Journal articles: 'Southern Tablelands'

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Garden, D. L., P. M. Dowling, D. A. Eddy, and H. I. Nicol. "A survey of farms on the Central, Southern and Monaro Tablelands of New South Wales: management practices, farmer knowledge of native grasses, and extent of native grass areas." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 8 (2000): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98157.

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Results are presented of a survey of pastoral properties on the Central, Southern and Monaro Tablelands of New South Wales carried out during 1991—92. Landholders were interviewed to obtain information on property size, enterprise types, grazing management, tree clearing, fertiliser history and carrying capacity. In addition, familiarity with native grass species, and knowledge of their value were determined. The main grazing enterprises were wool and beef. The most common form of livestock management was continuous grazing. Most properties had been extensively cleared of trees (average cleared area 80%), and there had been a significant amount of disturbance of the original pastures. This varied from 40% of total property area for the Central and Monaro Tablelands to 60% for the Southern Tablelands. The main form of disturbance was cultivation for pasture sowing or fodder cropping. Landholders had used 80% more fertiliser on disturbed areas than on undisturbed areas, with most fertiliser applied on the Southern Tablelands and least on the Monaro Tablelands. The average carrying capacities of undisturbed and disturbed pastures over the tablelands were 4.3 and 7.7 dry sheep equivalents per hectare, respectively. While most landholders were satisfied with the performance of their sown pastures, there was a lack of knowledge of the contribution of native perennial grasses to pasture production. Using survey data, it was estimated that pastures with native grasses as the major components covered a minimum of 1.38 million hectares or 40% of the surveyed area. With such a large contribution to production, there is a need to assist landholders to identify native perennial grasses so that their potential value can be more fully realised.

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Ayres, J. F., M. J. Blumenthal, L. A. Lane, and J. W. O'Connor. "Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) in perennial pastures in eastern Australia. 2. Adaptation and applications of lotus-based pasture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04242.

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This co-learning study with greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus Schukr.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was undertaken in the Perennial Pasture Zone of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in conjunction with 14 community groups. The overall study combined a field experiment investigating grazing management practices with a co-learning study assessing the adaptation and potential applications of these 2 Lotus species. The present paper reports on the co-learning study. Seventeen sites were established on farms situated in the North Coast, Northern Tablelands, North West Slopes, South Coast and Southern Tablelands regions of NSW. Of the 17 co-learning sites, greater lotus or birdsfoot trefoil was established successfully and yielded useful findings at 9 of 10 sites in northern NSW and 3 of 7 sites in southern NSW. Establishment failure of greater lotus or birdsfoot trefoil at the 5 remaining sites was associated with severe drought conditions at, or shortly following, sowing. Results from across the 4 regions are collated to report on the adaptation of the 2 Lotus species to a diversity of climatic, edaphic and management applications. The study has confirmed that greater lotus is a valuable perennial legume for high rainfall coastal plains, coastal low-lands, coastal hill-country and niche tablelands environments where the average annual rainfall (AAR) exceeds 1000 mm. Significantly, the study shows that birdsfoot trefoil has important potential for low fertility acidic soils on tablelands and slopes where the AAR is 650–1000 mm, especially in northern NSW.

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PROSSER, IAN. "Fire, Humans and Denudation at Wangrah Creek, Southern Tablelands, N.S.W." Australian Geographical Studies 28, no. 1 (April 1990): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1990.tb00623.x.

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4

Sam, Greg A., and Paul Van Buynder. "Q fever cluster in the Southern Tablelands district of NSW." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 10 (November 1995): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124735.x.

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5

Garden, D. L., P. M. Dowling, D. A. Eddy, and H. I. Nicol. "The influence of climate, soil, and management on the composition of native grass pastures on the central, southern, and Monaro tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 9 (2001): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98184.

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Pastures on 126 properties on the central, southern, and Monaro tablelands were surveyed to determine their botanical composition. Data on climate, soils, pasture sowing, fertiliser history, and stock management were collected to relate current composition to environmental factors and previous management. Native grass-based pastures were found to be widespread, and in many cases, pastures were dominated by native grasses, despite many decades of pasture improvement. Seventeen genera of native perennial grasses comprising over 35 species were identified. The most common species on the central tablelands were Austrodanthonia spp., Bothriochloa macra, and Microlaena stipoides; on the southern tablelands, Austrodanthoniaspp. and M. stipoides; and on the Monaro, Poa spp., Austrodanthonia spp., Themeda australis, and Austrostipa spp. Soil type was the most important factor affecting species distribution, and other soil attributes such as texture, pH, P, and N were also important. Environmental (rainfall) and management (superphosphate application, stock type, stocking rate) factors also influenced distribution. The significant areas of native grass pastures that were found suggest a decline in sown species and a recolonisation of sown pastures with native grasses. The potential for manipulation of botanical composition of these grasslands is discussed, together with their value for production and sustainability.

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Hatcher, S., J. Eppleston, R. P. Graham, J. McDonald, S. Schlunke, B. Watt, and K. J. Thornberry. "Higher weaning weight improves postweaning growth and survival in young Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07407.

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Two monitoring projects were conducted to investigate weaner mortality in commercial Merino flocks in the Yass and the Central Tablelands Rural Lands Protection Boards located in the Southern Tablelands agricultural region of New South Wales. The projects were conducted in Yass in 2005 and in the Central Tablelands in 2006. A random sample of weaners from four flocks in the Yass board and 11 flocks in the Central Tablelands board were regularly weighed, growth rates were calculated after weaning and survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual weaner at subsequent weighing activities. Weaning weight was the most important factor in determining postweaning liveweight, growth rates and survival with the significant impact of weaning weight on liveweight persisting for up to 6 months after weaning. Despite the lightest weaners being capable of considerable compensatory growth given sufficient postweaning nutrition, the lightest 25% of weaners were more than twice as likely to die as heavier weaners. A focus on ewe nutrition and parasite control during late pregnancy and lactation will allow Merino producers to achieve higher weaning weights that will set their weaners up for strong postweaning growth with a decreased likelihood of mortality.

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Ayres, J. F., M. J. Blumenthal, J. W. O'Connor, L. A. Lane, and H. I. Nicol. "Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) in perennial pastures in eastern Australia. 1. Effects of grazing management on persistence." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04241.

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A study was undertaken in the Perennial Pasture Zone in New South Wales, Australia, to investigate the potential of lotus-based pastures (greater lotus, Lotus uliginosus Schukr.; birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L.) to improve grazing production. The study was based on a methodology that combined a grazing experiment to determine the effects of grazing management on lotus persistence, with a co-learning phase to assess the adaptation and applications of lotus across the high rainfall zone. The present paper reports on the grazing experiment that was replicated in 4 regions (North Coast, South Coast, Northern Tablelands, Southern Tablelands) and that included combinations of grazing strategy (summer rest, autumn rest, 14-day spell or 28-day spell), grazing intensity (low or high herbage mass), Lotus species and cultivar (L. uliginosus cvv. Grasslands Maku, Sharnae; L. corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie or ‘Spanish’ breeding line) and companion grass (sown or volunteer) treatments. The experiment provided results for the establishment and botanical presence of both Lotus species, and the expression of their persistence mechanisms in these 4 environments. Greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku established best under coastal conditions and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie established best under tablelands conditions. The degree of nodulation of greater lotus cv. Sharnae and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie was less than nodulation of greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku, but nodulation had no apparent effect on seedling vigour. The population density of all Lotus cultivars declined substantially at the North Coast, South Coast and Southern Tablelands sites during severe drought conditions. However, both birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie and greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku remained relatively stable at the Northern Tablelands site with greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku maintaining 20–40% presence and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie retaining 30–50% presence, depending on time of year. In general, there was little effect of grazing management practice on arresting the decline in lotus presence due to drought, or on enhancing the regeneration processes associated with lotus persistence.

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8

Gilfedder, Louise. "Grassland Flora: a field guide for the Southern Tablelands (NSW and ACT)." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990240.

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There has been a recent flurry of field guides to grassy ecosystems in southeastern Australia, and all the publications have been excellent. This attractive field guide is no exception. It is a spiral-bound A-sized booklet, ideal for the glovebox or the backpack. It is easy to use for both the novice and expert, with colour coding separating sections on grasses, rushes and sedges, lilies, orchids, forbs, ferns, shrubs and trees. Within each life form section entries are alphabetical for grasses and sedges, but generally species are grouped together based on the colour of their flowers. And an excellent addition is the inclusion of weeds ? many interested users will be very pleased to sort out which species are native or not ? often a challenge in grasslands! The text is informative and uses non-technical language. It is most helpful to have notes on similar species and how to tell the difference. Large colour symbols clearly indicate if a species is annual, exotic, noxious or threatened. Brief management notes are also very practical and informative. A short glossary and explanation of terms also makes this a useful guide, especially for beginners. A brief but adequate introduction outlines the conservation plight of native grasslands, and gives information on threatened plant species and plant communities, grassland animals and management of grassy ecosystems. This is an excellent publication, very comprehensive, great value and useable throughout southeastern Australia. Every time I have had my copy in the field a landowner has grabbed it, and then several of their mates ring up for a copy too.

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9

Culvenor, Richard, Suzanne Boschma, and Kevin Reed. "Recurrent selection for grazing tolerance in winter-active populations of the perennial grass, Phalaris aquatica L." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3041.

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Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a perennial grass of Mediterranean origin used widely by the sheep and cattle industries of south-eastern Australia. Winter-active cultivars released since the 1970's have the potential for higher herbage productivity than the earlier, semi-winter dormant cultivars but have been reported to be less persistent under sub-optimal grazing management and soil conditions. To improve genetic potential for persistence in winter-active phalaris, a program of recurrent selection was conducted by subjecting three populations of half-sib families to two cycles of selection for persistence under heavy, largely continuous grazing pressure. Cycle 2 progeny families and bulked seedlots of each generation were grown in separate grazed plot trials in Western Victoria and the Southern Tablelands and North-West Slopes of New South Wales from 1999-2003 to assess response to selection. Positive linear response to selection was observed in all populations at the Western Victorian and Southern Tablelands sites. Response to selection was absent and persistence was very low under higher temperature and drought stress on the North-West Slopes. This high level of genotype Ã— environment interaction for persistence was also observed among final generation families. Families with better persistence than current winteractive cultivars at the two southern sites were identified in each population and a new cultivar is being formed from the parents.

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10

Neil, D. T., and R. K. Mazari. "Sediment yield mapping using small dam sedimentation surveys, Southern Tablelands, New South Wales." CATENA 20, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(93)90026-l.

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11

Crisp, Michael. "Eucalyptus recurva (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Telopea 3, no. 2 (May 26, 1988): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19884809.

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12

Jobson, Peter, and Peter Weston. "Dillwynia glaucula (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae), a new species from the Southern Tablelands, New South Wales." Telopea 8, no. 1 (December 21, 1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19982009.

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13

Gillespie, Richard, I. P. Prosser, Edward Dlugokencky, R. J. Sparks, Gavin Wallace, and J. M. A. Chappell. "AMS Dating of Alluvial Sediments on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia." Radiocarbon 34, no. 1 (1992): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200013394.

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The dating of alluvial deposits is frequently hampered by a lack of good-quality charcoal or other material for radiocarbon samples. We have dated two sites in southeastern Australia using traditional radiometric methods with minimal pretreatment. Results yielded an inconsistent chronology, affected by contamination with younger humic materials. A more consistent and older chronology was achieved using AMS dating of rigorously pretreated samples of fine-grained charcoal. The results have important implications for the radiocarbon dating of many Late Quaternary stratigraphic sequences with low charcoal abundance.

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Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "The economics of temperate pasture systems on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01003.

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Pastures are the basis of most forms of agricultural production on the New South Wales central and southern tablelands. Pastures occupy the bulk of the region's landmass and pasture-based livestock production annually contributes more than three-quarters of the regional gross value of rural production. Throughout the region, there is substantial variation in pasture composition, ranging from high quality introduced perennial grasses and legumes to pastures comprising mainly low quality native species. This paper examines the economics of the main categories of temperate pastures over a range of soil fertility-rainfall environments on the south-eastern tablelands areas of New South Wales. Using a linear programming model and discounted development budgets, the results demonstrate the strong influence of the environment on the economics of the individual pasture systems. The highest economic returns in both the short and longer-terms were to the introduced perennial grass pastures in most of the environments. Pastures based on introduced legumes and the high quality native species also generated sound economic returns, although there are recognised problems with the persistence of the legume pastures. Over time, the returns to the better quality native pastures compare favourably with the introduced legumes and are better suited to acidic soils than the perennial grasses. Low quality native species produced relatively poor economic returns in all environments and unfortunately, are the main pasture type in the region's less favourable environments.

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Jobson, Peter, and Peter Weston. "Two new species of Dillwynia (Fabaceae: Merbelieae) from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Telopea 8, no. 3 (December 16, 1999): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19995424.

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Steinbauer, Martin J., and Tom A. Weir. "Summer activity patterns of nocturnal Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of the southern tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Entomology 46, no. 1 (February 2007): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00579.x.

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KEMP, JUSTINE, and GEOFF HOPE. "Vegetation and environments since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Tablelands, New South Wales." Journal of Quaternary Science 29, no. 8 (November 2014): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2749.

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Colgan, D. J., D. O'Meally, and R. A. Sadlier. "Phylogeographic patterns in reptiles on the New England Tablelands at the south-western boundary of the McPherson Macleay Overlap." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 5 (2009): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08088.

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Phylogeographic studies of eastern Australia have generally supported earlier biogeographical studies based on taxon distributions by concurring in the placement of significant intraspecific boundaries. Such studies may potentially clarify biogeographic boundaries that are presently unclear, such as the poorly defined southern edges of the McPherson Macleay Overlap. Here we investigate reptile phylogeography in the northern tablelands of New South Wales to study the south-western boundaries of the Overlap as these are especially uncertain. Cytochrome b sequences from Ctenotus robustus, C. taeniolatus and Oedura lesueurii, three lizard species widespread across the New England Tablelands, were analysed by examining single-strand conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing. In both O. lesueurii and C. taeniolatus most deeper nodes within species define geographically localised clades. This was not the case for C. robustus. Boundaries between sister-group clades were discovered in multiple locations in the region – between Glen Innes and Armidale, between Armidale and Tamworth and to the south of the Liverpool Plains. The boundaries in C. taeniolatus and O. lesueurii were probably formed in at least two different periods. The phylogeographic patterns may be partly explained by glacially induced aridity cycles in the early Pleistocene or before.

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Huang, Chun Chang, Jiangli Pang, and Ping Huang. "An early Holocene erosion phase on the loess tablelands in the southern Loess Plateau of China." Geomorphology 43, no. 3-4 (March 2002): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(01)00133-7.

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Parer, I., and JA Libke. "Biology of the Wild Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910327.

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Shot samples of rabbits were taken every eight weeks for two years at four sites in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. Age structure differed between sites. The two sites at which rabbits were controlled by poisoning had the youngest age structures; the site where rabbits were not controlled had the the oldest age structure, the lowest density, the least myxomatosis and the highest production of young per female. The seasonal percentages of males in the samples were inversely proportional to the percentages of lactating females. Rabbits that were recovering from myxomatosis had higher infestations of Graphidium strigosum than rabbits that had active myxomatosis or no symptoms. At one of the sites, rabbits with myxomatosis were shot on every sampling occasion. Differences between sites, in duration and timing of reproduction, were very small compared with differences between rabbit populations from climatically different regions of Australasia; annual production of young per female older than six months varied between sites from 23.7 to 26.5 compared with the range of 15-53 for Australasia. The percentage of pregnant females and fertile males was highest in late spring and fell to zero for 1-2 months in summer. This seasonal pattern of reproduction is intermediate between the pattern found in some high-rainfall Australasian environments, where more than 30% of the females are pregnant in all months, and the patterns in arid, semi-arid and subalpine environments, where no females are pregnant for 3-6 months of the year.

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Popp, S., J. Eppleston, B. R. Watt, S. Mansfield, and R. D. Bush. "The prevalence of lice (Bovicola ovis) in sheep flocks on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11240.

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In response to suggestions that the incidence of louse infestations in New South Wales has increased markedly, a survey of 173 producers was conducted in the Tablelands Livestock Health and Pest Authority region using visual detection and a questionnaire to document retrospective lice history. An estimated apparent prevalence of 16.5% is a moderate increase from the 10% reported in 2004. On a subset of the surveyed sheep flocks sheep, lice-specific immunoassay conducted by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries were used to detect low levels of infestation that were not identified by visual detection. This provided a true prevalence estimate of 30%. These results will be used to promote improved control and preventative strategies.

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22

Crocker, GJ, and ICR Holford. "Effects of pasture improvement with superphosphate on soil pH, nitrogen and carbon in a summer rainfall environment." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 2 (1991): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910221.

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The effects of pasture improvement on soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon and extractable phosphorus (P) were determined by analysing adjacent soils from improved and unimproved pastures at 67 sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Pasture improved sites contained at least 1 clover species, predominantly white clover, and had received at least 125 kg P/ha over periods of 15-45 years. The majority of pasture improved sites contained more soil nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus and were of lower soil pH than adjacent unimproved sites. However, the decreases in pH were not statistically significant and not usually related to the magnitude of the increases in other soil fertility parameters nor to the amounts of superphosphate applied or duration of fertiliser history. The largest decline in soil pH and largest increase in organic carbon were on granitic soils which had received more than 250 kg P/ha. The relatively small decreases in soil pH and lack of relationship with fertiliser history, compared with soils from southern New South Wales, were attributed to: (i) re-cycling of legume-fixed nitrogen by summer-growing grasses; (ii) the naturally lower pH, higher nitrogen content and higher buffering capacity of many northern soils. Soil acidification therefore seems to be much slower and less frequent in the perennial pasture systems of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.

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Magcale-Macandog, DB, and RDB Whalley. "Factors Affecting the Distribution and Abundance of Microlaena Stipoides (Labill.) R.br. On the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 16, no. 1 (1994): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940026.

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The distribution of Microlaena stipoides on the Northern Tablelands of NSW was examined in a survey of 101 paddocks on 33 properties. Relationships among the abundance of M. stipoides and spatial, climatic, soil and pasture management factors were determined using X2, regression and cluster analyses. Paddocks with more abundant M. stipoides were observed in the eastern and southern parts of the Tablelands where altitude (>750 m) and rainfall (>750 mm) are higher. Higher tree density was associated with more abundant M, stipoides as were native and natural compared with highly improved pastures. Frequent cultivation (regular and intermittent) was associated with absence or very low abundance of M. stipoides. On the other hand, paddocks which had not been cultivated for along time tended to have more M. stipoides than those that had been cultivated in the last five years. Total amount of superphosphate applied, type of grazing animal and grazing method were not associated with the abundance of M. stipoides. Acidic soils had more M, stipoides than soils of higher pH (up to 6.5). Combinations of site factors such as high elevation and rainfall, high tree density, minimum soil disturbance and acidic soil lead to abundant M. stipoides in pastures. Pasture communities in the north and west of the study area had a greater abundance of native warm season perennial grasses and less M. stipoides.

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Acworth, R. I., and J. Jankowski. "Salt source for dryland salinity - evidence from an upland catchment on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Soil Research 39, no. 1 (2001): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99120.

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A detailed study involving drilling, geophysics, hydrogeochemistry, and groundwater monitoring over a 10-year period has been carried out at a small catchment south-east of Yass on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales to investigate the source of salt causing dryland salinity. The catchment is within 2 km of the top of a regional groundwater and surface water divide and remains substantially tree covered. The investigations have found a highly heterogeneous distribution of salt, most of which is associated with swelling clay. Dispersion of this clay causes the surface features commonly associated with dryland salinity. There is no hydrogeochemical evidence to suggest evaporative or transpirative concentration of salt in the groundwater. The short flow path from the top of the catchment cannot provide a significant source of salt from bedrock weathering. An alternative model of salt accumulation is proposed with the salt imported into the catchment with silt during dust storms in the arid and windy conditions during the last glacial. The management implications of this model of salt distribution and the associated dryland salinity development are discussed.

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Dowling, P. M., D. L. Garden, D. A. Eddy, and D. I. Pickering. "Effect of soil pH on the distribution ofDanthoniaspecies on the tablelands of central and southern New South Wales." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 4 (December 1996): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1996.9513221.

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Prosser, Ian P. "A Comparison of Past and Present Episodes of Gully Erosion at Wangrah Creek, Southern Tablelands, New South Wales." Australian Geographical Studies 29, no. 1 (April 1991): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1991.tb00711.x.

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Culvenor, R. A., S. P. Boschma, and K. F. M. Reed. "Persistence of winter-active phalaris breeding populations, cultivars and other temperate grasses in diverse environments of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05342.

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Three winter-active populations of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), selected over two generations for improved persistence under grazing, were evaluated with commercial cultivars of phalaris and other temperate perennial grasses from 1999–2003 in three environments of south-eastern Australia as part of a program to develop a cultivar for more sustainable pastures and to assess genotype × environment interaction. Grazed sites were located at Bulart in western Victoria, and Rye Park on the Southern Tablelands and Tamworth on the North West Slopes of New South Wales. At the conclusion of the experiment, the frequency of live plant base was highest at Rye Park despite soil acidity and drought. Significant variance among half-sib families in each population was also observed most frequently at this site. Frequency was intermediate at Bulart but lower than expected considering high soil fertility, probably because of high grazing pressure. Frequency was lowest at Tamworth where severe drought occurred from 2001 onwards. There was significant genotype × environment interaction for frequency among half-sib families. Significant common family variance for frequency across the Bulart and Rye Park sites was demonstrated, but not between Tamworth and either of the other sites in later years. The relationship between winter herbage mass potential and persistence differed with population and site, and was negative for one population at Bulart but positive for another population at Tamworth. Mean persistence of all families was 30% higher than winter-active controls at Rye Park and at least 40% higher at Bulart. Phalaris generally persisted better than cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with some exceptions, particularly at Bulart. Development of a winter-active phalaris cultivar with improved persistence under grazing was considered possible for the Southern Tablelands and western Victorian environments with these populations but a separate program using additional germplasm will be needed for the North West Slopes environment.

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Macphail, M., L. K. Fifield, B. Pillans, M. Davies, and G. Hope. "Lake George revisited: New evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake, Southern Tablelands, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 62, no. 7 (October 3, 2015): 853–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2015.1108365.

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Suh, Jungho, Robert Lwanga, Steve Harrison, and John Herbohn. "Visitors’ Attitudes Towards and Willingness-to-Pay for Hypothetical Hoop Pine Plantations on the Pastoral Southern Atherton Tablelands, Australia." Small-scale Forestry 10, no. 3 (December 8, 2010): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-010-9151-x.

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Gunn, RH. "Shallow groundwaters in weathered volcanic, granitic and sedimentary rocks in relation to dryland salinity in southern New South Wales." Soil Research 23, no. 3 (1985): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850355.

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Soils affected by secondary salinization were studied in six areas on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. All the salt-affected areas are underlain by, or occur in close proximity to, deeply weathered volcanic, granitic and sedimentary rocks which commonly contain stores of soluble salts, dominantly sodium chloride. The chemical composition of shallow groundwaters in the areas was monitored by piezometers for periods of up to two years. Water levels in the piezometers responded rapidly to rainfall, but the ionic composition of the waters generally remained fairly uniform. All waters are dominated by sodium chloride; those with the highest contents occurred in volcanic and granitic rocks, followed by Ordovician sediments and the lowest contents were in Silurian sediments. The chlorine contents in samples of weathered rocks follow a similar sequence. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the chlorine-bearing minerals in the unaltered rocks are principally biotite, hornblende and potassium, sodium and calcium feldspars. No salt-affected soils were found in areas underlain by unweathered rocks.

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Horsnell, LJ. "The growth of improved pastures on acid soils. 3. Response of lucerne to phosphate as affected by calcium and potassium sulfates and soil aluminium levels." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850557.

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A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the response of lucerne to phosphate at various concentrations of aluminium in the soil solution. Aluminium levels were varied by adding neutral salts to an acid infertile soil, typical of those on which unusually poor responses to superphosphate have been reported on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. The addition of monocalcium phosphate reduced aluminium concentration in the soil solution and increased plant growth four-fold. The neutral salts, calcium sulfate and potassium sulfate, in the presence of calcium phosphate, increased aluminium concentrations in the soil solution and reduced plant growth and response to phosphate. It is concluded that the calcium sulfate component of single superphosphate can decrease plant growth, and thus the response to phosphate, by increasing the concentration of aluminium in the soil solution on these very acid soils..

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32

Wasson, R. J., R. K. Mazari, B. Starr, and G. Clifton. "The recent history of erosion and sedimentation on the Southern Tablelands of southeastern Australia: sediment flux dominated by channel incision." Geomorphology 24, no. 4 (September 1998): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(98)00019-1.

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33

May, CE, and MH Campbell. "Polyploidy and Ribosomal-DNA Spacer Variability in Poa labillardieri." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 6 (1991): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910567.

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With changing agricultural practices, poa tussock (Poa labillardieri Steud.) has become a serious weed of Australian tableland pastures. To determine whether there are any genetic differences within the species that might have a bearing on this problem, accessions of P. labillardieri from seven localities in south-eastern Australia were grown in a field nursery at Bathurst for comparison of their morphological attributes. Seeds from plants grown in this nursery were collected, and a further generation of plants was grown in a glasshouse for cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies. In adult plants of this generation, there were three karyotypic groups with chromosome numbers varying from 2n = 4x = 28, in nonglaucous tussocks of the Upper Hunter Valley, to 2n = 8x = 56, in glaucous tussocks from the Central and Southern Tablelands, to 2n = 12x = 84, in a Victorian coastal tussock. Because the number of chromosomes present in some seedlings from Cooma parents varied from 35 to 49 to 56, diploid or hexaploid plants must also have been present in the Bathurst nursery and contributed to the odd-ploidy seedling chromosome numbers. Ribosomal spacer DNA fragments were investigated using the wheat probe pTa250.4 to label homologous DNA sequences in genomic DNA extracted from the leaves of individual plants of P. labillardieri. Although specific DNA fragments could not be linked to either localities or levels of ploidy, they did show evidence of cross-pollination between plants of the different accessions. These levels of cytogenetic and DNA sequence variability, and the evidence they provide of widespread outcrossing within plants of similar ploidy and of hybridisation between plants of differing ploidy, may well help to explain the success of this species as a weed and affect the control measures used to stop its spread.

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34

Osborne, W. S., M. J. Littlejohn, and S. A. Thomson. "Former distribution and apparent disappearance of theLitoria aureacomplex from the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory." Australian Zoologist 30, no. 2 (May 1996): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1996.011.

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35

Recher, Harry F. "The winter foraging behaviour of birds in a mixed eucalypt forest and woodland on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 38, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2016.005.

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36

Vere, D., and P. Dowling. "An economic analysis of sown pasture trends on the tablelands of south-eastern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 25, no. 1 (2003): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj03005.

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The latter part of the 20th century has seen a persistent decline in the productivity of some types of sown pastures on the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales. Currently, much research effort is directed to stabilising the perennial grass component of these pastures. This paper evaluates the economic justification of that emphasis. It is argued that trends in livestock production can usefully represent increases or decreases in the stocks of three broad categories of sown pastures that are defined as being those pastures sown to introduced perennial grasses and legumes (perennial grasses), introduced legumes only (legumes), and the total of both these categories. Regression methods were used to determine the changes that have occurred in the livestock production from these pastures that could be explained by changes in a range of economic and other variables. The estimated models were then used to forecast wool, beef and lamb production from each pasture type. The results indicate that changes in prices and costs have influenced the trends in animal production from these pastures and that the structures of these influences have changed over time. Production from perennial grass-legume pastures has remained high relative to production from legume pastures despite adverse cost-price trends. The forecasts indicated a continuation of present levels of perennial grass-legume pasture areas but a decline in production from the legume pastures. The results support the concerns about the continued deterioration in the legume only pastures and the thrust of R&D programs that promote the benefits of perennial grass-legume pastures. The use and analysis of public data to improve understanding of the economic factors that influence the long-term stability of intensively grazed rangelands is highlighted.

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37

Craven, S. J., and N. R. Daczko. "The Keepit arc: provenance of sedimentary rocks in the central Tablelands Complex, southern New England Orogen, Australia, as recorded by detrital zircon." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 64, no. 3 (March 21, 2017): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2017.1297329.

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38

Ford, Andrew J., Cris Brack, and Ryde N. James. "Site index prediction forPinus radiataD.Don at local scale on the southern tablelands of New South Wales using a national forest productivity model." Australian Forestry 70, no. 3 (January 2007): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2007.10675015.

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39

Donnelly, JR, GT McKinney, and FHW Morley. "The productivity of breeding ewes grazing on lucerne or grass and clover pastures on the tablelands of southern Australia. 4. Lamb growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 3 (1985): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850469.

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Lambs were weighed at 6 and 12 weeks of age in 2 years in an experiment at Canberra in which their dams were stocked at six rates from 9 to 18 ha-1 on pastures sown to subterranean clover and either lucerne or phalaris. The ewes, either Merino or crossbred, were joined with Merino and Border Leicester rams over 5-week periods and lambed in mid-August or early September. In a year with moderate rainfall, single lambs reared by ewes at the mean stocking rate (13.5 ha-1) on lucerne were c. 1 kg or 8% heavier at 6 weeks (P<0.01) than those on phalaris, and c. 2 kg or 20% heavier in a much drier year when feed was scarce in winter and early spring. This weight advantage of those on lucerne increased by c. 70 g day-1 between 6 and 12 weeks of age only in the drier year. Lambs born in early September were up to 2.7�0.39 kg heavier at 6 weeks than those born in mid- August (P < 0.01); this difference did not change between 6 and 12 weeks (P > 0.05). Lamb weights declined linearly with stocking rate, more so on lucerne than on phalaris pastures (P < 0.01); this was correlated with the effect of stocking rate on maternal weight at lambing. Sire effects were more important for lambs from Merino than from crossbred ewes. Maternal effects were larger for lambs sired by Merino than by Border Leicester rams at 6 weeks but less so for weight gains between 6 and 12 weeks.

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40

Shulmeister, James, Justine Kemp, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, and Allen Gontz. "Constant wind regimes during the Last Glacial Maximum and early Holocene: evidence from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, eastern Australia." Climate of the Past 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 1435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016.

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Abstract. Here we present the results of a multi-proxy investigation – integrating geomorphology, ground-penetrating radar, and luminescence dating – of a high-elevation lunette and beach berm in northern New South Wales, eastern Australia. The lunette occurs on the eastern shore of Little Llangothlin Lagoon and provides evidence for a lake high stand combined with persistent westerly winds at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM – centring on 21.5 ka) and during the early Holocene (ca. 9 and 6 ka). The reconstructed atmospheric circulation is similar to the present-day conditions, and we infer no significant changes in circulation at those times, as compared to the present day. Our results suggest that the Southern Hemisphere westerlies were minimally displaced in this sector of Australasia during the latter part of the last ice age. Our observations also support evidence for a more positive water balance at the LGM and early Holocene in this part of the Australian sub-tropics.

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Briggs, SV, WG Lawler, and SA Thornton. "Effects of breeding and environment on body condition of maned ducks, Chenonetta jubata." Wildlife Research 18, no. 5 (1991): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910577.

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Body weights and fat levels of non-breeding maned ducks on the southern tablelands of New South Wales and in the Australian Capital Territory were high during spring and summer, and low during autumn and winter. During the non-breeding season, paired females were fatter than unpaired females but fat levels of paired and unpaired males did not differ. Protein levels of females did not vary significantly with season, but protein levels of males were lower in winter. Females undergoing rapid follicle development before laying were fatter than non-breeding birds in the same months. Before laying, females stored fat but not protein for egg production. They used 44% of their pre-laying fat while laying, and a further 47% of the body fat present at the beginning of incubation was used during it. Laying and incubating maned ducks, and ducks with young, were less fat than non-breeding birds in the same months. Body condition of maned ducks was related to food availability, whether breeding or not, to the stage of breeding, and in females to pair status.

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42

Wardhaugh, KG, and R. Morton. "The incidence of flystrike in sheep in relation to weather conditions, sheep husbandry, and the abundance of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9901155.

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The incidence of cutaneous myiases (flystrike) in sheep in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales is examined in relation to the abundance of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), and various management and environmental variables known to affect sheep susceptibility. Regression analysis showed that the incidence of flystrike increased with increases in the density and activity of gravid L. cuprina. Body strike was more predictable than crutch strike, and was positively correlated with monthly rainfall, cloud cover and the rate of pasture growth. Rainfall intensity was also important, with frequent, small falls of rain being more conducive to flystrike than occasional heavy showers. The combination of weather, pasture and fly effects accounted for 76% of the observed variance in body strike and 58% of that for crutch strike. Crutch strike appeared to replace body strike under dry conditions and also when fly densities were low (less than 0.5 gravid females h-1 trap-1), irrespective of weather conditions. The analysis of total strike suggested that rainfall determined overall levels of strike, whereas pasture conditions and cloud cover regulated type of strike.

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43

Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "Long-term change in the economic productivity of four major pasture categories on the south-eastern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01002.

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The perception of change or decline in the productivity of temperate pastures in south-eastern Australia is an important concern to livestock producers and pasture scientists. Much of this concern relates to reductions in the proportions of desirable species in the composition of pasture systems as a result of increased soil and weed problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate trends in the long-term economic productivity of four categories of temperate pastures (all introduced pastures, introduced perennial grasses, introduced legumes and all native pastures) on the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales. The results provide evidence of economic productivity decline in the all introduced pastures category in relation to sheep production, but this has been due to productivity decline in the dominant legume component of the introduced pastures. In contrast, there has been strong growth in the economic productivity of the introduced perennial grass pastures. Abnormally high beef cattle numbers in the mid-1970s appear to have created an illusion of high productivity and subsequent decline in all introduced pastures. In contrast, the economic productivity of the native pastures which are the bulk of the region's grazing areas, has fallen substantially.

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Bromfield, SM, RW Cumming, DJ David, and CH Williams. "Long-term effects of incorporated lime and topdressed lime on the pH in the surface and subsurface of pasture soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870533.

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Soil profiles from limed and unlimed commercial pastures and from lime trials on pastures in the Crookwell district of the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales were sampled and pH measured at 2- or 5-cm intervals to depths ranging from 10 to 60 cm. A single application of lime (3.6-5.6 t/ha depending on the soil) incorporated into the surface 10 cm had a long-term effect and maintained pH above 5.5 in the top 30 cm for at least 12 years. Lime applied as a topdressing to soils on granite raised the pH by at least 0.2 pH units to a depth of 15 cm after 6 years. The depth affected was less on the heavier-textured basaltic soils and on the initially more acid sedimentary soils. There appears to be a role for top-dressing with lime to prevent subsurface acidity from developing under pastures and to correct it in the upper layers of light textured soils. The pH profiles from a given treatment were variable and highlighted the problem of obtaining a field measurement for soil pH that is representative of the plant's environment.

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45

Macphail, M., L. K. Fifield, B. Pillans, and G. Hope. "Lake George revisited: new evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake, Southern Tablelands, NSW, Australia. 2: earliest Pleistocene (Gelasian) environments." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 63, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2016.1212399.

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46

Tozer, K. N., D. F. Chapman, P. E. Quigley, P. M. Dowling, R. D. Cousens, and G. A. Kearney. "Integrated management of vulpia in dryland perennial pastures of southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp07445.

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Vulpia (Vulpia species C.C. Gmel.) are annual grass weeds that can reduce pasture quality and stock-carrying capacity of perennial pastures throughout southern Australia. To develop more effective strategies to control vulpia, an experiment was established in western Victoria (average annual rainfall 565 mm) in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) pastures comparing the effects of control methods [comprising combinations of fertiliser addition (Fert), a single herbicide (simazine) application (Sim), and pasture rest from grazing (Rest)] on vulpia populations. A further herbicide treatment [paraquat-diquat (SpraySeed®)] was imposed on some of these treatments. Measurements included botanical composition, phalaris and vulpia tiller density, seed production, and number of residual seeds in the soil. Vulpia content remained unchanged in the Sim-Rest treatment but increased in all other management treatments over the duration of the 3 year study and especially where paraquat-diquat was applied, despite paraquat-diquat causing an initial reduction in vulpia content. Vulpia content was lowest in the Fert-Sim-Rest treatment. The Fert-Sim treatment and in some cases paraquat-diquat application reduced vulpia tiller production. Vulpia seed production and the residual seed population were not influenced by any of the management treatments, while the single paraquat-diquat application increased vulpia seed production 18 months after application. Phalaris content was enhanced by the Sim-Rest and Fert-Sim-Rest treatments and initially by paraquat-diquat. No treatment affected phalaris tiller production and basal cover. The subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) content declined during the experiment, but to a lesser extent where paraquat-diquat was applied. Volunteer species content was initially suppressed in the year following paraquat-application, although populations recovered after this time. Of the two Vulpia spp. present (V. bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray and V. myuros (L.) C.C. Gmelin), V. bromoides was the most prevalent. Results show how a double herbicide application can increase vulpia fecundity and rate of re-infestation of herbicide-treated sites. Pasture rest shows some promise, but to a lesser extent than in the New South Wales tablelands, where summer rainfall may increase the growth of perennial species. In lower rainfall, summer dry areas, responses to pasture rest may be slower. Despite this, integrated management (which combines strategies such as pasture rest, herbicide application, and fertiliser application) increases the perennial content and reduces vulpia seed production, thus improving vulpia control.

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MERCHANT, J. C., P. J. KERR, N. G. SIMMS, and A. J. ROBINSON. "Monitoring the spread of myxoma virus in rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations on the southern tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. I. Natural occurrence of myxomatosis." Epidemiology and Infection 130, no. 1 (February 2003): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007859.

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48

Rowland, Jesse, Conrad J. Hoskin, and Scott Burnett. "Distribution and diet of feral cats (Felis catus) in the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Australia, with a focus on the upland rainforest." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19201.

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Abstract ContextFeral cats have been identified as a key threat to Australia’s biodiversity, particularly in arid areas and tropical woodlands. Their presence, abundance and potential impacts in rainforest have received less attention. AimsTo investigate the distribution and diet of feral cats (Felis catus) in upland rainforest of the Wet Tropics. MethodsWe collated available occurrence records from the Wet Tropics, and data from upland camera-trapping surveys over an 8-year period, to assess geographic and elevational distribution of feral cats in the bioregion. We also assessed the diet of feral cats from scats collected at upland sites. Key resultsFeral cats are widespread through the Wet Tropics bioregion, from the lowlands to the peaks of the highest mountains (>1600m), and in all vegetation types. Abundance appears to vary greatly across the region. Cats were readily detected during camera-trap surveys in some upland rainforest areas (particularly in the southern Atherton Tablelands and Bellenden Ker Range), but were never recorded in some areas (Thornton Peak, the upland rainforest of Windsor Tableland and Danbulla National Park) despite numerous repeated camera-trap surveys over the past 8 years at some of these sites. Scat analysis suggested that small mammals comprise ~70% of the diet of feral cats at an upland rainforest site. Multivariate analysis could not detect a difference in mammal community at sites where cats were detected or not. ConclusionsFeral cats are widespread in the Wet Tropics and appear to be common in some upland areas. However, their presence and abundance are variable across the region, and the drivers of this variability are not resolved. Small mammals appear to be the primary prey in the rainforest, although the impacts of cats on the endemic and threatened fauna of the Wet Tropics is unknown. ImplicationsGiven their documented impact in some ecosystems, research is required to examine the potential impact of cats on Wet Tropics fauna, particularly the many upland endemic vertebrates. Studies are needed on (1) habitat and prey selection, (2) population dynamics, and (3) landscape source–sink dynamics of feral cats in the Wet Tropics.

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Campbell, MH, MJ Keys, RD Murison, and JJ Dellow. "Establishing surface-sown pastures in a Poa labillardieri-Themeda australis association." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1986): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860331.

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The effects of time and rate of application of glyphosate, 2,2-DPA and tetrapion on Poa labillardieri and Themeda australis were measured in seven experiments carried out 55 km south of Braidwood, on the southern tablelands of New South Wales between 1980 and 1982. In an eighth experiment (1981) and in a 35-ha demonstration (1983), at the same site, the effects of applying herbicides (before and after the autumn break) and surface-sowing Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea and Trifiolium repens with fertiliser on the control of P. labillardieri were ascertained. All three herbicides proved effective in reducing the ground cover of P. labillardieri from applications at any time of the year. For T. australis, tetrapion proved effective when applied at any time of the year, while glyphosate and 2,2-DPA were effective in all seasons except winter. Glyphosate at rates between 0.72 and 1.44 kg/ha a.i. was more cost effective than 2,2-DPA (11.1 kg/ha a.i.) and tetrapion (3.75 kg/ha a.i.). Best establishment and development of sown grasses and legumes was attained by applying herbicides after the autumn break but before heavy frosts, and then surface-sowing 1-3 months later. Control of P. labillardieri was best where P. aquatica and F. arundinacea established most densely.

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Broadhurst, Linda M., Brian G. Murray, Robert Forrester, and Andrew G. Young. "Cryptic genetic variability in Swainsona sericea (A. Lee) H. Eichler (Fabaceae): lessons for restoration." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 5 (2012): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12026.

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Grassland communities worldwide have been extensively modified or lost following broadscale agricultural expansion. In south-eastern Australia few natural grasslands remain, with most now being small, isolated and degraded. Conservation and restoration of grassland communities requires an understanding of the impacts of fragmentation on genetic and demographic processes. Swainsona sericea is a perennial grassland herb with conservation listing in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Reproductive output, progeny fitness and genetic diversity were assessed in nine S. sericea populations occupying fragmented grasslands across the southern tablelands of New South Wales. Unexpectedly, four chromosome classes were observed among the populations (2n = 4x = 32, 2n = 10x = 80, 2n = 14x = 112, 2n = 16x = 128), suggesting a more complex taxonomy than is currently recognised. There was no association between reproductive output and population size or ploidy level whereas population size influenced the number of alleles and percentage of polymorphic loci while ploidy influenced effective alleles and expected heterozygosity. Restricted maximum likelihood analyses of progeny growth indicated that ploidy had a significant influence on height, shoot weight, shoot to root ratio and days to germination. The cytological complexity in S. sericea requires clarification, including delineating the cytological boundaries to enable land managers to include this in their conservation and management plans.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Tablelands'

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