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1
Schommers, W. Cosmic secrets: Basic features of reality. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012.
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2
1965-, Carlson Laura Anne, and Zee Emile van der, eds. Functional features in language and space: Insights from perception, categorization, and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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3
Eyben, Florian. Real-time Speech and Music Classification by Large Audio Feature Space Extraction. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27299-3.
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4
J, Müller Hermann, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, eds. Neural binding of space and time: Spatial and temporal mechanisms of feature-object binding. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 2001.
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5
Hernández, René. Franciscan Books and their Readers. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729512.
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The book explores the manuscripts written, read, and studied by Franciscan friars from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries in Northern Italy, and specifically Padua, assessing four key aspects: ideal, space, form and readership. The ideal is studied through the regulations that determined what manuscripts should aim for. Space refers to the development and role of Franciscan libraries. The form is revealed by the assessment of the physical configuration of a set of representative manuscripts read, written, and manufactured by the friars. Finally, the study of the readership shows how Franciscans were skilled readers who employed certain forms of the manuscript as a portable, personal library, and as a tool for learning and pastoral care. By comparing the book collections of Padua’s reformed and unreformed medieval Franciscan libraries for the first time, this study reveals new features of the ground-breaking cultural agency of medieval friars.
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Callender, Craig. The Differences Between Time and Space. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797302.003.0006.
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Many philosophers and physicists have mistakenly felt that physics “spatializes time,” in the famous words of Henri Bergson. Contemporary physics instead distinguishes time from space in a variety of ways. Once identified, we can ask new questions about these features. Are there connections among these features? Is it just accidental that they coincide in our world? By identifying what is special to time and finding connections amongst them, we learn something deep about the nature of time in physical theories.
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(Editor), Laura Carlson, and Emile van der Zee (Editor), eds. Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development (Language and Space). Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.
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8
Pick, Daniel. 5. Analytic space, time, and technique. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199226818.003.0005.
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A patient may have spent years building defences against areas of anxiety and psychic pain; getting past them may take some time. To facilitate analysis, Freud proposed use of a fixed duration (the session) and reliable, regular location (the consulting room) ensuring privacy. ‘Analytic space, time, and technique’ explores features of time, space, and distance in this unusual setting, and highlights technique. It considers how analysts work, some dos, don’ts, and divisive experiments, and answers several questions: why are treatments often fixed-time sessions? Why do patients lie down on a couch during treatment? Why do analysts need to be patients? And how long should analysis last?
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(Editor), Laura Carlson, and Emile van der Zee (Editor), eds. Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development (Language and Space). Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.
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10
Carlson, Laura, and Emile van der Zee. Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2004.
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11
Zee, Emile Van Der, and Laura Carlson. Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development. Oxford University Press, 2005.
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12
Pagán Cánovas, Cristóbal, and Anna Piata. The Way Time Goes By. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0004.
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Conceptual metaphor theory has used TIME IS SPACE as the paradigmatic case of projection from a concrete to an abstract domain. More recently, within the framework of conceptual integration or blending theory, a more complex view of time–space mappings—and of mappings in general—has been proposed. Rather than a binary, unidirectional projection between the vast experiential domains of TIME and SPACE, the blending account proposes that meanings combining time and motion emerge from successive integrations within a network of relatively small conceptual packets, including event structure, motion from A to B, and a cultural mechanism for measuring duration. We examine how poetic effects can be created by using the conventional opportunities provided by this conceptual template, as well as by manipulating the path (with a linear or circular shape), one of the basic spatial features in this representation. We analyze examples in Greek, English, and Spanish.
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Thomas, Emily. Absolute Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807933.001.0001.
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What is time? Traditionally, it has been answered that time is a product of the human mind, or the motion of celestial bodies. In the mid-seventeenth century, a new kind of answer emerged: time or eternal duration is ‘absolute’, in the sense it is independent of human minds and material bodies. This study explores the development of absolute time or eternal duration during one of Britain’s richest and most creative metaphysical periods, from the 1640s to the 1730s. It features an interconnected set of main characters—Henry More, Walter Charleton, Isaac Barrow, Isaac Newton, John Locke, Samuel Clarke, and John Jackson—alongside a large and varied supporting cast, whose metaphysics are all read in their historical context and given a place in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century development of thought on time. In addition to interpreting the metaphysics of these characters, this study advances two general, developmental theses. First, the complexity of positions on time (and space) defended in early modern thought is hugely under-appreciated. Second, distinct kinds of absolutism emerged in British philosophy, helping us to understand why some absolutists considered time to be barely real, whilst others identified it with the most real being of all: God.
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Azzouni, Jody. Feature-Characterization Languages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0009.
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The language appropriate to feature metaphysics is described. This language is one that induces no commitments to objects, although it allows an expression of a commitment to the reality of ontological borders. The language resembles, on the surface, weather reports, with apparently pleonastic subject terms. Feature-characterization languages are shown to be as expressively powerful as those that utilize first-order quantification. They differ from first-order languages because the traditional predication relation (which presupposes objects and properties and relations of those objects) is replaced by an “is at” relation that presupposes none of these things. It’s also shown that the presupposition of locations (in space and time) isn’t required either. The language requires, metaphysically, only that features co-occur.
15
Eyben, Florian. Real-Time Speech and Music Classification by Large Audio Feature Space Extraction. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
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16
Eyben, Florian. Real-time Speech and Music Classification by Large Audio Feature Space Extraction. Springer, 2018.
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17
Eyben, Florian. Real-time Speech and Music Classification by Large Audio Feature Space Extraction. Springer, 2017.
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18
Glick, David, George Darby, and Anna Marmodoro, eds. The Foundation of Reality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831501.001.0001.
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Are space and time fundamental features of our world or might they emerge from something else? This volume brings together metaphysicians and philosophers of physics working on space, time, and fundamentality to address this timely question. Recent developments in the interpretation of quantum mechanics and the understanding of certain approaches to quantum gravity have led philosophers of physics to propose that space and time might be emergent rather than fundamental. But such discussions are often conducted without engagement with those working on fundamentality and related issues in contemporary metaphysics. This volume aims to correct this oversight. The diverse contributions to this volume address topics including the nature of fundamentality, the relation of space and time to quantum entanglement, and space and time in theories of quantum gravity. Only through consideration of a range of different approaches to the topic can we hope to get clear on the status of space and time in our contemporary understanding of physical reality.
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Charon, Rita. A Framework for Teaching Close Reading. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360192.003.0009.
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This chapter describes one framework for teaching close reading to groups of learners. It proposes that learners focus on one narrative feature at a time—for example, time, space, voice, and metaphor—over the course of a seminar. For each feature, students read and discuss seminal conceptual writings to situate them in the classical and contemporary critical discourse. The chapter provides capsule summaries of these four narrative features that guide students in their own close reading of texts. The discussion of temporality, for example, includes theological, philosophical, scientific, and literary/narratological writings and the close reading of literary, visual arts, and musical texts that display temporal complexity. In the chapter are described particular teaching sessions in a variety of settings where learners read and respond in writing to short texts that highlight a particular narrative feature. The teaching texts and those written by students are reproduced in the chapter.
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Westney, D. Eleanor, and Srilata Zaheer. The Multinational Enterprise as an Organization. Edited by Alan M. Rugman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234257.003.0013.
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An essential feature of the MNE is that internationalization of activities is a process that unfolds across time and space. Historically, a company typically started as a domestic enterprise and became more international over time, as the number of countries in which it operated, the number of subunits which it had to manage, and the range of activities in which it was engaged, expanded. The basic assumption that the activities and features of its organization would change predictably with internationalization has given models of the MNE a strongly evolutionary character. Although evolutionary theory has often been associated with highly deterministic theories of environmental selection, there are many variants that allow for strategic choices and for multiple evolutionary paths.
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Worth, Nancy, and Irene Hardill, eds. Researching the Lifecourse. Bristol University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46692/9781447317548.
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<i>Researching the Lifecourse</i> features methods linking time, space and mobilities, and provides practitioners with practical detail in each chapter. It covers the full lifecourse and includes innovative methods and case study examples from different European and North American contexts.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Minkowski spacetime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0019.
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This chapter presents the main features of the Minkowski spacetime, which is the geometrical framework in which the laws of relativistic dynamics are formulated. It is a very simple mathematical extension of three-dimensional Euclidean space. In special relativity, ‘relative, apparent, and common’ (in the words of Newton) space and time are represented by a mathematical set of points called events, which constitute the Minkowski spacetime. This chapter also stresses the interpretation of the fourth dimension, which in special relativity is time. Here, time now loses the ‘universal’ and ‘absolute’ nature that it had in the Newtonian theory.
23
Muller, Hermann. Neural Binding of Space and Time: Spatial and Temporal Mechanisms of Feature-Object Binding. Psychology Press, 2001.
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24
Einstein, Albert. 5 prac, które zmieniły oblicze fizyki. Edited by Roger Penrose and John Stachel. Translated by Piotr Amsterdamski. University of Warsaw Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323527787.
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The book features five articles published by Albert Einstein in 1905. Each is preceded by an introduction by the renowned physicist John Stachel, who presents Einstein’s discoveries in historical context. The publication provides insights into theories which forever changed how we understand time, space and light, and also contributed to the emergence of quantum physics.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique, Andrea Serino, Hong Yu Wong, and Alessandro Farnè, eds. The World at Our Fingertips. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851738.001.0001.
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Where do you end and the external world begin? This might seem to be a straightforward, binary question: your skin is the boundary, with the self on one side and the rest of the world on the other. Peripersonal space shows that the division is not that simple. The boundary is blurrier than you might have thought. Our ability to monitor the space near the body appears to be deeply ingrained. Our evolutionary history has equipped our brains with a special mechanism to track multisensory stimuli that can potentially interact with our physical body in its immediate surroundings and prime appropriate actions. The processing of the immediate space around one’s body thus displays highly specific multisensory and motor features, distinct from those that characterize the processing of regions of space that are further away. The computational specificities here lead one to wonder whether classic theories of perception apply to the special case of peripersonal space. We think that there is a need to reassess the relationship between perception, action, emotion, and self-awareness in the highly special context of the immediate surroundings of our body. For the first time, leading experts on peripersonal space in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, and ethology gathered in this volume describe the vast number of fascinating discoveries about this special way of representing space. For the first time too, these empirical results and the questions they open are brought into dialogue with philosophy.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Graphs on structured spaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0010.
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This chapter moves beyond viewing nodes as homogeneous dots set on a plane. To introduce more complicated underlying space, multiplex networks (which are defined with layers of interaction on the same underlying node set) and temporal (time-dependent) networks are discussed. It shown that despite the much more complicated underlying space, many of the techniques developed in earlier chapters can be applied. Heterogeneous nodes are introduced as an extension of the stochastic block model for community structure, then extended using methods developed in earlier chapters to more general (continuous) node attributes such as fitness. The chapter closes with a discussion of the intersections and similarities between the many alternative models for capturing topological features that have been presented in the book.
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Shalev, Arieh Y., and Charles R. Marmar. Conceptual History of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0001.
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This chapter illustrates the conceptual and historical background of our current understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the implication of that history for current and future research and practice. It follows two parallel paths, conceptual and chronological, showing a progression in defining, recognizing, and diagnosing PTSD, The chapter discusses a stable conceptual space within which key clinical features of PTSD are conserved across time and cultures. The chapter also considers recent conceptual and definitional challenges emanating from new computational tools and advances in neurobehavioral research.
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Nurse, Derek. Language Change and Movement as Seen by Historical Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0002.
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The focus of this chapter is on how languages move and change over time and space. The perceptions of historical linguists have been shaped by what they were observing. During the flowering of comparative linguistics, from the late 19th into the 20th century, the dominant view was that in earlier times when people moved, their languages moved with them, often over long distances, sometimes fast, and that language change was largely internal. That changed in the second half of the 20th century. We now recognize that in recent centuries and millennia, most movements of communities and individuals have been local and shorter. Constant contact between communities resulted in features flowing across language boundaries, especially in crowded and long-settled locations such as most of Central and West Africa. Although communities did mix and people did cross borders, it became clear that language and linguistic features could also move without communities moving.
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Hermann, Christoph, and Mark Elliott. Neural Binding of Space and Time : Spatial and Temporal Mechanisms of Feature-Object Binding: A Special Issue of Visual Cognition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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30
Brant, Jo-Ann A. The Fourth Gospel as Narrative and Drama. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.11.
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This chapter examines the development and trajectories of the study of the Gospel of John as a unified narrative, Johannine literary techniques, and how the experience of the reader becomes a significant focus of research. Besides looking at the role of recognition and reversals in the Gospel’s plot and the distinctive features of Johannine characterization, special attention is given to the use of techniques that give the Gospel a dramatic quality. These include such things as the use of direct speech to tell the story and to serve as the main action, Johannine construction of space and time to provide a sense of ‘lived experience’, and the role of irony and suspense as a means of engaging the reader.
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Brown, Ruth Nicole. Black Women Remember Black Girls. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037979.003.0003.
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This chapter shows how Black girlhood must be made—in SOLHOT the space of Black girlhood is made through time, a timing that is infused with the sacred and spirit. In SOLHOT, to “homegirl” means engaging Black girls in the name of Black girlhood as sacred work that implicates time. Sacred work acknowledges the ways spirit moves one to act, often beyond the material conditions of one's immediate circumstance. The chapter considers how homegirls remember SOLHOT as a sacred experience that makes Black girlhood possible. It then features a creative and collective memory constructed from the interview transcripts of eight SOLHOT homegirls and M. Jacqui Alexander's (2005) Pedagogies of Crossing: Mediations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory, and the Sacred. The memory shows how homegirls' labor constructs SOLHOT as a methodology and cosmology that makes Black girlhood possible, affirms Black girls' lives, and enables personal and collective transformation.
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Fuerst, Ilyse Morgenstein, and Brannon M. Wheeler, eds. Words of Experience: Translating Islam with Carl W. Ernst. Equinox Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781799116.
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Carl W. Ernst devoted his academic life to translating Islam, linguistically and culturally, typically within the intellectual context of Religious Studies. His work has focused on how Islamic concepts have travelled across time and space, and his influence on Islamic Studies and Religious Studies is far-reaching. This volume features contributions from long-standing colleagues, scholars whose own work has built on Ernst’s contributions, and former students. It looks at themes in Islamic Studies that Ernst has addressed and expands on his major contributions. Essays in this volume touch nearly every major element in Islamic Studies – from the Qur’an to Sufism, Islamophobia to South Asian Islam, historical and contemporary praxis, music and more. This collection demonstrates one core tenet of Ernst’s work, specifically the argument that Islam is not rooted in one place, time or language, but is a vast network, routed through myriad places, times and languages.
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Ghavami, Golnaz Modarresi. Phonetics. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.4.
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This chapter discusses the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sound system of Standard Modern Persian. It starts with a brief review of early work on the sound system of New Persian and its development into Modern Persian. The second section examines consonants and vowels in Standard Modern Persian. In this section, issues such as place and manner of articulation of consonants, Voice Onset Time and its importance in distinguishing voiced and voiceless obstruents, the acoustics of glottal consonants, sibilant and non-sibilant fricatives, and rhotics are discussed. The section on vowels addresses vowel space, vowel length, and the acoustics of diphthongs in Standard Modern Persian. The phonetics of the suprasegmental features of stress and intonation are the topic a final section in this chapter.
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Smith, Alex D., and Andrew H. Hedges. Joseph Smith’s Nauvoo Journals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190274375.003.0009.
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In “Joseph Smith’s Nauvoo Journals,” Alex D. Smith and Andrew H. Hedges provide a thorough analysis of the journals kept in Nauvoo, Illinois, during the last two and half years of Joseph Smith’s life. The article discusses several features of these journals, including their creation at the hands of several scribes, their more corporate—rather than personal—tone, and their connections with Smith’s efforts to create an official history of the church. Significant space is also devoted to the relationships the journals share with other documents created and kept at the time. Smith and Hedges conclude with an overview of the contents of the journals and an evaluation of the contributions they make to understanding the final years of Smith’s life and the Nauvoo era of Mormon history.
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Rudavsky, T. M. Philosophical Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580903.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 presents a more careful examination of the natural order, focusing upon both the natural world that comprises the “sublunar” sphere (viz., the space between the earth and the moon) and the heavenly bodies that comprise the “superlunar” (above the moon). In the sublunary world, it is necessary to focus upon those features of the natural order, including in particular time, place, and void. The chapter discusses the rival cosmologies of Aristotle and Ptolemy; the Greek and secular antecedents; astrology in the Jewish world; and the astrological determinism with reference to Ibn Ezra, Maimonides, and Gersonides. Finally, serious note must be taken of those events that, contravening the natural order, fall into the general category of miraculous. How, in a cosmology ruled by law and order, can miracles be explained?
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Chidester, David. Space. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.23.
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Theories of religious space can be divided between those that focus on poetic meaning, political power, or material production. Religious space can be based on structural oppositions, such as the indigenous opposition between home and wild space and the colonial opposition between land and sea. The production of religious space commonly establishes barriers, but instances of shared religious space can be found in Africa, India, and elsewhere. Competition over the ownership of a place is a recurring feature of the dynamics of religious space, as illustrated by the conflict between Hindus and Muslims over the site in Ayodhya in India. With the rise of modern nations, religious space is increasingly managed by state apparatuses, and at the same time dispersed through transnational social networks in diaspora. Religious space is also powerful as an arena for asserting claims to access, control, and ultimately ownership of the sacred.
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Bogdanova, Olga A. Russian Estate and Europe: Diachrony, Nostalgia, Universalism. А.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0623-9.
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The book brings together articles by 24 authors, distributed into three problematic and thematic sections: a diachronic view of the Russian estate, estates of the Russian emigration, estates of European countries. A number of constant features of the Russian literary estate and cottages (storehouse of culture, moral space, the core of national identity, the concept of “non-city” in mass society, etc.) are highlighted in a comparative and diachronic analysis. The structure-forming potential and references of the “estate-dacha topos” in the foreign culture of Russian emigrants of the ХХth century disclosed in the works by I.A. Bunin, V.V. Nabokov, B.K. Zaitsev, L.F. Zurov, I.S. Shmelev, V.A. Nikiforov-Volgin of the 1920–1960s and in the Russian-language periodicals of France, Germany, Latvia, Estonia of the 1920–1930s. The most important topic of the book is the search for the origins of the Russian estate phenomenon in world culture, along with its involvement in the spectrum of similar phenomena in other national literatures (Greek, Polish, English, Belgian). The isomorphism of the estate space in Russia and other European countries allows us to speak of the “estate topos” as a universality. The publication is addressed to humanities professionals, primarily philo- logists, and at the same time to a wide circle of students and interested readers.
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Torma, Franziska, ed. A Cultural History Of The Sea in the Global Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207249.
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In 1972 an image became an icon: ‘Blue Marble’, a photograph of the Earth as seen from outer space. The picture features prominently the globe’s water-covered surface. The ocean connects nature and culture in the modern world. Within the time-span of 100 years, the sea changed its cultural meaning, from a dangerous place to an endangered environment. This volume traces diverse processes of oceanic transformation in the Anthropocene: it follows scientists, seafarers, diplomats and filmmakers from ship-decks to the arenas of political decision making on land. The essays lead from underwater dumping grounds to islands in the south pacific. Tiny organisms like plankton and charismatic megafauna like whales accompanied the human voyages. The presence of the animals challenges common notions of human culture. The global age has to take nonhuman agents into account to fully understand the cultural history of the seas.
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Suprun, Sergey P., Anatoly P. Suprun, and Victor F. Petrenko. Schrödinger's Cat Smile. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150496641220201.
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The book presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the context of quantum physics experiments and the function of the human mind that makes it possible to demonstrate that an object-based model of reality formed at the level of the unconscious is the basis of our worldview. The consciousness experiences a time flow because of the specific features of perception in the form of a model with a sequential fixation of events. Together with the need to relate objects in terms of the model, this generates a space-time representation of the world around us. Acceptance of a mental character of our construct of reality allows for resolution of the problems in quantum physics and its paradoxes, thereby opening the way to an insight into reality. The presented material is organized in a specific order to facilitate the reader`s understanding. First, the fact that if there are no objects in the area of quantum mechanics, then they belong to the corresponding model rather than the reality is proved by case studies of the most discussed and relevant paradoxes of quantum physics. The authors consider a topological variant in constructing an object-based space that describes the physical properties of an object that are the most verified in science and describable with mathematical relations. The functionality of the proposed construct is tested by deriving the laws of conservation of energy and momentum in a relativistic form. The book is oriented towards experts in physics and psychology, advanced students, and readers interested in state-of-the-art science and the philosophy connected to it.
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Campbell, John, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss. Hard Scattering Formalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0002.
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The hard scattering formalism is introduced, starting from a physical picture based on the idea of equivalent quanta borrowed from QED, and the notion of characteristic times. Contact to the standard QCD treatment is made after discussing the running coupling and the Altarelli–Parisi equations for the evolution of parton distribution functions, both for QED and QCD. This allows a development of a space-time picture for hard interactions in hadron collisions, integrating hard production cross sections, initial and final state radiation, hadronization, and multiple parton scattering. The production of a W boson at leading and next-to leading order in QCD is used to exemplify characteristic features of fixed-order perturbation theory, and the results are used for some first phenomenological considerations. After that, the analytic resummation of the W boson transverse momentum is introduced, giving rise to the notion of a Sudakov form factor. The probabilistic interpretation of the Sudakov form factor is used to discuss patterns in jet production in electron-positron annihilation.
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Cunningham, Scott, and Manisha Shah, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199915248.001.0001.
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Prostitution is one of the least understood occupations but appears to have all the features of traditional markets: prices, supply and demand considerations, variety in the organizational structure, and policy relevance. These are keystones of economics analysis. Greater access to data has enabled economists to build better theories and gain a better understanding of the organization of sex market. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution is a comprehensive economic analysis of prostitution. It examines how prostitution markets are organized across space and time, the role of technology in shaping labor supply and demand, the intersection of prostitution with trafficking, and the optimal use of law enforcement. Among the issues addressed are the determination of sex worker prices, sexual assault and sex workers, bargaining, and STD transmission in sex work. What makes the material unique is its explicit focus on economics as the primary methodology for organizing our understanding of prostitution. It sheds light on underground markets, labor economics, risky behaviors, marriage, and gender.
42
Yli-Vakkuri, Juhani, and John Hawthorne. Truth-conditionality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785965.003.0003.
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In Chapter 2 we argue that internalists are committed to a kind of relativism, and that theirs is a particularly radical form of relativism. Thought experiments involving certain symmetries across space and/or time play a starring role. If the kinds of symmetries featured in them are possible, we argue, the truth values of narrow content must be relative to some very unusual parameters.
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Tanis, Martin. Online social support groups. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0010.
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To give and receive social support is an important aspect of social interaction, and since the Internet has become more and more integrated with everyday life, it is no surprise that much social support is exchanged online. Features of computer-mediated communication (CMC) offer possibilities for social support in a manner that would be less easy or even impossible in a face-to-face context. This article focuses on three key elements that are often mentioned when social consequences of CMC are discussed: the possibility to communicate relatively anonymously, the text-based character, and the opportunities it provides for expanding social networks without being hindered by time and space barriers. It addresses how these may affect support seeking, and argues that interacting in online social support groups holds great potential for people who seek support, but may also contain some potential hazards. However, even though the body of research is growing, we still know fairly little about how online social-support groups affect the well-being of people who are in need of support.
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Schrag, Brian, and Kathleen J. Van Buren. Analyze Genres and Events. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878276.003.0005.
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Step 4, the bulk of the Guide, comprises three parts: Part A, “Describe the Event and Its Genre(s) as a Whole”; Part B, “Explore the Event’s Genre(s) through Artistic Domain Categories”; and Part C, “Relate the Event’s Genre(s) to Its Broader Cultural Context.” Part A teaches readers how to collect information about an event and its genres. It advises readers to explore an event by looking through seven “lenses”: space, materials, participant organization, shape of an event through time, performance features, content, and underlying symbolic systems. Part B applies the seven lenses to exposing which—if any—elements of the following five artistic domain categories occur in the event: music, dance, drama, oral verbal arts, and visual arts. These arts are addressed in turn, so that readers can jump to the sections that relate most closely to their work. Part C helps readers to connect artistry in an event with broader cultural contexts. Numerous research questions, suggested activities, and practical examples are provided throughout Step 4.
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Yli-Vakkuri, Juhani, and John Hawthorne. Rationality and narrow content. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785965.003.0005.
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In Chapter 4 we ask whether a range of epistemological properties and relations pertaining to apriority can be explained by any kind of narrow content, and we come to a pessimistic conclusion. Thought experiments involving certain symmetries across space and/or time again play a starring role. We argue that, if the kinds of symmetries that feature in those thought experiments are possible, then narrow content cannot be used for explaining a priority and related properties and relations.
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Smeenk, Chris, and Christian Wüthrich. Time Travel and Time Machines. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0021.
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This chapter examines the logical, metaphysical, and physical possibility of time travel understood in the sense of the existence of closed worldlines that can be traced out by physical objects, arguing that none of the purported paradoxes rule out time travel on the grounds of either logic or metaphysics. More relevantly, modern space–time theories such as general relativity seem to permit models that feature closed worldlines. The chapter discusses what this apparent physical possibility of time travel means, and, furthermore, reviews the recent literature on so-called time machines, of devices that produce closed worldlines where none would have existed otherwise. Finally, it investigates what the implications of the quantum behavior of matter might be for the possibility of time travel, and explicates in what sense time travel might be possible according to leading contenders for full quantum theories of gravity such as string theory and loop quantum gravity.
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Larsen, Timothy, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Christmas. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198831464.001.0001.
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Christmas is an unrivalled annual celebration. This volume traces its history from the early Church’s decision to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ on 25 December through the medieval period and all the way into the twenty-first century. It explores Christmas around the world, including in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, as well as Europe and North America. It also presents the variety of ways that worshipping communities observe the festival from Roman Catholics to Reformed Protestants. All of the features of the Nativity Story are covered from the Holy Family to the Magi and the Star, as are the biblical and theological unpinning of Christmas, including the doctrines of the Incarnation and the Virgin Birth. Carols and music, as well as paintings, literature, and film and television, are all treated by experts, as are the more cultural aspects of the season ranging from Santa Claus to Christmas trees to food and drink. Finally, societal issues related to the law, secularity, commercialism, and consumerism are addressed as well. In other words, this volume aims at comprehensive treatment of Christmas across time, space, cultures, and the varieties of religious and secular contexts.
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McIlvenna, Una. Singing the News of Death. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197551851.001.0001.
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Abstract From the dawn of printing until the late nineteenth century, all over Europe the news of criminals and their brutal public executions was routinely put into song form and sold in the streets. But why would someone want to sing about such a macabre subject? Singing the News of Death explores the hugely popular phenomenon of execution ballads in Europe from the early modern period onwards, revealing how song was employed for centuries as a common means of informing society about the news of public executions. It examines how these ballads, usually cheaply printed and sold by itinerant peddlers, framed the news of crime and punishment, and how the unique features of song—rhythm, rhyme, and melody—presented information about criminals in a way that prose accounts could not. Based on a study of over a thousand ballads in English, French, German, Dutch, and Italian, from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries, Singing the News of Death reveals extraordinary continuities across time and space. While attention is paid to regional variations, the book demonstrates how popular and enduring the tradition of singing (often graphically violent) ballads about criminals was for centuries across Europe.
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Fennell, Christopher C. The Archaeology of Craft and Industry. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069043.001.0001.
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Archaeologists investigating sites of craft and industrial enterprise often puzzle over a domain of bewildering ruins. Locations of remarkable energy, tumult, and creativity now stand silent. This book provides an overview of the archaeology of American craft and industrial enterprises, outlines developments in theories, research questions, and interpretative frameworks, and presents case studies from a wide range of subjects. Research focused on industrial enterprises traverses a spectrum of perspectives. Some limit their efforts to recording, mapping, and studying the mechanics of a site. Others examine comparative questions of changes of technologies over time and space. Many analysts look away from the buildings and equipment of the workplace and focus instead on the workers, their families, residences, lifeways, and health experiences. With many sites presenting standing ruins, historians and archaeologists often encounter local stakeholder groups who wish to promote heritage themes and tourism potentials. All of these perspectives can be pursued with significant advances in research and curation methods. Investigations often range from microscopic analysis of product constituents to large-scale, three-dimensional recording of locations and features with high-resolution laser technologies. Past debates questioned whether primary emphasis should be on heritage recording or on archaeological research questions. More recent trends focus on collaborations across interest groups.
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Allen, Nicholas, Nick Groom, and Jos Smith. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795155.003.0001.
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In 1967, Benoît Mandelbrot suggested a mathematical conundrum that involved answering the seemingly straightforward question, ‘How long is the coast of Britain?’1 The answer is surprisingly elusive and dependent on the scale at which one is looking. Increasing the scale unearths greater detail, time and time again, and so the answer grows the closer one looks. The problem is that any measure, at however small a scale, is forced to simplify complex ambiguities that might otherwise reveal further intricacies of their own. This was an entry-point to Mandlebrot’s writings on fractal geometry, but it also chimes with the very ecology and geomorphology of that coast itself, characteristically intricate, ambiguous, and changeable. Large-scale, ocean-facing landforms—such as capes and bays, estuaries, dunefields, and reefs—are well known to have, nestled within them, smaller and often dynamically mobile features such as longshore bars and troughs, berms and beach cusps, not to mention difficult-to-measure caves, inlets, tributaries, and salt marshes. Looking closer still are to be found the ripples, rills, and swash marks of a more minute scale; even within these are to be found the bioturbation structures of intertidal organisms: forms within forms, scales within scales, and worlds within worlds. In the way that it draws the attention down into such minute details as these, while at the same time drawing it up towards an expanse that suggests a space almost planetary in scale, the coast is a highly distinctive geographical environment. And yet it has all too often been overlooked, as if its peripheral relationship to the land has reinforced its peripheral treatment culturally....