domain. The best way to generate a classification model for a complex problem domain depends on the characteristics of the solution space. An experimental method to determine solution space (search landscape) characteristics is through analysis of historical algorithm performance for solving the specific problem. We select a deterministic search technique and a stochastic search method for a priori classification model generation. These approaches are designed, implemented, and tested for a specific complex RTS game, Bos Wars. Their performance allows us to draw various conclusions about applying a competing agent in complex search landscapes associated with RTS games.
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Syuhada', Syuhada'. "Bagian Waris Ibu Dalam Gharâiwayn; Analisis Ijtihad Umar dan Ibn Abbas dalam Bagian Waris Ibu." Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v2i1.21.
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The hint Al-Qur’an on inheritance was so raw and tawqîfiyat though still very limited, and a global cues. Appointment to the rules in the global situation of open space to perform ijtihâd. In the case of the mother’s time with the father and one of the spouses has never happened at the time of the Prophet 'Umar Ibn Khat?t?âb as the caliph should be a decision to give an answer to the solution. By calculation, according to Ibn 'Abbâs in the case gharâiwayn which gives the mother a third of all the treasures, also not out of the possible, that at least one and at most two for each of the mothers and fathers as men and women when it is understood that the scale of the two appeal of the scale maximum and minimum. Display Al-Qur’an that filial to parents with different circumstances is a must give way to the possibility of applying the result of two principal parts. Part of the principal can be attributed to the remaining one-third or one-third of all real estate omission with regard to conditions suitable for the elderly.
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Cervelli, Filippo. "Saved by the Nerd." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 3 (August 3, 2022): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v9i3.887.
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This article analyses Hosoda Mamoru’s anime film Summer Wars (2009) through its rearticulation of the lonely male otaku. A highly debated issue in and outside of Japan, the otaku community of fans shares with nerds associations with obsessive interests, technology, and lack of social skills. Summer Wars provides a counternarrative to such discourses by setting up a story of interpersonal ties with an otaku at its centre. Furthermore, the film displaces this story to rural Japan, thus recontextualising the otaku’s typical highly technological urban environment by relocating one of them amidst a large family and historical continuity. Through this emblematic shift in space, in opposition to the city at multiple levels, Summer Wars takes a novel approach in representing the otaku’s potential for sociability, while still retaining the very features that may categorise him as an otaku; at the same time, the film uses otaku themes to create an imaginative reflection on the importance of interpersonal familial bonds, recuperated through the space of the native place.
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Sabatier, Jean-Marc, and Farzan Amini. "Emergence of Gloomy Eyelet inside DNA." Biophysica 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3010003.
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The purpose of this article is to study gloomy eyelet (GE) inside the cell nucleus by using models of warp drive hydro (WDH), swinging spring, Rankine, co-moving reference frame, and Poincare. The beat wave frequency (ω) of blood pressure on the vessel and the swinging spring frequency (Ω) of DNA coincide together on the Rankine model. In this case, it leads to appearing as a sudden pressure drop and an accelerated cavity in the medium of the warp drive hydro (WDH) model. In transient conditions, the vortex flow inside WDH can generate gloomy eyelet (GE), and the tiny distortion of nano space–time revealed inside the gloomy eyelet (GE) inside DNA and the tiny distortion of nano space–time revealed inside the co-moving reference frame (CMRF) model of the gloomy eyelet (GE). The space–time distortion can act as a hidden potential for the cell nucleus and some behaviors of gloomy eyelet can be traced by the frequency responses of human body organs. The interactions between two adjacent different mediums such as the normal cells and abnormal cells, earth’s gravitational effects can lead to changes in the distortion of space–time inside the cell nucleus. Transient bonds between particles can be expected to appear in the gloomy eyelet inside DNA. Identifying the range of changes in the frequency responses and the transient bonds inside the cell nucleus can be introduced as one of the health indicators.
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Narayan, Chaitra A., Ralf-Jürgen Dettmar, and Kanak Saha. "Wobbly discs – corrugations seen in the dust lanes of edge-on galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 4 (May 23, 2020): 3705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1400.
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ABSTRACT We report the detection of small-scale bending waves, also known as corrugations, in the dust lanes of five nearby edge-on disc galaxies. This phenomenon, where the disc mid-plane bends to become wavy, just as in warps but on a smaller scale, is seen here for the first time, in the dust lanes running across the discs. Because they are seen in absorption, this feature must be present in the dust disc in the outskirts of these galaxies. We enhance the visibility of these features using unsharp masking, trace the dust mid-plane across the disc, measure the corrugation amplitude by eye and the corrugation wavelength using Fourier analysis. The corrugation amplitude is found to be in the range of 70–300pc and the wavelengths lie between 1 and 5 kpc. In this limited sample, we find that the amplitude of the corrugations tends to be larger for lower mass galaxies, whereas the wavelength of corrugation does not seem to depend on the mass of host galaxies. Linear stability analysis is performed to find out the dynamical state of these dust discs. Based on WKB analysis, we find that the dust corrugations in about half of our sample are stable. Further analysis, on a larger sample would be useful to strengthen the above results.
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Sawyer, Louise, Simon Kemp, Patrick James, and Michael Harper. "Assessment of a Nurse Led Energy Behavior Change Intervention in an NHS Community Hospital Ward." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206523.
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This paper investigates a nurse led, energy conservation behavioral intervention, in hospital wards of an NHS (National Health Service) community hospital (Trust). The information based intervention was adapted from “Operation TLC”, developed by environmental behavioral change charity Global Action Plan, and St Bartholomew’s Health NHS Trust, London. For this study, three identical older persons’ acute-care wards in terms of patient type, nursing levels, layout, electrical fittings (lighting & small power), elevation and orientation (one control ward and two intervention wards) were evaluated over a nine-month period. The paper demonstrates a co-dependent relationship between the quantitative data from the electricity and light monitors on the wards with the qualitative data gathered from staff comfort surveys and focus groups, and Trust policies. Our results show a 13% reduction in electricity consumption, primarily from preventing nursing staff in the intervention group from using prohibited secondary space heaters at night during the heating season and the introduction of a “quiet time” in the intervention group. During quiet time lights in the intervention group were turned off for an hour after lunch to encourage rest for patients to provide time for nursing staff to complete administrative tasks. Electricity reductions achieved during the intervention period were observed to continue into the 3-month post intervention period but at a reduced level.
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Morton, Adam David. "The warp of the world: Geographies of space and time in the Border Trilogy by Cormac McCarthy." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33, no. 5 (September 18, 2015): 831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775815604919.
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Ho, Chen Shie, Min Li Yeh, and Yu Sheng Liao. "Study of Patient Waiting Time in the Emergence Department: An Example of a Medical Center in New Taipei County, Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1581.
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Patients who receive care in an emergency department (ED) are usually unattended while waiting in queues. This study attempted to determine whether the application of queuing theory analysis might shorten the waiting times of patients admitted to emergency wards. After the literature survey phase, the flow model to evaluate the patient waiting time in the emergence department corresponding to the target hospital is presented, then the waiting time under some circumstance are simulated. By allocating the human and space resource dynamically, the waiting time can be reduced then patient satisfaction is improved.
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van der Schaaf, P. S., E. Dusseldorp, F. M. Keuning, W. A. Janssen, and E. O. Noorthoorn. "Impact of the physical environment of psychiatric wards on the use of seclusion." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, no. 2 (February 2013): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118422.
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BackgroundThe physical environment is presumed to have an effect on aggression and also on the use of seclusion on psychiatric wards. Multicentre studies that include a broad variety of design features found on psychiatric wards and that control for patient, staff and general ward characteristics are scarce.AimsTo explore the effect of design features on the risk of being secluded, the number of seclusion incidents and the time in seclusion, for patients admitted to locked wards for intensive psychiatric care.MethodData on the building quality and safety of psychiatric as well as forensic wards (n = 199) were combined with data on the frequency and type of coercive measures per admission (n = 23 868 admissions of n = 14 834 patients) on these wards, over a 12-month period. We used non-linear principal components analysis (CATPCA) to reduce the observed design features into a smaller number of uncorrelated principal components. Two-level multilevel (logistic) regression analyses were used to explore the relationship with seclusion. Admission was the first level in the analyses and ward was the second level.ResultsOverall, 14 design features had a significant effect on the risk of being secluded during admission. The ‘presence of an outdoor space’, 'special safety measures' and a large ‘number of patients in the building’ increased the risk of being secluded. Design features such as more ‘total private space per patient’, a higher ‘level of comfort’ and greater ‘visibility on the ward’, decreased the risk of being secluded.ConclusionsA number of design features had an effect on the use of seclusion and restraint. The study highlighted the need for a greater focus on the impact of the physical environment on patients, as, along with other interventions, this can reduce the need for seclusion and restraint.
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Higgs, G., M. L. Senior, and H. C. W. L. Williams. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mortality and Deprivation 1: Widening Health Inequalities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 9 (September 1998): 1661–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301661.
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In this paper we examine the relationship between premature mortality and material deprivation both over time (the intercensal period, 1981–91) and over space (for the population in wards and ward groups in Wales). Our focus is on the methods of analysis for small area (ward-based) multiple cross-section mortality data and their application to the substantive issue of the persistent and widening inequalities in Wales. In this paper we examine all-cause deaths and mortality by specific disease classes for groups (quintiles) of wards ranked according to standard measures of material deprivation. Although there have been reductions in premature mortality across all deprivation groups in Wales, over the decade, the gap has widened between the most and least deprived areas. Mortality decline in the largest disease category (circulatory) was found to be significantly lower in the most deprived quintile of wards than in the rest of Wales. Compared with results from the North of England, mortality decline in Wales has been rather greater.
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Dreyer, Pia, Bente Martinsen, Annelise Norlyk, and Anita Haahr. "Acting Slow in a Fast World: A Phenomenological Study of Caring in the Recovery Room." Phenomenology & Practice 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29356.
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In this paper, we discuss “the slow in the fast” related to care situations in a “fast-track” hospitalsetting were the length of patients’ stay has been reduced significantly. The discussion is basedon a narrative created from observations made in a postoperative care unit where patients areintensively observed and cared for during a very short time span.We found that within the phenomenological notions of lived time, lived space and livedillness, it is possible to create an imaginative space in time – to make a time warp. Despitebeing in a setting where the objective time measure dominates, the nurse can create a rhythmof her own in the room. Thus, acting slow in the quick meeting means that nurse-patientrelationship is characterized by calmness and quietness, the nurse’s engagement in the patient’ssuffering and her help to the patient to endure the present and hold the now.
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Karsai, István. "Decentralized Control of Construction Behavior in Paper Wasps: An Overview of the Stigmergy Approach." Artificial Life 5, no. 2 (April 1999): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454699568719.
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Grassé [26] coined the term stigmergy (previous work directs and triggers new building actions) to describe a mechanism of decentralized pathway of information flow in social insects. In general, all kinds of multi-agent groups require coordination for their effort and it seems that stigmergy is a very powerful means to coordinate activity over great spans of time and space in a wide variety of systems. In a situation in which many individuals contribute to a collective effort, such as building a nest, stimuli provided by the emerging structure itself can provide a rich source of information for the working insects. The current article provides a detailed review of this stigmergic paradigm in the building behavior of paper wasps to show how stigmergy influenced the understanding of mechanisms and evolution of a particular biological system. The most important feature to understand is how local stimuli are organized in space and time to ensure the emergence of a coherent adaptive structure and to explain how workers could act independently yet respond to stimuli provided through the common medium of the environment of the colony.
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Anikin, Daniil A., and Andrey A. Linchenko. "Memory Wars in the East European Frontier: In Search of Research Methodology." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 466 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/466/6.
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Within the framework of this article, the theoretical and methodological framework of the philosophical interpretation of the concept “memory wars” was analyzed. In the context of criticism of allochronism and the project of the politics of time by B. Bevernage, as well as the concept of the frontier by F. Turner, the space-time aspects of the content of memory wars were comprehended. The use of Bevernage's ideas made it possible to explain the nature of modern memory wars in Europe. The origins of these wars are associated with an attempt to transfer the Western European project of “cosmopolitan” memory, in which Western Europe turns out to be a kind of a “referential” framework of historical modernity, to the countries of Eastern Europe after 1989. The uncritical use of Western European historical experience as a “reference” leads to a superficial copying of the politics of memory, which runs counter to the politics of the time in Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe, the idea of two totalitarianisms is presented as a single and internally indistinguishable era, and the politics of modern post-socialist states are based on the idea of a radical spatio-temporal distancing from their recent past. The article analyzes the issue of the specifics of the Eastern European frontier, the conditions for its emergence and the impact on modern forms of implementation of the politics of memory. The frontier arises as a result of the collapse of the colonial empires and becomes a space of symbolic struggle, first between the USSR and Germany, and then between the socialist and capitalist blocs. The crisis of the globalist project of the politics of memory and the transfer of the German model of victimization to the territory of the Eastern European frontier leads to the competition of sacrificial narratives and the escalation of memorial conflicts, turning into full-fledged memory wars. The hybrid nature of the antagonistic politics of memory in the conditions of the frontier leads to the fact that not only the socialist past, but also the national trauma of individual states becomes the subject of memory wars. The increasing complexity of the mnemonic structure of the frontier is associated with the emergence of a number of unrecognized states, whose memory politics, in contrast to the national discourses of Eastern European states, is based on a synthesis of the Soviet legacy and individual elements of the imperial past.
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Schneider, P. C., C. F. Manara, S. Facchini, H. M. Günther, G. J. Herczeg, D. Fedele, and P. S. Teixeira. "Multi-epoch monitoring of the AA Tauri-like star V 354 Mon." Astronomy & Astrophysics 614 (June 2018): A108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731959.
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Disk warps around classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) can periodically obscure the central star for some viewing geometries. For these so- called AA Tau-like variables, the obscuring material is located in the inner disk and absorption spectroscopy allows one to characterize its dust and gas content. Since the observed emission from CTTSs consists of several components (photospheric, accretion, jet, and disk emission), which can all vary with time, it is generally challenging to disentangling disk features from emission variability. Multi- epoch, flux-calibrated, broadband spectra provide us with the necessary information to cleanly separate absorption from emission variability. We applied this method to three epochs of VLT/X-shooter spectra of the CTTS V 354 Mon (CSI Mon-660) located in NGC 2264 and find that: (a) the accretion emission remains virtually unchanged between the three epochs; (b) the broadband flux evolution is best described by disk material obscuring part of the star, and (c) the Na and K gas absorption lines show only a minor increase in equivalent width during phases of high dust extinction. The limits on the absorbing gas column densities indicate a low gas-to-dust ratio in the inner disk, less than a tenth of the ISM value. We speculate that the evolutionary state of V 354 Mon, rather old with a low accretion rate, is responsible for the dust excess through an evolution toward a dust dominated disk or through the fragmentation of larger bodies that drifted inward from larger radii in a still gas dominated disk.
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Suzuki, Shinichi, and Parimala V. Rao. "Mobility of Scholars, Expansion of Linguistic / Cognitive Space, and Translation. Asian Education in Modern Time. Presentation." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 7, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.398.
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Taking modern time into historical considerations, the era from the mid-19thcentury to the end of the 20th century was full of heterogeneous facts and events, including the two World Wars. Of such diverse national histories, movement of people crossing borders was common to a greater extent for Asians. In this special edition, v. 7, n. 2 (2020), the editors choose first the mobility of students as a common trend in history. The second commonality is the problems of language teaching. Japan introduced modern knowledge and skills from Europe and America. It was urgent to acquire languages of European people so that they might understand European thought and institutions as correctly as possible. Another question addressed in this Special Issue is what kind of translation there could be between nations. This kind of question reminds us of a common task for the Asians to establish their national languages. Mutual dialogue between different nations should require either common language or translation. The translation must cover not only vocabulary but concept and way of thinking. Special attention is paid too to the question of the types of tertiary education institutions which were modified into plural forms, and their curriculum and teaching styles were also re-directed towards capabilities adaptable to market needs.
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Yanitsky, Oleg. "The Ecological Wars: The Notion, Concept And Dynamics." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8445.
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Drawing on a scientific literature on the Biosphere and the global SBT-structure and development, on Russian, foreign and my own investigations of global ecological issues and environmental movements, I came to the following conclusions. First, these issues are both important practically and theoretically. Second, under the ecological war I mean all kinds of harm which is caused by man to the natural, human and complex invasion into the natural and social ecosystems. Third, the researchers are still follow the principle ‘Firstly, we should to cope with the after-effects of a certain disaster and then to evaluate their immediate and far-reaching outcomes’. Four, our urgent task is to foresee the coming disaster and to have a time to take the preventive measures in advance. Five, I distinguish three main archetypes of the ecological wars that I conditionally names as the natural, social and the feedback’s wars conducted by the global SBT-system against natural, social and mixed ecosystems. Six, the time regime of the global SBT-system functioning and of the ecological wars is very important but still ill-investigated issues. Seven, the main resource of any ecological war is the speed of its spreading in time and space and transformation of natural ecosystems. Eight, the current pandemic showed that the systemic approach, interdisciplinary and prognostic researches are the main instruments for coping with the ecological wars. It follows that the sociologists have to learn and widely-use these three theoretical instruments.
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Bárczi, Zsófia. "Attempts at creating a new concept of literature •." Hungarian Studies 34, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2020.00002.
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AbstractUsing the term Hungarian literature in (Czecho-)Slovakia has been a problem for literary historiography specialised on reflecting on this corpus since the emergence of minority Hungarian literatures defined by geopolitics. Since the twenties onwards, the texts of the belletristic corpus have been asking, from time to time, about the relationships among space and identity, and providing answers from approaches heroic to ironic. The relationships of identity and space are reflected vigorously not only in belletristic representations but in the literary criticism that reflects on them and in literary historiography as well. In my study, I am going to follow the process having taken place in the literary-historical narrative between the two World Wars, which aimed to transform the geopolitical factors associated with identity into a constructed space through articulating the experience of intermediacy and reflecting on the “as-if” state of the intercultural existence of Hungarian literature in Slovakia.
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Arafat, P., M. Silvalia, and S. Sari. "Open space preference and adaption in creating safe environment in Banda Aceh, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/881/1/012069.
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Abstract Open space has a vast benefit on human well-being and, at the same time serving environmental function. However, COVID 19 pandemics have shifted the pattern of open spaces visitation. This study aims to study visitation patterns to open spaces, evaluate facilities and management of open spaces to ensure visitors’ safety, and explore the COVID adaptive open space models in Banda Aceh during pandemics. This study is mixed-methods research that integrates both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The participants of this study are the doctors and nurses that worked in the COVID-19 ward in a general hospital in Banda Aceh. These participants were selected because they have sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 and have adapted their lifestyle after working at these special wards. The result shows shifting perceptions and preferences of respondents towards open spaces and the challenge of open space management adaptation during the COVID 19 situations. This paper also explores the safe open space model derived from the research result.
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Haer, Roos, Johannes Vüllers, and Nils B. Weidmann. "Studying micro dynamics in civil wars: introduction." Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung 8, no. 2 (October 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42597-019-00018-9.
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AbstractThis article introduces the special issue on the micro-level dynamics of civil wars. Until recently, most empirical work on these conflicts and their consequences has focused on the level of the sovereign state. In contrast, a micro-level approach is categorized by three distinct—albeit intertwined—features: a disaggregation by actors, time and space, interdisciplinarity, and the reliance on a set of different methods for the collection of data. The contributors to this special issue illustrate different approaches to the study of micro-level dynamics. The first part of the Special Issue provides new insights into the international level of civil war affects local conflict dynamics. The second part of the Special Issue is focused on the dynamics occurring at the group and the individual level. The diverse range of contributions to this Special Issue not only illustrate the scientific potential of the individual approaches to micro dynamics of armed conflict, but also the more general contributions that this kind of approach can offer to peace and conflict studies.