Journal articles on the topic 'Space Heating and Cooling'
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1
Jiang, Ai Guo, and Xiao Zhong Wang. "Experimental Investigation of a Multifunctional Solar Assisted Heat Pump in Space Cooling Integrated Water Heating Mode and Space Cooling only Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.904.
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A prototype of a Multifunctional Solar Assisted Heat Pump (MSAHP) system is designed in the study. The system integrates a heat pump water heater, a conventional air-conditioning unit and a solar water heater, and takes advantage of their multiple functions in terms of solar and heat pump water heating, space cooling only, space cooling integrated water heating, and air-source/water-source heat pump space heating. The principle and different operating modes of the system are presented. The experimental study of the prototype of the MSAHP in the space cooling integrated water heating mode was conducted. The results indicate that the combined energy efficiency ratio (EERc) of the system fluctuated between 3.39 and 6.20 in this mode. Experiment was also conducted to test the relevant performance functions of the system in the space cooling only mode. The results show that the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of space cooling only mode is 2.61.
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Zhang, Wei, Xianzhao Yang, Tao Wang, Xueyuan Peng, and Xiaolin Wang. "Experimental Study of a Gas Engine-driven Heat Pump System for Space Heating and Cooling." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 2282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091411.
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In this paper, the performance of a gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) was experimentally studied for space heating and cooling. An experimental test facility was developed for this purpose. The effect of key parameters on system performance was investigated under both cooling and heating modes. The results showed that as the engine speed increased from 1400 to 2000 rpm, the cooling and heating capacities increased by 23% and 28.5%, respectively while the GEHP system Primary Energy Ratio (PER) decreased by 13.5% and 11.7% in the cooling and heating modes, respectively. The system PER in the cooling mode was found lower than that in the heating mode. This indicated that heat recovery from the engine cylinder and exhaust gas was very important for improving the GEHP system performance. In the heating mode, the ambient temperature and condenser water flow rate had a large effect on the system heating capacity and PER, and insignificant effect on the gas energy input. In the cooling mode, the chilled water inlet temperature showed a large effect on both cooling capacity and gas energy input while the chilled water flow rate had a large effect on cooling capacity and insignificant effect on the gas energy input.
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Yoo, Seung-Ho. "Thermal Behavior of Passive Intelligent Radiant Cooling Systems." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122666.
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Efficient cooling and heating solutions for nearly zero-energy solar dwellings are required to mitigate climate change and to make dwellings sustainable. The installed pipeline for a radiant heating system, which is only used for space heating when heating is necessary, can also be used to cool the room with only the enthalpic use of natural city water by releasing the natural city water through the embedded pipeline already installed for radiant heating. Natural city water used for radiant cooling can be used in necessary locations such as for toilets, washing cars, laundry facilities, and garden water, which corresponds to approximately 56% of the water we use at home. As a result, the embedded pipes that make up a radiant heating system can be converted to a passive intelligent radiant cooling system with minimal added installation and control systems. Thermal comfort and behavior analyses in an enclosure with a radiant cooling system are fulfilled through experimentation, mean radiant temperature simulation, and asymmetric radiation calculation. No uncomfortable asymmetric radiation is encountered during the cooling period, so the cooling spaces are well controlled within the comfortable cooling range. A passive intelligent radiant cooling system that uses just the enthalpy of natural city water can be an appropriate ecological solution to better develop zero-energy dwellings. No extra cooling energy and power are required to cool a space that uses just enthalpy and pressure from natural city water.
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Ning, Jing Hong, and Sheng Chun Liu. "Design and Performance Analysis on CO2 Combined System in Supermarket." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1219.
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This paper reports a combined space cooling, space heating, water heating and food refrigeration system (named CO2 combined system) in supermarket. This system using CO2 as the working fluid consists of a two-stage CO2 transcritical cycle used for food refrigeration, a single-stage CO2 transcritical cycle for space cooling in summer and space heating in winter. The waste heat emitted from the CO2 gas cooling in food refrigeration cycle and space cooling and space heating cycles is recovered by heat recover exchanger and is used to provide hot water for space heating and for general usage, such as the catering, the washing and the toilet facilities in the supermarket. So this CO2 combined system improves the coefficient of performance, decreases the energy consumption as well as reduces the heat pollution. Moreover, this CO2 combined system is compared with typical conventional supermarket technology, the results show that the energy consumption of CO2 combined system is reduced largely and energy efficiency is increased obviously. It can be concluded that the CO2 combined system has a good future for protecting environment and saving energy.
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Tuladhar, Prerana. "Gender and Energy for Space Heating and Cooling." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32224.
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Energy is one of the crucial aspects now-a-days to be considered from the household chores to the educational, transportation, industrial and many other sectors. Apart from cooking, space heating and cooling also have greater impact as buildings consume about 40% of world’s energy use and major part of energy is used for space heating and cooling [1]. Gender is another aspect that should be taken in to consideration in the energy sector. Discrimination between men and women, either it may be in the knowledge regarding energy sector, profession, application and practices etc. is seen in our society. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the impacts of space heating and cooling in the energy consumption pattern of Residential buildings. This paper explores how the gender issues in the energy sector can be addressed and how can it lead towards the sustainable development of the society and then nation. At the same time, paper highlights the changes and improvements in the energy consumption pattern with the enrollment of women in the energy sector. The conclusions are derived from the several literature studies and explorative data analysis with the concern of gender relation with the energy efficiency in the space heating and cooling of residential buildings.
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Kulkarni, Shubham S. "A Glance on Radiant Cooling Technology for Heating and Cooling for Residential and Commercial Building Application." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics and Computational Fluid Dynamics 07, no. 3&4 (November 6, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7661.202005.
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As we know that nowadays due to the hot and humid weather and the increasing temperature the high amount of energy consumption is used for the heating & cooling purpose in residential as well as in commercial building for air conditioning systems. To overcome this problem and to reduce the energy consumption as well as good thermal comfort to people in the indoor environment, use the radiant heating & cooling system is a better way. This concept is used to cool or heat the room and absorbs the indoor sensible heat by thermal radiation. The system removes heat by using less energy and more energy-efficient. This system uses water as a medium to cool or heat the room space. There are three types discussed in these papers for cooling & heating. In this paper, we did an overall study regarding radiant heating and cooling systems. It reduces the energy lost due to the duct leakage. It also has a lower life cycle cost compared to conventional. In this paper, we have reviewed how to reduce energy consumption and give thermal comfortable air-condition through radiant cooling and chilled ceiling panel system.
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Zhoolideh Haghighi, Mohammad H., Niayesh Afshordi, and Habib G. Khosroshahi. "Cooling+Heating Flows in Galaxy Clusters: Turbulent Heating, Spectral Modeling, and Cooling Efficiency." Astrophysical Journal 884, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab379c.
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Molina, Cristina E., Matti Lehtonen, and Merkebu Degefa. "Heat Gains, Heating and Cooling in Nordic Housing with Electrical Space Heating." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 10, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v10i5.7185.
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Andjelkovic, Bojan, Branislav Stojanovic, Mladen Stojiljkovic, Jelena Janevski, and Milica Stojanovic. "Thermal mass impact on energy performance of a low, medium and heavy mass building in Belgrade." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120409182a.
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Heavy mass materials used in building structures and architecture can significantly affect building energy performance and occupant comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if thermal mass can improve the internal environment of a building, resulting in lower energy requirements from the mechanical systems. The study was focused on passive building energy performance and compared annual space heating and cooling energy requirements for an office building in Belgrade with several different applications of thermal mass. A three-dimensional building model was generated to represent a typical office building. Building shape, orientation, glazing to wall ratio, envelope insulation thickness, and indoor design conditions were held constant while location and thickness of building mass (concrete) was varied between cases in a series of energy simulations. The results were compared and discussed in terms of the building space heating and cooling energy and demand affected by thermal mass. The simulation results indicated that with addition of thermal mass to the building envelope and structure: 100% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space heating energy requirements, 67% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space cooling energy requirements, 83% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space heating demand and 50% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space cooling demand. The study demonstrated that there exists a potential for reducing space heating and cooling energy requirements with heavy mass construction in the analyzed climate region (Belgrade, Serbia).
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Pavlovski, Georgi, and Edward C. D. Pope. "Stochastic heating of cooling flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 399, no. 4 (November 11, 2009): 2195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15424.x.
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Hirose, S., and N. J. Turner. "HEATING AND COOLING PROTOSTELLAR DISKS." Astrophysical Journal 732, no. 2 (April 19, 2011): L30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/l30.
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Xu, Aixiang, Mengjin Xu, Nan Xie, Yawen Xiong, Junze Huang, Yingjie Cai, Zhiqiang Liu, and Sheng Yang. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hybrid System Coupled Cooling, Heating and Liquid Dehumidification Powered by Geothermal Energy." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 6084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196084.
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The utilization of geothermal energy is favorable for the improvement of energy efficiency. A hybrid system consisting of a seasonal heating and cooling cycle, an absorption refrigeration cycle and a liquid dehumidification cycle is proposed to meet dehumidification, space cooling and space heating demands. Geothermal energy is utilized effectively in a cascade approach. Six performance indicators, including humidity efficiency, enthalpy efficiency, moisture removal rate, coefficient of performance, cooling capacity, and heating capacity, are developed to analyze the proposed system. The effect of key design parameters in terms of desiccant concentration, air humidity, air temperature, refrigeration temperature and segment temperature on the performance indicators are investigated. The simulation results indicated that the increase of the desiccant concentration makes the enthalpy efficiency, the coefficient of performance, the moisture removal rate and the cooling capacity increase and makes the humidity efficiency decrease. With the increase of air humidity, the humidity efficiency and moisture removal rate for the segment temperatures from 100 to 130 °C are approximately invariant. The decreasing rates of the humidity efficiency and the moisture removal rate with the segment temperature of 140 °C increases respectively. Six indicators, except the cooling capacity and heating capacity, decrease with an increase of air temperature. The heating capacity decreases by 49.88% with the reinjection temperature increasing from 70 to 80 °C. This work proposed a potential system to utilize geothermal for the dehumidification, space cooling and space heating effectively.
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Kanog˘lu, M., Y. A. C¸engel, and R. H. Turner. "Incorporating a District Heating/Cooling System Into an Existing Geothermal Power Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795031.
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Geothermal energy has been used for power generation, space and process heating, and to a lesser extent, space cooling. However, it is rarely used for cogeneration. This paper shows how a district heating/cooling system can be incorporated into an existing geothermal power plant to make the best use of extracted hot brine. In the power plant analysis, exergy destruction throughout the plant is quantified and illustrated using an exergy cascade. The primary source of exergy destruction in the plant is determined to be the reinjection of used brine into the ground, which accounts for 48.1 percent of the total exergy destruction. The overall first and the second law efficiencies of the plant are calculated to be 5.6 and 28.3 percent, respectively, based on the exergy of the geothermal fluid at downwell, and 5.7 and 28.6 percent, respectively, based on the exergy of the geothermal fluid at wellhead. A binary system is considered for the heating/cooling district to avoid corrosion and scaling problems. The heating system, as designed, has the capability to meet the entire needs of the Reno Industrial Park under peak load conditions, and has 30 percent reserve for future expansion. An absorption system will be used for the cooling of the intended 40 percent floor space of the industrial park. An economic analysis shows that the incorporation of the district heating/cooling system with 2,785,000 m2 of floor space connected to the geothermal grid appears to be feasible, and financially very attractive. Further, using the returning freshwater from the district heating/cooling system for partial cooling of the binary fluid of the power plant can save up to 15 percent of the fan work.
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Vallès, Manel, Mahmoud Bourouis, and Dieter Boer. "Solar-driven absorption cycle for space heating and cooling." Applied Thermal Engineering 168 (March 2020): 114836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114836.
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Arunwattana, Weerawoot. "Heat Pump Design for Simultaneous Cooling Space and Heating Water Coupled with Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger as Secondary Heat Sink." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 6 (February 25, 2022): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2899.
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A heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) is more efficient in energy and beneficial
in use than a reversible heat pump which works in either direction to provide heating or cooling. A HPS is usually coupled with a thermal storage tank for possibly operating in 3 modes: heating mode, cooling mode, and simultaneous heating and cooling mode. To improve the HPS performance in heating mode or cooling mode, the HPS should be installed an auxiliary equipment in order to reject overheat in the system or to absorb supplemental heat into the system. This paper proposed a design of a HPS for cooling space and hot water production coupled with a horizontally shallow earth-tube heat exchanger as secondary heat sink for Thai residences in which the main components in the design are composed of the condenser and the earth tube heat exchanger. The coefficients of performance (COP) of the HPS were evaluated by the experiments. The results showed that it could work the best performance when it worked in simultaneous cooling and heating mode at the water flow rate of 6.0 L/min with the coefficient of performance (COP) of 6.3±3.1 %. The HPS had high efficiency and it worked continuously in cooling mode when it operated in the nighttime with the average COP of 4.3±14.5 %. However, an efficiency of the HPS was declined when heat gain in the conditioned room is significantly increased by high intensity of solar radiation in the daytime with the average COP of 2.5±14.5 %.
HIGHLIGHTS
Energy used for cooling or heating systems such as air-conditioning and hot water production is predominantly effect to total energy use in residential sector in many countries including Thailand
A heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) for cooling space and hot water production coupled with thermal storage tank and a horizontally shallow earth-tube heat exchanger as secondary heat sink were designed for Thai residences
This HPS could work the best performance when it worked in simultaneous cooling and heating mode
For only cooling mode, this HPS worked continuously with high performance when it operated in the nighttime but in the daytime it still worked continuously with lower performance
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Robinson, David, Camille Avestruz, and Nickolay Y. Gnedin. "Can Cooling and Heating Functions Be Modeled with Homogeneous Radiation Fields?" Astrophysical Journal 936, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac85e1.
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Abstract Cooling and heating functions describe how radiative processes impact the thermal state of a gas as a function of its temperature and other physical properties. In a most general case the functions depend on the detailed distributions of ionic species and on the radiation spectrum. Hence, these functions may vary on a very wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, we explore cooling and heating functions between 5 ≤ z ≤ 10 in simulated galaxies from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers project. We compare three functions: (1) the actual cooling and heating rates of hydrodynamic cells as a function of cell temperature, (2) the median cooling and heating functions computed using median interstellar medium (ISM) properties (median ISM), and (3) the median of the cooling and heating functions of all gas cells (instantaneous). We find that the median ISM and instantaneous approaches to finding a median cooling and heating function give identical results within the spread due to cell-to-cell variation. However, the actual cooling (heating) rates experienced by the gas at different temperatures in the simulations do not correspond to either summarized cooling (heating) functions. In other words, the thermodynamics of the gas in the simulations cannot be described by a single set of a cooling plus a heating function with a spatially constant radiation field that could be computed with common tools, such as CLOUDY.
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Al-Smairan, Mohammad, Moayyad Shawaqfah, and Fares AlMomani. "Techno-Economic Investigation of an Integrated Boiler–Solar Water Heating/Cooling System: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010001.
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With the increase in oil prices, developing nations end up paying expensive electricity and heating bill. This leading study investigates the experimental development of a new energy-saving system by integrating a solar water heater and solar cooling absorption cycle with a conventional boiler for domestic hot water and heating purposes. The heating and cooling load calculations for space heating of the building were calculated using TRNSYS 14.1 computer software and the results were used in calculating the energy-saving value. A 65 flat plate solar collector-chiller system with a total surface area of 130 m2 was integrated with the boiler and used to supply heating and cooling for a three-story building (1500 m2) in Al Bayt University, Jordan. The integrated system helped to save energy, reduced the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, supplied hot water, and space heating/cooling requirements to the building year-round, and reduced the overall energy cost of heating and cooling by 55% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, the techno-economic analysis showed that the payback period of the combined system with a total cost of $18,650 is roughly 2.5-year. The solar water heating/cooling system has the potential to provide more than 50% of the house energy demand free of charge with a significant reduction in carbon footprint.
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Dhepe, Nimish, and Raahul Krishna. "A Review of the Advancements in Geothermal Heating and Cooling System." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15874.
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The increasing demand for energy and the depleting fossil fuels have fuelled explorations in new frontiers of Renewable Energy Technology. Geothermal Heating and Cooling is a new advancement in HVAC industry of India. It uses earth’s heat for space heating and cooling with the use of Heat Pump systems, saving up to 51% electricity consumption in HVAC, and reduced CO2 emissions. The main prospects of Geothermal Energy are longer equipment life and lower operating costs. This paper reviews the recent advancements in Geothermal Heating and Cooling System.
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Byrne, Paul. "Research Summary and Literature Review on Modelling and Simulation of Heat Pumps for Simultaneous Heating and Cooling for Buildings." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103529.
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A heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) is a refrigeration machine by which the productions of heating and cooling energies are simultaneously valorized. This introductory article presents the uses of heat pump productions under the form of an analysis of thermal demands of different types of buildings and a literature review of real installations and experimental systems, which are the basis of the construction of numerical models. The applications of HPSs are diverse: space heating and cooling, domestic hot water (DHW), hot water for desalination process, etc. Means and methods for improving the performance of refrigeration cycles and the management of heat and cold productions are developed, including modeling and simulation. New refrigeration circuit architectures were designed. A focus is paid on refrigerants. Prototypes combining heating-cooling, heating-cooling-DHW and cooling-desalination have been developed, built and tested to validate the models. Even though a strong simultaneity of thermal demands is essential, the results show that HPSs are generally very efficient systems.
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Huber, David, Viktoria Illyés, Veronika Turewicz, Gregor Götzl, Andreas Hammer, and Karl Ponweiser. "Novel District Heating Systems: Methods and Simulation Results." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154450.
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Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5th DHC) systems offer promising approaches to decarbonizing space heating, cooling and domestic hot water supply. By using these systems, clustered buildings combined with industrial waste heat can achieve a net-zero energy balance on a variety of time scales. Thanks to the low exergy approach, these systems are highly efficient. As part of the Smart Anergy Quarter Baden (SANBA) project, the thermal energy grid simulation tool TEGSim has been further developed and used to design an ultra-low-temperature district heating (ULTDH) network with hydraulic and thermal components fitted to the specific regional characteristics of the investigated case. Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) used as seasonal storage ensures long-term feasibility. The annual discrepancy of input of thermal energy provided by space cooling and output of energy demanded by space heating and domestic hot water is supplied by an external low-grade industrial waste heat source. This paper presents the functionality of the simulation and shows how to interpret the findings concerning the design of all components and their interplay, energy consumption and efficiencies.
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Bloemendal, M., M. S. van Esch, P. J. Vardon, J. J. Pape, and N. Hartog. "Novel ATES triplet system for autarkic space heating and cooling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012028.
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Abstract Governments and companies have set high targets in avoiding CO2 emissions and reducing energy. Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems can contribute by overcoming the temporal mismatch between the availability of sustainable heat (during summer) and the demand for heat (during winter). Therefore, ATES is an increasingly popular technique; currently over 3000 low temperature ATES systems are operational in the Netherlands. Low-temperature ATES systems use heat pumps to allow the stored heat to be supplied at the required temperature for heating (usually around 40-50°C) and for cooling in summer. Although on average a conventional low-temperature ATES system produces 3-4 times lower CO2 emissions when compared to gas heating, the heat pumps still require substantial amounts of external electricity, causing over 60% of the remaining primary energy use. In the ATES triplet system, the temperatures in the hot and cold wells of an ATES system are increased and decreased respectively to match the required delivery temperatures and a third well is added at an intermediate temperature. With this strategy, other sources of sustainable heat and cooling capacity can supply the subsurface close to the temperatures required in the hot and the cold well. However, the return temperatures from the building systems do not conform with either of the hot or cold wells and an additional well is used to store water at the return temperature. Additional components are then required to supply the hot and cold wells (from the third well) by increasing the temperature in summer (e.g. solar collectors) and decreasing it in winter (e.g. dry coolers). In this study the feasibility of this concept is evaluated. Simulations and an economical evaluation show significant potential for triplet ATES with economic performance better than conventional ATES while the CO2 emissions are reduced by a factor of ten. As the temperature differences are larger, the volume of groundwater required to be pumped is considerably lowered, causing an additional energy saving. Ongoing research focusses on analysing the energy balance and energy loss in the subsurface, well design requirements, working/operational conditions of each well, as well as the integration of building system components, such as the influence of weather conditions on performance of system components.
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Tawil, Ibrahim, Mukhtar Abeid, Ezuldeen Abraheem, Samah Alghoul, and Elhadi Dekam. "Review on Solar Space Heating - Cooling in Libyan Residential Buildings." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 7, SI (September 30, 2018): 78–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v7isi.76.
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This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in the fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling, and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of “Ghadames” and “Gharyan”. Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of this paper.
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Michalak, Piotr. "Impact of Air Density Variation on a Simulated Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger’s Performance." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093215.
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Due to their simple design and reliable operation, earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE) are used in modern buildings to reduce ventilation heat losses. EAHE operation in atmospheric conditions results in variation in ambient air temperature and pressure affecting air density. The paper presents the study on the impact of ambient air density variation on the calculated hourly air temperature at the EAHE outlet and the resulting energy use for space heating and cooling of an exemplary residential building. The ground temperature was computed from the model given in EN 16798-5-1. Then, air density was obtained using five various methods. Energy use for space heating and cooling of the building was computed using the 5R1C thermal network model of EN ISO 13790. Depending on the chosen method and concerning the base case without EAHE, a reduction in annual heating and cooling needs was obtained from 7.5% to 8.8% in heating and from 15.3% to 19% in cooling. Annual heating and cooling gain from EAHE were 600.9 kWh and 628.3 kWh for heating and 616.9 kWh and 603.5 kWh forcooling for the Typical Meteorological Years (TMY) and International Weather for Energy Calculation (IWEC) files, respectively. Unit heating and cooling gains per heat exchanger area were from 34.9 kWh/m2 to 36.8 kWh/m2 and from −35.1 kWh/m2 to −36.3 kWh/m2. Density variation with temperature from the relevant typical Polish meteorological year at constant pressure, in comparison to the method of EN 16798-5-1, resulted in an hourly difference of that unit gain up to 4.3 W/m2 and 2.0 W/m2 for heating and cooling, respectively. The same was true inthe case of IWEC files that resulted in differences of 5.5 W/m2 and 1.1 W/m2.
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Jiang, Yi, Jinlei Li, Bin Zhu, and Jia Zhu. "A Perspective on the optical spectral design for passive solar heating and radiative cooling." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 090501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087687.
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Heating and cooling, as the basic requirements of human life, account for more than 28% of global energy consumption. To minimize carbon footprint and save energy, various strategies based on passive heating and cooling have attracted much attention. Typically, as the sun and outer space are the natural thermodynamic resources for renewable energy harvesting, passive solar heating and radiative cooling have been widely explored through a precise spectral design to effectively exploit solar energy and thermal radiation. In this Perspective, based on the previous works and principal development of passive solar heating and radiative cooling, the corresponding ideal spectral design under different temperature conditions is proposed and highlighted. As demonstrations, we present several examples of different optical spectral designs for realizing passive solar heating and radiative cooling to fit various scenarios. Finally, possible solutions to the current problems and the directions for future development are discussed.
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Liu, Chao Ying. "Seeking Feasible Low-Carbon Residential Design Strategies According to the Energy Consuming Sources of the Residential Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.624.
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According to Xuanmei Yang and other scholars’ study, space heating and cooling together with water heating consist the majority of domestic energy consumption. This article analyzes the seven aspects of domestic energy consumption by heating or cooling. From the building envelope technology and low-carbon technology aspects, it provides numbers of feasible strategies to attain low-carbon residential design adapting to the energy consuming sources of the residential construction.
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Niemierka, Elżbieta, and Piotr Jadwiszczak. "Cross-building cooling-to-heating energy transfer." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000056.
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Nowadays office buildings are faced with high and long-term cooling demand with grate heat recovery potential. In low heating demand office buildings not all of recoverable excess heat can be utilised, so it forces to search the consumers beyond the energetic boundary of office building. One of more promising way is supplying residential building by excess heat to meet the space heating and domestic hot water demands. Proposed cross-building cooling-to-heating energy flow allows transferring and utilizing excess heat from office building in residential as a useful heat. This solution creates the flexible and sustainable environment and meets the energy challenges of the future, in line with current energy trends and policy.
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Almehmadi, Fahad Awjah, Hassan Fawzy Elattar, Ali Fouda, Saeed Alqaed, Mathkar A. Alharthi, and Hassanein Abdelmohsen Refaey. "Towards an Efficient Multi-Generation System Providing Power, Cooling, Heating, and Freshwater for Residential Buildings Operated with Solar-Driven ORC." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 11157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111157.
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In buildings, multi-generation systems are a promising technology that can replace discrete traditional energy production methods. A multi-generation system makes it possible to efficiently produce electricity, cooling, heating, and freshwater simultaneously. This study involved the numerical analysis of a modified proposed novel solar-driven multi-generation system (MGS-II) integrated with the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Humidification–Dehumidification Desalination System (HDH), and Desiccant Cooling System (DCS) by using heat recovery and thermal energy storage (TES) units. In addition, a comparison study with the basic multi-generation system (MGS-I) is performed. The proposed system is designed to supply electricity, air conditioning, domestic heating, and fresh water to small/medium-sized buildings. How operating conditions affect system productivity and performance metrics have been investigated. The results show that the proposed multi-generation system (MGS-II) can produce electrical power, space cooling, domestic heating and fresh water while maintaining comfortable conditions inside the conditioned space. Moreover, the MGS-II outperforms the MGS-I system, and the maximum MGS-II system productivity; electricity production (\({W_{net}^{\bullet}}\)), freshwater (\({m_{fresh}^{\bullet} }\)), space cooling (\({Q_{cooling}^{\bullet} }\)), and domestic heating (\({Q_{heating}^{\bullet} }\)) are 102.3 kW, 141.5 kg/h, 20.77 kW, and 225 kW, respectively. In addition, the highest total gained output ratio (TGOR), specific total gained energy (STG), and specific total gained energy equivalent price (STGP) of the MGS-II system are 0.6303, 3.824 kWh/m2, and 0.149 USD/m2, respectively. The accepted ranges of comfortable space-supplied air conditions (temperature and humidity) are 15.5–18.2 °C and 9.2–12.00 gv/kga for both systems, MGS-I and MGS-II. Finally, the current system (MGS-II) has the maximum of the system’s performance indicators and productivity (TGOR and \({{\overset{.}{m}}_{fresh} }\)) compared with the other reported systems.
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Naveed, Syed, Satyasreet Jena, Sharma Kumar, and Kumar Anil. "Performance investigation of multi-stage hydrogen-based sorption heat pump." FME Transactions 49, no. 1 (2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2101121n.
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Metal hydrides are broadly investigated, for more than three decades, towards its application for cooling and heating applications. As a continuation of those works, in the present study, authors have investigated the performance of a multi-stage sorption heat pump for multiple cooling and heating outputs. The metal hydrides selected for the present study are Ti0.98Zr0.02V0.43Fe0.09Cr0.05Mn1.5, MmNi4.7Al0.3, LaNi4.8Al0.2 and Zr0.9Ti0.1 Cr0.9Fe1.1, with the operating temperature range as 20°C for cooling output, 45°C for heating output and 140°C for heat supply. The system produces three cooling and four heating outputs with only one heat input. The performance of the system is investigated, via finite volume approach, in terms of hydrogen interaction within the coupled beds, bed temperature variations and heat interactions during hydrogen transfer processes. The minimum temperature observed during the cooling process is 0.5°C, whereas the maximum temperature observed during the heating process is 60°C, which shows that the obtained temperature is capable of space air-conditioning. On the other hand, the maximum cooling and heating outputs, at a particular instant of time, are estimated at 361 W and 402 W, respectively with a heat supply of 23 W.
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Hitchin, Roger. "Monthly utilisation factors for building energy calculations." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416681382.
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Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. The procedures used to determine the values of the factors are invariably empirical rather than being derived from first principles, with the principal parameter being the ratio between monthly mean heat gains and monthly mean heat losses for the space in question. This article shows that this ratio is inherently insufficient to define the values and illustrates how months with similar values of the ratio can have different utilisation factors. It also shows that, if daily heating requirement is proportional to outdoor temperature, the key building parameter needed to determine the utilisation factor is the familiar base temperature. The base temperature can be expressed in terms of the monthly gain: loss ratio and the mean indoor and external temperatures: the day-to-day frequency distributions of outdoor temperature is also important. Finally, the article demonstrates that, for many situations, the ISO 13790 procedure and a linear model with residuals produce similar estimates of monthly heating requirement. However, this is not true towards the upper end of its observed range. In this situation, the linear model produces lower values for utilisation factors and correspondingly higher heating (and cooling) requirements. This effect is most marked when the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures are close or the space is well-insulated (causing a given heat gain to represent a higher potential temperature difference). Practical application: Monthly utilisation factors are the basis of many procedures for the calculation of monthly heating or cooling requirements for buildings, notably in the procedure described in standard ISO 13790:2008 ‘Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling’, which is widely used for the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in Europe. This article shows that an alternative approach based on the concept of energy signatures, although producing very similar results in many situations, is a more robust and extendable basis for monthly heating and cooling energy demand calculations.
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Monna, Sameh, Adel Juaidi, Ramez Abdallah, Aiman Albatayneh, Patrick Dutournie, and Mejdi Jeguirim. "Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 3876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133876.
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Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.
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Mathews, William G., Andreas Faltenbacher, and Fabrizio Brighenti. "Heating Cooling Flows with Weak Shock Waves." Astrophysical Journal 638, no. 2 (February 20, 2006): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499119.
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Kaminker, A. D., D. G. Yakovlev, A. Y. Potekhin, N. Shibazaki, P. S. Shternin, and O. Y. Gnedin. "Cooling of magnetars with internal layer heating." Astrophysics and Space Science 308, no. 1-4 (March 21, 2007): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-007-9358-2.
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Gnedin, Nickolay Y., and Nicholas Hollon. "COOLING AND HEATING FUNCTIONS OF PHOTOIONIZED GAS." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 202, no. 2 (September 19, 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/202/2/13.
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Katsaprakakis, Kagiamis, Zidianakis, and Ambrosini. "Operation Algorithms and Computational Simulation of Physical Cooling and Heat Recovery for Indoor Space Conditioning. A Case Study for a Hydro Power Plant in Lugano, Switzerland." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174574.
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This article presents the computational simulation process and the operation algorithms of the VAV and VRV systems, for indoor space conditioning, with extensive physical cooling and heat recovery. Through the introduction of appropriate operation algorithms, the article aims to highlight the high energy saving potential on indoor space conditioning, by exploiting physical cooling and heat recovery processes. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with a case study for a hydro power plant building located in the area of Lugano, Switzerland, with significant cooling needs for the whole year, due to high internal heat gains from indoor electrical equipment. This fact enables physical cooling during winter, for the cooling load coverage, and heat recovery, for the concurrent heating load coverage in different thermal zones of the building. Analytical operation algorithms are developed for a VAV and a VRV system. Both algorithms are computationally simulated. With the VAV system, 86.1% and 63.7% of the annual cooling and heating demand, respectively are covered by physical cooling and heat recovery. With the VRV system, 58.5% of the annual heating demand is covered by heat recovery. The set-up cost of the VAV system is almost twice higher than the set-up cost of the VRV system.
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Saipi, Nargjil, Matthias Schuss, Ulrich Pont, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Comparison of Simulated and Actual Energy Use of a Hospital Building in Austria." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.11.
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This paper compares calculated and measured energy use data (for space heating and cooling) pertaining to a hospital building in Austria. The building's existing energy certificate as well as monitored heating and cooling demand information were acquired from the hospitals administration. Moreover, the energy performance of the building was modeled using a numeric simulation application. Thereby, an extensive effort was made to define model input assumptions (building construction, weather data, internal gains) based on actual circumstances in reality. The results of the study suggest that calculated (energy certificate) and simulated heating loads were reasonably close to actual values, whereas in case of cooling loads considerable discrepancies were observed.
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Figaj, Rafał, and Maciej Żołądek. "Operation and Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Solar Heating and Cooling System for Different Configurations and Climatic Conditions." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041142.
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Energy needs of air conditioning systems are constantly growing worldwide, due to climate change and growing standards of buildings. Among the possible systems, solar heating and cooling based on reversible heat pumps and thermally driven chillers are a viable option for ensuring space heating and cooling for different users. The high installation costs are a limit to their diffusion, however, under specific circumstances (climate, type of the building, type of the user, etc.), the investment in this technology can be profitable in a long term. The presented paper describes an energy-economic assessment of a solar heating and cooling system integrating a solar dish concentrator with thermal collectors coupled with a reversible heat pump and an absorption or adsorption chiller. The system integrated with a household building is developed and dynamically simulated in the Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) environment under different circumstances –adoption of absorption or adsorption chiller, use of auxiliary thermal energy to drive the sorption chillers, and locality. The results show that space cooling demand in Cracow is matched by solar energy, in a range between 49.0 and 97.6%, while for Naples the space cooling demand is provided by solar heat from 46.1 to 99.1% depending on the adopted sorption chiller and or the use of auxiliary heat for a natural gas boiler. The proposed system is not profitable in case Cracow, since a Simple Pay Back period of about 20 years is achieved. Conversely, case of Naples, the same index achieves a value between 8 and 12 years showing that the proposed system may be a viable solution for heating and cooling installation.
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Guo, Dongcai, Qiang Sheng, Yu Guo, Jing Xue, and Ze Wang. "Modular integrated thermal control system in scientific experimental express rack on space station." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030904013.
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As an important mission of space stations, space science experiment usually requires effective temperature control measures. Scientific experimental express rack (ER) is a general design for space science experiment. In some space scientific experiments, the temperature of local target element or surrounding exceed heat sink temperature range, effective heating and cooling measures are required. Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) has high reliability and low complexity, which is applicable for temperature control in low gravity conditions. In the ER, the entire surrounding is indirectly heated or cooled by the ambient air, local target element surface is heated or cooled by liquid, TEC is thermal competent for ER thermal control attributed to the low complexity and high reliability, which can enlarge the temperature range of air and liquid. In this paper, a modular integrated thermal control system (MITCS) is designed for a specific ER, which has liquid assembly (LA), TEC assembly (TECA), heat exchanger assembly (HXA) and air cycle assembly (ACA) to provide target surface cooling and heating, entire surrounding cooling and heating. The thermal performance of MITCS using TEC are analyzed, providing guides for the design of the scientific experimental ER and other thermal systems.
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Zhao, Lian Jin, Jia Lin, Jian Hua Wang, Jin Long Peng, De Jun Qu, and Lian Zhong Chen. "An Experimental Investigation on Transpiration Cooling for Supersonic Vehicle Nose Cone Using Porous Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.690.
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During hypersonic flight or cruise in the near space, the aerodynamic heating causes a very high temperature on the leading edge of hypersonic vehicles. Transpiration cooling has been recognized the most effective cooling technology. This paper presents an experimental investigation on transpiration cooling using liquid water as coolant for a nose cone model of hypersonic vehicles. The nose cone model consists of sintered porous material. The experiments were carried out in the Supersonic Jet Arc-heated Facility (SJAF) of China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA) in Beijing. The cooling effect in the different regions of the model was analyzed, and the shock wave was exhibited. The pressure variations of the coolant injection system were continuously recorded. The aim of this work is to provide a relatively useful reference for the designers of coolant driving system in practical hypersonic vehicles.
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Du, Tiantian, Michela Turrin, Sabine Jansen, Andy van den Dobbelsteen, and Francesco De Luca. "Relationship Analysis and Optimisation of Space Layout to Improve the Energy Performance of Office Buildings." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041268.
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Architectural space layout has proven to be influential on building energy performance. However, the relationship between different space layouts and their consequent energy demands has not yet been systematically studied. This study thoroughly investigates such a relationship. In order to do so, a computational method was developed, which includes a method to generate space layouts featuring energy-related variables and an assessment method for energy demand. Additionally, a design of experiments was performed, and its results were used to analyse the relationship between space layouts and energy demands. In order to identify their relationship, four types of design indicators of space layout were proposed, both for the overall layout and for each function. Finally, several optimisations were performed to minimise heating, cooling and lighting demands. The optimisation results showed that the maximum reduction between different layouts was up to 54% for lighting demand, 51% for heating demand and 38% for cooling demand. The relationship analysis shows that when comparing the four types of design indicators, the façade area-to-floor area ratio showed a stronger correlation with energy demands than the façade area ratio, floor area ratio and height-to-depth ratio. Overall, this study shows that designing a space layout helps to reduce energy demands for heating, cooling and lighting, and also provides a reference for other researchers and designers to optimise space layout with improved energy performance.
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Mihalakakou, G. "On the use of sunspace for space heating/cooling in Europe." Renewable Energy 26, no. 3 (July 2002): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00138-0.
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Chen, Hua, and W. L. Lee. "Combined space cooling and water heating system for Hong Kong residences." Energy and Buildings 42, no. 2 (February 2010): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.020.
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Shah, N., D. Vyas, K. Shah, M. Shah, and M. Shah. "Solar-assisted geothermal heat pump models for space heating and cooling." International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 3, no. 4 (October 24, 2019): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42108-019-00040-w.
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Xie, Xiaoyan, and Katharine K. Reeves. "Heating Effects of Supra-arcade Downflows on Plasma above Solar Flare Arcades." Astrophysical Journal 942, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9f47.
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Abstract We deliberately select three flares to investigate heating effects of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) on the surrounding fan plasma. Prior work found in one flare that the plasma around most SADs tends to heat up or stay the same temperature, accompanied by discernible signatures of the adiabatic heating due to plasma compression as well as viscous heating due to viscous motions of plasma. We extend this work to more flares and find that the heating effects of the SADs are also present in these events. The adiabatic heating is dominant over the viscous heating in each event. The adiabatic heating in the two M1.3 flares, being on the order of about 0.02–0.18 MK s−1, is fairly comparable. In the more energetic X1.7 flare, the adiabatic heating is on the order of 0.02–0.3 MK s−1, where we observe a more pronounced temperature increase during which dozens of SADs descend through the fan. As SADs constantly contribute to the heating of the surrounding fan plasma, the areas where SADs travel through tend to cool much slower than the areas without SADs, and the plasma of higher temperature ends up concentrating in areas where SADs frequently travel through. We also find that the cooling rate of areas without SADs is ∼1000 K s−1, much slower than would be expected from normal conductive cooling. Instead, the cooling rate can be interpreted nicely by a process where conductive cooling is suppressed by turbulence.
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Chen, Shu, Zhengen Ren, Zhi Tang, and Xianrong Zhuo. "Long-Term Prediction of Weather for Analysis of Residential Building Energy Consumption in Australia." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164805.
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Globally, buildings account for nearly 40% of the total primary energy consumption and are responsible for 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption in buildings is increasing with the increasing world population and improving standards of living. Current global warming conditions will inevitably impact building energy consumption. To address this issue, this report conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of climate change on residential building energy consumption. Using the methodology of morphing, the weather files were constructed based on the typical meteorological year (TMY) data and predicted data generated from eight typical global climate models (GCMs) for three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) from 2020 to 2100. It was found that the most severe situation would occur in scenario RCP8.5, where the increase in temperature will reach 4.5 °C in eastern Australia from 2080–2099, which is 1 °C higher than that in other climate zones. With the construction of predicted weather files in 83 climate zones all across Australia, ten climate zones (cities)—ranging from heating-dominated to cooling-dominated regions—were selected as representative climate zones to illustrate the impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy consumption. The quantitative change in the energy requirements for space heating and cooling, along with the star rating, was simulated for two representative detached houses using the AccuRate software. It could be concluded that the RCP scenarios significantly affect the energy loads, which is consistent with changes in the ambient temperature. The heating load decreases for all climate zones, while the cooling load increases. Most regions in Australia will increase their energy consumption due to rising temperatures; however, the energy requirements of Adelaide and Perth would not change significantly, where the space heating and cooling loads are balanced due to decreasing heating and increasing cooling costs in most scenarios. The energy load in bigger houses will change more than that in smaller houses. Furthermore, Brisbane is the most sensitive region in terms of relative space energy changes, and Townsville appears to be the most sensitive area in terms of star rating change in this study. The impact of climate change on space building energy consumption in different climate zones should be considered in future design strategies due to the decades-long lifespans of Australian residential houses.
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Belliardi, Marco, Nerio Cereghetti, Paola Caputo, and Simone Ferrari. "A Method to Analyze the Performance of Geocooling Systems with Borehole Heat Exchangers. Results in a Monitored Residential Building in Southern Alps." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 7407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217407.
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Geothermal heat is an increasingly adopted source for satisfying all thermal purposes in buildings by reversible heat pumps (HP). However, for residential buildings located in moderate climates, geocooling, that implies the use of geothermal source for cooling buildings without the operation of HP, is an efficient alternative for space cooling not yet explored enough. Geocooling allows two main benefits: to cool the buildings by high energy efficiencies improving summer comfort; to recharge the ground if space heating is provided by HP exploiting the geothermal source (GSHP). In these cases, geocooling allows to avoid the decreasing of the performances of the GSHP for space heating over the years. To explore these issues, a method has been developed and tested on a real case: a new residential building in Lugano (southern Switzerland) coupled with 13 borehole heat exchangers. The system provides space heating in winter by a GSHP and space cooling in summer by geocooling. During a 40 months monitoring campaign, data such as temperatures, heat flows and electricity consumptions were recorded to calibrate the model and verify the benefits of such configuration. Focusing on summer operation, the efficiency of the system, after the improvements implemented, is above 30, confirming, at least in similar contexts, the feasibility of geocooling. Achieved results provides knowledge for future installations, underlining the replication potential and the possible limits.
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Javed, Saqib, Ivar Rognhaug Ørnes, Tor Helge Dokka, Maria Myrup, and Sverre Bjørn Holøs. "Evaluating the Use of Displacement Ventilation for Providing Space Heating in Unoccupied Periods Using Laboratory Experiments, Field Tests and Numerical Simulations." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040952.
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Displacement ventilation is a proven method of providing conditioned air to enclosed spaces with the aim to deliver good air quality and thermal comfort while reducing the amount of energy required to operate the system. Until now, the practical applications of displacement ventilation have been exclusive to providing ventilation and cooling to large open spaces with high ceilings. The provision of heating through displacement ventilation has traditionally been discouraged, out of concern that warm air supplied at the floor level would rise straight to the ceiling level without providing heat to the occupied space. Hence, a separate heating system is regularly integrated with the displacement ventilation in cold climates, increasing the cost and energy use of the system. This paper goes beyond the common industry practice and explores the possibility of using displacement ventilation to provide heating without any additional heating system. It reports on experimental investigations conducted in laboratory and field settings, and numerical simulation of these studies, all aimed at investigating the application of displacement ventilation for providing a comfortable indoor environment in winter by preheating the space prior to occupancy. The experimental results confirm that the proposed concept of providing space heating in unoccupied periods without a separate heating system is possible with displacement ventilation.
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Li, Hua, Li Yang, and Hui Qin Dong. "Groundwater Source Heat Pump Technology Use for Heating and Air-Conditioning of a Commercial Building." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.994.
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The groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) system utilizes groundwater as alternative renewable and clean energy source for space heating and cooling, withdraws water from a production well, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well. Hebei Province of China is rich of geothermal resources; there are suitable hydrogeological conditions in most areas. Take an office building in Hebei Province for example; a detail loads analysis of the groundwater source heat pump system was conducted. At the same time, an analysis of environmental energy benefits was also conducted. Comparing with the traditional systems for heating and cooling, groundwater source heat pump heating and cooling works well, with significant energy and environmental benefits, should be widely used.
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Aye, Lu, and Robert Fuller. "The Proposed Heating and Cooling System in the CH2 Building and Its Impact on Occupant Productivity." Construction Economics and Building 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v5i2.2958.
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Melbourne's climatic conditions demand that its buildings require both heating and cooling systems. In a multi-storey office building , however, cooling requirements will dominate. How the internal space is cooled and ventilation air is delivered will significantly impact on occupant comfort. This paper discusses the heating and cooling systems proposed for the CH2building. The paper critiques the proposed systems against previous experience, both internationally and in Australia. While the heating system employs proven technologies, less established techniques are proposed for the cooling system. Air movement in the shower towers, for example, is to be naturally induced and this has not always been successful elsewhere. Phase change material for storage of "coolth" does not appear to have been demonstrated previously in a commercial building, so the effectiveness of the proposed system is uncertain. A conventional absorption chiller backs up the untried elements of the cooling system, so that ultimately occupant comfort should not be compromised .
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Klimenko, Vladimir, Sergey Krasheninnikov, and Ekaterina Fedotova. "Efficiency of Space Heating Systems under the Climate Change." E3S Web of Conferences 103 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910302002.
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Impacts of the climate change on the space heating systems are discussed. We have used the latest global temperature data of the Global Climate Historical Network to demonstrate that the heating and cooling demand combined is decreasing in the world regions with boreal and moderate climate conditions almost everywhere. A simulation approach was developed to assess the impact of the climate change of the efficiency of a modern binary-cycle cogeneration power plant. Both statistical parameters of the air temperature and the thermal circuit of the power plant were modeled in details. It was found that even for a quite optimistic climate scenario the annual efficiency decrease may be as high as 1-2%. This means that careful consideration of the climate-related heating load dynamics is of key importance by implementation and renovation of the district heating systems.
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Hillel, Shlomi, and Noam Soker. "Gentle Heating by Mixing in Cooling Flow Clusters." Astrophysical Journal 845, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa81c5.
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