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Academic literature on the topic 'SP-network'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "SP-network"

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Kapalova, N., and A. Haumen. "The model of encryption algorithm based on non-positional polynomial notations and constructed on an SP-network." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0013.

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Abstract This paper addresses to structures and properties of the cryptographic information protection algorithm model based on NPNs and constructed on an SP-network. The main task of the research is to increase the cryptostrength of the algorithm. In the paper, the transformation resulting in the improvement of the cryptographic strength of the algorithm is described in detail. The proposed model is based on an SP-network. The reasons for using the SP-network in this model are the conversion properties used in these networks. In the encryption process, transformations based on S-boxes and P-boxes are used. It is known that these transformations can withstand cryptanalysis. In addition, in the proposed model, transformations that satisfy the requirements of the “avalanche effect” are used. As a result of this work, a computer program that implements an encryption algorithm model based on the SP-network has been developed.
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Arivudainambi, D., and R. Pavithra. "Vertex coloring approach for Q-coverage problem in wireless sensor network." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 8683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191795.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has emerged recently due to its advancements and applications in various scientific and industrial fields. WSN consists a set of low cost and readily deployable sensors to monitor targets and recognise the physical phenomena. The principal challenge in WSN is to deploy these sensor nodes in optimal positions to achieve efficient network. Such network should satisfy the quality of service requirements in order to achieve high performance levels. Hence, this paper focuses on target Q-coverage problem where each target requires different number of sensors to monitor them. A Sequential Vertex Coloring based Sensor Placement (SVC-SP) algorithm is proposed to determine the number of sensors required and its optimal spot to satisfy the coverage quality requirement. The SVC-SP algorithm determines sensor requirement by partitioning the target set into independent subsets depending on the target’s position and the sensor’s sensing range. Each independent set consists set of targets that are nearer in the network such that a common sensor is sufficient to monitor them. The cardinality of such independent subsets provides the sensor requirement for target coverage. The optimal spot for each target is determined by the mean positioning of the targets in each independent set. This process is repeated until the q-requirement for each target is satisfied. Further, to improve the optimal spot for sensors, the random based SVC-SP algorithm, cuckoo search based SVC-SP algorithm and the genetic algorithm based SVC-SP algorithm are utilized. The simulation results show that genetic algorithm based SVC-SP algorithm performs better than other existing algorithms.
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Abdul Sahli, Fakharudin, Zainol Norazwina, and Dzulkefli Noor Athirah. "Application of Artificial Neural Network to Improve Pleurotus sp. Cultivation Modelling." MATEC Web of Conferences 255 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925502010.

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Mathematical modelling for nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) during Pleurotus sp. cultivation had successfully been produced using multiple linear regression. Two different substrates were used to cultivate the Pleurotus sp. which were empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). Both substrates were collected and prepared as the selected factors which were type of substrate (SB - A and EFB - B), size of substrates (0.5 cm and 2.5 cm), mass ratio of spawn to substrate (SP/SS) (1:10 and 1:14), temperature during spawn running (25°C and ambient) and pre-treatment of substrates (steam and non-steam). The response was nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N). This paper presents the application of artificial neural network to improve the modelling process. Artificial neural network is one of the machine learning method which use the cultivation process information and extract the pattern from the data. Neural network ability to learn pattern by changing the connection weight had produced a trained network which represent the Pleurotus sp. cultivation process. Next this trained network was validated using error measurement to determine the modelling accuracy. The results show that the artificial neural network modelling produced better results with higher accuracy and lower error when compared to the mathematical modelling.
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Mao, Xizeng, Victor Olman, Rhona Stuart, Ian T. Paulsen, Brian Palenik, and Ying Xu. "Computational prediction of the osmoregulation network in Synechococcus sp. WH8102." BMC Genomics 11, no. 1 (2010): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-291.

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Valdez, Peter J., and Phillip E. Savage. "A reaction network for the hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp." Algal Research 2, no. 4 (October 2013): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2013.08.002.

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Song, Dan, Tianbao Li, Zhendong Mao, and An-An Liu. "SP-VITON: shape-preserving image-based virtual try-on network." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 45-46 (November 27, 2019): 33757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08363-w.

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Ihsan, A. Mustafa, Chu Kiong Loo, Sinan A. Naji, and Manjeevan Seera. "Superpixels Features Extractor Network (SP-FEN) for Clothing Parsing Enhancement." Neural Processing Letters 51, no. 3 (January 18, 2020): 2245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11063-019-10173-y.

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Wu, Bin, Manrong Li, Shuning Xiao, Yangkun Qu, Xiaoyan Qiu, Taifeng Liu, Fenghui Tian, Hexing Li, and Shengxiong Xiao. "A graphyne-like porous carbon-rich network synthesized via alkyne metathesis." Nanoscale 9, no. 33 (2017): 11939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr02247f.

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Alkyne metathesis was applied to yield a sp2/sp hybridized graphyne-like porous carbon-rich network material with tilted 3D channels and showed selective absorption of CO2 over N2.
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Damanik, Hillman Akhyar, and Merry Anggraeni. "Implementation Scheme SLA and Network Availability Mechanism for Customer Service Provider." Jurnal Penelitian Pos dan Informatika 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/jppi.v10i2.318.

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Increasingly complex network heterogeneity and network monitoring tasks become the management concentration of a large distributed production infrastructure with various business services requiring a centralized control monitoring system, with increasing network size, heterogeneity and complexity. The network monitoring and management solutions available are not only expensive but also difficult to use, configure and maintain. Manually routing pins to the wrong device on a large complex network is very complicated and time-consuming for Service Provider (SP). Thus, it is necessary to have an automatic system that immediately reports to the network Service Provider (SP) monitoring system regarding the type of error or alert, Network Availability and Service Level Agreement (SLA). This research presents the modeling design and implementation of Network Availability and SLA network systems for Service Provider (SP) organizations, by being based on open-source programming tools (Zabbix System) and intelligently integrating to monitor network devices, especially to get Network Availability and SLA parameters and values on a customer or customer. Monitoring Customers devices in the network in the form of a module alert parameter that will be applied so that it is seen and can be said to be a universal Plug & Play technology concept (UPnP). Monitoring system developed will provide value and quality of service (qos) output parameters in the form of measuring and taking test value parameters Network Availability and SLA modeling, which will produce an accurate Service Level Agreement (SLA) value parameter test, and become a reference for an agreement between a service provider and a customer. As a guarantee or link availability for the services provided by Service Provide (SP) to customers. With the SLA value fulfilled at 99.9% with a 99.5% agreement, Network availability is met with a percentage of 98.89% and Down time with a percentage of only 1% of the agreement 2%, and the latency value of the terrestrial transmission media obtained is 2 ms, from the 8 ms agreement and the obtained VSAT transmission media is 500-600 ms from the agreement latency value is 700 ms.
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Cheng, Hui. "Dynamic Genetic Algorithms with Hyper-Mutation Schemes for Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Problem in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaras.2012010105.

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In recent years, the static shortest path (SP) routing problem has been well addressed using intelligent optimization techniques, e.g., artificial neural networks (ANNs), genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), etc. However, with the advancement in wireless communications, more and more mobile wireless networks appear, e.g., mobile ad hoc network (MANET), wireless mesh network (WMN), etc. One of the most important characteristics in mobile wireless networks is the topology dynamics, that is, the network topology changes over time due to energy conservation or node mobility. Therefore, the SP routing problem in MANETs turns out to be a dynamic optimization problem. This paper proposes to use two types of hyper-mutation GAs to solve the dynamic SP routing problem in MANETs. The authors consider MANETs as target systems because they represent new generation wireless networks. The experimental results show that the two hyper-mutation GAs can quickly adapt to the environmental changes (i.e., the network topology change) and produce good solutions after each change.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SP-network"

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Piccoli, Neto Danilo [UNESP]. "Redes e territórios: a articulação do setor metal-mecânico nos municípios de Araras e Piracicaba." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95651.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Esta pesquisa visa compreender as relações em rede do setor metal-mecânico nos municípios de Araras e Piracicaba. Estas relações podem ocorrer na escala local, nacional e global, tanto entre as empresas e a sociedade, quanto na forma de aglomerações e seus mercados consumidores, fornecedores e concorrentes. Estas redes podem se configurar em formas associativas mais coesas, originando territórios específicos. Avaliar as conexões e densidades dessas redes em formas organizacionais mais complexas é um dos objetivos principais desta pesquisa, que tem como pano de fundo elementos das Teorias Institucionais e da Teoria dos Sistemas Gerais, com o auxílio da técnica de matrizes-grafo.
This research aims to understand the relationship networking metal-mechanic sector in the municipalities of Araras and Piracicaba. These relationships can occur at local, national and global levels, both between enterprises and society, and in the form of agglomerations and their consumers, suppliers and competitors. These networks can be configured in forms of association more cohesive, resulting in specific territories. Evaluate the density of connections and networks in more complex organizational forms is a major goal of this research, which has the background elements of the Institutional Theory and the Theory of General Systems, with the help of the technique of matrix-graph.
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Piccoli, Neto Danilo. "Redes e territórios : a articulação do setor metal-mecânico nos municípios de Araras e Piracicaba /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95651.

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Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires
Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio
Banca: Marcos Aurelio Saquet
Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa compreender as relações em rede do setor metal-mecânico nos municípios de Araras e Piracicaba. Estas relações podem ocorrer na escala local, nacional e global, tanto entre as empresas e a sociedade, quanto na forma de aglomerações e seus mercados consumidores, fornecedores e concorrentes. Estas redes podem se configurar em formas associativas mais coesas, originando territórios específicos. Avaliar as conexões e densidades dessas redes em formas organizacionais mais complexas é um dos objetivos principais desta pesquisa, que tem como pano de fundo elementos das Teorias Institucionais e da Teoria dos Sistemas Gerais, com o auxílio da técnica de matrizes-grafo.
Abstract: This research aims to understand the relationship networking metal-mechanic sector in the municipalities of Araras and Piracicaba. These relationships can occur at local, national and global levels, both between enterprises and society, and in the form of agglomerations and their consumers, suppliers and competitors. These networks can be configured in forms of association more cohesive, resulting in specific territories. Evaluate the density of connections and networks in more complex organizational forms is a major goal of this research, which has the background elements of the Institutional Theory and the Theory of General Systems, with the help of the technique of matrix-graph.
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Leão, Carla de Souza. "A inserção de pequenas cidades na rede urbana: o caso das cidades na região de governo de Dracena /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96742.

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Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Mara Lucia Falconi da Hora Bernardelli
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposta a análise das pequenas cidades da região de Governo de Dracena, localizada no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, que surgiram em decorrência do mesmo processo de ocupação. A princípio, as atividades nelas desenvolvidas estavam completamente voltadas para a produção agrícola, porém suas funções foram se alterando, surgindo também uma diferenciação na rede urbana regional. O objetivo central da pesquisa é compreender os processos e elementos responsáveis pela diferenciação entre as cidades, que interferem na sua inserção na rede urbana e conseqüentemente no processo de hierarquização. A região é composta por 10 municípios com populações que variam de 2.104 habitantes a 43.244 habitantes, em que há uma nítida seletividade na localização de equipamentos urbanos e das atividades econômicas, havendo a valorização do espaço em determinadas cidades em detrimento de outras. A cidade de Dracena passou a apresentar maior dinamicidade e centralidade em relação às demais ao incorporar diferentes papéis. Hoje ela possui maior capacidade de oferecer serviços na área da saúde, educação, com um comércio mais diversificado e apresenta o desenvolvimento de certas atividades industriais, capaz de articulá-la com outros centros urbanos fora da sua região de influência, estas atividades culminaram em uma maior capacidade de atrair população. Observou-se que enquanto as atividades comerciais, a prestação de serviços, sobretudo quando nos referimos àqueles relacionados às necessidades mais básicas da população local, são responsáveis por uma circulação mais intensa de pessoas entre as cidades da região e produzem relações muito mais hierarquizadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this dissertation, we propose an analysis of the small cities, which compose the region of Dracena Government in the west state of São Paulo. These cities emerged from the same occupation process. In the beginning, the developed activities were related to the agriculture production, but the scene changed, appearing as well as a distinction in the urban network of the region. The main objective of this research is to understand the processes and aspects responsible for the distinction among the cities, which interfere in their insertion in the urban network and consequently in the hierarchical process. The region is composed by 10 municipalities with numbers of inhabitants ranging from around 2,104 to 43,244. Furthermore, there is a clear selection for the location of urban facilities and economic activities, with the appreciation of space in certain cities over others. Dracena has presented more dynamism and centrality then the other cities due to the incorporation of different functions. Nowadays, Dracena has major capacity to offer service in the health area, education, diversification of the trade and shows a development in some industrial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Stevanovic, Mara [Verfasser], Enrico [Akademischer Betreuer] Schleiff, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Sandmann. "The putative siderophore-dependent iron transport network in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 / Mara Stevanovic. Betreuer: Enrico Schleiff. Gutachter: Enrico Schleiff ; Gerhard Sandmann." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078670250/34.

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Ceinos, Yannick. "A representation of Network Elements within the Operation Support Systems." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4262.

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Currently, our world is getting more and more connected: information flows are everywhere at anytime. We are only at the beginning of the communication era. However, few want to know how those data are delivered as long as they are well delivered. Which paths they take, using optical fibres or regular copper cables, such questions do not matter for end-customers.

As a part of a telecommunication company, these questions do really matter. As networks become increasingly complex, it is significant to keep them under control and make them reliable to deliver high-quality services to users.

One of our main problems is how to get a representation of this network. More precisely how to get a relevant image of elements that compose this huge web and what points are significant in order to increase the quality of offered services. This thesis will try to answer these questions.

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Байбуз, Микола Андрійович. "Уточнений метод оцінювання імовірностей диференціалів немарковських AES – подібних шифрів." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23502.

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Дипломну роботу виконано на 43 аркушах, вона містить 2 додатки та перелік посилань на використані джерела з 16 найменувань. У роботі наведено 3 рисунки та 4 таблиці. Метою даної дипломної роботи є аналiз, уточнення та застосування м є т о д ів дослідження марковських SP-мереж на с т ій к і с т ь до диференціального криптоаналізу. Обєктом дослідження є інформаційні процеси в системах криптографічного захисту. Предметом дослідження є алгоритми оцінювання SP-мереж на стійкість до диференціального криптоаналізу. В роботі проводиться уточнення та застосування методів для оцінки стійкості SP-мереж до диференціального криптоаналізу на прикладі шифру ДСТУ 7624:2014. Основні положення дипломної роботи опубліковано у вигляді тез доповіді на Міжнародній науково-практичній конференції БШ!ТС 2016 та Всеукраїнській науково-практичній коференції ТШПФМТ! 2016.
The thesis is presented in 43 pages. It contains 2 appendixes and bibliography of 16 references. Four figures and 2 tables are given in the thesis. The goal of the thesis is the analysis, specification and application of research methods Markov SP-networks for resistance to differential cryptanalysis. The object of research is the information processes in cryptographic protection systems. The subject of research is estimation of SP-networks algorithms for resistance to differential cryptanalysis. In the presented thesis the Markov SP-networks resistance to differential cryptoanalysis is assessed, taking the DSTU 7624:2014 cipher as the illustrative example. Main ideas of the thesis were published in the Proceedings of the International Practical and Technical Conference БГО!ТС 2016.
Дипломную работу выполнено на 43 листах, она содержит 2 приложения и перечень использованных источников из 16 наименований. В работе приведены 3 рисунки и 4 таблицы. Целью данной работы является анализ, уточнение и применение методов исследования марковских SP-сетей на устойчивость к дифференциальному криптоанализу. Объектом исследования являются процессы в системах криптографической защиты. Предметом исследования являются алгоритмы оценки SP-сетей на устойчивость к дифференциальному криптоанализу. В работе проводится уточнение и применение методов для оценки устойчивости SP-сетей к дифференциальному криптоанализу на примере шифра ДСТУ 7624:2014. Основные положения дипломной работы опубликованы в виде тезисов на Международной научно-практической конференции БИВИТС 2016 и Всеукраинской научно-практической коференции ТИППФМТИ 2016.
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Leão, Carla de Souza [UNESP]. "A inserção de pequenas cidades na rede urbana: o caso das cidades na região de governo de Dracena." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96742.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leao_cs_me_prud.pdf: 863008 bytes, checksum: 7c076860d6c9bdf25d6f5ded9b3059aa (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho é proposta a análise das pequenas cidades da região de Governo de Dracena, localizada no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, que surgiram em decorrência do mesmo processo de ocupação. A princípio, as atividades nelas desenvolvidas estavam completamente voltadas para a produção agrícola, porém suas funções foram se alterando, surgindo também uma diferenciação na rede urbana regional. O objetivo central da pesquisa é compreender os processos e elementos responsáveis pela diferenciação entre as cidades, que interferem na sua inserção na rede urbana e conseqüentemente no processo de hierarquização. A região é composta por 10 municípios com populações que variam de 2.104 habitantes a 43.244 habitantes, em que há uma nítida seletividade na localização de equipamentos urbanos e das atividades econômicas, havendo a valorização do espaço em determinadas cidades em detrimento de outras. A cidade de Dracena passou a apresentar maior dinamicidade e centralidade em relação às demais ao incorporar diferentes papéis. Hoje ela possui maior capacidade de oferecer serviços na área da saúde, educação, com um comércio mais diversificado e apresenta o desenvolvimento de certas atividades industriais, capaz de articulá-la com outros centros urbanos fora da sua região de influência, estas atividades culminaram em uma maior capacidade de atrair população. Observou-se que enquanto as atividades comerciais, a prestação de serviços, sobretudo quando nos referimos àqueles relacionados às necessidades mais básicas da população local, são responsáveis por uma circulação mais intensa de pessoas entre as cidades da região e produzem relações muito mais hierarquizadas...
In this dissertation, we propose an analysis of the small cities, which compose the region of Dracena Government in the west state of São Paulo. These cities emerged from the same occupation process. In the beginning, the developed activities were related to the agriculture production, but the scene changed, appearing as well as a distinction in the urban network of the region. The main objective of this research is to understand the processes and aspects responsible for the distinction among the cities, which interfere in their insertion in the urban network and consequently in the hierarchical process. The region is composed by 10 municipalities with numbers of inhabitants ranging from around 2,104 to 43,244. Furthermore, there is a clear selection for the location of urban facilities and economic activities, with the appreciation of space in certain cities over others. Dracena has presented more dynamism and centrality then the other cities due to the incorporation of different functions. Nowadays, Dracena has major capacity to offer service in the health area, education, diversification of the trade and shows a development in some industrial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tomasiello, Diego Bogado. "Modelos de rede de transporte público e individual para estudos de acessibilidade em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-24062016-111306/.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a eficiência dos sistemas de transporte público e individual através da modelagem de redes em SIG. Foram revisados os conceitos de acessibilidade e indicadores de acessibilidade, modelos de rede de transportes, abordadas as etapas para criação dos modelos de rede, bases de dados utilizadas, configurações e atributos no sistema SIG. Os comparativos foram realizados através de dois níveis de detalhamento (simples e avançado) para as redes de transporte e elaborados índices de acessibilidade para os bairros do município de São Paulo através de parâmetros extraídos das redes modeladas. O estudo de caso consiste na medição de um índice de acessibilidade para empregos de baixa renda. Como resultado, os bairros centrais do município apresentam maior acessibilidade, porém, para o transporte público, alguns bairros fora da zona central também apresentaram alta acessibilidade devido à oferta de transporte público (metrô).
This study aims to compare the efficiency of the public and individual transportation systems by modeling networks in GIS environment. The concepts of accessibility, accessibility measures and transportation models were reviewed. The stages for modelling transportation networks, databases, configurations and attributes in the GIS system were specified. The comparison was carried out through two models with different detail levels (simple and advanced). Accessibility indexes were developed for the neighborhoods in the municipality of Sao Paulo using the parameters extracted from the models. The study case consists in calculating the accessibility measure for low income jobs. As a result, the central neighborhoods have greater accessibility, but for the public transportation system, few neighborhoods out of the central zone also shown high accessibility due to the high availability of public transportation (metro).
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Meneses, dos Santos Larissa 1988. "A liderança como relação : experiências de liderança no movimento de moradia em São Paulo." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279674.

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Orientador: Luciana Ferreira Tatagiba
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta como seu principal objetivo problematizar a compreensão de liderança em movimentos sociais. Tal problematização está fundamentada de acordo com os seguintes elementos: 1. Concepção da liderança como relação política multifacetada e preenchida por conflitos; 2. Ampliação da perspectiva teórica do que é ser liderança através do conceito de intelectual presente na obra de Antonio Gramsci; 3. Referencial empírico no movimento de moradia em São Paulo entre 2008 e 2012; e 4. Experimentação de diferentes recursos metodológicos. Tendo em vista a escassez bibliográfica dedicada à temática, a pesquisa dedicou-se preponderantemente à investigação empírica e a experimentações teóricas e metodológicas que pudessem abarcar a heterogeneidade do movimento social estudado, os diferentes níveis de militância encontrados, e as relações históricas e complexas entre o Movimento de Moradia em São Paulo, o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), e o Estado. Dentre as experimentações metodológicas estão presentes a observação participante, a interpretação de dados colhidos por survey, e a análise de redes sociais. Esta última, em especial, permite observar mais precisamente as nuances de centralidade e alianças que compõem a rede de relações de liderança no movimento de moradia em São Paulo. Já entre as experimentações teóricas, destacam-se os paralelos conceituais possíveis entre as categorias intelectuais presentes na obra de Antonio Gramsci e as diferentes faces do papel do líder. Considera-se que Gramsci atribui um papel político relacional e transformador à atividade intelectual análogo ao papel da liderança construída nos movimentos sociais. Ademais, as investigações aqui contidas concentram seu interesse nos percursos e experiências políticas comuns das lideranças, nas relações que fortaleceram ou enfraqueceram articulações e organizações do movimento de moradia em São Paulo
Abstract: This work presents as its main goal to debate the understanding of leadership in social movements. The analytical strategies was grounded in accordance with the following aspects: 1. Conception of leadership as multifaceted political relation filled by conflict; 2. Expansion of the theoretical perspective of what is leadership through the concept of intellectual present in the work of Antonio Gramsci; 3. Empirical reference in housing movement in São Paulo between 2008 and 2012; and 4. Exploratory use of multiple methodological resources. Considering the literature paucity devoted to the subject, the research is mainly devoted to empirical investigation and theoretical and methodological experimentation that could encompass the heterogeneity of the studied social movement, the different levels of militancy found, and the historical and complex relations between the housing movement in the city of São Paulo, the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), and the State. Among the methodological experimentations are participant observation, interpretation of data collected by survey, and social networks analysis. That latter method, in particular, allows observing more precisely the centrality's variations, and alliances that build the leadership relations network in housing movement in São Paulo. About the theoretical experiments, we highlight the conceptual parallels between the intellectual categories present in the work of Antonio Gramsci and the different faces of the leader's role. Is considered that Gramsci assigns a relational political and transformative role to intellectual activity analogous to the role of leadership built in social movements. Furthermore, the investigations herein contained concentrate its interests on leadership trajectories, common political experiences and relations that may fortify or weaken the social ties of the housing movement in São Paulo
Mestrado
Ciencia Politica
Mestra em Ciência Política
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Toller, Fernando de Moraes. "A progressão continuada no ensino público do Estado de São Paulo como modelo neoliberal de exclusão pautada nos sistemas de avaliação escolar : uma análise crítica da produção teórica e científica do tema /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153803.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo do regime da progressão continuada implantado na rede pública de ensino do Estado de São Paulo a partir do ano de 1998. Para tanto foi necessário realizar pesquisa que trata dos aspectos históricos, legais e educacionais do regime de progressão continuada e sua relação com o direito à educação e à democratização do ensino público. Outro aspecto fundamental nesta pesquisa será a análise das relações entre o regime de progressão continuada e uma política entendida como neoliberalismo com reflexos na formação de uma nova escola, mediante a racionalidade de recursos públicos proporcionados por um sistema de avaliação onde procuram-se índices baixos de retenção e de evasão escolar. Sobre o neoliberalismo, foram abordados conceitos, teorias e o processo histórico entre a política econômica neoliberal e o regime de progressão continuada. Após, o trabalho realizou análise crítica de parte da bibliografia teórico-científica sobre o regime de progressão continuada, dispondo para tanto de criteriosa classificação sobre as abordagens em relação ao citado regime, levando-se em consideração suas propostas, perspectivas e tendências teóricas. Por derradeiro, a pesquisa vai propor modelos alternativos ou proposta de aprimoramento do regime de progressão continuada.
The present study aims to study the regime of continuous progression implanted in the Public School network of the State of São Paulo since 1998. It was necessary to carry out research that deals with the historical, legal and educational aspects of the progression regime and its relationship with the right to education and democratization of public education. Another fundamental aspect in this research will be the analysis of the relations between the regime of continuous progression and a politics understood as neoliberalism with reflexes in the formation of a new school, through the rationalization of public resources provided by an evaluation system that pursues low levels of retention and low levels of school dropout. On neoliberalism, concepts, theories and the historical process between neoliberal economic policy and the regime of continuous progression were approached. Afterwards, the work carried out a critical analysis of part of the theoretical / scientific bibliography on the regime of the continuous progression, having for that reason a careful classification on the approaches in relation to the mentioned regime, taking into consideration its proposals, perspectives and theoretical tendencies. Lastly, the research proposes alternative models or ways to improve the regime of continuous progression.
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Book chapters on the topic "SP-network"

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Biryukov, Alex. "Substitution–Permutation (SP) Network." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, 1268. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_619.

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Sasaki, Yu. "Preimage Attacks on Feistel-SP Functions: Impact of Omitting the Last Network Twist." In Applied Cryptography and Network Security, 170–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38980-1_11.

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Spinoso, Serena, Matteo Virgilio, Wolfgang John, Antonio Manzalini, Guido Marchetto, and Riccardo Sisto. "Formal Verification of Virtual Network Function Graphs in an SP-DevOps Context." In Service Oriented and Cloud Computing, 253–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24072-5_18.

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Patil, Jagdish, Gaurav Bansod, and Kumar Shashi Kant. "DoT: A New Ultra-lightweight SP Network Encryption Design for Resource-Constrained Environment." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology, 249–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1610-4_26.

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Wei, Yuechuan, Ping Li, Bing Sun, and Chao Li. "Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis on Feistel Ciphers with SP and SPS Round Functions." In Applied Cryptography and Network Security, 105–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13708-2_7.

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Đogatović, Vesna Radonjić. "Improving Quality of Business in Next Generation Telecom Networks." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 6546–55. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch568.

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Quality of business (QoBiz) is an important aspect of providing quality of telecommunication services that is being increasingly used in the pursuit of better business. It covers financial aspects of service provisioning, which is firmly related to service provider (SP) revenue and profit. In next generation network (NGN) relation between pure technical aspects, i.e. quality of service (QoS) and QoBiz tend to be dynamic with pricing as an important tool for adjusting users' demand to network congestion, thus allowing a SP to maximize his revenue. This chapter aims to investigate and provide new possibilities for SPs to enhance their revenues using responsive pricing scheme for charging end users in NGN. Interaction of a SP and user is defined as a Stackelberg leader-follower game with provider acting as the leader and users acting as followers.
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Đogatović, Vesna Radonjić. "Improving Quality of Business in Next Generation Telecom Networks." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1226–36. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch090.

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Quality of business (QoBiz) is an important aspect of providing quality of telecommunication services that is being increasingly used in the pursuit of better business. It covers financial aspects of service provisioning, which is firmly related to service provider (SP) revenue and profit. In next generation network (NGN), relation between pure technical aspects (i.e., quality of service [QoS] and QoBiz) tend to be dynamic with pricing as an important tool for adjusting users' demand to network congestion, thus allowing a SP to maximize his revenue. This chapter aims to investigate and provide new possibilities for SPs to enhance their revenues using responsive pricing scheme for charging end users in NGN. Interaction of a SP and user is defined as a Stackelberg leader-follower game with provider acting as the leader and users acting as followers.
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Penteado, Claudio Luis de Camargo, Paulo Roberto Elias de Souza, Ivan Fortunato, and Sérgio Amadeu da Silveira. "Connectivity Public Policy in the Network Society: The Case of “WiFi Livre SP”." In Communication and Information Technologies Annual, 299–314. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2050-206020160000012018.

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Lasry Testa, Romina, Claudio Delpino, Vanina Estrada, and M. Soledad Diaz. "Metabolic Network design of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to obtain bioethanol under autotrophic conditions." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2857–62. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50478-5.

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"Reliability Evaluation of General SP-Networks." In Network Reliability, 31–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119224006.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "SP-network"

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Shuai Li, Max Q. H. Meng, Wanming Chen, Yangming Li, Zhuhong You, Yajin Zhou, Lei Sun, Huawei Liang, Kai Jiang, and Qinglei Guo. "SP-NN: A novel neural network approach for path planning." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2007.4522361.

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Cheung, Gene, and Wai-tian Tan. "Redundant representation for network video streaming using reconstructed P-frames and SP-frames." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5496025.

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Lei, Zhengwei, Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, and Zeyu Meng. "Joint Service Placement and Request Scheduling for Multi-SP Mobile Edge Computing Network." In 2020 IEEE 26th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads51040.2020.00014.

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Chen, Xiuzhong, Jie Zhang, Peng Jia, Lei Wang, Yi Cheng, Haibin Zhang, and Wanyi Gu. "WS-SP: a framework for multi-service provisioning in the next generation optical network." In Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Jianli Wang, Gee-Kung Chang, Yoshio Itaya, and Herwig Zech. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.745326.

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Davidson, E. M., M. J. Dolan, G. W. Ault, and S. D. J. McArthur. "AuRA-NMS: An autonomous regional active network management system for EDF energy and SP energy networks." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5590045.

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Wong, C. S., Y. P. Chan, Lingling Cao, K. H. Loo, and M. C. Wong. "A Dynamic S/SP Compensation Network for Achieving Unity-Power-Factor and Load-Independent Voltage Output under Varying Coupling Condition." In 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/epe.2019.8915080.

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Ivankova, T. V., and V. A. Volosukhin. "CALCULATION OF THE PASSAGE OF FLOODS THROUGH THE WATERWORKS BALANOVSKY RESERVOIR." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.545-550.

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The characteristic of the Crimean rivers for which the flood regime is characteristic is given. In 1974, the Balanovskoye reservoir was built on the Zuya river to meet the needs of the district's agriculture. The data on the calculation of the passage of floods through the hydroelectric Balanovsky reservoir, belonging to the II class of danger. Calibration of the maximum rate, according to the SP and 0.1% of the EAP. The assessment and 0.01% of the EAP of the flood pass by the existing structures of the hydroelectric facility was carried out. It is recommended to organize continuous observations of all parameters on the network of automatic stations, which will most fully characterize the entire situation in the basin and in its various sections, as well as provide information to a set of mathematical models for hydrodynamic modeling of surface runoff and channel runoff to intermediate branches, to assess the risks of dangerous hydrological phenomena in various parts of the basin with sufficient advance.
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Kolli, Satish, Joshua Lilly, and Duminda Wijesekera. "Providing Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA) for PTC Using a Distributed IDS System (DIDS)." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6142.

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American Railroads are planning to complete implementation of their Positive Train Control (PTC) systems by 2020 with the primary safety objectives of avoiding inter-train collisions, train derailments and ensuring railroad worker safety. Under published I-ETMS specifications, the onboard unit (OBU) communicates with two networks; (1) the Signaling network that conveys track warrants to occupy blocks etc. and (2) the Wayside Interface Unit (WIU) network, a sensor network situated on tracks to gather navigational information. These include the status of rail infrastructure (such as switches) and any operational hazards that may affect the intended train path. In order to facilitate timely delivery of messages, PTC systems will have a reliable radio network operating in the reserved 220MHz spectrum, although the PTC system itself is designed to be a real-time fail safe distributed control systems. Both the signaling and the WIUs communicate their information (track warrants, speed restrictions, and Beacon status) using software defined radio networks. Given that PTC systems are controlled by radio networks, they are subjected to cyber-attacks. We show a design and a prototype implementation of a PTC Cyber Situational awareness system that gathers information from WIU devices and Locomotives for the use of rail operators. In order to do so, we designed secure IDS components to reside on the On Board Units (OBU), signaling points (SP) and the WIUs that gather real-time status information and share them with the Back Office system to provide the cyber-security health of the communication fabric. Our system is able to detect and share information about command replay, hash breaking guessing and message corruption attacks.
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Nowocin, Walter. "Benefits of the Cloud for Calibration Management Software Systems." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2021.05.

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was directed by the federal government to define cloud computing to assist federal agencies in implementing cloud architectures. In 2011, NIST published NIST SP 800-145 “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing” and defined cloud computing as: “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. [1]” Cloud computing is a relatively new IT concept and as such, there is much to learn about the benefits that this business model can bring to organizations. Cloud computing will transform how you do business. The objective of this paper is to explain the benefits of using a cloud architecture for calibration management software systems. The following benefits and topics will be discussed: Work From Anywhere, Always On, Reduced IT Costs, Scalability, Automatic Updates, Reduce Coordination Costs, Improved Quality Control, Disaster Recovery, Environmental Sustainability, Increased Competitiveness, Stronger Security, and Compliance Considerations [2].
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Muller, Jens, Vladislav Mladenov, Juraj Somorovsky, and Jorg Schwenk. "SoK: Exploiting Network Printers." In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sp.2017.47.

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Reports on the topic "SP-network"

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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Dinosaur National Monument: Results of the 2019 field season on the Green River, and the third completed monitoring rotation. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284627.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. We also calculated a patch management index (PMI) to quantify the extent and density of invasive patches into a single value that helps identify the scale of the problem. Park managers can use this tool to help prioritize IEP treatment. At Dinosaur National Monument, the NCPN monitors IEPs in the Green and Yampa river corridors. This report summarizes data from monitoring on the Green River in 2019, and monitoring on the Yampa River in 2017, to represent the completion of the third monitoring rotation of the entire river corridor (2002–2005, 2010–2011, 2017–2019). During surveys conducted from June 26 to July 2, 2019, NCPN staff detected 12 priority IEP species and two non-priority species in a 84.6-hectare (209-acre) area along 74.4 kilometers of the Green River above (“upper”) and below (“low-er”) its confluence with the Yampa. A total of 2,535 IEP patches were detected. Of those patches, 24.2% and 15.6% were smaller than 40 m2 on the upper and lower Green River reaches, respectively. The patch management index (PMI) was low or very low for 95.7% of patches on the upper Green River and 90.9% of patches on the lower Green River. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), broad-leaf pepperwort (Lepidium latifolium), and yellow sweetclover (Meli-lotus officinalis) were the most widespread species. For the first time, NCPN monitoring detected teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) on the upper Green River. Yellow sweetclover has increased on all three river reaches during the survey years. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) was found at considerably lower levels than yellow sweetclover but has also increased on all three river reaches. Leafy spurge is increasing on the lower Green River and Yampa River. Cheatgrass was not monitored in the first rotation, but increased substantially in cover and percent frequency on all three river sections from 2010–2011 to 2017–2019. This increase may be due to a lack of recent high-flow scouring events. The highly regulated upper Green River generally has the highest number of IEPs, while the lower Green River has a moderate amount of IEPs. The largely unregulated flows of the Yampa River continue to result in a lower number of patches per kilometer, lower percent cover, and lower percent frequency than the upper or lower Green River. Network staff will return to the monument in 2022 to begin the fourth monitoring rotation.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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