Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Vosges'
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1
Maass, Rudolf. "The Southern Vosges in Variscan time." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1988, no. 10 (November 17, 1988): 611–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1988/1988/611.
2
Guillot, François, Olivier Averbuch, Michel Dubois, Cyril Durand, Pierre Lanari, and Arnaud Gauthier. "Zircon age of vaugnerite intrusives from the Central and Southern Vosges crystalline massif (E France): contribution to the geodynamics of the European Variscan belt." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020027.
Abstract:
To provide a better picture of the active geodynamics along the Variscan suture zones during the late collisional stage (particularly regarding the evolution of the orogenic system towards HT conditions), we focused here on vaugnerites, which consist of mafic ultra-potassic magmatic rocks, intrusive into the granite-gneiss sequences of the Variscan Vosges crystalline massif. Those rocks, though subordinate in volume, are frequently associated with late-collisional granites. In the Central-Southern Vosges, they appear either as (1) pluton margin of the Southern Vosges Ballons granite complex or (2) composite dykes intrusive into migmatite and metamorphic sequences classically referred to as granite-gneiss unit (Central Vosges). Both types correspond to melanocratic rocks with prominent, Mg-rich, biotite and hornblende (20–40% vol., 64 < mg# < 78), two-feldspar and quartz. Those Vosges vaugnerites display geochemical signatures characteristic of ultra-potassic mafic to intermediate, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous rocks. Zircon U-Pb ages were obtained by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Zircon grains were extracted from a sillimanite-bearing gneiss from the granite-gneiss unit hosting the Central Vosges vaugnerites. They yielded an age at 451 ± 9 Ma, indicating a pre-Variscan Upper Ordovician protolith for the host sequence. Zircon from the four vaugnerite intrusives display U-Pb ages (± 2σ) of 340 ± 2.5 Ma (Ballons), 340 ± 25 Ma, 340 ± 7 Ma and 336 ± 10 Ma (Central Vosges). Synchronous within uncertainty, vaugnerite age data suggest a relatively early emplacement during the Late Variscan collisional history (i.e. Middle Visean times). These results are in line with previously published ages from the Southern Vosges volcano-sedimentary sequences (Oderen-Markstein) and the nearby ultra-potassic granite complexes from the Central and Southern Vosges (Ballons, Crêtes) thereby arguing for a magmatic event of regional significance. Recent petrological studies on vaugnerites suggest that they derive from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle contaminated to some different degrees by elements of continental crust. We propose here that the major ultra-potassic magmatic pulse at 340–335 Ma is a consequence of a significant change into the dynamics of the Rhenohercynian subduction system below the Central-Southern Vosges. In the light of recent thermo-mechanical modelling experiments on mature continental collision, magmatism could result from a syn-collisional lithospheric delamination mechanism involving (1) first, continental subduction evolving towards (2) the underthrusting of the Avalonian continental margin lower crust and (3) the initiation of lithospheric delamination within the supra-subduction retro-wedge (Saxothuringian-Moldanubian continental block). This delamination would drive the emplacement of an asthenospheric upwelling, initially localized along the Variscan suture zones, and gradually propagating towards the southern front of the belt during the Late Carboniferous, as the delamination front migrated at the base of the crust.
3
Montenari, Michael, Ursula Leppig, and Dieter Weyer. "Heterocorallia from the Early Carboniferous of the Moldanubian Southern Vosges Mountains (Alsace, France)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 224, no. 2 (May 24, 2002): 223–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/224/2002/223.
4
Krecher, Marc. "Sedimentation, tectonics and geological structure of the Southern Vosges Mountains." Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins 105 (May 17, 2023): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/105/0009.
5
Bichain, Jean-Michel, and Julien Ryelandt. "News from the western front: occurrence of Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Oxychilidae) in the Vosges and Jura Mountains (north-eastern France)." Folia Malacologica 29, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.024.
Abstract:
We report here the first record of Mediterranea depressa (Sterki, 1880) in the north-eastern quarter of France, in the Vosges and Jura massifs. After the fortuitous discovery of some shells attributed to M. depressa in the southern Vosges Mts., an extensive sampling campaign was carried out both in the Vosges and in the Jura Mts. In total, about 20 shells and seven live specimens were found at eight localities, which, according to the present state of our knowledge, represent its north-western range limit. The species was found exclusively under stones of rocky slope screes on siliceous and calcareous substrates. Some of these habitats could be described as Mesovoid Shallow Substratum. It is not clear whether the rarity of the species is an effect of under-sampling or of its small size and unusual habitat or/and to intrinsic rarity due to isolated populations at the distribution limits of the species. The extreme north-eastern quarter of France constitutes an oceanic-continental transition zone where about thirty gastropod species from Central and Eastern Europe are currently documented at the western limit of their ranges.
6
Gouriveau, Emilie, Pascale Ruffaldi, Loïc Duchamp, Vincent Robin, Annik Schnitzler, and Anne-Véronique Walter-Simonnet. "Holocene vegetation history in the Northern Vosges Mountains (NE France): Palynological, geochemical and sedimentological data." Holocene 30, no. 6 (February 10, 2020): 888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620902229.
Abstract:
Palynological data from the Northern Vosges Mountains (NVM) are very rare, unlike for the Southern and Central Vosges Mountains, where the past vegetation history is relatively well known. As a consequence, the beginning of human activities has never been clearly identified and dated in the NVM. In order to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation in this region, multiproxy studies (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, sedimentological and geochemical analyses) were conducted in two peatlands. Overall, the results, extending from about 9500 cal. BP to recent times, show a classical vegetation succession with local particularities resulting from human activities. In the La Horn peatland, a strong human impact related to pastoralism is attested from the late Bronze Age onwards. The second phase of human occupation, mainly characterized by crop cultures, begins during the Hallstatt period. The geochemical results (x-ray fluorescence) also highlight the presence of metallic elements, which, combined with significant quantities of carbonized particles, point to potential metal working. In the Kobert-Haut peatland, human occupation began much later (1500 cal. BP), but lasted from the Gallo-Roman period to the beginning of the Modern Period. Unlike for the vegetation history of the rest of the Vosges, Pinus remains a prevailing taxon throughout the Holocene in the NVM. Another particularity is the early establishment of Picea, long before the 18th to 19th century plantations.
7
Weckwerth, Tammy M., Lindsay J. Bennett, L. Jay Miller, Joël Van Baelen, Paolo Di Girolamo, Alan M. Blyth, and Tracy J. Hertneky. "An Observational and Modeling Study of the Processes Leading to Deep, Moist Convection in Complex Terrain." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 2687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00216.1.
Abstract:
Abstract A case study of orographic convection initiation (CI) that occurred along the eastern slopes of the Vosges Mountains in France on 6 August 2007 during the Convective and Orographically-Induced Precipitation Study (COPS) is presented. Global positioning system (GPS) receivers and two Doppler on Wheels (DOW) mobile radars sampled the preconvective and storm environments and were respectively used to retrieve three-dimensional tomographic water vapor and wind fields. These retrieved data were supplemented with temperature, moisture, and winds from radiosondes from a site in the eastern Rhine Valley. High-resolution numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model were used to further investigate the physical processes leading to convective precipitation. This unique, time-varying combination of derived water vapor and winds from observations illustrated an increase in low-level moisture and convergence between upslope easterlies and downslope westerlies along the eastern slope of the Vosges Mountains. Uplift associated with these shallow, colliding boundary layer flows eventually led to the initiation of moist convection. WRF reproduced many features of the observed complicated flow, such as cyclonic (anticyclonic) flow around the southern (northern) end of the Vosges Mountains and the east-side convergent flow below the ridgeline. The WRF simulations also illustrated spatial and temporal variability in buoyancy and the removal of the lids prior to convective development. The timing and location of CI from the WRF simulations was surprisingly close to that observed.
8
Bégeot, Carole. "Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental history of the southern Vosges mountains, North-East France." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.195.
9
Faure, Michel, Eugène Be Mezeme, Alain Cocherie, Jérémie Melleton, and Philippe Rossi. "The South Millevaches Middle Carboniferous crustal melting and its place in the French Variscan belt." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 6 (October 1, 2009): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.6.473.
Abstract:
AbstractSeveral episodes of crustal melting are now well identified in the Variscan French Massif Central. Middle Devonian (ca 385-375 Ma) migmatites are recognized in the Upper and Lower Gneiss Units involved in the stack of nappes. Late Carboniferous migmatites (ca 300 Ma) are exposed in the Velay Massif only and Middle Carboniferous migmatites crop out in the Para-autochthonous Unit and southern Fold-and-Thrust Belt. In the SW part of the Massif Central, the South Millevaches massif exposes migmatites developed at the expense of ortho- and paragneiss. They form kilometer-sized septa within the foliated Goulles leucogranitic pluton, which is in turn intruded by the non-foliated Glény two micas granite pluton. Monazite grains extracted from these three rock-types have been dated by the EPMA chemical method. Three samples of migmatite yield a late Visean age (ca 337-328 Ma), the Goulles and Glény granitic plutons yield ages at 324-323 Ma and 324-318 Ma, respectively. These new results enlarge the evidence of a Middle Carboniferous crustal melting imprint that up to now was only reported in the eastern part of the French Massif Central, in the northern Cévennes and in the Montagne Noire axial zone. At the scale of the French Variscan massifs, the Visean crustal melting event is conspicuously developed since it is recognized from the Massif Armoricain (Vendée and south coast of Brittany) to the Central Vosges. This episode is synchronous with the huge thermal event responsible for the “Tuffs anthracifères” magmatism of the northern Massif Central and Vosges, and took place immediately after the last thickening phase recorded both in Montagne Noire and Ardennes, that is on the southern and northern outer zones of the Variscan Belt, respectively. However, the geodynamic significance of this major event is not fully understood yet.
10
Florineth, Duri, and Christian Schlüchter. "Alpine Evidence for Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum." Quaternary Research 54, no. 3 (November 2000): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2169.
Abstract:
The configuration of Alpine accumulation areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been reconstructed using glacial–geological mapping. The results indicate that the LGM ice surface consisted of at least three major ice domes, all located south of the principal weather divide of the Alps. This implies that the buildup of the main Alpine ice cover during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 was related to precipitation by dominant southerly atmospheric circulation, in contrast to today's prevalent westerly airflow. Such a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation is consistent with a southward displacement of the Oceanic Polar Front in the North Atlantic and of the associated storm track to the south of the Alps. These results, combined with additional paleoclimate records from western and southern Europe, allow an interpretation of the asynchronous evolution of the different European ice caps during the last glaciation. δ18O stages (OIS) 4 and 3 were characterized by location of the Polar Front north of 46°N (Gulf of Biscay). This affected prevailing westerly circulation and thus, ice buildup in western Scandinavia, the Pyrénées, Vosges, and northern Alps. At the LGM, however, the Polar Front lay at ∼44°N, causing dominating southerly circulation and reduced precipitation in central and northern Europe.
11
Tabaud, Anne-Sophie, Vojtěch Janoušek, Etienne Skrzypek, Karel Schulmann, Philippe Rossi, Hubert Whitechurch, Catherine Guerrot, and Jean-Louis Paquette. "Chronology, petrogenesis and heat sources for successive Carboniferous magmatic events in the Southern–Central Variscan Vosges Mts (NE France)." Journal of the Geological Society 172, no. 1 (November 27, 2014): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2013-123.
12
Schaltegger, Urs, Jean-Luc Schneider, Jean-Christophe Maurin, and Fernando Corfu. "Precise UPb chronometry of 345-340 Ma old magmatism related to syn-convergence extension in the Southern Vosges (Central Variscan Belt)." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 144, no. 3-4 (November 1996): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(96)00187-2.
13
Potel, Sébastien, Tatiana Maison, Marine Maillet, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, Michael Patrick Doublier, Ghislain Trullenque, and Rafael Ferreiro Mählmann. "Reliability of very low-grade metamorphic methods to decipher basin evolution: Case study from the Markstein basin (Southern Vosges, NE France)." Applied Clay Science 134 (December 2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.003.
14
Heuze, Patricia, Annik Schnitzler, and François Klein. "Consequences of increased deer browsing winter on silver fir and spruce regeneration in the Southern Vosges mountains: Implications for forest management." Annals of Forest Science 62, no. 2 (March 2005): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005009.
15
Schneider, Jean-Luc, Claude Fourquin, and Jean-Claude Paicheler. "Two examples of subaqueously welded ash-flow tuffs: the Visean of southern Vosges (France) and the Upper Cretaceous of northern Anatolia (Turkey)." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 49, no. 3-4 (February 1992): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(92)90023-7.
16
Pierret, M. C., P. Stille, J. Prunier, D. Viville, and F. Chabaux. "Chemical and U-Sr isotopic variations of stream and source waters at a small catchment scale (the Strengbach case; Vosges mountains; France)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 28, 2014): 3541–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3541-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. This is the first comprehensive study dealing with major and trace element data as well as 87Sr/86Sr isotope and (234U/238U) activity ratios (AR) determined on the totality of springs and brooks of the Strengbach catchment. It shows that the small and more or less monolithic catchment drains different sources and streamlets with very different isotopic and geochemical signatures. Different parameters control the diversity of the source characteristics. Of importance is especially the hydrothermal overprint of the granitic bedrock, which was stronger for the granite from the northern than from the southern slope; also significant are the different meteoric alteration processes of the bedrock causing the formation of 0.5 to 9 m thick saprolite and above the formation of an up to 1 m thick soil system. These processes mainly account for springs and brooks from the northern slope having higher Ca/Na, Mg/Na, Sr/Na ratios but lower 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios than those from the southern slope. The chemical compositions of the source waters in the Strengbach catchment are only to a small extent the result of alteration of primary bedrock minerals and rather reflect dissolution/precipitation processes of secondary mineral phases like clay minerals. The (234U/238U) AR, however, are decoupled from the 87Sr/86Sr isotope system and reflect to some extent the level of altitude of the source and, thus, the degree of alteration of the bedrock. The sources emerging at high altitudes have circulated through already weathered materials (saprolite and fractured rock depleted in 234U) implying (234U/238U) AR < 1, which is uncommon for surface waters. Preferential flow paths along constant fractures in the bedrocks might explain the over time homogeneous U AR of the different spring waters. However, the geochemical and isotopic variations of stream waters at the outlet of the catchment are controlled by variable contributions of different springs depending on the hydrological conditions. It appears that the (234U/238U) AR is an appropriate very important tracer for studying and deciphering the contribution of the different source fluxes at the catchment scale because this unique geochemical parameter is different for each individual spring and at the same time remains unchanged for each of the springs with changing discharge and fluctuating hydrological conditions. This study further highlights the important impact of different and independent water pathways in fractured granite controlling the different geochemical and isotopic signatures of the waters.
17
BUZZI, L., L. GAGGERO, L. GROZDANOV, S. YANEV, and F. SLEJKO. "High-Mg potassic rocks in the Balkan segment of the Variscan belt (Bulgaria): implications for the genesis of orogenic lamproite magmas." Geological Magazine 147, no. 3 (October 27, 2009): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990550.
Abstract:
AbstractUltrapotassic plutons from several domains of the Variscan orogenic belt have been in turn interpreted as syn- to post-orogenic due to their age spread, but assessment of their geodynamic setting and source regions is still open to interpretation. In the Svoge region (Bulgaria), at the southern margin of the Balkan orogen, peralkalic plutons are hosted within Ordovician pelites. The main intrusion, with lamproitic affinity, which hosts monzodiorite xenoliths and a polyphase syenite suite, was emplaced at a shallow level.40Ar–39Ar dating by step-heating of amphibole and biotite yielded a Early Carboniferous intrusion age for the main body (337 ± 4 and 339.1 ± 1.6 Ma). The lamproite intrusion is silica-rich compared with bona fide lamproites and characterized by moderate LILE and LaN/YbNenrichments. Sr and Nd isotopic data (initial ϵNdin the range −4.87 to −5.88) suggest an origin in a depleted lithospheric mantle, possibly refertilized by eo-Variscan subduction. The high-K syn-tectonic plutonism in several zones of the Variscan orogen (Bohemian, Austro-Alpine, Vosges, French and Corsica domains) is consistent with a derivation of high-K magmatism from partial melting of metasomatized mantle following the subduction along the collision front between Gondwana and Laurasia.
18
Eisele, Jürgen, Ralf Gertisser, and Michael Montenari. "Geochemistry and provenance of Devono-Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences from the Southern Vosges Basin and the geodynamic implications for the western Moldanubian Zone." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 179, no. 1 (2000): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.179.01.26.
19
Pierret, M. C., P. Stille, J. Prunier, D. Viville, and F. Chabaux. "Chemical and U–Sr isotopic variations in stream and source waters of the Strengbach watershed (Vosges mountains, France)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 10 (October 7, 2014): 3969–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3969-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. This is the first comprehensive study dealing with major and trace element data as well as 87Sr/86Sr isotope and (234U/238U) activity ratios (AR) determined on the totality of springs and brooks of the Strengbach catchment. It shows that the small and more or less monolithic catchment drains different sources and streamlets with very different isotopic and geochemical signatures. Different parameters control the diversity of the source characteristics. Of importance is especially the hydrothermal overprint of the granitic bedrock, which was stronger for the granite from the northern slope; also significant are the different meteoric alteration processes of the bedrock causing the formation of 0.5 to 9 m thick saprolite and above the formation of an up to 1m thick soil system. These processes mainly account for springs and brooks from the northern slope having higher Ca / Na, Mg / Na, and Sr / Na ratios, but lower 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios than those from the southern slope. The chemical compositions of the source waters in the Strengbach catchment are only to a small extent the result of alteration of primary bedrock minerals, and rather reflect dissolution/precipitation processes of secondary mineral phases like clay minerals. The (234U/238U) AR, however, are decoupled from the 87Sr/86Sr isotope system, and reflect to some extent the level of altitude of the source and, thus, the degree of alteration of the bedrock. The sources emerging at high altitudes have circulated through already weathered materials (saprolite and fractured bedrock depleted in 234U), implying (234U/238U) AR below 1, which is uncommon for surface waters. Preferential flow paths along constant fractures in the bedrocks might explain the – over time – homogeneous U AR of the different spring waters. However, the geochemical and isotopic variations of stream waters at the outlet of the catchment are controlled by variable contributions of different springs, depending on the hydrological conditions. It appears that the (234U/238U) AR are a very appropriate, important tracer for studying and deciphering the contribution of the different source fluxes at the catchment scale, because this unique geochemical parameter is different for each individual spring and at the same time remains unchanged for each of the springs with changing discharge and fluctuating hydrological conditions. This study further highlights the important impact of different and independent water pathways on fractured granite controlling the different geochemical and isotopic signatures of the waters. Despite the fact that soils and vegetation cover have a great influence on the water cycle balance (evapotranspiration, drainage, runoff), the chemical compositions of waters are strongly modified by processes occurring in deep saprolite and bedrock rather than in soils along the specific water pathways.
20
Hagedorn, E. M., and W. Boenigk. "The Pliocene and Quaternary sedimentary and fluvial history in the Upper Rhine Graben based on heavy mineral analyses." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 87, no. 1 (March 2008): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460002401x.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Pliocene and Quaternary unconsolidated sediments of the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) were petrographically analysed in numerous high quality drill cores. The heavy mineral composition of the Graben sediments was compared to those from the Graben margins. In addition, the sedimentary lithofacies were investigated. The chronological classification of the sedimentary successions was established by the interpretation of sporadic palaeontological and palaeomagnetic data.Within the Pliocene sediments, two distinguishable heavy mineral assemblages indicate different source areas of the Graben fill. At first, a heavy mineral assemblage of stable minerals (turmaline, zircon and anatase) indicates a contribution of debris supplied from Buntsandstein areas at the Graben margins. Secondly, a mixed association of stable minerals in combination with unstable (garnet, hornblende, less epidote) and distinct rare minerals (e.g. monazite, xenotime) can be traced back to debris derived from the crystalline rocks of the southern Graben margins (Black Forest, Vosges). The distribution of sediments with this mixed heavy mineral assemblage proves the fluvial sediment transport from south to north and therefore the course of the Pliocene proto-Rhine along the Graben.The correlation between the Quaternary sediment successions in the south and the north of the Graben is problematic due to their variable thicknesses as well as their changing lithofacies.In the southern URG, the Quaternary strata could be subdivided into the older Breisgau Formation and the younger Neuenburg Formation based on characteristic lithofacies. Within this succession, the lower part of the Breisgau Formation (lower Breisgau beds) can be distinguished by noticeable lower contents of hornblende, which probably reflects the effects of weathering and solution of these unstable minerals due to repeated discontinuities during the sediment accumulation. The sediments of the upper part of the Breisgau Formation (upper Breisgau beds) and of the Neuenburg Formation contain a heavy mineral assemblage of garnet, epidote and hornblende, which is typical for Rhine deposits with Alpine contribution. This probably unaffected composition indicates a more unvaried and rapid accumulation of predominantly Alpine debris. In the northern URG, the Quaternary strata are subdivided into three aquifers and intercalated fine-grained horizons. Here, the Quaternary sediments can be petrographically classified into Rhine deposits (garnet, epidote and hornblende) and local accumulations contributed from the Graben margins (turmaline, zircon and anatase) without contemporaneous influence of the Rhine. The analytical results obtained from several drill cores in the northern URG provide evidence for the spatial and temporal variability of the course of the Rhine during the Quaternary.
21
Briggs, Derek E. G., and Jean-Claude Gall. "The continuum in soft-bodied biotas from transitional environments: a quantitative comparison of Triassic and Carboniferous Konservat-Lagerstätten." Paleobiology 16, no. 2 (1990): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730000988x.
Abstract:
The exceptionally preserved Triassic (Anisian) Grès à Voltzia fauna from the Vosges of northeastern France is compared with four major Carboniferous Konservat-Lagerstätten. The problem of comparing faunas with different types of preservation and degrees of taxonomic determination is addressed with a newly devised similarity coefficient. This coefficient quantifies and combines data from different levels in the taxonomic hierarchy and allows comparisons between biotas in a consistent direction regardless of relative diversity. The rank order of similarity between the four Carboniferous Konservat-Lagerstätten and the Grès à Voltzia is as follows: 1. Mazon Creek (Westphalian D) of Illinois; 2. Glencartholm (Visean) of southern Scotland; 3. Bear Gulch (Namurian) of Montana; and 4. Blanzy-Montceau (Stephanian) of France. These occurrences represent conditions transitional between nearshore fully marine and fresh water. The Grès à Voltzia fauna is significantly closer to the Mazon Creek fauna than to the others; the taxonomic overlap with Blanzy-Montceau and Bear Gulch is limited.Stratigraphic age has an insignificant influence on the result; indeed, the fauna closest in age to the Grès à Voltzia, that of Blanzy-Montceau, is least similar. Taphonomic factors are important in determining the range of organisms preserved. The Glencartholm fauna is represented only by forms with either mineralized or robust chitinous skeletons, implying a greater degree of decay prior to the onset of diagenetic mineralization than in the other Konservat-Lagerstätten. Environment, however, is the major control on similarity. The Mazon Creek biota, like that of Grès à Voltzia, represents settings transitional between terrestrial and marine-influenced delta. Groups common to both Konservat-Lagerstätten include medusae, brachiopods, polychaetes, bivalve and gastropod molluscs, limulids, scorpions, spiders, branchiopods, ostracodes, malacostracans, cycloids, euthycarcinoid and myriapod uniramians, insects, fish, and tetrapods. There is a striking continuity between the faunas of Carboniferous and Triassic transitional sedimentary environments. Groups that were adapted to fluctuating conditions (e.g., shifting salinity) show strong congruence at the family and lower levels and were little affected by Permian extinctions. The major taxonomic contrasts are in the eumalacostracans and insects: many of the groups represented in the Grès à Voltzia appeared in the Permian and radiated across the Permo-Triassic boundary as Paleozoic forms became extinct.
22
Koltzer, Nora, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Mauro Cacace, Maximilian Frick, and Judith Bott. "Regional hydraulic model of the Upper Rhine Graben." Advances in Geosciences 49 (November 6, 2019): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-197-2019.
Abstract:
Abstract. In this study we make use of 3-D hydraulic simulations to investigate the regional groundwater flow in the Upper Rhine Graben. The modeling is based on an existing detailed 3-D structural model covering the whole Upper Rhine Graben from the surface down to 14 km of depth. The overall goal of this study is to provide some quantitative analysis on the role of the hydraulic head topology in shaping the underground hydrodynamics by taking into account interactions with the heterogeneous subsurface sedimentary configuration of the basin system. Therefore, the main question addressed by this study can be summarized as follows: does the deep graben flow follow the topographic gradient and the flow direction of the river Rhine from the Alps northward to the northernmost area of the Upper Rhine Graben? Our results demonstrate the presence of a regional subsurface flow in the sedimentary rocks aligning from the graben flanks towards its center and in the southern half of the graben from south to north. The graben-parallel flow velocity is found to be about 1 order of magnitude lower than the velocity predicted perpendicular to the main graben axis. Besides these general trends, the modeling highlights local heterogeneities in the shallow 3-D flow field. Those arise from the interaction between regional groundwater flow and the heterogeneous sedimentary configuration. Within the Cenozoic sediments forming the uppermost aquifer in the model, groundwater flows are driven by imposed hydraulic gradients from recharge areas located at higher elevations in the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains to the discharge region at a lower elevation in the Rhine valley. The presence of a regional aquitard (Keuper) separating the shallow and the deeper aquifer system (Muschelkalk, Buntsandstein, and Rotliegend) hinders hydraulic connection among the two aquifer systems. This is exemplified by the development of a flow system in the deeper aquifers, which shows a more continuous graben-parallel south–north direction. Based on these results we can conclude that both the hydraulic head topology and the level of structuration of the sedimentary sequence exert a 1st-order role in shaping the regional flow system at depth. The regional model predicts a heterogeneous flow system within the upper 4 km of the Upper Rhine Valley, where flow velocities in the graben valley can reach up to 45 mm yr−1 in the upper and lower aquifers. Back to the current conceptual hydrogeological model, the results question the presence of a graben through northward flow, being limited to the southern half of the graben. In the north, the groundwater dynamics turn out to be more complex, being structurally linked to the local geology. This calls for additional studies with a higher level of both structural and stratigraphic attributes in order to arrive at a better quantification of the local to the regional groundwater dynamics in the area.
23
Simmonds, Ian, and Kevin Keay. "Variability of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclone Behavior, 1958–97." Journal of Climate 13, no. 3 (February 2000): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0550:voshec>2.0.co;2.
24
France, Elizabeth Anne, Dan Binkley, and David Valentine. "Soil chemistry changes after 27 years under four tree species in southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-251.
Abstract:
After 27 years of stand development, the accumulated forest floor under replicated plots of white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), and silver maple (Acersaccharinum L.) ranged from 240 g/m2 under maple to 3680 g/m2 under white pine. Forest floor pH ranged from a low under maple of 3.7 to a high under white spruce of 5.9. No significant differences were found in pH in 0–15 cm depth mineral soil; however, substantial differences in the acid neutralization capacities were evident among species, with soils under maple showing the lowest capacity to resist further acidification.
25
Kuyek, Nathan J., and Sean C. Thomas. "Trees are larger on southern slopes in late-seral conifer stands in northwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 11 (November 2019): 1349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0089.
Abstract:
Mid-latitude forests commonly show increased productivity and ultimately produce larger trees on shaded, northern aspects compared with those on sunny, southern aspects. Little research has been conducted on this phenomenon at higher latitudes where solar radiation is less available. We examined patterns of canopy tree size in a set of 142 naturally regenerated, late-seral conifer stands in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, at latitudes of 54°N–56°N. The height, diameter, and total stem volume of three shade-tolerant conifers (western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), and hybrid spruce (Picea glauca × engelmannii (Moench) Voss)) and shade-intolerant lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) were analyzed. In contrast to most previous studies, mean canopy tree height, diameter, and volume were greatest on southern aspects and lowest on northern aspects for the subset of sites with pronounced slopes (≥30%). There was some variation in patterns among species, with western hemlock responding most strongly to topography, and species-specific effects of topography on height–diameter allometry. We suggest that decreased levels of radiation at northern latitudes and increased light and warmer temperatures on steeper, southern aspects promote growth. In contrast, colder, shaded, northern aspects with increased snow accumulation, delayed snowmelt, and decreased nitrogen mineralization inhibit growth. Our results, together with published data, suggest that a latitudinal shift from higher forest productivity on northern aspects to higher productivity on southern aspects typically occurs between 40°N and 50°N.
26
Morin, Hubert, and Danielle Laprise. "Histoire récente des épidémies de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette au nord du lac Saint-Jean (Québec): une analyse dendrochronologique." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-001.
Abstract:
The chronology of spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) oubreaks for the past 200 years has been reconstructed by dendrochronological analysis of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) samples from virgin forests, unaffected by insecticide spraying programs and recently protected against fires in the north and northwest of Lac Saint-Jean. Outbreaks began around 1974, 1944, 1909, and possibly, 1832. They are closely linked with those described in the Laurentide wildlife reserve. The frequency, duration and severity of growth rings suppression associated with outbreaks are similar to those registered during outbreaks in the southern forests, except for the 1974 outbreak, which was shorter and less severe. Other outbreaks registered in southern regions, where the proportion of balsam fir is higher, have reached this region where balsam fir populations are marginal. These results underline the importance of these ecological disturbances in the population dynamics of the host trees of the region.
27
O'Donnell, Holly. "First record of Coendou ichillus (Voss & da Silva, 2001) (Rodentia, Erethizontidae) from Tambopata province in southeastern Peru." Check List 19, no. 6 (December 18, 2023): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/19.6.1049.
Abstract:
Coendu ichillus is a species of dwarf porcupine (Rodentia, Erethizontidae) found in the Neotropics. First described in 2001 from Ecuador and Iquitos, Peru, its known range has since been expanded to include the Amazonia of southern Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. Here I report a new distribution record of C. ichillus representing the first record from the province of Tambopata in the Madre de Dios region of southeastern Peru.
28
Charron, I., and D. F. Greene. "Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-085.
Abstract:
We studied the post-wildfire establishment of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the southern mixedwood boreal forest of Saskatchewan, Canada. The major objective of the study was to determine the influence of post-wildfire seedbed types on the juvenile survivorship of trees. Through a combination of permanent plots and sowing experiments, we demonstrated that mineral soil, thin Polytrichum Hedw. moss, and humus are much more favorable than the organic fermentation (Of) and litter seedbeds. We also show that differences among seedbeds are significantly more important than differences among species. In addition, the first year of a cohort has the highest rate of mortality, about 85% on mineral and humus seedbeds and 98% on Of seedbeds; differences in age-specific survivorship between seedbeds become muted by the end of the second year, and survivorship rates approach 1 by the end of the third summer. Finally, age structures showed that germination rates of black spruce and jack pine were very low the initial summer of the fire; that there was a peak in recruitment in the first post-fire summer; and that by the fourth year the recruitment declined to nearly zero.
29
Chang, Jye, and James W. Hanover. "Geographic variation in the monoterpene composition of black spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-247.
Abstract:
Monoterpene composition of the cortical oleoresin of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined for 33 seed sources growing in a replicated plantation in southern Michigan. Four of the nine measured monoterpenes differed significantly among origins. 3-Carene and terpinolene were high, but α-pinene was low in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan seed sources. A cluster analysis of the data separated the populations into western and eastern groups. Black spruce is more similar to red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) than to white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) in terpene composition. Significant correlations occurred between individual monoterpenes, but only the positive correlations among 3-carene, terpinolene and γ-terpinene are considered meaningful in regard to terpene biosynthesis.
30
Goldblatt, P., and J. C. Manning. "Systematics and biology of the African genus Ferraria (Iridaceae: Irideae)." Bothalia 41, no. 1 (December 13, 2011): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i1.33.
Abstract:
Following field and herbarium investigation of the subequatorial African and mainly western southern African Ferraria Burm. ex Mill. (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), a genus of cormous geophytes, we recognize 18 species, eight more than were included in the 1979 account of the genus by M.P. de Vos. One of these, F. ovata, based on Moraea ovata Thunb. (1800), was only discovered to be a species of Ferraria in 2001, and three more are the result of our different view of De Vos’s taxonomy. In tropical Africa, F. glutinosa is recircumscribed to include only mid- to late summer-flowering plants, usually with a single basal leaf and with purple to brown flowers often marked with yellow. A second summer-flowering species, F. candelabrum, includes taller plants with several basal leaves. Spring and early summer-flowering plants lacking foliage leaves and with yellow flowers from central Africa are referred to F. spithamea or F. welwitschii respectively.
31
Stefani, F. O. P., and J. A. Bérubé. "Biodiversity of foliar fungal endophytes in white spruce (Picea glauca) from southern Québec." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 5 (May 2006): 777–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-022.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the foliar endophyte biodiversity of white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss to establish a baseline for future comparative studies examining the impact of forestry practices. It identifies for the first time endophytic fungi living inside the needles of white spruce from 280 needles collected in seven natural stands in southern Québec. The endophyte colonization rate on surface sterilized needles was 53.2%. We performed a PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis on the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA to achieve molecular identification. Isolate ITS sequences were compared with data from GenBank presenting the best similarity and were analyzed by a maximum of parsimony and Bayesian inference. Relationships between morphological groups, digestion groups, and sequence groups were investigated. In all, 23 morphotypes were found to belong to 14 sequence groups and we demonstrated that morphological groups are poor indicators for estimating species diversity. This study is the first to establish species richness values for foliar endophytes. Among the 141 isolates in this study, 75.15% have a high sequence similarity with Lophodermium piceae , 10.95% with an unknown species of Mycosphaerella , and 5.5% with two species of the genus Hypoxylon . Distribution, incidence and biological significance of all the endophytes found in this study are discussed.
32
Gandhi, Kamal J. K., and Steven J. Seybold. "Tamarack (Pinaceae): previously unrecorded developmental host for pine engraver and southern pine engraver (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 3 (June 2002): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134299-3.
Abstract:
The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), is broadly distributed across North America (Lanier 1972; Wood 1982; Seybold et al. 1995) with a host range that includes most species of Pinus L., and in rare cases, species of Picea A. Dietrich (both Pinaceae), within its range (Swaine 1918; Bright 1976; Wood 1982; Furniss and Carolin 1992). Ips pini has been recorded from Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinus resinosa Ait., and Pinus strobus L. (eastern North America), and from three of four subspecies of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loudon [P. c. contorta, P. c. latifolia (Engelm.) Critch., and P. c. murrayana (Balf.) Critch.], Pinus coulteri D. Don, Pinus jeffreyi Balf., Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. and C. Laws., and Pinus flexilis James (western North America) (Furniss and Carolin 1992; Seybold et al. 1995). Hopping (1964) reported I. pini on Picea rubens Sarg., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. The adult insect is intermediate in length relative to most Ips spp., ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 mm (Hopping 1964; Bright 1976; Wood 1982; USDA Forest Service 1985).
33
Krebs, C. J., M. O’Donoghue, Shawn Taylor, A. J. Kenney, E. J. Hofer, and S. Boutin. "Predicting white spruce cone crops in the boreal forests of southern and central Yukon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 1 (January 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0180.
Abstract:
White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) cone crops were measured at five regional centers in southern and central Yukon for 30 years at one site from 1986 to 2015 and at four other sites during 9 to 11 years to select the best climatic model that uses cues from growing season temperature and rainfall to predict the size of cone crops. We evaluated six climatic models that use summer temperature and rainfall of years t – 1 and t – 2 to predict cone crops in year t. July temperatures provided the best predictors of white spruce cone crops, and no rainfall variable was related to the size of cone crops. We explored three variants of July temperatures: mean temperature, degree-days > 5 °C, and maximum temperatures. For each of these, we used the ΔT model that uses the difference in the July temperature measures of years t – 1 and t – 2. We compared the resulting six models with corrected Akaike’s information criterion (AICc) to determine their relative predictive performance. The best model combined ΔT measures of degree-days > 5 °C and the four highest daily maximum July temperatures with R2 = 0.65. By comparison, the ΔT model involving only mean July temperatures was less successful (R2 = 0.49). There was good regional synchrony (rp = 0.7 to 0.8) in high cone crops over southern and central Yukon during 1986 to 2015.
34
Simard, Marie-Josée, Yves Bergeron, and Luc Sirois. "Substrate and litterfall effects on conifer seedling survivorship in southern boreal stands of Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-204.
Abstract:
Most conifer seeds die as seeds or seedlings within 5 years after dispersal. Understanding what factors keep a few of them alive is essential if natural regeneration is to be maintained in managed forests. For example, decaying logs and the conifer seedlings that often grow on them are rare under certain canopies such as deciduous trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). We conducted a seeding experiment to evaluate the role of certain substrates, and litterfall, on early conifer survivorship. Seeds of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and eastern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) were sown during 2 consecutive years on mineral soil, relocated logs, and litter in deciduous aspen and coniferous (Thuja occidentalis dominated) stands. Seedling survivor ship was monitored at the end of the first growing season and 1 year after each sowing. Conifer seedling survivorship was equivalent or greater under aspen than under cedar-dominated canopies. Picea and Thuja survivorship was highest on decaying logs of approximately 9 cm high (compared with logs buried at forest floor level) and lowest on forest floor litter during both the first growing season and the following autumnwinter. Abies survivorship was little affected by substrate type, except for low autumnwinter survival on litter. Thuja autumnwinter survival was significantly reduced by litterfall in both deciduous and coniferous stands.
35
Cooke, Hilary A., and Lila M. Tauzer. "Unique songbird communities in mature riparian spruce forest compared with upland forest in southern Yukon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 5 (May 2020): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0381.
Abstract:
There has been limited study of songbird communities in different habitats of the lowland boreal forests of southern Yukon, including the mature forest valued for timber harvest. Our goal was to describe the songbird community during the breeding season in a mature (≥80 years since wildfire) forest dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) adjacent to streams (n = 23) and wetlands (n = 15) compared with a nearby upland forest. Based on point count surveys, songbird communities were unique in the mature forest in the riparian forest edge position, including greater species richness and four significant riparian indicator species. Songbird communities were also unique in the forest adjacent to streams versus wetlands. We mapped species observations along 300 m transects from riparian to upland forests and identified nine species with greater abundance closer to the riparian forest edge. Many of these species are typically associated with riparian and wetland habitats for breeding. Most of the variability in the songbird community was explained by study site, likely related to high variability in forest type and amount of wetland and open water but also to unmeasured habitat characteristics. Our results increase the knowledge of songbird communities in this unique boreal region and suggest that riparian reserve zones in forest management may be useful for protecting songbird habitat.
36
Larchevêque, Marie, Guy R. Larocque, Francine Tremblay, Stéphane Gaussiran, Robert Boutin, Suzanne Brais, Jean Beaulieu, Gaëtan Daoust, and Pierre Périnet. "Juvenile productivity of five hybrid poplar clones and 20 genetically improved white and Norway spruces in boreal clay-belt of Quebec, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86225-2.
Abstract:
Similar to other boreal regions of Canada, northwestern Quebec has abundant lands available for the establishment of high-productivity plantations. However, few genetically improved species have been tested for this region. Three sites were planted with five hybrid poplar clones; 19 families of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) of southern Ontario and Quebec origins; 20 families of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) of northeastern European origins; and a local seed source of white spruce. Survival and productivity were evaluated during their first three growing seasons. Survival rate was high for all selected plant material. For white spruce, genetically improved families were more productive than the local seed source. The use of exotics (Norway spruce or P. maximowiczii hybrids) did not confer any growth benefit at this early stage. Key words: survival, height, root collar diameter, field trial, exotic and native species
37
Arquillière, Sylvie, Louise Filion, K. Gajewski, and Conrad Cloutier. "A dendroecological analysis of eastern larch (Larixlaricina) in subarctic Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-174.
Abstract:
Two new dendrochronological series of eastern larch (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) from subarctic Quebec extend from 1710 to 1987 (Whapmagoostui–Kuujjuarapik, eastern Hudson Bay) and from 1596 to 1978 (Rivière aux Feuilles, western Ungava). In both regions, the tree-ring series show similar long-term variations. Generally, conditions were more favorable for growth at the end of the 19th century and during the 20th century than before. A comparison of several larch and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) tree-ring series from northern Quebec indicates significant shared variance between regions and species. Larch chronologies show two important depressions during the 20th century, between 1905–1908 and 1940–1946, which are more obvious in the two series from the southern forest–tundra than in the series from Ungava. These may be caused by outbreaks of the larch sawfly, Pristiphoraerichsonii (Htg.).
38
Jozsa, L. A., and J. M. Powell. "Some climatic aspects of biomass productivity of white spruce stem wood." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-165.
Abstract:
Biomass productivity was determined for white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) in the boreal forests of Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and Manitoba. Comparisons were made between southern and northern locations, between eastern and western transect locations, and between older (200 + years) and younger (110 years) trees. At 13 sampling locations, X-ray densitometric tree ring data were obtained from the base of the stem, breast height, and from five points equidistant along the stem. Markedly higher stem wood biomass productivity was found for the 110-year-old trees than for the 210-year-old trees in Alberta; average ring weights were 3.8 and 1.2 g for the first 100 years of growth in 1 cm thick disks at breast height. These results suggest that climatic warming since the end of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1850) has resulted in higher biomass productivity in the Canadian boreal forest.
39
Aistrup, Joseph A. "The Influence of Turnout and Constituency Diversity on Voting in Southern State House Races in the 1990s." American Review of Politics 23 (July 1, 2002): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.141-166.
Abstract:
This research focuses on assessing the impact of participation on voting in southern state legislative elections in the 1990s. While turnout is the subject of much study as a dependent variable (Hill and Leighley 1999; Bullock, Gaddie, and Kuzenski 1995; Weber 2000, 233-246; Gaddie and Bullock 1997; Davidson 1994; Hogan 1999), its relationship to southern state legislative outcomes has not been extensively studied. I find that higher levels of turnout lead to increased votes for the Republicans. While this was the case only in South Carolina in the early 1990s, by the late 1990s, this pattern was consistent across five of the ten states under study. These findings suggest that the relationship between participation and voting in state legislative elections in the South may be becoming similar to congressional elections (Campbell 1996). This study also focuses on the influences of constituency diversity on voting outcomes at the state house level. In recent years, most of the discussion regarding the influences of constituency characteristics has been centered around assessing the impact of creating numerous majority-minority districts during the 1990s redistricting (see Lublin and Voss 2000). This study moves beyond this debate to assess the influence of constituency diversity on aggregate voting outcomes, beyond majority-minority districts. Using a measure of constituency diversity (based on the work of William Koetzle (1998)), which measures the “political diversity” of districts, the findings support the contention that constituency diversity has a significant influence in structuring aggregate voting outcomes.
40
Menezes, Fernando Heberson, Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo, Juliane Saldanha, Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, Hugo Fernandes-Ferreira, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela, and Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa. "Phylogenetic relationships, distribution, and conservation of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum Voss & da Silva, 2001 (Rodentia, Erethizontidae)." ZooKeys 1179 (September 11, 2023): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1179.108766.
Abstract:
The New World porcupines of the genus Coendou comprise 16 species of arboreal nocturnal rodents. Some of these species are poorly known and have not been included in phylogenetic analyses. Based on recently collected specimens with associated tissue from the Brazilian Amazonia, we investigate the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum, using an integrative approach using mitochondrial gene sequences and morphological data from new specimens and localities. Our results recovered C. roosmalenorum in the subgenus Caaporamys. However, analyses of our molecular and combined datasets produced different topologies. The new record shows the presence of C. roosmalenorum 480 km to the southeast of the Rio Madeira and 95 km away from Rio Juruena in Mato Grosso state, indicating a wider distribution in southern Amazonia than suspected. All known records of C. roosmalenorum are in the Madeira biogeographical province, to which it might be endemic.
41
Simpson, David G. "Seasonal and geographic origin effects on cold hardiness of white spruce buds, foliage, and stems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-140.
Abstract:
Cold hardiness of dormant vegetative buds from white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees originating from throughout the species' North American range was measured by differential thermal analysis between August and April at Vernon, B.C. Buds were least hardy in early fall (low temperature exotherm −12 to −25 °C) and most hardy midwinter (low temperature exotherms −20 to −34 °C). Buds of northerly origin trees were more hardy in early fall (September–October) than buds of more southerly origin trees. Similar results were observed for foliage and stem tissue in early fall using electrolyte leakage measurements following −16 °C freezing.
42
Tremblay, Monique, and Jean-Pierre Simon. "Genetic structure of marginal populations of white spruce (Piceaglauca) at its northern limit of distribution in Nouveau-Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-211.
Abstract:
The genetic structure of six marginal populations of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) located at Richmond Gulf in the subarctic region of Nouveau-Québec, and one southern population located at Kuujjuaraapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine) were analyzed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis for seven enzyme systems. The analysis of 27 loci disclosed an average polymorphism of 76.2% and a level of heterozygosity of 0.319. Data based on Wright's; statistics: indicated a deficiency of heterozygotes for 60% of the loci, as calculated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These results, coupled with the very low percentage of filled seeds in cones of all populations, suggest that a certain level of inbreeding or gene exchange among near-neighbour relatives influences the genetic structure of these populations. The genetic differentiation among populations is relatively high for a conifer [Formula: see text] and is not correlated with geographic distance. The age of trees, covering a period of 400 years affected by climatic changes, does not contribute to the genetic differentiation of the populations.
43
Desponts, Mireille, Ariane Plourde, Jean Beaulieu, and Gaétan Daoust. "Impact de la sélection sur la variabilité génétique de l'épinette blanche au Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-151.
Abstract:
The genetic structure and variability of two natural white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss.) populations from southern Quebec were compared by isoenzymatic analysis with those observed from three superior provenances of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions. Twenty 15- to 20-year-old trees, selected within the provenances and integrated into a diallel cross plan, were also studied. The analysis of seven enzymatic systems demonstrates, in an overall fashion, the consistency of variability within provenances when these are compared with natural populations. It indicates that the selection of a restricted number of individuals in these populations does not cause a significant loss of variability. The level of heterozygosity for the selected individuals integrated into the diallel cross plan appears very high and no loss of alleles is recorded when compared with the original provenances, despite the sizeable reduction in numbers. This result suggests that the second selection, in favour of individuals demonstrating a strengthened vigour, favored the most polymorph genotypes.
44
Bauhus, Jürgen, and Christian Messier. "Soil exploitation strategies of fine roots in different tree species of the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-206.
Abstract:
This study compared the ability of conifers (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and deciduous trees (Populus tremuloides Michx., Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and shrubs and herbs to exploit soils in a southern boreal forest. Root samples were collected from undisturbed soil and ingrowth cores (disturbed soil) of aspen- and conifer-dominated plots. Total fine-root biomass was similar in aspen and conifer plots but length density was higher under aspen. The low root length density (0.7 cm·cm-3) of conifers suggests a dependency on mycorrhizal associations for effective nutrient uptake. Coniferous fine roots were thicker than in the other species. Root tip and internode lengths in deciduous trees showed little differences between undisturbed and disturbed soil, whereas these parameters increased substantially in conifers in disturbed soil. Root growth and architecture in disturbed soil indicated that conifers follow a conservative strategy of optimizing soil exploitation efficiency through the relatively slow development of coarse fine-root systems. In contrast, deciduous trees and understorey shrubs and herbs colonized favourable soil environments to a larger extent maintaining highly ramified thin fine roots to optimize the exploited soil volume. The different soil exploitation strategies may be as important as those differences reported for aboveground growth to explain the coexistence of these species.
45
Volney, W. J. A., and H. F. Cerezke. "The phenology of white spruce and the spruce budworm in northern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-026.
Abstract:
Studies on the development of spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) on white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were conducted in northern Alberta in 1969 and again in 1990. The phenology of this insect and its host were described using stochastic models. The synchrony between host and insect is remarkable; each instar specializes on a particular shoot developmental stage, with feeding ceasing when shoots start to become lignified. There was little difference between estimates for the duration of the feeding stages of populations observed in 1969 and those studied in 1990. The models also described the variation that might be encountered in treatment blocks when operational considerations of scheduling treatments over large areas are a concern. When measured in degree-days, the initiation of emergence is later and the postemergence period is shorter in these northern populations than those reported for populations in southern Canada on the same host. The nature of the seasonal controls of spruce budworm development is unknown, but the differences between northern and southern populations of the insect suggest that knowledge of these controls will be invaluable if the status of these populations is to be evaluated under climate-change scenarios. The synchrony with host development and the short duration of the early instars together with their habit of feeding in protected locations under bud caps suggest that aerially applied controls that depend on the insect acquiring lethal doses through ingestion have to be targeted to the last, sixth, instar. These observations also suggest that population suppression, rather than foliage protection, would be the better control strategy.
46
Lapenis, Andrei, George Robinson, and Gregory Lawrence. "Radial growth decline of white spruce (Picea glauca) during hot summers without drought: preliminary results from a study site south of a boreal forest border." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 52, no. 4 (April 2022): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0268.
Abstract:
If the modern climate trend continues for an additional 20–40 years, forests along the southern border of Canadian taiga may shift into new ranges of annual temperature and precipitation that are similar to the modern climate of central New York State, United States. Here we investigate the possible future response of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013–2017. The results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 °C. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013–2017 average. However, in those same years, the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 days versus 100 days) radial growth season. Abundant (350–500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20%–30%, allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded optimal growth ranges, exacerbated by temperature extremes in ranges that lead to photoinhibition. The latter case was evident in the two warmest growing seasons (2013 and 2017), marked by extended periods of high daytime temperature (>30 °C) followed by early cessation of radial growth independent of seasonal precipitation.
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Weir, JMH, and E. A. Johnson. "Effects of escaped settlement fires and logging on forest composition in the mixedwood boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-001.
Abstract:
The southern edge of the boreal forest in central Saskatchewan, Canada, has had its forest composition changed in the first decades of this century, primarily by logging and escaped fires from adjacent agricultural clearance. Three timber berths were established in 1884 within and immediately adjacent to the present southern half of Prince Albert National Park (established in 1927). These timber berths were selectively logged for saw timber between 1900 and 1918. Between 1907 and 1918, an average of 70 trees per hectare were removed by selective logging. Most of these trees were white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Since logging companies were required to remove all merchantable trees with a basal diameter greater than 25 cm, it is estimated that between 28 and 54% of the canopy trees were removed. Between 1883 and 1942, 81% of the timber berths were burned two or more times by crown fires that spread through the study area from adjacent agricultural clearances 30 km or more away. By 1945, agricultural clearance was largely complete and the clearance-caused fires stopped. The changes in tree composition were determined by transition probabilities between forest surveys taken in 1883 and 1994. Forests subjected to short-interval, clearance-caused fires but no logging were significantly reduced in their abundance of sexually reproducing trees such as white spruce, but increased in trees with either vegetative reproduction (i.e., underground stems, not just basal sprouts) or serotinous cones, such as aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), respectively. Transition probabilities for forests experiencing both short-interval, clearance-caused fires and logging reveal an even more marked compositional change in this direction.
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Lloyd, Andrea H., Alexis E. Wilson, Christopher L. Fastie, and R. Matthew Landis. "Population dynamics of black spruce and white spruce near the arctic tree line in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 2073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-119.
Abstract:
Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) is the dominant species in interior Alaska but it is largely absent from the arctic tree line. To evaluate the importance of climate and fire as controls over the species distribution, we reconstructed stand history at three sites near its northern limit in Alaska, where it grows with white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). We developed a matrix model to explore black spruce population dynamics and response to varying fire intervals. All sites burned in the early 1900s. High recruitment of black spruce occurred for <30 years following the fire, but most current black spruce recruitment is clonal and seed viability is low. White spruce recruitment has been consistently high since the fire, and the majority of seedlings in the stands are white spruce. Despite low recruitment, the matrix model suggests that black spruce populations are nearly stable, largely because of low adult mortality rates. Although black spruce recruitment is stimulated by fire, the model indicates that fire intervals <350 years would destabilize the population, primarily because of slow growth and low seed production. Population dynamics of black spruce at its northern limit in Alaska thus appear to reflect an interaction between fire, which determines the temporal pattern of tree recruitment, and climate, which limits tree growth and, presumably, viable seed production.
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Quiñonez-Piñón and Valeo. "Scaling Approach for Estimating Stand Sapwood Area from Leaf Area Index in Five Boreal Species." Forests 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100829.
Abstract:
This paper presents a scaling approach for estimating sapwood area at the stand level using knowledge obtained for individual trees of five boreal species: Populus tremuloides (Michx.), Pinus contorta (Doug. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), Pinus banksiana (Lamb.), Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. Previously developed allometric models for sapwood depth and diameter at breast height for individual tree species were used to build stand level sapwood area estimates as well as stand level leaf area estimates, in pure and mixed vascular vegetation stands. A stand’s vegetation heterogeneity is considered in the scaling approach by proposing regression models for each species. The new combined scaling approach drew strong linear correlations at the stand scale between sapwood area and leaf area using observations taken in mixed stands of Southern Alberta, Canada. This last outcome suggests a good linear relationship between stand sapwood area and stand leaf area. The accuracy of the results was tested by observing each regression model’s adequacy and by estimating the error propagated through the whole scaling process.
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Pike, Carolyn C., James C. Warren, and Rebecca A. Montgomery. "Effects of artificial warming during quiescence on budbreak and growth of white spruce, Picea glauca." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 11 (November 2017): 1538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0102.
Abstract:
Climate change is expected to increase winter temperatures in boreal climates. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is vulnerable to spring frost damage due to its habit of early budbreak, which may be exacerbated or lessened with increasingly warm winters at its southern range edge. We tested the effects of episodic warming during the quiescent stage on budbreak time and growth of seven seed sources grown in a common garden setting in Minnesota, USA. Treatment plots were warmed with infrared lamps for 4 days each in February, March, or February and March to simulate a midwinter thaw. Control plots for each treatment and an overall control were included for comparison. Trees warmed in February experienced a slight delay in spring budbreak, but differences in budbreak time were generally not significant. Terminal growth was significantly and negatively correlated with time of budbreak but not with time to growth cessation. Our results suggest that white spruce is relatively resilient to the effects of intermittent warming but that warming early in the season may delay budbreak time, which is expected to reduce terminal growth.