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Journal articles on the topic 'Sp carbon chins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Castelli, Ivano E., Nicola Ferri, Giovanni Onida, and Nicola Manini. "Carbon sp chains in graphene nanoholes." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 24, no. 10 (February 21, 2012): 104019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/10/104019.

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2

Delodovici, Francesco, Daniel S. Choi, Mohamed Al Fahim, Larry A. Burchfield, and Nicola Manini. "Carbon sp chains in diamond nanocavities." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 39 (2019): 21814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03978c.

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3

Hu, Yun Hang. "Stability of sp carbon (carbyne) chains." Physics Letters A 373, no. 39 (September 2009): 3554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2009.07.067.

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4

Liu, Lingyu, Meng Hu, Chao Liu, Xiaowei Liang, Yilong Pan, Pan Ying, Zhisheng Zhao, Guoying Gao, Julong He, and Yongjun Tian. "Novel carbon polymorphs with cumulative double bonds in three-dimensional sp–sp2 hybrid framework." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 22 (2018): 15022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00107c.

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5

Завидовский, И. А., О. А. Стрелецкий, О. Ю. Нищак, А. А. Хайдаров, and А. В. Павликов. "Удельное электросопротивление тонких углеродных пленок с различной долей sp-связей." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 1 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.01.48677.453-18.

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The technique of ion-plasma pulse-arc sputtering of graphite in a methane atmosphere has been employed to produce carbon films with different phase composition. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that increase of methane concentration in the vacuum deposition chamber leads to the growth of fraction containing sp-hybridized chains. In the investigated films structure, resistivity strongly correlates with the content of sp-hybridized carbon.

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6

Lucotti, A., M. Tommasini, M. Del Zoppo, C. Castiglioni, G. Zerbi, F. Cataldo, C. S. Casari, et al. "Raman and SERS investigation of isolated sp carbon chains." Chemical Physics Letters 417, no. 1-3 (January 2006): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.016.

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7

Choi, Yongrok, Yunning Ma, Yu Zhao, and Hyoungsuk Lee. "Inequality in Fossil Fuel Power Plants in China: A Perspective of Efficiency and Abatement Cost." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054365.

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Quantifying the shadow price (SP) of CO2 emissions is the key to achieving China’s “double carbon” targets. Considering technology heterogeneity, this study applies stochastic frontier analysis combined with meta-frontier technology to estimate the environmental technical efficiency (ETE) and SP of CO2 emissions for China’s fossil fuel power plants from 2005 to 2015. This approach overcomes the lack of statistical inference and consistency of traditional methods and improves the reliability of results. The main results are as follows: (a) the average ETE of China’s power plants is 0.9444, indicating that inefficient production accounts for 5.66%. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. This result implies the need to design a carbon trading price mechanism. (c) The distribution of SP shows obvious corporation and geographical characteristics that are closely related to the level of regional economic development. Finally, the findings provide policy implications for the improvement of the efficiency and abatement of costs of power plants and the determination of carbon prices.

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8

Дождиков, В. С., А. Ю. Башарин, and П. Р. Левашов. "Исследование структуры градиентного аморфного углерода, полученного закалкой жидкого углерода." Журнал технической физики 93, no. 3 (2023): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2023.03.54844.206-22.

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A new method for obtaining graded amorphous carbon using quenching of a graphite melt on a diamond substrate is proposed. Using molecular dynamics modeling of liquid carbon quenching on a cold diamond substrate, it is shown that the amorphous carbon obtained in the experiment is a material with a strongly gradient structure and properties along the depth of the sample. This is due to the quenching rate decrease with the distance from the substrate in the range of 10^14-10^12 K/s. In this case, the density of amorphous carbon varies from 1.50 g/cm^3 to 1.93 g/cm^3. The spatial change in the structural characteristics of the obtained amorphous carbon was studied: the distribution of carbon atoms according to the degree of chemical bond hybridization (sp^1, sp^2, sp^3), the radial distribution function, the angular distribution function, and a statistical analysis of carbon rings were carried out. It is shown that at a pressure in liquid of 1 GPa, the carbon structure within the quenched zone changes from a highly porous structure with a large number of sp^1 chains of carbon atoms near the substrate to an amorphous graphene structure at the periphery.

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9

Mostaani, E., B. Monserrat, N. D. Drummond, and C. J. Lambert. "Quasiparticle and excitonic gaps of one-dimensional carbon chains." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 22 (2016): 14810–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07891a.

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10

Liu, Zhen, Jing Li, Yitao Zhang, Huarui Gong, Ruixing Hou, Zhigang Sun, and Zhu Ouyang. "Soil Microbes from Saline–Alkali Farmland Can Form Carbonate Precipitates." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020372.

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The formation of soil inorganic carbon in saline–alkali lands is of great significance for enhancing soil carbon sequestration. As for the formation mechanisms, in addition to the discovered abiotic mechanisms, the microbial mechanisms remain unclear. To address this, soil microbes were isolated from the saline–alkali farmland of the Yellow River Delta in north China. Then, their capacity for carbonate precipitation formation was determined. Ten microbial strains were obtained from the soil. Of these, seven strains (four bacterial strains and three fungal strains), belonging to Rhodococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Trichoderma sp., formed carbonate precipitates in the range of 89.77~383.37 mg. Moreover, the formation of carbonate precipitates was related to specific metabolisms by which microbes can raise the pH (from 7.20 to >8.00), suggesting that soil microbes that can enhance pH values by specific metabolisms containing the function of carbonate formation. Although an in situ experiment is needed to confirm such capacity, these results showed that soil bacteria and fungi existing in the saline–alkali farmland soil can form carbonate precipitates. The present study provided a microbial perspective for the mechanism of soil inorganic carbon formation, further implying a microbial potential of soil carbon sequestration in saline–alkali farmlands.

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11

Bildstein, B. "Cationic and neutral cumulene sp-carbon chains with ferrocenyl termini." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 206-207 (September 2000): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00248-4.

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12

SONOGASHIRA, K. "ChemInform Abstract: Cross-Coupling Reactions to sp Carbon Atoms." ChemInform 29, no. 23 (June 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199823259.

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13

Niu, Xian, Jianbin Zhang, Cuiyan Wang, Xiaoqian Jia, Jilagamazhi Fu, and Yonglu Suo. "Evaluation of the lignite biotransformation capacity of Fusarium sp. NF01 cultured on different growth substrates." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 8 (August 2021): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0157.

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The screening and studying the lignite solubilization/degradation capacities of indigenous microorganisms are key to exploring the in-situ biotransformation of lignite. Herein, a fungus was isolated from in-situ lignite samples and identified as Fusarium sp. NF01. This isolate was then cultured on four different carbon sources to evaluate its lignite-transformation capacity. When cultured on a solid agar medium containing sodium gluconate or sodium glutamate, Fusarium sp. NF01 completely liquefied 0.5 g of lignite within 6 days, and when cultured in a liquid medium containing sodium gluconate, the weight of lignite decreased by 28.4% within 7 days. Elemental analysis showed that the rate of lignite biodegradation was inversely proportional to the C:O ratio of the residual lignite samples. Additionally, a 5.9% biodesulfurization rate was achieved when Fusarium sp. NF01 was cultured in the presence of sodium gluconate. Finally, Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the residual lignite samples revealed relatively weak signal intensities of the signature peaks representing the following: aromatic ring side chains; ether, ester, and alcohol bonds; aromatic ring carbon–carbon double bonds; and aliphatic methyl and methylene. The results show that Fusarium sp. NF01 degrades lignite in a carbon-dependent manner and could be thus used for the bioconversion of subsurface coalbeds.

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14

Moras, Gianpietro, Lars Pastewka, Michael Walter, Johann Schnagl, Peter Gumbsch, and Michael Moseler. "Progressive Shortening of sp-Hybridized Carbon Chains through Oxygen-Induced Cleavage." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 50 (November 22, 2011): 24653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp209198g.

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15

Cataldo, Franco, Luca Ravagnan, Eugenio Cinquanta, Ivano Eligio Castelli, Nicola Manini, Giovanni Onida, and Paolo Milani. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Naphthyl-Terminated sp Carbon Chains: Dinaphthylpolyynes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 114, no. 46 (November 25, 2010): 14834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp104863v.

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16

Fratesi, Guido, Simona Achilli, Nicola Manini, Giovanni Onida, Anu Baby, Abhilash Ravikumar, Aldo Ugolotti, Gian Brivio, Alberto Milani, and Carlo Casari. "Fingerprints of sp1 Hybridized C in the Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra of Surface-Grown Materials." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122556.

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Carbon structures comprising sp 1 chains (e.g., polyynes or cumulenes) can be synthesized by exploiting on-surface chemistry and molecular self-assembly of organic precursors, opening to the use of the full experimental and theoretical surface-science toolbox for their characterization. In particular, polarized near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) can be used to determine molecular adsorption angles and is here also suggested as a probe to discriminate sp 1 /sp 2 character in the structures. We present an ab initio study of the polarized NEXAFS spectrum of model and real sp 1 /sp 2 materials. Calculations are performed within density functional theory with plane waves and pseudopotentials, and spectra are computed by core-excited C potentials. We evaluate the dichroism in the spectrum for ideal carbynes and highlight the main differences relative to typical sp 2 systems. We then consider a mixed polymer alternating sp 1 C 4 units with sp 2 biphenyl groups, recently synthesized on Au(111), as well as other linear structures and two-dimensional networks, pointing out a spectral line shape specifically due to the the presence of linear C chains. Our study suggests that the measurements of polarized NEXAFS spectra could be used to distinctly fingerprint the presence of sp 1 hybridization in surface-grown C structures.

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17

Cataldo, Franco. "Synthesis and Properties of Long Chains of sp‐Hybridized Carbon Atoms: Polyynes." Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 13, sup1 (April 2005): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/fst-200039212.

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18

Bildstein, B. "ChemInform Abstract: Cationic and Neutral Cumulene sp-Carbon Chains with Ferrocenyl Termini." ChemInform 31, no. 51 (December 19, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200051237.

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19

Стрелецкий, О. А., И. А. Завидовский, О. Ю. Нищак, А. Н. Щеголихин, and Н. Ф. Савченко. "Структурные свойства тонких пленок, полученных магнетронным распылением полидиацетилена." Физика твердого тела 62, no. 11 (2020): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2020.11.50073.113.

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In the work we studied films synthesized by RF-sputtering of monocrystalline polydiacetylene (PDA). Investigations of the structure were carried out by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We showed that obtained films had heterogeneous structure containing nanoscaled inclusions of initial PDA and irregularly distributed sp/sp2 fragments of carbon chains.

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20

Bryce, Martin R. "A review of functional linear carbon chains (oligoynes, polyynes, cumulenes) and their applications as molecular wires in molecular electronics and optoelectronics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 33 (2021): 10524–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01406d.

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21

Fan, Wei, Jinggui Wu, Sharaf Ahmed, Juan Hu, Xiaodong Chen, Xiaohang Li, Wenyue Zhu, and Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa. "Short-Term Effects of Different Straw Returning Methods on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality Index in Dryland Farming in NE China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072631.

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A field experiment was designed to assess the impacts of various maize straw (stover) returning methods on the basic soil physicochemical properties and soil quality index in Jilin (NE China). The five treatments were no return of straw residues (CK), straw incorporated evenly into the soil using the crashing-ridging technique (EIS), straw mulching (SM), straw plowed into the soil (SP), and straw returned in granulated form (SG). Relative to the no straw return, EIS effectively reduced soil bulk density and penetration resistance, increased soil total organic carbon (TOC), macroaggregate-associated carbon content, and the accumulation of soil humus. Furthermore, EIS improved soil structure and soil aggregate stability and significantly increased the soil quality index. Among the various straw returning treatments, SM and SG significantly promoted soil macroaggregation and increased macroaggregate-associated carbon content by 23.69% and 21.70% at the soil surface, respectively (as compared with the control). Compared to SM, SP, and SG, EIS significantly enhanced the aliphaticity and hydrophobicity of soil organic carbon. These results suggested that EIS was the most efficient straw return mode to increase TOC and improve soil structure and fertility.

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22

Wang, Xun, Foday Sahr, Ting Xue, and Baolin Sun. "Methylobacterium salsuginis sp. nov., isolated from seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64877-0.

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Three pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic strains, designated MP1, MP2 and MRT, were isolated from seawater from southern China and characterized. Analysis of their complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they constituted three separate phylogenetic groups, showing the highest levels of similarity with respect to some members of the genus Methylobacterium. PCR amplification also showed the gene coding for the α-subunit of methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF) to be present in all strains, indicating a methylotrophic metabolism. All three strains utilized d-fructose, ethanol and nutrient agar as carbon sources, but did not utilize sucrose, citrate, acetate or formaldehyde. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses, strain MRT represents a novel species, for which the name Methylobacterium salsuginis sp. nov. is proposed, with MRT (=CGMCC 1.6474T =NCCB 100140T) as the type strain. Strains MP1 and MP2 respectively represent novel strains of the species Methylobacterium oryzae and Methylobacterium lusitanum.

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23

Hu, Yun Hang. "Bending Effect of sp-Hybridized Carbon (Carbyne) Chains on Their Structures and Properties." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 5 (January 10, 2011): 1843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp111851u.

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24

SONOGASHIRA, K., and S. TAKAHASHI. "ChemInform Abstract: Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Between sp and sp2 Carbon Centers." ChemInform 25, no. 13 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199413304.

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25

Jiang, Zhou, Xin Shen, Bo Shi, Mengjie Cui, Yanhong Wang, and Ping Li. "Arsenic Mobilization and Transformation by Ammonium-Generating Bacteria Isolated from High Arsenic Groundwater in Hetao Plain, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159606.

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Arsenic (As) mobilization in groundwater involves biogeochemical cycles of carbon, iron, and sulfur. However, few studies have focused on the role of nitrogen-metabolizing bacteria in As mobilization, as well as in the transformation between inorganic and organic As in groundwater. In this study, the nitrogen and As metabolisms of Citrobacter sp. G-C1 and Paraclostridium sp. G-11, isolated from high As groundwater in Hetao Plain, China, were characterized by culture experiments and genome sequencing. The results showed Citrobacter sp. G-C1 was a dissimilatory nitrate-reducing bacterium. The dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and As-detoxifying pathways identified in the genome enabled Citrobacter sp. G-C1 to simultaneously reduce As(V) during DNRA. Paraclostridium sp. G-11 was a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and its nitrogen-fixing activity was constrained by As. Nitrogen fixation and the As-detoxifying pathways identified in its genome conferred the capability of As(V) reduction during nitrogen fixation. Under anaerobic conditions, Citrobacter sp. G-C1 was able to demethylate organic As and Paraclostridium sp. G-11 performed As(III) methylation with the arsM gene. Collectively, these results not only evidenced that ammonium-generating bacteria with the ars operon were able to transform As(V) to more mobile As(III) during nitrogen-metabolizing processes, but also involved the transformation between inorganic and organic As in groundwater.

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26

Ajikah, Linus, Olusola Adekanmbi, and Oluwatoyin Ogundipe. "Vegetation change inferred from the pollen record in recent sediments from around the Lagos-East coastal environment (SW Nigeria)." Acta Palaeobotanica 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2019-0004.

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Abstract Recent sediments from the coastal environment of Lagos East, Nigeria, were used to make a palynological reconstruction of the vegetation of the study area and to draw inferences about its palaeoclimate. A total of 8456 palynomorphs were recovered, dominated by pollen grains of Poaceae (13.96%), Cyperaceae (6.23%), Alchornea cordifolia Müll-Arg (8.36%) and Elaeis guineensis Jacq (2.41%). Others were Cyclosorus afer Ching (2.18%), Rhizophora sp. (0.45%), Nephrolepis sp. (1.03%), Celtis sp. (0.25%) and Pteris sp. (0.13%). The composition of the recovered palynomorphs suggests that the past vegetation was predominantly a mosaic of freshwater swamp, with open to dry climate, as indicated by the records of Cyperaceae, Alchornea cordifolia, Elaeis guineensis, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Acanthaceae and Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae. Radiocarbon dates obtained from two depths (surface and deepest) indicate that the sediments were deposited around the last 103.8 ± 0.4 pMC (percentage Modern Carbon) and 111.9 ± 0.4 pMC, hence in the late Holocene. The study identified fluctuations between wet and dry climatic conditions in the Holocene of this area.

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27

Chen, Shengnan, Huiyan He, Rongrong Zong, Kaiwen Liu, Yutian Miao, Miaomiao Yan, and Lei Xu. "Geographical Patterns of Algal Communities Associated with Different Urban Lakes in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031009.

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Urban lakes play an important role in drainage and water storage, regulating urban microclimate conditions, supplying groundwater, and meeting citizens’ recreational needs. However, geographical patterns of algal communities associated with urban lakes from a large scale are still unclear. In the present work, the geographical variation of algal communities and water quality parameters in different urban lakes in China were determined. The water quality parameters were examined in the samples collected from north, central, south, and coastal economic zones in China. The results suggested that significant differences in water quality were observed among different geographical distribution of urban lakes. The highest total phosphorus (TP)(0.21 mg/L) and total nitrogen (TN) (3.84 mg/L) concentrations were found in XinHaiHu (XHH) lake, it also showed highest the nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) (0.39 mg/L),total organic carbon(TOC) (9.77 mg/L), and COD Mn (9.01 mg/L) concentrations among all samples. Environmental and geographic factors also cause large differences in algal cell concentration in different urban lakes, which ranged from 4700 × 104 to 247,800 × 104cell/L. Through light microscopy, 6 phyla were identified, which includes Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, and Cryptophyta. Meanwhile, the heat map with the total 63 algal community composition at the genus level profile different urban lakes community structures are clearly distinguishable. Further analyses showed that the dominant genera were Limnothrix sp., Synedra sp., Cyclotella sp., Nephrocytium sp., Melosira sp., and Scenedesmus sp. among all samples. The integrated network analysis indicated that the highly connected taxa (hub) were Fragilaria sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Stephanodiscus sp. The water quality parameters of NO3−-N and NH4+-N had significant impacts on the structural composition of the algal community. Additionally, RDA further revealed distinct algal communities in the different urban lakes, and were influenced by NO2−-N, Fe, and algal cell concentrations. In summary, these results demonstrate that the pattern of algal communities are highly correlated with geographic location and water quality on a large scale, and these results also give us further understanding of the complex algal communities and effectively managing eutrophication of urban lakes.

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28

Hu, A., M. Rybachuk, Q. B. Lu, and W. W. Duley. "Direct synthesis of sp-bonded carbon chains on graphite surface by femtosecond laser irradiation." Applied Physics Letters 91, no. 13 (September 24, 2007): 131906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2793628.

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29

Owen, Gareth R., Frank Hampel, and J. A. Gladysz. "Syntheses and Structures of Tetraplatinum Bis(polyynediyl) Complexes with Laterally Arrayed sp Carbon Chains." Organometallics 23, no. 25 (December 2004): 5893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om049354f.

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30

Kavan, Ladislav, Marketa Zukalova, Martin Kalbac, Eiji Ōsawa, and Lothar Dunsch. "Interaction of nanodiamond with in situ generated sp-carbon chains probed by Raman spectroscopy." Carbon 44, no. 14 (November 2006): 3113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.007.

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31

Owen, Gareth R., Jürgen Stahl, Frank Hampel, and J. A. Gladysz. "Syntheses and Structures of Diplatinum Hexatriynediyl Complexes, in Which the sp Carbon Chains Are Shielded by sp3Carbon Chains." Organometallics 23, no. 25 (December 2004): 5889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om0493558.

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32

Hu, Anming, M. Rybachuk, Qing-Bin Lu, and Walt W. Duley. "Femtosecond pulsed laser deposition and optical properties of diamond-like amorphous carbon films embedded with sp-bonded carbon chains." Diamond and Related Materials 17, no. 7-10 (July 2008): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.03.024.

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33

Belenkova, Tatyana, Vladimir Chernov, and Viktor Mavrinskii. "Structures and Electronic Properties of Graphyne Layers." Materials Science Forum 845 (March 2016): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.845.239.

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Theoretical scheme is proposed for obtaining layered compounds consisting of carbon atoms in the sp-and sp2-hybridized states. This scheme is used to find the possibility of existing the seven basic structural modifications of graphyne: α-, β1-, β2-, β3-, γ1-, γ2-, and γ3-graphyne. The basic structural modifications of graphyne contain diatomic polyyne chains and consist only of carbon atoms in two different crystallographically equivalent states. Other nonbasic structural modifications of graphyne can be formed via the elongation of the carbyne chains and via the formation of graphyne layers with a mixed structure consisting of basic layer fragments. The geometrical optimization of the structure and the calculation of energy characteristics and electronic properties of graphyne layers were performed using ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. The energy of sublimation is found to be maximal for γ graphynes, which should be the most stable structural modifications of graphyne.

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34

Hong, Bo. "ChemInform Abstract: Photoresponsive and Redox-Active Supramolecular Systems with Rigid Sp Carbon Chain Spacers." ChemInform 30, no. 31 (June 14, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199931302.

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35

Zhou, Xian, Meng Pan, Haoyu Li, Chengming Tian, and Xinlei Fan. "Dieback of Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae) Caused by Cytospora haidianensis sp. nov. in China." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050524.

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Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae) is widely cultivated in China for its economic value and landscape benefits. Euonymus alatus dieback occurs due to members of Cytospora and has become one of the most severe diseases affecting its cultivation in China. In this study, we examined the causal agent of bough dieback on campuses of University Road, Beijing, China. Among the strains, three were morphologically consistent with Cytospora, showing hyaline and allantoid conidia. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated actin (ACT), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and beta-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences, along with morphological and physiological features, we propose C. haidianensis as a novel species. It was confirmed as a causal agent of dieback of E. alatus by pathogenicity tests. Mycelial growth of Cytospora haidianensis occurred at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 11.0, with optimum growth at 8.3, and at temperatures from 5 to 35 °C, with optimum growth at 19.8 °C. We also tested the growth of C. haidianensis in the presence of six carbon sources. Sucrose, maltose and glucose were highly efficient and xylose was the least. The ability of C. haidianensis to grow at 19.8 °C may help to explain its occurrence causing dieback of E. alatus in Beijing during the autumn season.

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36

Hashimoto, Wataru, Hikaru Miki, Noriaki Tsuchiya, Hirokazu Nankai, and Kousaku Murata. "Xanthan Lyase of Bacillus sp. Strain GL1 Liberates Pyruvylated Mannose from Xanthan Side Chains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 3765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.10.3765-3768.1998.

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ABSTRACT When the bacterium Bacillus sp. strain GL1 was grown in a medium containing xanthan as the carbon source, the viscosity of the medium decreased in association with growth, showing that the bacterium had xanthan-depolymerizing enzymes. One of the xanthan-depolymerizing enzymes (xanthan lyase) was present in the medium and was found to be induced by xanthan. The xanthan lyase purified from the culture fluid was a monomer with a molecular mass of 75 kDa, and was most active at pH 5.5 and 50°C. The enzyme was highly specific for xanthan and produced pyruvylated mannose. The result indicates that the enzyme cleaved the linkage between the terminal pyruvylated mannosyl and glucuronyl residues in the side chain of xanthan.

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Kambe, Nobuaki, Jun Terao, and Takanori Iwasaki. "ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Alkylation at sp3-, sp2-, and sp-Carbons." ChemInform 43, no. 15 (March 15, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201215247.

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Ma, Tian-Bao, Yuan-Zhong Hu, and Hui Wang. "Formation and coalescence of linear chains in growth of nanostructured sp–sp2 amorphous carbon films." Chemical Physics Letters 462, no. 1-3 (September 2008): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.07.088.

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Kreuzahler, Mathis, Abdulselam Adam, and Gebhard Haberhauer. "Linear Relationship between 13 C NMR Chemical Shifts and the Bending of sp‐Carbon Chains." Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 55 (July 8, 2019): 12689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201902617.

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40

Ye, Zhaolian, Jiashu Liu, Aijun Gu, Feifei Feng, Yuhai Liu, Chenglu Bi, Jianzhong Xu, et al. "Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 4 (February 20, 2017): 2573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2573-2017.

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Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for effective reduction of air pollution, while such studies have not been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and populated city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in this city. A suite of analytical techniques was employed to measure the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentration was found to be 108.3 µg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ∼ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (∼ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating that traffic emissions were more important than stationary sources. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC ∕ EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondary and primary ones. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to ∼ 5.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAH concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ∼ 21.5 % of the PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H ∕ C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N ∕ C), and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM ∕ OC) ratios of 0.54, 1.69, 0.11, and 1.99, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized oxygenated OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen-enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a local primary OA likely including species from cooking, coal combustion, etc.). On average, the POA contribution outweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions in the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species are likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.

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Deng, Tongchu, Huibin Lu, Youfen Qian, Xingjuan Chen, Xunan Yang, Jun Guo, Guoping Sun, and Meiying Xu. "Brevibacterium rongguiense sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 5205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004379.

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A Gram stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped actinomycete, strain 5221T, was isolated from the sediment of a river collected at Ronggui in the Pearl River Delta, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain formed a distinct lineage within the genus Brevibacterium and had the highest sequence similarity to Brevibacterium pityocampae Tp12T (96.7 %), followed by Brevibacterium daeguense 2C6-41T (96.5 %), Brevibacterium samyangense SST-8T (96.0 %) and Brevibacterium ravenspurgense 20T (95.9 %). The results of chemotaxonomic analyses, including detecting anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three phosphoglycolipids as the polar lipids, MK-8(H2) as the major menaquinone, and a DNA G+C content of 72.4 mol%, supported that strain 5221T is a member of the genus Brevibacterium . Furthermore, low sequence similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences, differences in fatty acid compositions and differential physiological characteristics such as enzyme activity and carbon sources utilization ability distinguished the isolate from its close relatives. Therefore, strain 5221T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium , for which the name Brevibacterium rongguiense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 5221T (=GDMCC 1.1766T=KACC 21700T).

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Zhang, Leilei, Shuijiao Liao, Yuanqing Tan, Gejiao Wang, Dan Wang, and Shixue Zheng. "Chitinophaga barathri sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_11 (November 1, 2015): 4233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000566.

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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YLT18T, was isolated from mountain cliff soil of Enshi Grand Canyon in China. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain YLT18T was related most closely to Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10T ( = DSM 24787T) and Chitinophaga cymbidii R156-2T ( = KCTC 23738T), with similarities of 96.7 and 96.2 %, respectively. In addition, strain YLT18T showed obvious differences from the closely related species in terms of esterase (C4) activity, acid production from fructose and rhamnose, and sole carbon source utilization by arabinose and rhamnose. The results from this polyphasic taxonomic study revealed that strain YLT18T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga barathri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YLT18T ( = KCTC 42472T = CCTCC AB 2015054T).

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Li, Weiguang, Duoying Zhang, Xiaofei Huang, and Wen Qin. "Acinetobacter harbinensis sp. nov., isolated from river water." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_5 (May 1, 2014): 1507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.055251-0.

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A bacterial strain, HITLi 7T, with nitrifying ability was isolated from the surface water of the Songhua River in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, oxidase-negative, non-motile coccobacilli, capable of growth in mineral media with acetate as the sole carbon source and ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. The cells did not grow at 37 °C, but did grow at 2 °C. The DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated a close relationship between this isolate and Acinetobacter lwoffii (98.4 % similarity for strain DSM 2403T). rpoB and gyrB gene sequences did not show significant similarity with those from other species of the genus Acinetobacter . Predominant cellular fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1ω9c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Acid was not produced from d-glucose, and gelatin was not hydrolysed by the isolate. Genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data from this study indicate that the isolate should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter . The name Acinetobacter harbinensis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, with HITLi 7T ( = CGMCC 1.12528T = KCTC 32411T) as the type strain.

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44

Zhao, Lin, Yu Wang, Wei He, and Ying Zhang. "Stem Blight of Blueberry Caused by Lasiodiplodia vaccinii sp. nov. in China." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 2041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-19-0079-re.

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Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are largely cultivated in China because of their nutritional benefits and economic value. Blueberry stem blight caused by members of the Botryosphaeriaceae has become one of the most severe diseases affecting blueberry cultivation in China. In this study, we examined the causal agent of blueberry stem blight at commercial greenhouse farms in the suburban area of Beijing, China. In total, 37 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from 100 stem blight samples of blueberry. Twelve of 37 strains were morphologically consistent with the genus Lasiodiplodia, showing ellipsoid to ovoid, one-celled, hyaline conidia that sometimes turned brown, with median septa and longitudinal striations when mature. These 12 strains were identified as belonging to a novel fungal species, Lasiodiplodia vaccinii, based on phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase II gene, β-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor-1α gene sequences as well as morphological characteristics. Pathogenicity tests indicated that L. vaccinii can cause twig blight on blueberry seedlings in the greenhouse. Mycelial growth of L. vaccinii occurred at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 10.0, with an optimum at 6.2, and at temperatures from 15 to 40°C, with an optimum at 30.3°C. Of the seven carbon sources tested, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were all highly efficient in supporting the mycelial growth of L. vaccinii, and xylose was the least effective. Of six nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract and tryptone best promoted mycelial growth of L. vaccinii. The ability of L. vaccinii to grow at high temperatures may help to explain its occurrence in Beijing greenhouses in this study.

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Feng, Guang-Da, Wendi Chen, Xian-Jiao Zhang, Jun Zhang, Sheng-Nan Wang, and Honghui Zhu. "Methylobacterium nonmethylotrophicum sp. nov., isolated from tungsten mine tailing." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004112.

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A novel pink-pigmented strain, designated 6HR-1T, was isolated from tungsten mine tailings in Jiangxi Province, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile with a polar flagellum (monotrichous). It could not utilize methanol, methylamine, formaldehyde or formate as a sole carbon source. The methanol dehydrogenase mxaF gene was absent but the xoxF gene was present. Phylogenomic and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses clearly showed that strain 6HR-1T was affiliated to the genus Methylobacterium and closely related to ‘Methylobacterium terrae’ 17Sr1-28T (98.6 %), Methylobacterium platani JCM 14648T (97.7 %), Methylobacterium variabile DSM 16961T (97.7 %) and Methylobacterium currus KACC 19662T (97.4 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 6HR-1T and its closely related type species were 87.4–88.7 and 33.2–36.3 %, respectively. It had summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acid and ubiquinone 10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. Polyphasic characterization supported that strain 6HR-1T represents a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium , for which the name Methylobacterium nonmethylotrophicum sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain 6HR-1T (=GDMCC 1.662T=KCTC 42760T).

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46

Promnuan, Yaowanoot, Takuji Kudo, Moriya Ohkuma, and Panuwan Chantawannakul. "Streptomyces chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces lannensis sp. nov., isolated from the South-East Asian stingless bee (Tetragonilla collina)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_5 (May 1, 2013): 1896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.045930-0.

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Two novel actinomycetes, strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T, were isolated from the South-East Asian stingless bee (Tetragonilla collina Smith 1857), collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T were consistent with the genus Streptomyces , i.e. the formation of aerial mycelia bearing spiral spore chains, the presence of the ll-isomer of diaminopimelic acid in cell walls, iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids with carbon chain lengths 14–17 atoms as the major fatty acids and MK-9(H8) as the predominant menaquinone plus minor amounts of MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H10). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T exhibited 98.8 and 98.1 % sequence similarity, respectively, with Streptomyces chromofuscus NRRL B-12175T and 98.9 % sequence similarity with each other. This study suggested that strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T were distinct from previously described species of the genus Streptomyces . In addition, the low degrees of DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolates and S. chromofuscus JCM 4354T warranted assigning strains TA4-1T and TA4-8T to two novel species. The names Streptomyces chiangmaiensis sp. nov. (type strain TA4-1T = JCM 16577T = TISTR 1981T) and Streptomyces lannensis sp. nov. (type strain TA4-8T = JCM 16578T = TISTR 1982T) are proposed. The species names indicate the geographical locations where the stingless bees reside.

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Movsisyan, Levon D., Martin D. Peeks, Gregory M. Greetham, Michael Towrie, Amber L. Thompson, Anthony W. Parker, and Harry L. Anderson. "Photophysics of Threaded sp-Carbon Chains: The Polyyne is a Sink for Singlet and Triplet Excitation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 52 (December 18, 2014): 17996–8008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja510663z.

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Cinquanta, Eugenio, Luca Ravagnan, Ivano Eligio Castelli, Franco Cataldo, Nicola Manini, Giovanni Onida, and Paolo Milani. "Vibrational characterization of dinaphthylpolyynes: A model system for the study of end-capped sp carbon chains." Journal of Chemical Physics 135, no. 19 (November 21, 2011): 194501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660211.

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Farley, Richard T., Qinglin Zheng, John A. Gladysz, and Kirk S. Schanze. "Photophysics of Diplatinum Polyynediyl Oligomers: Chain Length Dependence of the Triplet State in sp Carbon Chains." Inorganic Chemistry 47, no. 8 (April 2008): 2955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic701220t.

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Olejniczak, Andrzej, Nadezhda A. Nebogatikova, Aleksei V. Frolov, Miroslaw Kulik, Irina V. Antonova, and Vladimir A. Skuratov. "Swift heavy-ion irradiation of graphene oxide: Localized reduction and formation of sp-hybridized carbon chains." Carbon 141 (January 2019): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.042.

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