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Journal articles on the topic 'Sows Reproduction'
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1
Orcheruata, A. M., A. T. Sphine, and S. O. Nwokoro. "Performance characteristics of sows fed enriched diet from weaning to service in a commercial flock." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1033.
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Fielded data from 40 sows together with obtained data from 1999 to 2005 we analysed to determine the performance of sows fed enriched diet from weaning to a service in a commercialflock. The data were on litter size at birth (LTZVT), litter size at weaning (LTZWN), weaning age (WNAGE) forrowing interval (FRINT), purity (PRTY) and reproductive life (PRODLF). Mean value of 9.44(no), 6.04(no), 31.874, 453.58d and 3.65yrs were obtained for LTZBT, LTZWN, WNAGE, FRINT and PRODLF respectively. The influence of parity on sow's performance was analyzed while mortality and sows efficiency of production were determined. Anagonistic relationship existed between production and reproduction traite. Mortality amongst piglets increased with weaning age. Over 80% of sows hold PRINT of less than 157 days, farrowed litters greater than 7 and 55% weaned litter size of over 8. Parity had no influence on sow's performancw. Sow efficiency of production indices showed that sows had 2 farrowing/year, a farrowing rate of 84% and small litter index of less than 17%. The findings of this study have indicated that better performance of sows can be achieved by giving enriched diet (flushing) from weaning to a service rather than the practice of flushing only few days to service
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Wähner, M., and M. Richter. "Influence of cycle stimulation in weaned sows on fertility depend on season." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103521w.
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In summer high temperatures are stress for sows mostly. This situation often affects the reproduction physiology in animals strongly. As a result of that the fertility and reproduction performance of sows can be reduced. High environmental temperatures and especially heat accumulation in body of the animals affect the metabolism in high performance sows. That is important in very sensitive phases in reproduction cycle of sows like heat, pregnancy and lactation. Young sows (gilts and primiparous sows) are more sensitive than older sows. This situation demands zoo- and biotechnical activities expecting assistance for reproduction endocrinology in sows. Regarding this aim, the stimulation of cycle with eCG in weaned sows with different age was investigated. Following results were found: The effect of cycle stimulation with 800 IU eCG in weaned sows differ depend on age of sows, season and temperature. Cycle stimulation with eCG in summer (July, August, September) reduces risk of low fertility in sows. In other seasons the positive effect of biotechnical cycle stimulation is not clear generally. Especially in primiparous sows there is a positive effect of biotechnical treatment in summer. In older sows in 3rd to 5th litter the cycle stimulation has no significant positive effect on fertility. In sows with more than 5 litters cycle stimulations are necessary to save a high reproduction performance generally.
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Darin, A., I. Kirilkin, and A. Zemskova. "The effectiveness of a night shift when farrowing sows in reproduction farm LLC “Cherkizovo-Svinovodstvo”." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2008-05.
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The reproductive traits of sows are affected by many factors, so in the practice of work of reproduction farm should take into account the influence of each of the its in order to increase the output of piglets from the breeding stock, especially in industrial pig farms. The safe passage of farrowing has the big influence on the prolificacy of sows, since many piglets die directly during farrowing. Therefore, in modern industrial enterprises that use highly productive hybrid sows it is necessary to constantly monitor the passage of farrowing sows. Researches have been carried out in the reproduction farm of the pig breeding complex on the implementation of the night shift in the technological process at the farrowing site and its influence on the indicators of reproductive traits of sows of different age groups. The results of researches have shown that the implementation of the night shift in the reproduction farm of the industrial pig breeding complex using highly productive hybrid sows is necessary and economically has been justified. The prolificacy of sows of the 1st group was 12,9 piglets, and sows of the 2nd group by 0,6 % more. Per litter 1,25 stillborn piglets have been detected in the 1st experimental group of sows, while in the 2nd group there were by 0,25 piglets less. A total of 803 heads have been received in the 1st experimental group stillborn piglets, in the 2nd group 621 heads have been received or bys 182 heads less. When using the night shift in the 2nd group of sows additionally 182 piglets have been obtained. At the same time, the difference between the cost of additionally saved piglets and the cost of organizing the night shift for the two-week research period was 195,7 thousand rubles.
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Knecht, Damian, and Anna Jankowska-Mąkosa. "Endoparasites in Sows and Selected Reproduction Parameters." Acta Veterinaria 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyze infection of sows with endoparasites depending on their physiological phase and length of exploitation, as well as to determine the effects of infection on selected parameters of reproductive performance. 300 fecal samples collected from the same 75 sows in 4 phases of the production cycle (dry sows, low pregnancy, high pregnancy, lactation) were tested in the experiment. Species and gender diversity, prevalence, OPG and EPG were determined in the study. These parameters were compared in terms of the physiological phase and the length of exploitation. Selected parameters of reproductive performance of sows were also examined, which were compared taking into account the length of exploitation and sows infection with individual parasites.The study showed that the entire population was infected with two parasites at all physiological phases: Eimeria spp. (17% prevalence, 2275 OPG) and Ascaris suum (5% prevalence, EPG 79). The presence of parasites from Eimeria genus (prevalence 40%, OPG 2976) in sows exploited for 1 year had a negative effect on some parameters of their reproduction performance. Infected sows, compared to noninfected ones, were characterized by a lower number of live piglets (by 0.21 heads) (p≤0.05), a higher number of stillborn piglets (by 0.21 heads) (p≤0.05), as well as lower daily weight gains of piglets (by 15 g) (p≤0.05), which contributed to their lower weaning body weight (by 0.45 kg) (p≤0.05).
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Rypula, K., A. Kumala, P. Lis, K. Niemczuk, K. Płoneczka-Janeczko, and Z. Pejsak. "Rapid detection of Chlamydia/Chlamydophila group in samples collected from swine herds with and without reproductive disorders." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0052.
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Abstract The study was carried out in seven reproductive herds of pigs. In three of them reproductive disorders were observed. Three herds consisted of 10-50 and four consisted of 120-500 adult sows and they were called small and medium, respectively. Fifty-seven adult sows were randomly selected from herds. Serum samples were tested using the complement fixation test and swabs from both eyes and from the vaginal vestibule were examined using real-time PCR. All serum samples were negative. Infected sows were present in each of the study herds. In total, there were 28 positive samples (53%, 28/48) in real-time PCR in sows with reproductive disorders and 35 (53%, 35/66) in sows selected from herds without problems in reproduction. One isolate proved to be Chlamydophila pecorum, whereas all the remaining were Chamydia suis
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YOUNG, L. G., G. J. KING, J. S. WALTON, I. McMILLAN, M. KLEVORICK, and J. SHAW. "GESTATION ENERGY AND REPRODUCTION IN SOWS OVER FOUR PARITIES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-061.
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One hundred and eighty-seven gilts that conceived at first, second or third estrus after 140 d of age and that had a litter at 21 d post-farrow were fed three gestation energy levels 22.2, 29.2 and 36.2 MJ DE d−1 for four parities to assess the effect of gestation energy level on reproductive performance and longevity. All sows were fed the same lactation diet to appetite twice per day. Gestation energy level did not have a consistent effect on the number of piglets per litter. There was a small linear increase in piglet birth weight as gestation energy level increased. However, piglets from sows fed the medium level of energy were heaviest at 21 d. Weight and backfat thickness of sows tended to change with the level of food intake. Sows that ate more in gestation tended to eat less in lactation. There were significantly fewer sows fed the low gestation energy level completing parities three and four and this was the major factor accounting for fewer total piglets at 21 d post-farrow. Many of the sows not completing the trial on this treatment had 10 mm or less P2 backfat. The major reason for sow removal was due to sows not pregnant at the expected time of farrowing. Estimates were made of feed and energy intake during gestation and lactation consistent with good reproductive performance. Key words: Pigs, reproduction, energy, longevity
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van Heugten, Eric. "227 Awardee Talk: Advances in Lipid Nutrition of Modern Sows." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.217.
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Abstract The modern lactating sow is a highly productive female capable of producing large quantities of milk to support large, rapidly growing litters. The associated high energy and nutritional demands are challenging to meet, especially during heat stress, when tissue loss is extensive. Supplemental lipids are efficient energy sources with a high energy density and low heat increment associated with digestion and metabolism. Besides serving as concentrated energy sources, unsaturated lipids are important sources of essential fatty acids (EFA; linoleic acid, C18:2n-6; and α-linolenic acid, C18:3n-3). These EFA are precursors of various prostanoids that are important regulators of reproductive processes. Lactating sows fed diets devoid of supplemental lipids exhibited poor reproduction but was significantly improved by inclusion of only 2% unsaturated lipids. It was shown that lactation diets were deficient in both linoleic and α-linolenic acid and tissue reserves were inadequate in mature sows. A multi-trial meta-analysis showed that more sows were successfully bred and maintained pregnancy when they consumed supplemental linoleic acid. Further, increased linoleic acid intake during lactation progressively reduced the number of sows removed from the herd due to reproductive failure (sows not returning to estrus, returning to estrus after breeding, pregnancy loss). Based on dose-response curves, the near maximum response was achieved when sows consumed a minimum of 125 g/d of linoleic acid and 10 g/d of α-linolenic acid during lactation. Recent studies also demonstrated improved subsequent reproduction with supplemental linoleic and α-linolenic acid during lactation, but not during the post-weaning period. Responses appeared to be related to heavier fetoplacental units, elevated allantoic fluid volume, and higher embryo survival measured on day 30 of gestation in sows supplemented with linoleic acid during lactation and early gestation. Research demonstrated the importance of both EFA in lactating sows and their critical role in improving reproduction, thus resolving seasonal anestrus.
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Carrolli, C. M., P. B. Lynch, M. P. Boland, F. H. Austin, and J. F. Roche. "The Effect of Feed Intake on the Reproductive Performance of First Parity Sows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600024570.
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Thirty to forty per cent of sows in Irish herds are culled annually, one third of which are for reproductive problems such as anoestrus, anovulation and small litter size. Causes of reproductive failure include genetic, nutritional, environmental and behavioural factors. Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of sows during lactation and after weaning results in losses of liveweight and body fat (due to mobilization of body reserves) which can subsequently compromise reproductive performance. Although sows normally exhibit oestrus within one week of weaning, Sterning et al. (1990) observed that a large proportion of first parity sows showed a delayed return to oestrus. This results in a longer farrowing interval, fewer litters per sow per year and a reduction in herd output. The effects of malnutrition on reproduction are more severe in first parity than in multiparous sows (Kirkwood and Aherne, 1985). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low feed intake during lactation and postweaning on the subsequent reproductive performance of first parity sows.
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Lugarà, Rosamaria, Łukasz Grześkowiak, Jürgen Zentek, Susanne Meese, Michael Kreuzer, and Katrin Giller. "A High-Energy Diet and Spirulina Supplementation during Pre-Gestation, Gestation, and Lactation do Not Affect the Reproductive and Lactational Performance of Primiparous Sows." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091171.
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Feeding high-energy (HED) or high-fat diets during gestation and lactation to pigs may help cover the energy requirements of high-prolific sows but may also adversely affect their reproductive performance. The microalga Arthrospira plantensis (Sp), rich in bioactive compounds, has been described to exert beneficial health effects. The present study investigated the effects of HED and Sp intake during gestation and lactation in pigs. Twenty-four primiparous crossbred sows were fed either a HED or a control diet. Half of the sows per group were supplemented with 20 g/day of Sp. Despite a higher gross energy intake, consuming the HED did not affect the sows’ reproductive and lactational performance but significantly modified the colostrum fatty acid (FA) composition and tended to decrease the number of weaned piglets. The Sp supplementation did not affect the reproduction and lactation traits, but slightly affected the colostrum FA composition. A trend was observed for an interaction of diet and Sp in terms of offspring sex ratio with a 50% lower male-to-female ratio in the HED group compared to all other animals. These findings suggest that an HED and Sp intake hardly influence reproduction in sows. However, the HED modified the colostrum FA composition, whereas the Sp had only fewer effects, which may potentially affect offspring performance.
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Petrujkic, Tihomir. "New biotechnological procedures in swine reproduction." Veterinarski glasnik 56, no. 1-2 (2002): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0202111p.
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New biotechnological procedures and the use of hormones in swine breeding are aimed at increasing the number of piglets in the litter. In small herds and groups, selected sows with 16 mammary complexes (tits) can yield up to 32 piglets, or porkers, per year per sow. In order to achieve such reproduction results, special, individual stalls for sow deliveries are used, in addition to biotechnological methods, with a warm core and floor heating, phased diet and clean facilities. The ovulation value in swine is determined by their genetic and paragenetic effects, and it is often provoked and increased with injections and preparations for superovulation. However, the results vary, since any administration of hormone injecions can reduce the reproductive cycle, shorten the duration of estrus, or disrupt the work of ovaries and create cystic follicles. The use of follicle-stimulating hormones in quantities up to 1000 IU per animal for the induction and synchronization of estrus has become customary for sows and gilts, as well as the use of prostaglandins, the use of GnRH for increasing ovulation in swine and increasing the number of follicles >4 mm in diameter in the implementation of new biotechnologies in swine breeding, increases the number of ovulations and fertility in swine. In this way, reproduction is raised to the highest possible level, and artificial insemination of sows has 12 separate rules which enable better and more successful artificial insemination of sows.
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Akimov, Oleksandr, Irina Martinuk, Oleksandr Tsereniuk, and U. Chereuta. "PLANNING DECISIONS OF RECONSTRUCTION WORK IN PIG REPRODUCTION USING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 127 (2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2022-127-59-69.
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Commodity production of pork in GO «GF «Gontarivka» IT NAAS» was based on the use of four premises using a flow system with uneven groups each year. Using current technology, the production cycle was 5.5 to 9.5 months (average sow farrowing ranges 1.26-2.18 per year): four months of idle and growing periods and one and a half months of suckling period. This approach to the reproduction of livestock has led to overconsumption of feed for breeding stock, problems with the reproductive system in some animals and an increase in the total production cost. To improve the system of pig reproduction, the farm has formulated a step-by-step introduction of pig reproduction technology based on artificial insemination. Volume-planning solutions for the reconstruction of the farm have been developed, which provide for partial re-planning of the premises for reproduction of livestock, keeping boars, conditionally pregnant pigs and sows, and artificial insemination, to transfer to flow technology with uniform groups throughout the year. Reconstruction of the premises for the reproduction of livestock was carried out by organization of an arena and a laboratory for artificial insemination, the installation of individual machines for insemination of sows. The proposed reconstruction scheme provides for the maintenance of 99 single and pregnant sows in group machines, 30 sows in individual insemination machines, 14 breeding boars and up to 15 boars. The laboratory of the artificial insemination point provides the artificial insemination technician with operations on sperm quality assessment, preparation of media, dilution, assessment and storage of sperm, maintenance and storage of documentation, etc. The work of the artificial insemination point in Gontarivka IT NAAS was carried out in several stages.
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Khalak, Victor, Oleksandr Tsereniuk, Ludmila Gryshyna, and Mariia Ilchenko. "Reproductive qualities and the level of their phenotypical consolidation in sows of different operational value." Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest, no. 75-76 (December 7, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2021-75-76-01.
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The results of studies of indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value, the level of their phenotypic consolidation are presented, and the economic efficiency of using sows in experimental groups is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in LLC "Druzhba-Kaznacheevka" in the Dnepropetrovsk region and in the laboratory animal husbandry of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine". The work was carried out according to the program of scientific research of NAAS No. 31 "Genetic improvement of farm animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity (Genetics, conservation and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)" task "To determine the adaptive characteristics and the nature of inheritance of polygenic-hereditary traits of pigs of different genotypes and to develop an integrated system for creating a highly productive population". The object of research was sows of the Llarge White breed. It was found that the sows of the main herd, according to the characteristics of reproductive ability, belong to the I class and the elite class. The number of sows from which 100 or more live piglets were obtained during the breeding period is 27.45 %. Sows in the "high operational value" category exceed their peers in the "average operational value" category in terms of life expectancy and breeding use by 25.1 and 26.2 months respectively. A significant difference between the animals of the indicated groups was established according to the indicators "received farrowings", "received live pigs in total, head", "multiple births, head.", "weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" and the index of N. D. Berezovsky. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (К1, К2) range from – 0.050 to +0.231 units, which indicates an insufficient level of consolidation of reproductive qualities in sows of the controlled population and determines the vector of further work of agricultural specialists and research workers - curator of work in this direction. The coefficient of pair correlation between the breeding index of sow reproductive qualities (SIRQS) and the absolute indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value ranges from –0.525 (tr = 3.09) to +0.934 (tr = 81.8). The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the "high operational value" category – + 3.41 %, and its cost is 92.44 UAH /heard/ farrowing. Key words: sow, breed, reproductive qualities, operational value, coefficient of phenotypic consolidation, cost of additional production, variability, correlation.
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Hoving, L. L., N. M. Soede, E. A. M. Graat, H. Feitsma, and B. Kemp. "Reproductive performance of second parity sows: Relations with subsequent reproduction." Livestock Science 140, no. 1-3 (September 2011): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.02.019.
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Whittemore, C. T. "Nutrition reproduction interactions in primiparous sows." Livestock Production Science 46, no. 2 (August 1996): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(96)00019-x.
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Hanczakowska, Ewa, Karol Węglarzy, and Małgorzata Bereza. "Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction Cycles." Annals of Animal Science 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10220-012-0008-4.
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Effectiveness of Rapeseed Press Cake (RPC) in Sow Feeding in Two Reproduction CyclesThe possibility of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed press cake (RPC) in feed was determined over two reproductive cycles in an experiment with 54 pregnant and lactating sows allocated to three groups with 18 gilts per group. Group I received the standard mixture, group II received RPC as the main protein source from insemination to 100 days of pregnancy, and the control diet during late pregnancy and lactation. In group III, RPC replaced all of soybean meal protein in early pregnancy and one-half of soybean meal protein during late pregnancy and lactation. Half of the sows in each group received a iodine supplement (1 mg/kg feed). Sows were weighed at mating, farrowing and weaning. Piglets were weighed at 1 and 28 days of age (weaning). Samples of milk were collected at 14 days postpartum to determine the content of protein, fat, lactose and iodine. After the first reproductive cycle sows were mated and allocated to the respective groups as in the first cycle. Neither RPC nor iodine had any effect on body weight of the sows. RPC had a beneficial effect on body weight of piglets at birth and weaning, which could be due to a higher content of fat and amino acids in sow RPC diets. RPC, especially when given throughout pregnancy and lactation significantly lowered iodine content in sow milk. Piglets grew significantly faster in the second compared to the first reproductive cycle (184 and 178 g per day, respectively). Iodine supplemented to sows reduced piglet daily weight gain from 185 to 177 g. It is concluded that rapeseed press cake can replace soybean meal in the diets for pregnant and lactating sows without a negative effect on their performance while improving piglet body weight.
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Kramarenko, S. S., S. I. Lugovoy, A. V. Lykhach, A. S. Kramarenko, V. Ya Lykhach, and A. A. Slobodianyk. "Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on the reproduction traits in Ukrainian Meat sows." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9001.
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Purebred Ukrainian Meat (UM) breed pigs, which came from Limited Liability Company “Tavriyskie Svin'I” herd located in Skadovsky district (Kherson region, Ukraine), were studied. The reproduction traits investigated were total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), frequency of stillborn piglets (FSB), number of weaned piglets (NW), total weaning weight of litter (TWWL) and average piglet weaning weight (APWW) for sows farrowing between 2006 and 2012. The analysis covered reproductive characteristics of 49 sows in the first nine parities (n = 457 litters). The sows originated from different the UM dam lines. Two month farrowing periods (January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, and November/December) were constructed and used for reproduction traits. Data were analyzed by use of general linear model (GLM) procedure with the statistical package MINITAB v. 15. The estimates of reproduction traits for UM sows were 10.73 ± 0.43 ind. for TNB, 9.36 ± 0.39 ind. for NBA, 10.5 ± 2.2% for FSB, 9.07 ± 0.30 ind. for NW, 128.1 ± 5.7 kg for TWWL and 14.39 ± 0.49 kg for APWW. Litter size had a nonlinear effect on probability of stillbirth; piglets from small and large litters were more susceptible to die at farrowing with a minimum probability (near 5.0%) for intermediate litters of 8–10 piglets. Results here indicate that weak genetic variation exists in different the UM dam lines for the reproduction traits. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that influence of parity on the observed traits of litter size was highly statistically significant (P < 0.05–0.001). The TNB, NBA and NW decreased in the first-second parities and thereafter increased with the number of parities, reaching a maximum in parities 5 and 6. FSB was lowest in parities 2, 3 and 5. Farrowing month significantly influenced some reproduction traits also. Sows farrowing in May/June had the highest NW, TWWL and APWW.
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Pu, Qiang, Jie Chai, Li Chen, Changbao Liu, Changfeng Yang, Yongfu Huang, and Jia Luo. "Exosome miRNA Expression in Umbilical Cord Blood of High-Parity Sows Regulates Their Reproductive Potential." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182456.
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The objective of modern pig breeding is to improve the genetic reproduction performance potential of sows, including the litter size and weight of piglets. During the gestation period, the umbilical cord facilitates placenta–fetal communication; thus, it plays an indispensable role in intrauterine embryonic development and fitness. Herein, we analyzed the molecular mechanism in declining reproductive potential in high-parity sows by assessing the changes in the umbilical cord blood. Firstly, we analyzed the reproductive characteristics data of sows, followed by histological analysis of the umbilical cord phenotype. Next, we evaluated the effect of umbilical cord blood exosomes (UCB-EXO) on angiogenesis. Finally, the miRNA expression in UCB-EXO from high-parity sows with poor reproductive performance (OS) and multiparous sows with excellent reproductive performance (MS) was assessed. Overall, the best reproductive performance was at parity 3–7, gradually decreasing after parity 8 and angiogenesis was repressed in OS. However, exosomes derived from MS (Exo-MS) exhibited pro-angiogenesis properties but were diminished in exosomes derived from OS (Exo-OS). Additionally, the angiogenesis of sows was significantly decreased, increasing the risk of disease with the increase in parity, greatly limiting the reproductive potential of the sows. At the same time, miR-188-5p expression in Exo-OS was significantly higher than in Exo-MS (p < 0.01), implying that it may play an important role in regulating the lifespan and reproductive potential of sows. These findings demonstrated that miRNAs in UCB-EXO play a central role in intrauterine development. Further, the findings suggest novel insights on reproductive potential, which provide a reference for increasing the sow reproductive efficiency.
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Krasnova, О. А., Е. V. Khardina, and N. А. Sannikova. "СOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SOW FAMILIES ACCORDING TO REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 3(50) (September 8, 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-173-178.
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Scientific-economical experiment was carried out on evaluation of sow reproductive qualities of different families obtained and grown in LLC «Kigbayevsky bacon» of Sarapul district of Udmurt Republic and sows, bought in LLC «Otrada gen» of Lipetsk region. Analyzing reproduction of breeding stock of home selection, according to the first farrow it can be said that the most multiple lambing is observed in sows of Otrada family (new selection) – 15,72 heads. Out of home selection sows families Osobaya (13,33 heads), Reklama (12,3 heads) can be noticed. The worst multiple lambing was noticed at sow of Luchesa and Lily families. The largest nests were observed in sows of Beatrice family (96,5 kg), Luchesa – 88,75 kg. Productive analysis of the second farrow sows established that high multiple lambing was in sows of families Beatrice – 14,49 heads, Luchesa – 13,08 heads, Ovatsii – 13,58 heads. Sows’ multiple lambing of new selection was 17,48 heads. Comparative analysis of reproductive qualities of large white sows of home selection in LLC «Otrada gen» showed that sows of LLC «Otrada Gen» selection are characterized by higher multiple lambing and number of young pig weaning, 17,48 and 13,16 heads, respectively, but they cave on sows of LLC «Kigbayevsky bacon» in livability of young pigs weaning on 15,5 %, weight of one young pig to weaning for 2,48 kg.
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Polozyuk, Olga Nikolaevna, and Evgeniy Sergeevich Polozyuk. "EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS ON REPRODUCTION FUNCTION OF BREEDING SOWS." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i7pp55-56.
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The results of studies on the effectiveness of use in the diets of pregnant and sucking sows probiotic based on bacteria Bacillus strains bacillus B. subtillus and B. amyloliquefaciens are presented. The use of the probiotic had a positive effect on the reproductive qualities of sows, which allowed increasing the milkiness of sows of the experimental group by 24.1% compared to the analogues of the control group. The comprehensive indicator of reproductive qualities of breeding sows of the experimental group were higher than in the control by 16.8 points. The weight of the piglet's nest at weaning was 18.7 kg more than in the control group. The safety of piglets in the control group was 86.9%, and in the experimental group it increased to 92.9%.
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Daryin, A. I., N. N. Kerdyashov, A. A. Busov, and E. A. Zykina. "Influence of technological factors on the reproductive performance of sows in an industrial breeder." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 953, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/953/1/012015.
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Abstract The most important element of pork production technology is herd reproduction. Among all reproductive qualities of sows, the most important are prolificacy, heavy litter, and preservation of piglets during the suckling period. Therefore, the study of reproductive qualities of pigs is relevant to the theory and practice of pig breeding. The research was carried out under reproductive conditions in an industrial pig breeding complex. It is noted that the greatest increase in sows prolificacy is observed when the service-period is 21-28 days, i.e. when one heat is skipped, as compared to sows with a service-period of 1-7 days, i.e. without heat skipping. The highest farrowing rate was observed in groups of sows without heat skipping, but taking into account the prolificacy, the highest number of piglets was obtained in groups of sows with a service-period of 21-28 days - 33.35-34.70 animals. The survival rate of piglets in all groups of sows was 90.3%. Stillbirth rate was 0.85 heads per sow. Slight variations in this indicator from 0.79 to 0.95 were recorded depending on the service period of the sows. On average the crushed piglets amounted to 0.76 animals per nest. There were slight fluctuations from 0.73 to 0.79 depending on the service-period of the sows. Fetal mummification of fetuses was 0.37 per nest. It is noted that there is a tendency to increase the number of mummified fetuses with increasing service-period of sows. The number of mummified fetuses increases with increasing multiplicity of sows, which was observed in groups of sows with a service period of 21-28 and 45 days or more.
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Kashirina, Lydia, Vitaly Kulakov, Elman Saitkhanov, and Sergey Denikin. "The influence of nanosized iron particles on morphological parameters of blood and reproductive ability of sows in the third trimester of gestation." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128504011.
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The article presents the results of experimental studies on the use of nanosized iron powder in the third trimester of gestation on the reproduction processes of sows. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the farm. The physiological state of pregnant sows was determined by hematological parameters. It was found that iron NRP contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood of sows, compared with the control 20 days before farrowing, the content of red blood cells in the blood of experimental sows was 6.3% significantly higher compared to the control, and hemoglobin by 3.8 %. For 10 days, before farrowing, respectively, by 6.9 % and 5.2% higher. The indicators that characterize the reproductive ability of sows are: multiplicity, large fertility, the number of piglets in the nest and their average live weight. The use of ultrafine iron powder in the diets of pregnant sows in the third trimester of gestation contributed to the improvement of the overall physiological state, confirmed by the improvement of hematological parameters and had a positive effect on reproductive ability. The weight of the nest in the experimental group of sows on the day of farrowing was 4.1 % higher, the large-fruiting rate was 3.1 %, compared to the control animals.
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Varley, M. A., and T. Atkinson. "Weaning at birth: the effect on the reproduction of the sow." Animal Science 41, no. 3 (December 1985): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036448.
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AbstractThirty-six Landrace × Large White sows were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups. Sows on treatment A (no. = 6) did not lactate at all and the piglets from these sows were removed at birth. Sows on treatment B (no. = 15) lactated for 1 day after parturition and sows on treatment C (no. = 15) acted as controls and lactated for 42 days. The reproductive performance of each treatment group was recorded and all sows were bled every 2nd day from parturition to 30 days post partum. All blood samples were assessed for oestradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. In treatments A and B, a high proportion of anoestrous sows was seen (0·28). None of the sows in treatment C became anoestrous. The mean interval from weaning to the onset of oestrus for treatments A and B (19·0 (s.e. 6·5) days and 19·7 (s.e. 3·8) days respectively) were not significantly different, while that for treatment C (5·6 (s.e. 0·4) days) was significantly shorter (P < 0·01). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent farrowing for treatments A, B and C respectively was 7·3 (s.e. 0·8), 9·1 (s.e. 0·8) and 10·5 (s.e. 0·67) (P < 0·05). The calculated annual sow productivity (piglets born alive per sow per year), excluding the first litter born, for treatments A, B and C respectively was 18·4, 22·8 and 22·9. Weaning at, or close to, parturition did not, therefore, influence sow productivity compared with weaning after 6 weeks of lactation.
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Darin, A., and A. Busov. "Live weight and livability of piglets received from sows with different duration of open days period and lactation." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2007-06.
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The most important element of pork production technology is the reproduction of the herd. Among all the reproductive traits of sows, there is a special emphasis on the heavy litter or live weight of piglets at birth, which largely determines the growth rate of young animals in further age periods. The livability of piglets ultimately determines how many young pigs will come to fattening and how much pork will be obtained. Therefore, the study of the reproductive traits of pigs is relevant for the theory and practice of pig breeding. The researches have been carried out under the environments of the reproductor of an industrial pig breeding complex, where the infl uence of the duration of the days open period and lactation of sows (suckling period) on their heavy litter and livability of piglets has been studied. The most signifi cant increase in sow fertility has been found, depending on the length of the days open period, when only one heat was missed. In the group of sows when weaning piglets at the age of 18, 21 and 24 days and the duration of the days open period of 21–28 days, the heavy litter was 0,054–0,197 kg more than when using sows with the days open period of 1–7 days. When inseminating sows with the days open period of 45 days or more compared to the group of sows with the days open period of 21–28 days, the increase in their heavy litter has not been observed. For example, the average heavy litter in the group of sows with the days open period of 45 days or more was 0,06 kg less than in sows with the days open period of 21–28 days. On average the groups of sows during insemination in the second heat after weaning piglets have shown the increase in heavy litter and livability of piglets compared to the group of sows without missing the heat. Sows inseminated in the second heat with the days open period of 21–28 days increased by 0.106 kg (P < 0,001) compared to the group of sows without heat missing. The researches have shown the increase in the livability of piglets in the groups of sows with the days open period of 21–24 and 45 days by more than 0,7–2,2 %, compared with the group of sows with the days open period of 1–7 days.
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DeRouchey, Joel M., Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Steve S. Dritz, and Mariana Boscato Menegat. "27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.023.
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Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.
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Nguyen, N. H., C. P. McPhee, and C. M. Wade. "Genetic variation and responses in reproductive performance of sows in lines selected for growth rate under restricted feeding." Animal Science 82, no. 1 (February 2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc20052.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine genetic changes in reproduction traits in sows (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), average piglet birth weight (ABW) and number of piglets weaned (NW), body weight prior to mating (MW), gestation length (GL) and daily food intake during lactation (DFI)) in lines of Large White pigs divergently selected over 4 years for high and low post-weaning growth rate on a restricted ration. Heritabilities and repeatabilities of the reproduction traits were also determined. The analyses were carried out on 913 litter records using average information-restricted maximum likelihood method applied to single trait animal models. Estimates of heritability for most traits were small, except for ABW (0·33) and MW (0·35). Estimates of repeatability were slightly higher than those of heritability for TNB, NBA and NW, but they were almost identical for ABW, MW, GL and DFI. After 4 years of selection, the high growth line sows had significantly heavier body weight prior to mating and produced significantly more piglets born alive with heavier average birth weight than the low line sows. There were, however, no statistical differences between the selected lines in TNB or NW. The lower food intake of high relative to low line sows during lactation was not significant, indicating that daily food intake differences found between grower pigs in the high and low lines (2·71 v. 2·76 kg/day, s.e.d. 0·024) on ad libitum feeding were not fully expressed in lactating sows. It is concluded that selection for growth rate on the restricted ration resulted in beneficial effects on important measures of reproductive performance of thea sows.
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Humpolíček, P., T. Urban, and P. `. Horák. "Influence of <i>ESR1</i>L and <i>FSHB</i> genes on litter size in Czech Large White sows (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 49, no. 2 (October 10, 2006): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-49-152-2006.
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Abstract. The effects of the candidate genes for reproduction, the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) and the follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit gene (FSHB), on the performance of Large White sows in the three different herds have been examined. A total number of 271 sows (in case of the ESR1 gene) and 171 sows (in case of the FSHB gene) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP method and analysed to determine whether polymorphisms of the genes influence the efficiency of Large White sows. The influence of these genes in the first, the first to the fourth and the second to the fourth litters was investigated. To discover the genes' associations with reproduction traits, mixed linear models were used. The influence of ESR1 and FSHB genes was not very conclusive in the studied populations. The influence of these genes was different depending on the herd, in which the sows were bred or on the set of analyzed litters.
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Wierzchowska, Agata, Anita Kołodziej-Skalska, Dorota Napierała, Maria Kawęcka, and Eugenia Jacyno. "The association of leptin gene polymorphism with reproductive usefulness and selected blood biochemical indicators of hybrid sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 4 (2012): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281040333.
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Rapid developments in the field of molecular genetics have led to new possibilities to identify polymorphic genes and to detect quantitative trait loci with major effects on economically important reproduction traits. Our study has defined the influence of polymorphism at position 3469 of the leptin gene on reproductive performance in sows as well as on selected blood biochemical indices in pregnant sows The research involved 173 multiparous sows after the second and third farrowing, crossbreds of Polish Large White and Polish Landrace breeds. The collected data on reproductive performance of sows concerned the number of live births, the number of weaned piglets and the length of weaning-to-estrus interval in the sows. Parities from the first to the fourth were analysed. A sample of blood was collected from each sow in the third month of pregnancy in order to isolate and then analyse DNA with the use of the PCR-RFLP methods. Blood biochemical analyses were performed as well. Two alleles of the leptin-coding gene (T and C) were found in examined herd. In the second parity, where the live birth number was concerned, the difference between the CC (10.4) and TT (9.0) leptin genotypes proved to be significant (P ≤ 0.05). Analyses of blood biochemical indices revealed virtually no significant differences between the genotypes compared. However, it was noted that the glucose concentration was the highest in the sows with TT genotype and the lowest in the sows with CC genotype.
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Nevrkla, Pavel, Zdeněk Hadaš, and Pavel Horký. "Effect of Minimal Disease in a Herd on Reproductive Parameters of Sows." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 4 (2017): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765041247.
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The aim of this study was evaluation of reproductive performance in sows from herds with minimal disease. Total number of 40 sows were included in the observation and evaluated from the 1st to the 4th parity. The highest reproductive performance was recorded at the 3rd parity. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the 1st and the 3rd parity and highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was recorded between the 2nd and the 3rd parity in number of live‑born piglets. Comparison of numbers of stillborn piglets showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean values of the 1st and the 4th parity. The results also showed highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in number of reared piglets between the 3rd and the 4th parity. The conclusions of this study indicate that creation and maintenance of herds of sows with high health status lead to excellent results in the area of pig reproduction.
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Knights, T. E. N., R. R. Grandhi, and S. K. Baidoo. "Interactive effects of selection for lower backfat and dietary pyridoxine levels on reproduction, and nutrient metabolism during the gestation period in Yorkshire and Hampshire sows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-116.
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of selection for lower backfat over six generations, and two dietary supplemental pyridoxine levels (1.0 vs. 15.0 ppm) on sow reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in second-parity Yorkshire and Hampshire sows. Feeding increased pyridoxine at 16.0 vs. 2.6 ppm from day of weaning through gestation did not improve (P > 0.05) the sow reproductive performance in experiment 1 (N = 32) or 2 (N = 66). In exp. 2, feeding increased pyridoxine reduced the weaning to estrus interval (4.6 vs. 5.7 d, P = 0.11). It also increased the average daily apparent retention of nitrogen during gestation in both experiments 1 (17.2 vs. 7.8 g, P = 0.11) and 2 (10.5 vs. 5.0 g, P = 0.10). Sows fed increased pyridoxine had higher (P < 0.01) plasma pyridoxal and pyridoxic acid levels throughout the gestation period. The overall results indicate that increased dietary pyridoxine tended to have a positive influence on sow weaning to estrus interval and nitrogen metabolism, and it also tended to have a positive influence on litter size only in Yorkshire select line of sows. Key words: Breed, line, sows, pyridoxine, reproduction, metabolism
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BOGDAN, Liviu Marian, Sidonia BOGDAN, Flavia RUXANDA, Vasile RUS, Bianca MATOSZ, and Viorel MICLAUS. "Implication of Utilizing Phytoestrogens Infested Fodder on Fertility and Histological Structure of Ovaries and Oviduct in Sow." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 74, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12470.
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Reproductive efficiency is an essential requirement for the profitability of swine farms and the quality of fodder can have a negative impact on this aspect. We carried out investigations regarding the influence of fodder quality on reproductive efficiency and the histological structure of the ovary and oviduct in 45 sows from a farm in Bihor county. We observed that corn utilized in feeding the sows was stored in inadequate conditions which allowed the development of moulds. The combined fodder, resulted after grinding the cereals, was stored directly on the concrete floor in inappropriate areas, concerning the hygiene. The animals were given green fodder directly on the stall’s floor, which favours mould expansion. Upon histological examination, the ovary presented an exaggerated activity and there was a marked congestion in the oviduct, with a tendency of the epithelium toward pseudostratification. The precarious conditions of cereal and combined fodder storing and administration of green fodder, brought optimum conditions for mould development. Under the action of the latter factors, the reproductive performance drastically decreased along with compromising the sows used for reproduction.
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Feng, Tao, Linli Xiao, Jiahua Bai, Hongxiang Ding, Liyan Pang, Yuqing Song, Yusheng Qin, Xiaoling Xu, Jing Wang, and Yan Liu. "N-Carbamylglutamate Improves Reproductive Performance and Alters Fecal Microbiota and Serum Metabolites of Primiparous Sows during Gestation after Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination." Biology 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11101432.
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N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation during gestation improves reproductive performance in sows after conventional artificial insemination. However, whether NCG can improve reproductive performance and change fecal microbiota and serum metabolite levels during pregnancy in sows after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) remains unclear. Two hundred multiparous sows were assigned a diet from mating until farrowing: control (corn–soybean meal) or NCG supplementation (0.05% NCG). At days 30, 70, and 110 of gestation and after farrowing, maternal microbial diversity and serum metabolites were studied. Supplementation of NCG increased the number of piglets born alive and the litter weight (all p < 0.05) and altered the fetal microbial community during gestation. Some genera were particularly abundant at different time points during gestation and after farrowing, but none were commonly abundant across all four time points. Metabolic analysis revealed that NCG supplementation significantly increased the serum concentrations of NCG, ferulic acid, cinnamoylglycine, 3-phenyllactic acid, and gamma-glutamylglutamic acid in the NCG group compared with levels in the control group. Our results reveal that NCG supplementation during gestation improves reproductive performance in sows after FTAI, exerting both direct (increased serum NCG levels) and indirect effects (altered intestinal microbiome and serum metabolites) on sow reproduction and, ultimately, improving placental and fetal development.
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Khalak, V. I. "Life expectancy and productivity of sows of different types of adaptation." Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.2.2022.124-131.
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The paper presents the results of studies of life expectancy and reproductive qualities of sows of plus-adaptive, modal and minus-adaptive types of adaptation, the criteria for the selection of highly productive animals according to the index "pig-uterus adaptation type (TASv) (methodology of the author of the article) is determined, the economic efficiency of the use of animals in experimental groups is calculated The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State University "Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences". The work was carried out according to the scientific research program No. 31 "Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity (Genetics, preservation and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)".
Evaluation of sows by indicators of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, months; duration of tribal use, months; received farts; all piglets were obtained, goal; received live piglets, goal; multifertility, goal; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg; preservation of piglets until weaning, %. Biometric analysis of research results was carried out according to the methods of V.P. Kovalenko et al. (2010).
The results of the study showed that the sows of the controlled population belong to the I class and the elite class according to the average indicators of multifertility and nest weight at the time of weaning. The coefficient of variation of these traits in sows of the large white breed ranges from 9.48 to 10.02%. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of sows according to the index "adaptation type of the sow", a reliable difference between animals of plus- and minus adaptive types was established for life expectancy, the duration of breeding use of the sow, as well as the indicators "obtained farts", "obtained live piglets total, goal", "multifertility, head" and "weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg". The number of reliable pairwise correlation coefficients between signs of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed is 57.14%. This biometric indicator ranges from –0.137 (tr=0.81) to +0.987 (tr=382.10). The criterion for selecting highly productive sows according to the "type of sow adaptation" index is 29.88-45.21 points.
The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the plus-adaptive type +2.88%, and its value is +79.51 UAH. / head / farrowing
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Gilleland, Carson, Zack Peppmeier, and Mark Knauer. "Impact of Sow Transition Diet and Genetic Line on Sow Reproduction Under Heat Stress Conditions." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.003.
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Abstract The objective was to evaluate a sow transition diet and genetic line for farrowing duration and sow lactation characteristics. One batch of second parity sows (n = 78) were farrowed at the NCDA Tidewater Research Station in July. Sows consisted of two genetic lines, one selected since 2012 for young age at puberty and the other selected for old age at puberty. From day 109 of gestation until day 3 of lactation, sows were fed either 2.73 kg of a corn-soy lactation diet (3322 Kcal ME/kg, 0.99% SID lysine) once per day or 1.36 kg twice per day of a transition diet (3489 Kcal/kg, 0.71 SID lysine). The transition diet contained 45% wheat middlings, 8% added soybean oil, 3000 FTU/kg of phytase and 500 ppm zinc sulfate. Continuous traits and categorical traits were analyzed in SAS using linear models and chi-square tests, respectively. Results showed sows fed the transition diet farrowed numerically faster (P = 0.18) than those receiving the lactation diet (3:04 vs. 3:47). Transition diet fed sows tended (P = 0.10) to have a shorter wean-to-estrus interval than sows fed the lactation diet (5.27 vs. 5.69 days). Sows from the young puberty genetic line tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater average daily feed intake during lactation when compared to old puberty line females (4.92 vs. 4.71 kg). Young puberty sows also had a greater (P = 0.03) percentage of females exhibiting estrus by day 7 after weaning when compared to the old puberty genetic line (80 vs. 57%). No differences (P = 0.39 to 0.87) were detected between diets or genetic lines for stillborn piglet percentage, average piglet birth weight, average piglet weaning weight or litter size at weaning. Results suggest young puberty sows are more likely to return to estrus under the conditions of this study.
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Matoušek, V., A. Čermáková, N. Kernerová, and P. Králová. "Analysis of prolificacy in sows of hyperprolific lines of Large White breed." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 4 (December 6, 2011): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4009-cjas.
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The objective of the paper was to evaluate the results of reproductive performance of sows in some elite breeding herds of the Large White breed included in experimental herds for the production of hyperprolific lines of dam breeds. The set consisted of 98 sows with the known genotypes of ESR, FSHâ and PRLR genes. The dendrogram shows that on the basis of their genetic outfit the sows can be divided into two clusters. The first cluster can be described as a cluster with marked dominance of HPL sows and the second cluster with marked dominance of the sows of basic herd. The first cluster consisted of individuals in which the preferred genotype AA of PRLR gene was not detected. As for FSHâ gene, the beneficial genotype BB was found out in 74.10% of sows. In ESR gene the beneficial genotype DD was recorded only in 11.10% of individuals. On average for the lifetime performance they delivered by 2.08 piglets more in all born piglets and by 1.96 piglets more in live-born piglets per litter. Differences in the reproductive traits between HPL sows and the sows of basic herd in the first cluster were statistically highly significant. On the contrary, genotype AA of PRLR gene was identified in all sows of the second cluster, 61.36% of animals possessed beneficial genotype BB of FSHâ gene. As for ESR gene, beneficial genotype DD was identified within the whole cluster in 31.82% of sows. In lifetime performance the HPL sows had on average by 1.10 individuals more in all born piglets and by 1.01 more in live-born piglets (statistically significantly higher values). The unambiguous expression of a positive effect of preferred genotypes of selected candidate genes failed to be confirmed by the results of statistical analyses testing the associations of candidate genes for pig reproduction with selected parameters of breeding value and prolificacy of sows.
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Knecht, D., S. Środoń, and K. Duziński. "The impact of season, parity and breed on selected reproductive performance parameters of sows." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-49-2015.
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Abstract. The aim of the study was to identify the detailed impact of the season, parity and breed on reproductive performance of sows. The experimental material consisted of 2100 sows, in 3 breed variants: 700 PL, 700 PLW, 700 crossbreeds PL × PLW. Sows were observed until parity 5. In the context of the breed, depending on the order of parity groups of 140 sows were isolated. Then, sows were divided in terms of farrowing season into subgroups numbering 35 sows. At the age of 8 months gilts were allocated for reproduction performance. The highest seasonal impact was noted for piglet birth weight (P≤0.01). Parity had less effect only on the number of piglets weaned (P≤0.05). Breed influenced to a lesser extent the number of piglets born live and weaned (P≤0.05), while birth and weaning weight had greater importance for piglets (P≤0.01). The interaction between the studied factors was also observed. The impact of season, parity and breed interdependence on the number of piglets born live were confirmed statistically (P≤0.05). The analysis of piglet birth weight allowed the stronger interaction effect of parity × breed on this parameter to be noted (P≤0.01). The analysis of variance for piglet weaning weight confirmed strong relations between all tested factors (P≤0.01). Our study has shown that reproductive parameters can be strongly affected by season and parity. In addition, it must be emphasized that the impact of these factors was different for the studied breeds of sows.
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TYUTYUNNIKOVA, A. V., L. G. YUSHKOVA, I. N. SYCHEVA, and N. M. KERTIEVA. "PREPARATION OF REPAIR PIGS FOR REPRODUCTION IN AN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX." PIG-BREEDING, no. 1 (2021): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2021-1-13-15.
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Intensive use of sows in industrial pig breeding complexes requires the preparation of a large number of repair young animals to replace retired sows. The main goal while growing repair pigs in conditions of intensive production is to get strong and healthy animals that have shown good productivity and high operational qualities during the period of economic use. The repair livestock should exceed the breeding stock in its productivity for the gradual replacement of which it is intended.
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Stedman, R. C., and M. A. Varley. "The assessment of sow personality and its effects on reproduction and endocrine status." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020080.
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Most people believe that it is highly probable that many animals are aware of both themselves and their surroundings. It may follow that a group of sows should not be reared as a homogenous mass because they are individuals each with their own distinguishable characteristics, or in other words each has a personality. It may also be the case that sows having different dispositions may be either more or less susceptible to certain environmental and psychological stressors and these in turn could affect reproductive performance. Hemsworth et al (1981) has found previously that on those farms where sows displayed a greater withdrawal response from a human investigator the number of piglets born per sow was significantly reduced. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the possibility that relationships may exist between the personality of multiparous sows, endocrine status and ultimately reproductive performances.
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Elefson, Sarah, Jason W. Ross, Christopher Rademacher, Steve Pollmann, and Laura L. Greiner. "PSVII-2 Effects of Oxidized Beta-Carotene on Sow Reproduction and Piglet Growth Performance." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.291.
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Abstract As reproductive performance of sows in the commercial U.S. sow herd continues to improve, advancing the impact of gestation and lactation diet supplementation is critical. Beginning on d 60 of gestation through lactation, sows (blocked by parity) were assigned to a standard gestation diet (n = 88), or the standard diet supplemented with 80 ppm OxC-beta (n = 90) provided by Avivagen (Ottawa, ON, Canada) to determine if the supplementation of OxC-beta improves sow reproductive performance, litter growth performance, and alters the abundance of immune cells in sows and piglets. Blood samples were taken from a subset of sows (n = 54 per treatment) at the start of the study, at farrowing, and at weaning; and also, on a subset of piglets at birth and weaning. Also, at birth and weaning, 12 pigs (n = 6 per treatment) were euthanized, and livers were collected and subjected to flow cytometry to analyze phagocytic activity of the Kupfer cells. CD335, CD8, and CD4 populations within whole blood were assessed via flow cytometry. Colostrum at farrowing and milk at weaning were collected for analysis of IgG and IgA. Data were analyzed via SAS 9.4 using PROC GLIMMIX. No differences (P > 0.05) between dietary treatments were observed in sow reproductive performance, sow feed intake, wean to estrus interval, or piglet growth performance. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for vitamin A in the plasma or liver. No immune differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the piglet’s liver and blood nor sow antibodies in colostrum and milk. Subsequent litter information was obtained from the sows, and no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in reproductive performance. Overall, there were no differences in sow reproductive performance, litter growth performance, and the immune system of sows and piglets of sows supplemented OxC-beta.
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Thacker, P. A. "Effect of high levels of copper or dichlorvos during late gestation and lactation on sow productivity." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-025.
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One hundred and eighty-five crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows of mixed parity were randomly assigned to be fed either a basal diet or the same ration top dressed with either 500 ppm dichlorvos, 250 ppm copper or a combination of these additives. Top dressing was conducted from the time the sows entered the farrowing crate on day 106 of gestation until they were weaned 28 d postpartum. There was no effect of treatment on the number of pigs born alive, born dead or their birthweight. However, preweaning mortality, based as a percentage of pigs found alive, was 20.3% for control sows, 13.8% for sows fed the ration top dressed with copper, 12.3% for sows fed the ration top dressed with dichlorvos and 10.6% for sows fed the ration top dressed with the combination of feed additives (P = 0.02). There was no significant effect of treatment on the percentage of fat, protein, lactose or total solids in sows milk. There was also no effect of treatment on lactation feed intake, sow weight loss through lactation, the interval between weaning and successful service, conception rate, serum copper levels or total cholesterol. HDL cholesterol levels, serum copper, zinc and iron levels were generally higher in piglets from treated sows than controls. It was concluded that feeding high levels of copper or dichlorvos, alone or in combination, during late gestation and lactation may be useful as a means of reducing preweaning mortality in baby pigs. However, the increased survival rate of baby pigs is unlikely due to alterations in the composition of sow's milk or milk yield. Key words: Sow, reproduction, copper, dichlorvos, milk
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Gao, Xin, Qiong Hu, Lawrence Chan, Cally Ma, and Junmei Zhao. "PSVI-3 Gestational Inulin Supplementation Stabilizes Glucose Metabolism and Improves Reproductive Performance of Sows." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.358.
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Abstract The beneficial effects of dietary fiber on sows performance have been widely studied, but it’s still unclear how fermentable fiber affects sows glucose metabolism and reproduction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of late gestational inulin supplementation on sows pre-farrowing glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. A total of 106 sows were allotted randomly to 2 groups, receiving either a control diet with 4% wheat flour, or a diet with 4% inulin, from gestation day 85 to 110, both diets met nutrient requirements expressed by NRC. On day 111, sows blood glucose was tested before a common lactation diet meal, then subsequent glucose levels were measured at 1, 2 and 3 hour after meal. Sows were weighed on initial, entry and weaning days. The numbers of live-born and stillborn piglets as well as mortality were recorded. Inulin supplementation didn’t affect sows average daily intake during lactation, and also no significant difference was observed in weaning bodyweight and backfat thickness between two groups. However, the relative wean to entry BW loss was significantly lower in inulin fed sows than control (11.3% vs 13.5%) (P< 0.05). Moreover, postprandial glucose response was less steep in inulin group compared with control, especially glucose concentration at 1h after meal was 10.2% higher in the control group sows. Although the sows farrowing duration was similar in two groups, inulin significantly increased (P< 0.05) proportion of born alive from 90.1% to 93.0% and reduced (P=0.10) still born from 7.3% to 5.4%. Post-foster mortality and livability did not differ between treatments, litter birth weight and average birth weight were not different either. In conclusion, Sows fed 4% inulin diet at late gestation tended to have lower weight loss, slower rate of postprandial blood glucose response and higher born alive and lower stillborn.
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Krempa, N. U. "Dynamics of blood immunological indicators in the period of the reproductive cycle under different technologies of keeping." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9209.
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The obtained results of search on the influence of technology and conditions of sows holding of different physiological states on immunological parameters indicate that that the content of T-lymphocytes in the blank and sows of the first half of fertility in both farms was very high and exceeded the upper limit of physiological norm by 1–3% on average. However, with the onset of the second half of fertility and lactation in sows, a decrease in its level, fluctuating within the limits of the physiological norm (49.12%–51.37%), was noted. The content of T-helper cells in sows of all physiological groups of both farms was within the limits of the physiological norm. The difference between the indicators was the highest in sows of the second half of fertility – 8%, in favor of sows from the farm of the Staryi Sambir district. In other groups of sows the T-helper's content varied from 0.12% to 1.7%, with the overwhelming majority in favor of sows from the Zolochiv district. In fact, the same percentages were the indexes of the contents of T-suppressors of blank and sows of the first half of the fertility of both farms. In the sows of the second half of fertility, the difference between the indicators of this population of lymphocytes was 3.37%, the predominantly higher rate was observed in sows from the farm of the Zolochiv district. In lactating sows, the difference in rates was significantly lower, only 0.88%, with a tendency for growth in animals from the Staryi Sambir district. An analysis of the level of humoral protection of the sow's blood of reproduction period showed, that in all physiological groups, except lactating, the content of B-lymphocytes was on average 0.38% – 0.95% higher was in sows from the farm of Zolochiv district. In lactating animals, the level of these lymphocytes was 3.75% higher in females from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district. The immunoregulatory index in almost all animal groups exceeded the upper limit of the physiological norm by 0.11%–0.48%. The exception was only sows of the second half of fertility from the farm of Zolochiv district and lactating sows from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district, where the index of IRI was at the level of the upper limit of the physiological norm, but did not exceed it. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils ranged from 38.68% to 63.05% and did not exceed the physiological norm. The index of phagocytic number in all groups of sows corresponded to physiological norms. Exceptions were sows from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district, the indicator corresponded to the value of 3.44, which is 0.56 less than the lower limit of physiological norm.
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John, Angelika, and Martin Wähner. "Influence of body condition during selection and insemination on reproduction performances of different pig races." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 18, no. 1-2 (2002): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0202045j.
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On a pig farm in Thuringia (Germany), data from 775 sows of 5 different genetic constructions were recorded from birth until exit. Based on live weight gain and lateral back fat thickness measured at selection (around 180th living day), statistical relations were analyzed in regard to the influence of both factors on reproduction performance. There are no uniform results in regard to their influence, from our investigations nor in literature references. Different races, stable systems, methods and equipment of measurement cause partly opposite statements about the influence of live weight gain and lateral back fat thickness on reproduction performances of sows. Based on these investigations an influence of genetic construction could be ascertained, because the stable system, equipment and method of measurement were uniform. As a result, a partly significant influence of genetic construction on living performance of sows could be verified.
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Humpolíček, Petr, Zdeněk Tvrdoň, and Tomáš Urban. "Breeding for reproduction traits in context of multiplication herds efficiency in swine." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030647.
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Presented study is a follow-up to the studies focused on effect of different selection pressure applied on two subpopulations of purebred Czech Large White sows on performance in multiplication herds. Higher selection pressure particularly on litter size and number of function nipples, while lower pressure on growth performance was applied in one population. About 1214 farrows of 393 F1 Czech Large White sows were included into statistical evaluation. The mixed linear models using the procedure REML in SAS for Windows 9.1.2. was used. The hypothesis that progeny of sows from hyper-prolific subpopulation breed in multiplier herds have different performance was not confirmed which is in contrast to previous studies. This non-homogeneity can be related to non-additive genetic effects which are caused by crossbreeding while selection methods are based on additive models.
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Santos, José Maurício Gonçalves dos, Ivan Moreira, and Elias Nunes Martins. "Lysine and metabolyzable energy requirements of lactating sows for subsequent reproductive performance." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 4 (July 2006): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000500006.
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The requirements of lactating sows for total lysine and metabolyzable energy (ME) to support subsequent reproduction performance were evaluated. One hundred and twenty sows were used. The treatments were constituted of eight diets (factorial arrangement of four levels of total lysine: 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 and 1.20%, and two levels of ME: 3,250 and 3,400 kcal ME/kg). There was interaction between lysine and ME on the plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), with linear decrease effect on level of 3,250 kcal ME/kg, and quadratic effect on level of 3,400 kcal ME/kg, with the lowest level of PUN with 1.06% lysine. The reproductive performance in the subsequent farrowing was not affected by the lysine levels and ME, hence, neither the total born nor the born alive differed among the treatments. There was no convincing information to support that the requirements of total lysine and ME for lactating sows were higher than 0.75% and 3,250 kcal/kg.
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Arend, Lidia S., Raquel Fernandez Vinas, Gustavo Silva, Aaron Lower, Joseph F. Connor, and Robert V. Knox. "174 Effects of Nursing a Large Litter and Ovarian Response to Gonadotropins at Weaning on Subsequent Fertility in First Parity Sows." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.137.
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Abstract Post-weaning fertility failures occur more often in parity 1 (P1) sows due to increased metabolic demands for lactation and inability to meet energy requirements for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. We hypothesized that body condition loss occurs more frequently in P1 sows nursing a large litter, resulting in impairment of ovarian follicle development during lactation and post-weaning. At 24 h post-farrowing, P1 sows (n = 123) were assigned to treatment (TRT) based on body weight and the number of functional teats to receive High Number (HN, 15 to 16) or Low Number (LN, 12) of nursing pigs. At weaning, sows in each TRT were assigned to receive PG600 or None (Control). During lactation, sow body measures were obtained and ovarian follicles were assessed in mid-lactation and post-weaning. Lactation data were analyzed for the effects of TRT, and fertility data after weaning were assessed for TRT x PG600. There were no interactions of TRT x PG600. During lactation, 22.2% of HN sows lost ≥4 pigs and were removed from analysis. The HN sows lost more (P < 0.05) body weight (-6.2 kg), backfat (-1.0 mm), body condition score (-0.4), and nursing piglets (-0.4) than LN sows. However, HN sows weaned more pigs (14.0) than LN sows (11.0). There was no effect of TRT on wean to estrus interval (4.2 d), but was 0.5 d shorter for PG600 (P = 0.004). There were no effects of TRT or PG600 on estrus within 6 d after weaning (85.6%), but PG600 induced smaller (P = 0.002) follicles at estrus (6.7 mm) than Control (7.3 mm). In the subsequent parity, there were no effects of TRT or PG600 on farrowing rate (93.9%) and total born (13.2). Overall, HN sows lost more piglets and body condition, although they weaned more pigs, but had no effects on reproductive performance.
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Khalak, V. I., B. V. Gutyj, S. O. Usenko, and A. M. Shostya. "Signs of long-term adaptation and their relationship with the indicators of reproductive qualities in sows of the universal direction of productivity." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 95 (December 11, 2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9522.
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The paper presents the results of the study of signs of long-term adaptation and indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of the universal direction of productivity, as well as calculates the economic efficiency of research results. The experimental part of the work was performed in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine”. The work was performed in accordance with the research program № 31 “Genetic improvement of farm animals, their reproduction and conservation of biodiversity (Genetics, conservation, and reproduction of bioresources in animal husbandry)”, task – 31.02.01.18. pigs of different genotypes and to develop an integrated system for creating a highly productive population” (№ DR 0121U107903). Evaluation of sows on the indicators of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, months; duration of breeding use, months; farrowing was obtained; received piglets total, ch.; obtained live piglets, ch.; multiplicity, ch.; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg; safety of piglets before weaning, %. The index “level of adaptation” was calculated according to the method of Smirnov (2003), the index of reproductive qualities – according to the method of M. D. Berezovsky. Economic efficiency of research results and biometric processing of the obtained data were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It is established that sows of large white breeds of the controlled herd are characterized by rather high indicators of reproductive qualities and level of adaptation to conditions of intensive technology of operation. The life expectancy of sows in the main herd is 44.1 months, the duration of breeding use – 32.8 months, the index “level of adaptation” – 11.87 points. According to the indicators of fertility and nest weight at the time of weaning, the animals of the main herd belong to the first class and the elite class. Taking into account intra-breed differentiation according to the index “level of adaptation” sows of class M- significantly outperformed peers of class M+ in life expectancy by 54.77 %, duration of breeding use – by 71.48 %, index “level of adaptation” – by 66.09 %. Significant differences between groups of animals of these classes were found by multiplicity (td = 2.22; P < 0.05), nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg (td = 2.56; P < 0.01) and index MD Berezovsky (td = 2.60; P < 0.01). The coefficients of pair correlation between traits that characterize the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities of sows range from -0.704 (tr = 10.80) to +0.982 (tr = 213.05). The use of sow class M- according to the index “level of adaptation” provides an increase in additional products at the level of +5.71 %, or 140.80 UAH. We propose to select repair young stock from sows of the leading group with the index “level of adaptation” of 6.55–8.08 points in the conditions of breeding plants and breeders, as well as industrial complexes.
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Young, L. G., G. J. King, J. Shaw, M. Quinton, J. S. Walton, and I. McMillan. "Interrelationships among age, body weight, backfat and lactation feed intake with reproductive performance and longevity of sows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-067.
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Data from an experiment involving gilts mated at first, second or third observed estrus and feeding of three levels of gestation energy throughout four parities were used to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, backfat thickness and changes in them on various measures of reproductive performance. Regression equations were estimated by using a stepwise regression analysis. Data were available for 304 initial sows that farrowed a first litter of which 115 farrowed to initial assigned breeding within gestation dietary energy level and completed four parities. Age, weight, backfat thickness or ratios between them at initial mating did not account for an appreciable amount of the variation (R2 < 0.08) in number of pigs born alive in the first litter or total number of pigs born alive per initial sow. Feed intake in lactation, age at first estrus as gilts or age at breeding of sows and the ratio of backfat to weight at farrowing accounted for a small proportion of the variation in weaning to estrus interval. There was an increased culling rate of sows with less than 12 mm P2 backfat at weaning after parities 2 and 3. Key words: Weight, backfat, reproduction, longevity, sows
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Luc, D. D., H. X. Bo, P. C. Thomson, D. V. Binh, P. Leroy, and F. Farnir. "Reproductive and productive performances of the stress-negative Piétrain pigs in the tropics: the case of Vietnam." Animal Production Science 53, no. 2 (2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12108.
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The objective of the present study is to investigate the reproduction, production and semen traits of the stress-negative Piétrain line of pigs in the north of Vietnam, as well as to identify various factors (halothane genotype, generation-origin, parity, sex and month of the year) acting on these traits. The experiment was carried out on a purebred nucleus on Dong Hiep farm, Haiphong province in Vietnam. The reproduction performances and the sperm quality measures were based on 12 sows and 5 boars imported from Belgium as well as on 29 sows and 14 boars born in Vietnam, while the production performances were recorded only from 251 animals born in Vietnam. No significant differences were observed between halothane genotypes of sows for reproduction traits (P > 0.0578). At the age of 7.5 months, bodyweight, backfat thickness and longissimus depth (7.5) of homozygous-dominant pigs were higher (P < 0.05) than in heterozygotes. Homozygous-dominant boars had higher total number of spermatozoa than heterozygote boars (P < 0.05); similarly, Vietnam boars also presented higher total number of spermatozoa values than Belgium boars (P < 0.001). Vietnam sows had longer duration of pregnancy, more piglets born alive and heavier litter weight of weaning than Belgium sows (P < 0.01). Bodyweight at birth, at weaning, at 2, 5.5 and 7.5 months of age increased from the first to third parity (P < 0.05). Gilts had more lean meat than intact boars (P < 0.01). Compared with observations made in temperate countries, the reproduction and production performances, sperm concentration and total number of spermatozoa of stress-negative Piétrain pigs were reduced, whereas lean meat percentage was not affected. This might be due to the different climate, although improving values for animals born in Vietnam might indicate adaptation of the animals and/or of the technicians with that breed. The results support the interest of the use of this new Piétrain line in tropical countries with ecological and climatic conditions similar to Vietnam.
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Lechowski, Jerzy, Anna Kasprzyk, Mirosław Tyra, and Beata Trawińska. "effect of ascorbic acid as a feed additive on indicators of the reproductive performance of Pulawska breed gilts." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 6 (2016): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5518.
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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vitamin C on indicators of gilts and sows reproductive value. The study was conducted using 64 gilts of the Pulawska breed. The experimental gilts received a supplement of vitamin C in an amount of 2.4 g daily throughout the whole experiment. Sixteen gilts from both control and experimental groups were mated in their third estrus. In order to determine the number of corpora lutea and the state of development of the reproductive organs, other gilts from the control and experimental groups were slaughtered after third estrus between the 5th and 10th day of the following estrous cycle. The results showed that gilts from the experimental group were characterized by higher potential fertility, as well as reared more piglets per litter. In the body weight and backfat thickness of sows during the first reproduction cycle in the control and experimental groups were not statistically significantly different. The piglets in the experimental group had higher body weight in the 1st and 21st day of rearing. Larger contents of protein, immunoglobulins, and vitamin C were recorded in the colostrum and milk from experimental sows.
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Nowak, Błażej, Anna Mucha, Magdalena Moska, and Wojciech Kruszyński. "Reproduction Indicators Related to Litter Size and Reproduction Cycle Length Among Sows of Breeds Considered Maternal and Paternal Components Kept on Medium-Size Farms." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071164.
Full textAbstract:
The present research aimed to study twelve reproductive indicators related to litter size and the farrowing interval for three maternal (Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, and Yorkshire) and three paternal (Duroc, Berkshire, Hampshire) breeds, raised on two farms in Poland and a farm in the United States. The study included 196 sows (45 Polish Large White, 37 Polish Landrace, 26 Berkshire, 33 Duroc, 40 Yorkshire, and 15 Hampshire), which altogether gave birth to 736 litters. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the influence of the breed on the reproductive traits, with a post-hoc procedure for pairwise comparisons implemented in the pgirmes of R. The adegenet, ade4, and factoextra packages of R were used to conduct multivariate analysis of the traits by means of principal component analysis. The breed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the following traits related to litter size: the total number of piglets born per litter, the number and percentage of piglets born alive per litter, the percentage of stillborn piglets per litter, the number and percentage of weaned piglets per litter; and those related to the farrowing interval: the lengths of gestation, lactation, the farrowing-to-conception interval, and the farrowing interval. The breed did not statistically significantly influence the number of stillborn piglets per litter and the length of the weaning-to-conception interval. Polish Landrace and Polish Large White sows had the highest numbers of born (for both, the mean of 14.0), born alive (12.9 and 12.7), and weaned piglets (11.5 and 10.5), which statistically significantly differed from these parameters in the other breeds. Polish Landrace sows significantly differed from all the other breeds in terms of the percentage of weaned piglets (84.1%), while Berkshire sows in terms of gestation length (118.4 days).