Journal articles: 'Southern Corroboree Frog'

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Osborne, WS, and JA Norman. "Conservation Genetics of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae) - Population Subdivision and Genetic-Divergence." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (1991): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910285.

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Reproductive compatibility and population genetic structure were examined in the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, a species restricted to montane and subalpine environments in south-eastern Australia. The species comprises three geographic populations, represented by two morphological forms. Hybridisation experiments showed that the allopatric populations are interfertile, although crosses between the Snowy Mountains population (southern form) and each of the two northern populations (northern form) resulted in a significantly higher number of tadpoles with growth abnormalities. An electrophoretic examination of metamorphlings indicated that there was considerable genetic divergence between the two forms, with several loci approaching fixation of alternate alleles. The Snowy Mountains population also had substantially reduced levels of genetic variation compared to the two northern populations. Although genetic distances generally correlate with geographic distance, the genetic differences between the northern and southern populations form a pronounced step, not explicable by geographic distance alone. These findings have taxonomic implications which should be taken into account when considering the conservation management of this uncommon species.

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Edwards, Casey L., Phillip G. Byrne, Peter Harlow, and Aimee J. Silla. "Dietary Carotenoid Supplementation Enhances the Cutaneous Bacterial Communities of the Critically Endangered Southern Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne corroboree)." Microbial Ecology 73, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0853-2.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Do dietary carotenoids improve the escape-response performance of southern corroboree frog larvae?" Behaviour 157, no. 12-13 (October 5, 2020): 987–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10036.

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Abstract Dietary antioxidants can improve escape-response performance in adult vertebrates, but whether juveniles receive similar benefits remains untested. Here, we investigated the effect of two dietary carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) on the escape-response of juvenile corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) at two developmental points (early and late larval development). We found that burst speed was lower during late larval development compared to early larval development, particularly in the low- and high-dose lutein treatments. These findings suggest that performance decreased over time, and was reduced by lutein consumption. At each developmental point we found no treatment effect on escape-response, providing no evidence for carotenoid benefits. A previous study in corroboree frogs demonstrated that carotenoids improved adult escape-response, so our findings suggest that benefits of carotenoids in this species may be life-stage dependent. Continued investigation into how carotenoids influence escape-response at different life-stages will provide insights into mechanistic links between nutrition and behaviour.

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Kosch, Tiffany A., John A. Eimes, Chelsea Didinger, Laura A. Brannelly, Bruce Waldman, Lee Berger, and Lee F. Skerratt. "Characterization of MHC class IA in the endangered southern corroboree frog." Immunogenetics 69, no. 3 (December 27, 2016): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-016-0965-3.

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Byrne, Phillip G., and Aimee J. Silla. "Hormonal induction of gamete release, and in-vitro fertilisation, in the critically endangered Southern Corroboree Frog, Pseudophryne corroboree." Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 8, no. 1 (2010): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-8-144.

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Osborne, WS, RA Zentelis, and M. Lau. "Geographical Variation in Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne Corroboree Moore (Anura: Myobatrachidae): a Reappraisal Supports Recognition of P-Pengilleyi Wells &Wellington." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 6 (1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960569.

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The extent of divergence in morphology and colour-pattern between allopatric populations of the corroboree frog, Pseudophyrne corroboree, was assessed over three breeding seasons by examination of eggs, tadpoles and adults throughout the distributional range of the species. Advertisement calls of individuals from each of the populations also were recorded and analysed. The mean size of adults was found to vary considerably between years; however, within any one year individuals from the Snowy Mountains (southern form) were significantly larger than individuals from the Brindabella Range and Fiery Range (northern form), with the differences apparently not simply related to environmental influences. Multivariate analysis of quantitative morphological characters and colour-pattern separated the frogs into two distinct geographic groups corresponding with the northern form and southern form. Analysis of advertisement calls indicated that there were slight differences in the structure of the calls of the two forms, with the main differences being in call duration and number of pulses. These results, combined with the previously described genetic differences, support their recognition as separate species. It is recommended that the name P. corroboree be restricted to the southern form and that the northern form be referred to as P. pengilleyi Wells & Wellington.

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Silla, Aimee J., Emma P. McInerney, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoid supplementation improves the escape performance of the southern corroboree frog." Animal Behaviour 112 (February 2016): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.012.

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Brannelly, Laura A., Lee Berger, Gerry Marrantelli, and Lee F. Skerratt. "Low humidity is a failed treatment option for chytridiomycosis in the critically endangered southern corroboree frog." Wildlife Research 42, no. 1 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14097.

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Context One of the major drivers of the current worldwide amphibian decline and extinction crisis is the spread of the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Captive assurance colonies may be the only lifeline for some species. Current antifungal chemotherapies can be effective for clearing infection but may have detrimental side effects. The only non-chemotherapeutic treatment that has been clinically tested is heat, which is impractical for cold-adapted species. The fungus does not survive desiccation, and therefore a plausible alternative non-chemotherapeutic treatment would be a low-humidity regimen. Aims We tested the efficacy of a low-humidity treatment regimen for treating Bd-infected animals of the critically endangered species Pseudophryne corroboree. This species has high tolerance of dry environments, and is thus an ideal candidate for this treatment trial. Methods Forty frogs were exposed to 1 × 106 zoospores. At three weeks after exposure access to water was reduced to once daily for 10 days for 20 animals. Ten of these animals were also rinsed daily with the aim of removing zoospores. Key results The drying regimen neither increased survival nor decreased infection load, and treatment may have hastened mortality. All infected frogs died between 21 and 80 days after exposure, except one untreated frog. Conclusions Our results suggest that a drying regimen is not a viable treatment for chytridiomycosis. Infection may decrease the host’s ability to cope with water stress. Implications The failed drying treatment in P. corroboree suggests that drying is not an appropriate treatment for chytridiomycosis and treatment efforts should be focussed on chemotherapies for cold-adapted species. P. corroboree is a critically endangered species for which chytridiomycosis is the primary cause of decline, yet few experiments have been carried out on this species with regards to chytridiomycosis. All experimental information about this species and disease will benefit the management and protection of the species.

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Hunter, David, Will Osborne, Michael Smith, and Keith McDougall. "Breeding habitat use and the future management of the critically endangered Southern Corroboree Frog." Ecological Management & Restoration 10 (May 2009): S103—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00461.x.

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Kelleher, Shannon R., Aimee J. Silla, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Body size predicts between-individual differences in exploration behaviour in the southern corroboree frog." Animal Behaviour 129 (July 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.05.013.

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Rojahn, Jack, Dianne Gleeson, and Elise M. Furlan. "Monitoring post-release survival of the northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, using environmental DNA." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17179.

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Context Translocations are becoming an increasingly important conservation tool to combat rising levels of species extinction. Unfortunately, many translocation efforts fail; yet, the timing and cause of failure often remain unknown. Monitoring individuals in the days and weeks following release can provide valuable information on their capacity to survive this initial hurdle. In Australia, breeding programs have been established for the endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, to enable reintroduction to the wild via captive-reared individuals, typically, early life stages such as eggs or juvenile frogs that cannot be monitored via traditional survey methods that target adult frogs (e.g. shout–response). Environmental DNA (eDNA) detects trace amounts of DNA that organisms release into their environment and could provide a means to infer population persistence for wildlife releases and translocations. Aims In the present study, we aim to develop an eDNA assay capable of detecting both sexes of P. pengilleyi across multiple life stages, and use it to monitor their survival. Methods An eDNA assay was developed to target the two corroboree frog species (P. pengilleyi and P. corroboree, the southern corroboree frog) and was tested for its sensitivity and specificity in silico and in vitro. Pseudophryne pengilleyi eggs were released into three naturally occurring ponds and water samples were, subsequently, collected from each pond on several occasions over a period of 78 days. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect P. pengilleyi eDNA from water samples. Key Results The developed assay was shown to be sensitive and specific to corroboree frogs. eDNA monitoring of reintroduced P. pengilleyi detected the species’ DNA at three of three release ponds and DNA remained detectable until at least 78 days post-release at two of three ponds. Conclusions We show how the development of a corroboree frog-specific assay allowed us to monitor the post-release survival of P. pengilleyi in naturally occurring pools. Implications eDNA surveys may provide a useful tool to monitor post-release survival of translocated populations in a non-invasive manner, with the potential to identify the timing and causes of failure. Such knowledge can be used to inform the management of translocated populations and future release strategies.

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Skerratt, Lee F., Lee Berger, Nick Clemann, Dave A. Hunter, Gerry Marantelli, David A. Newell, Annie Philips, et al. "Priorities for management of chytridiomycosis in Australia: saving frogs from extinction." Wildlife Research 43, no. 2 (2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15071.

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To protect Australian amphibian biodiversity, we have identified and prioritised frog species at an imminent risk of extinction from chytridiomycosis, and devised national management and research priorities for disease mitigation. Six Australian frogs have not been observed in the wild since the initial emergence of chytridiomycosis and may be extinct. Seven extant frog species were assessed as needing urgent conservation interventions because of (1) their small populations and/or ongoing declines throughout their ranges (southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree, New South Wales), northern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales), Baw Baw frog (Philoria frosti, Victoria), Litoria spenceri (spotted tree frog, Victoria, New South Wales), Kroombit tinkerfrog (Taudactylus pleione, Queensland), armoured mist frog (Litoria lorica, Queensland)) or (2) predicted severe decline associated with the spread of chytridiomycosis in the case of Tasmanian tree frog (Litoria burrowsae, Tasmania). For these species, the risk of extinction is high, but can be mitigated. They require increased survey effort to define their distributional limits and to monitor and detect further population changes, as well as well-resourced management strategies that include captive assurance populations. A further 22 frog species were considered at a moderate to lower risk of extinction from chytridiomycosis. Management actions that identify and create or maintain habitat refugia from chytridiomycosis and target other threatening processes such as habitat loss and degradation may be effective in promoting their recovery. Our assessments for some of these species remain uncertain and further taxonomical clarification is needed to determine their conservation importance. Management actions are currently being developed and trialled to mitigate the threat posed by chytridiomycosis. However, proven solutions to facilitate population recovery in the wild are lacking; hence, we prioritise research topics to achieve this aim. Importantly, the effectiveness of novel management solutions will likely differ among species due to variation in disease ecology, highlighting the need for species-specific research. We call for an independent management and research fund of AU$15 million over 5 years to be allocated to recovery actions as determined by a National Chytridiomycosis Working Group of amphibian managers and scientists. Procrastination on this issue will likely result in additional extinction of Australia’s amphibians in the near future.

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Byrne, Phillip G., and Aimee J. Silla. "Testing the effect of dietary carotenoids on larval survival, growth and development in the critically endangered southern corroboree frog." Zoo Biology 36, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21352.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "The influence of carotenoid supplementation at different life-stages on the foraging performance of the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree): A test of the Silver Spoon and Environmental Matching Hypotheses." Behavioural Processes 125 (April 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.008.

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Archer, Michael, Hayley Bates, Suzanne J. Hand, Trevor Evans, Linda Broome, Bronwyn McAllan, Fritz Geiser, et al. "The Burramys Project: a conservationist's reach should exceed history's grasp, or what is the fossil record for?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1788 (November 4, 2019): 20190221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0221.

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The fossil record provides important information about changes in species diversity, distribution, habitat and abundance through time. As we understand more about these changes, it becomes possible to envisage a wider range of options for translocations in a world where sustainability of habitats is under increasing threat. The Critically Endangered alpine/subalpine mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae), is threatened by global heating. Using conventional strategies, there would be no viable pathway for stopping this iconic marsupial from becoming extinct. The fossil record, however, has inspired an innovative strategy for saving this species. This lineage has been represented over 25 Myr by a series of species always inhabiting lowland, wet forest palaeocommunities. These fossil deposits have been found in what is now the Tirari Desert, South Australia (24 Ma), savannah woodlands of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland (approx. 24–15 Ma) and savannah grasslands of Hamilton, Victoria (approx. 4 Ma). This palaeoecological record has led to the proposal overviewed here to construct a lowland breeding facility with the goal of monitoring the outcome of introducing this possum back into the pre-Quaternary core habitat for the lineage. If this project succeeds, similar approaches could be considered for other climate-change-threatened Australian species such as the southern corroboree frog ( Pseudophryne corroboree ) and the western swamp tortoise ( Pseudemydura umbrina ). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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Kelleher, Shannon R., Aimee J. Silla, Petri T. Niemelä, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoids affect the development of individual differences and behavioral plasticity." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz074.

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AbstractNutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to play a key role in shaping an individual’s behavioral phenotype. The long term, irreversible effects of nutritional conditions on behavioral variation among and within individuals remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how long-term carotenoid availability (representing low vs. high quality nutritional conditions) during both larval and adult life stages influences the expression of among-individual variation (animal personality) and within-individual variation (behavioral plasticity). We tested for personality and plasticity along the exploration/avoidance behavioral axis in the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree). We predicted that treatment groups receiving carotenoids during early development would be more exploratory and have greater among- and within-individual variation compared with individuals that did not receive carotenoids (i.e., silver spoon hypothesis). Superior nutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to provide individuals with resources needed to develop costly behaviors, giving them an advantage later in life irrespective of prevailing conditions. Unexpectedly, frogs that did not receive carotenoids as larvae expressed greater among-individual variance in exploration behavior. Additionally, frogs that did not receive carotenoids at either life stage displayed greater within-individual variance. Our findings provide no support for the silver spoon hypothesis but suggest that inconsistent nutritional conditions between life stages may adversely affect the development of behavioral phenotypes. Overall, our results indicate that early and late life nutritional conditions affect the development of personality and plasticity. They also highlight that nutritional effects on behavior may be more complex than previously theorized.

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Umbers, Kate D. L., Aimee J. Silla, Joseph A. Bailey, Allison K. Shaw, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoids change the colour of Southern corroboree frogs." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 119, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12818.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Carotenoid supplementation affects the post-hibernation performance of southern corroboree frogs." Behaviour 157, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003584.

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Abstract Many animals hibernate to survive winter conditions, however, arousal from hibernation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants, like carotenoids, may reduce oxidative stress during arousal from hibernation, and assist with post-hibernation recovery and performance. We tested the effect of carotenoid supplementation on exercise performance (escape-response and activity) in southern corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) following initial arousal from hibernation (24–48 h post-arousal) and post-recovery (six weeks post-hibernation). Carotenoids did not affect performance following initial arousal. However, carotenoids improved escape-response six weeks post-hibernation, with carotenoid-supplemented frogs hopping faster and further in their first hop than unsupplemented frogs. Carotenoids also affected post-recovery activity, with carotenoid-supplemented frogs being less mobile than unsupplemented frogs. Carotenoids may affect post-hibernation performance by reducing oxidative stress or by increasing diet quality. Our study provides novel evidence for an effect of carotenoids on performance post-hibernation and highlights the importance of nutrition to hibernating organisms.

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McInerney, Emma P., Phillip G. Byrne, and Aimee J. Silla. "The effect of dietary antioxidants and exercise training on the escape performance of Southern Corroboree frogs." Behavioural Processes 144 (November 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2017.08.012.

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Monteiro, Thayana d'Alencar, and Freddy Ruben Bravo. "Diptera, Muscidae, Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder: Primeiro Registro para o Nordeste do Brasil." EntomoBrasilis 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2011): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v4i3.176.

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Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder, é um Muscidae com registros para a Colômbia e Brasil (regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste). Em um levantamento de dípteros saprófagos na cidade de Feira de Santana no estado da Bahia com iscas de origem orgânico animal em putrefação, foram coletados 46 espécimes de C. maculosa. Esse é o primeiro registro da espécie para a Bahia e Nordeste do Brasil. Apesar de C. maculosa ter sido encontrada em áreas urbanas e em material orgânico animal em putrefação sua antropização e importância forense não foram citadas na literatura especializada, sendo necessários mais estudos para corroborar essas condições. Diptera, Muscidae, Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder: First Record from Northeastern Brazil Abstract. Cariocamyia maculosa Snyder, is a muscid fly with records from Colombia and Brazil (Southern, Southeastern and Central-West regions). In a survey of Diptera saprophagous in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, with animal organic bait were collected 46 specimens of C. maculosa. This is the first record of the species to Bahia and Northeastern of Brazil. The forensic importance and the anthropized status of C. maculosa have not been detached in the specialized literature and new studies should be improved to corroborate these conditions.

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GRISMER, L. LEE, NGO VAN TRI, and JESSE L. GRISMER. "A new species of insular pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Vietnam." Zootaxa 1715, no. 1 (February 29, 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1715.1.4.

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We describe a new species of pitviper Cryptelytrops honsonensis sp. nov. from Hon Son Island in Rach Gia Bay, Kien Giang Province of southern Vietnam based on it having unique aspects of scalation, body proportions, and color pattern. It is similar to C. venustus in morphology and color pattern and the putative close relationship between these species would corroborate a biogeographical link across southern Indochina seen in a number of other taxa. The presence of this newly discovered insular endemic in Rach Gia Bay and other insular endemics of Rach Gia Bay addressed herein, underscores the understudied nature of these islands and the need for their continued conservation.

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Constantino Perez, Glauco, Marisa Coutinho Afonso, and Lúcio Tadeu Mota. "Métodos de análise espacial para sítios arqueológicos: um modelo preditivo para o Estado de São Paulo." Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 15, no. 30 (November 30, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v15i30.13746.

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Neste artigo, pretende-se apresentar um panorama dos métodos recentes de modelamento virtual para estimar a ocupação dos grupos ceramistas pela paisagem do estado de São Paulo. Para isso, utilizaram-se os métodos conhecidos como Método Kernel, Modelação IDW, Krigagem e Modelagem Simples Preditiva. Tais métodos podem corroborar a compreensão da dispersão dos grupos filiados às Tradições Itararé-Taquara e Tupiguarani nas paisagens oeste e sul paulista, permitindo a sua diferenciação não só a partir da caracterização cerâmica, mas também pelo seu posicionamento na paisagem. Ressalta-se, igualmente, a importância dos modelamentos preditivos virtuais para orientar os estudos futuros de arqueologia no estado de São Paulo. Abstract: In this article we intend to present an overview of the recent virtual modeling methods to estimate the occupation of ceramics groups in the landscape in the São Paulo state. For this we used the methods known as Kernel Method, IDW Modeling, Kriging and Simple Predictive Modeling. Such methods can corroborate to understand the dispersion of Itararé-Taquara and Tupiguarani Tradition in the western and southern regions in São Paulo, allowing their differentiation from, and not only, a ceramic characterization but also by their location in the landscape. We stress the importance of virtual predictive models to guide future archeological studies in the São Paulo state.

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SALLUM, MARIA ANICE MUREB, CECILIA L. S. DOS SANTOS, and RICHARD C. WILKERSON. "Studies on Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera: Culicidae)." Zootaxa 2299, no. 1 (November 27, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.1.

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The present findings suggest that Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus may comprise more than one species. The rDNA ITS2 sequence data corroborate the presence of An. homunculus l.s. in Mata Atlântica, southern Brazil, and suggest that specimens from Trinidad may belong to an unnamed morphologically similar species. There is a need for additional studies to establish the geographical distribution of An. homunculus l.s. in continental South America and in Trinidad, especially in southern Mata Atlântica, Brazil.

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Sadlok, Grzegorz. "Putative crayfish burrows from the Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation of southern Poland." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 298, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 235–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0946.

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The present paper provides the first description of natural casts of arthropod- made burrows recovered from the continental Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation in the southern Poland. Casts' general morphologies and nature of cast- forming sediments – all corroborate the conclusion that the casts are of open tubular burrows once communicated with the surface and subsequently passively infilled with sediments. Despite their fragmentary and ex situ preservation, some of the casts represent branched structures and horizontal components of the original burrows. The surficial morphology is smooth or displays features like: scrap marks, scratches, knobby textures, metameric body parts' impressions, nodes and elongated coiled imprints. Branching, horizontal components and most of the surficial features (excluding nodes and elongated coiled imprints) are assignable to activity of arthropods, possibly crayfish. One specimen displays features known from lungfish burrows. The observed smooth to sculptured variation of surface morphology is likely a function of substrate water saturation – burrowers lived in a phreatic and vadose zones of the groundwater profile and dug within softground and firmground substrates, respectively.

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Moretti-Pires, Rodrigo Otávio, Lucas Ide Guadagnin, Zeno Carlos Tesser-Júnior, Dalvan Antonio de Campos, and Bárbara Oliveira Turatti. "Preconceito contra Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero entre Estudantes de Medicina de 1º ao 8º Semestre de um Curso da Região Sul do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 43, no. 1 suppl 1 (2019): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20190076.

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RESUMO As disparidades no oferecimento de cuidado em saúde à população de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT) são evidentes e documentadas. O preconceito molda-se na naturalização de padrões instaurados e mantidos por diversas instituições, e a literatura corrobora com a existência de preconceito contra LGBT em escolas de medicina. A educação médica, historicamente consolidada em modelo biomédico-farmacêutico, concreto, positivista, hospitalocêntrico, com enfoque em um processo saúde-doença unicausal, representa um status conservador que se mantem rígido há um século. A despeito de programas e diretrizes nacionais e internacionais que orientam medidas inclusivas e de combate à discriminação, é verificada a presença de preconceito contra LGBT na prática médica e inclusive durante o processo educacional médico, notando-se atitudes preconceituosas entre os estudantes de medicina. Objetivo analisar o perfil de atitude e o preconceito contra diversidade sexual e de gênero entre estudantes de um curso de Medicina. Métodos foram empregados questionários autoaplicáveis a 391 estudantes de primeiro ao oitavo semestre de um curso de Medicina público da região sul do Brasil no ano de 2017. Resultados obteve-se uma taxa de resposta de 85,2% dos entrevistados. O nível de preconceito com base nas assertivas variou de 69% a 89%. Entre os respondentes, 74,9% concordaram que o sexo entre dois homens é errado, 83,9% consideraram homens gays nojentos, 83,9% acreditaram que a homossexualidade masculina é uma perversão, 80,9% afirmaram que o sexo entre duas mulheres é totalmente errado, 83,9% afirmaram que as meninas masculinas deveriam receber tratamento. Em relação à comparação da distribuição dos resultados quanto ao gênero declarado dos estudantes, observou-se que os estudantes autodeclarados masculinos foram mais preconceituosos que as estudantes autodeclaradas femininas. A distribuição de preconceito entre estudantes que se autodeclararam masculinos variou entre 81,5% a 94,4%, e entre as estudantes que se autodeclararam femininas, variou entre 57,3% e 76,4%. Os dados corroboraram para a importância de integrar a temática de saúde LGBT de forma obrigatória aos currículos e de construir mecanismos de apoio à estruturação pedagógica que auxiliem as aulas e/ou disciplinas a cumprirem seu papel.

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Demer, David A., and Juan P. Zwolinski. "Corroboration and refinement of a method for differentiating landings from two stocks of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 2 (September 7, 2013): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst135.

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Abstract Demer, D. A., and Zwolinski, J. P. 2014. Corroboration and refinement of a method for differentiating landings from two stocks of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 328–335. Efforts to survey, assess and manage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current may depend on accurate differentiation of the purported two migrating stocks. The southern stock spans seasonally from southern Baja California, México to Point Conception, California; the northern stock spans seasonally from Punta Eugenia, México northwards to southern Alaska. Their seasonal north–south migrations are approximately synchronous within their respective domains, resulting in segregated spawning and different identities. A decade ago, a practical method was proposed for differentiating landings from the two stocks using concomitant measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST). Here, we corroborate and refine the method using regional indices of optimal and good potential habitat for the northern stock, and SST-based indices associated with the 99.9 and 100% confidence intervals of the potential habitat. For months when the index is <0.5, (i.e. when the minority of a fishing region probably includes potential northern stock habitat), the landings are attributed to the southern stock, and vice versa. We applied this method to regional monthly landings data from 2006–2011 and the results indicated that an average of 63–72 and 32–36% of the summertime landings at Ensenada, México and San Pedro, southern California were probably from the southern stock, respectively, depending on the index used. Allocation error could be reduced if the landings were evaluated on finer spatio-temporal scales, particularly during habitat-transition periods. Our method may be used to improve estimates of northern stock biomass, spatial and length distributions, recruitment, and mortality.

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Keating, J. M. "Palynology of the Lachman Crags Member, Santa Marta Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of north-west James Ross Island." Antarctic Science 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000452.

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Palynomorph assemblages from the Lachman Crags Member of the Santa Marta Formation, north-west James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula are described. By basis of comparison with other Southern Hemisphere localities, particularly southern Australia, an early Santonian–early Campanian age is indicated. The results broadly corroborate previous stratigraphical interpretations based on macrofaunal evidence, although the presence of a significant thickness of Santonian strata, not previously recognized, is suggested. The dinoflagellate cyst floras allow the recognition of the local equivalents of the Australian Odontochitina porifera, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Nelsoniella aceras and Xenikoon australis Interval Zones. Some recycling of mid Cretaceous (and possibly Late Jurassic) taxa is also indicated. The miospore flora is composed of relatively long-ranging species, although the local appearance of certain taxa may be of stratigraphical significance. Ranges recorded support previous interpretations of heterochroneity in Southern Hemisphere floras. The palynoflora comprises 76 dinoflagellate cyst, 40 miospore and 7 acritarch, prasinophyte and chlorophyte taxa. Six undescribed species of dinoflagellate cyst are recorded and placed in open nomenclature.

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Ramirez-Flores, Omar, Alastair Birtles, Diana Pazmino, Kyall R. Zenger, and Lynne Van-Herwerden. "Dwarf minke whales from the South Pacific share a matrilineal lineage distinct from Balaenoptera acutorostrata acutorostrata and B. a. scammoni." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18015.

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Dwarf minke whales are regarded as an undescribed subspecies of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but appropriate conservation action requires taxonomic confirmation. The relationship of the Australian Great Barrier Reef (GBR) dwarf minke whale aggregation to other minke whales is unknown. This study aims to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of GBR dwarf minke whales, using partial mitochondrial DNA sequence data from 23 GBR dwarf minke whales, compared with other available minke whale sequences. GBR dwarf minke whales share haplotypes with other West South Pacific (WSP) dwarf minke whales. Satellite tagging studies corroborate these findings, indicating that GBR dwarf minke whales migrate south along the east Australian coast towards the Southern Ocean. Despite nuclear data not being available, GBR and WSP dwarf minke whales share a distinctive mitochondrial lineage compared with other common minke whales and should be managed independently of North Pacific and Atlantic Ocean common minke whale populations.

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OGRZEWALSKA, MARIA, DANILO G. SARAIVA, JONAS MORAES-FILHO, THIAGO F. MARTINS, FRANCISCO B. COSTA, ADRIANO PINTER, and MARCELO B. LABRUNA. "Epidemiology of Brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000546.

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SUMMARYThe tick-borne bacteriumRickettsia rickettsiiis the aetiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). The present study evaluated tick infestations on wild and domestic animals, and the rickettsial infection in these animals and their ticks in 7 forest areas adjacent to human communities in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The results were compared to ecological traits of each sampled area. Two main tick species,Amblyomma aureolatumandRhipicephalus sanguineus,were collected from dogs. The major ticks found on small mammals and birds wereIxodes loricatusandAmblyomma longirostre, respectively. Both anti-R. rickettsiiantibodies andR. rickettsii-infected ticks were detected on dogs from only 2 areas in the southern part of the SPMA, which were considered to be endemic for BSF; the remaining 5 areas were considered to be non-endemic. Ecologically, the BSF-endemic areas clearly differed from the non-endemic areas by the presence of significantly more degraded forest patches in the former. The present results corroborate historical observations that have indicated that all human cases of BSF in the SPMA were contracted in the southern part of this metropolitan area. However, not all forest patches in the southern part of the SPMA were shown to be associated with BSF endemism.

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Guignard, Adrienne, François Haguinet, Stéphanie Wéry, and Phirangkul Kerdpanich. "Prevalence and Persistence of Maternal Dengue Neutralizing Antibodies in Infants From Central and Southern Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, no. 4 (May 2019): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519853396.

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Understanding maternal dengue virus (DENV) neutralizing antibody kinetics in infants remains timely to develop a safe and effective childhood immunization. This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence and persistence of maternal antibody titers against DENV serotypes 1 to 4 in 139 Thai infants at 2, 6, and 7 months of age, using serum samples collected in a vaccination trial ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT00197275). Neutralizing antibodies against all 4 DENV serotypes were detected in 87.8% and 22.9% of infants at 2 and 7 months, respectively. At 2 months, DENV-4 neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers were notably lower (80) compared with DENV-1 to DENV-3 (277-471). Our results corroborate previous findings that DENV-1 to DENV-4 maternal antibodies persist at 7 months despite titers decrease from 2 months onwards. As persisting maternal antibodies may inhibit immune responses in DENV-vaccinated infants, a comprehensive understanding of DENV antibody kinetics is required in the perspective of vaccine development for infants.

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Fritsch, Peter W., Anja M. Schiller, and Keith W. Larson. "Taxonomic Implications of Morphological Variation in Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) from Mexico and Adjacent Parts of Texas." Systematic Botany 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409789271254.

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Taxonomic treatments recognize three varieties of Cercis canadensis: with variety canadensis, widespread throughout the eastern United States, and varieties texensis and mexicana, found east and west of the Pecos River in Texas, respectively. The distribution of Cercis continues southward into northeastern Mexico, but complex variation in leaf shape has confounded straightforward application of varietal names to the Mexican plants. To clarify the taxonomy of Cercis in Mexico, we conducted a morphometric analysis with 281 herbarium specimens, including a representative set of samples from Texas. Correlation and principal component analysis of 12 characters recovered two groups that correspond to the presence versus absence of branchlet pubescence. These groups are geographically distinct at the northern and southern extremes of the focus area but exhibit a large central region of overlap. No other discontinuities in character states were discovered to corroborate this division. Leaf shape varies continuously from ovate-acuminate at the northern and southern extremes to subreniform in the central region, suggesting clinal adaptation to the mesic versus xeric environments in which the plants occur. Based on our data, we apply the varietal epithets mexicana and, provisionally, texensis to Mexican C. canadensis with pubescent and glabrous branchlets, respectively, the latter based on geographic proximity to plants in Texas in the absence of definitive evidence on the phenotypic distinction between varieties canadensis and texensis.

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Yamazaki, Kaihe, Shigeru Aoki, Katsuro Katsumata, Daisuke Hirano, and Yoshihiro Nakayama. "Multidecadal poleward shift of the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current off East Antarctica." Science Advances 7, no. 24 (June 2021): eabf8755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8755.

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The southern boundary (SB) of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the southernmost extent of the upper overturning circulation, regulates the Antarctic thermal conditions. The SB’s behavior remains unconstrained because it does not have a clear surface signature. Revisited hydrographic data from off East Antarctica indicate full-depth warming from 1996 to 2019, concurrent with an extensive poleward shift of the SB subsurface isotherms (>50 km), which is most prominent at 120°E off the Sabrina Coast. The SB shift is attributable to enhanced upper overturning circulation and a depth-independent frontal shift, generally accounting for 30 and 70%, respectively. Thirty years of oceanographic data corroborate the overall and localized poleward shifts that are likely controlled by continental slope topography. Numerical experiments successfully reproduce this locality and demonstrate its sensitivity to mesoscale processes and wind forcing. The poleward SB shift under intensified westerlies potentially induces multidecadal warming of Antarctic shelf water.

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Yodthong, Siriporn, Bryan L. Stuart, and Anchalee Aowphol. "Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia." ZooKeys 883 (October 28, 2019): 119–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544.

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The taxonomy and geographic distributions of species of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) in mainland Southeast Asia have been highly uncertain. Three taxonomic names are used in recent literature (F. cancrivora, F. raja, and F. moodiei) but the applications of these names to localities has been inconsistent, especially owing to the lack of available molecular data for F. raja. Morphometric and mitochondrial DNA variation was examined in these frogs, including name-bearing types and topotypes of all three species. Findings corroborate evidence for the existence of two species in coastal mainland Southeast Asia, with F. moodiei having a wide geographic distribution and F. cancrivora sensu stricto occurring only in extreme southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. Fejervarya raja is shown to be only a large-bodied population of F. cancrivora sensu stricto and is synonymized with that species. Revised descriptions of F. moodiei and F. cancrivora sensu stricto are provided.

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Tena, Wondwosen, Endalkachew Wolde-Meskel, Tulu Degefu, and Fran Walley. "Genetic and phenotypic diversity of rhizobia nodulating chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) in soils from southern and central Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 8 (August 2017): 690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0776.

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Forty-two chickpea-nodulating rhizobia were isolated from soil samples collected from diverse agro-ecological locations of Ethiopia and were characterized on the basis of 76 phenotypic traits. Furthermore, 18 representative strains were selected and characterized using multilocus sequence analyses of core and symbiotic gene loci. Numerical analysis of the phenotypic characteristics grouped the 42 strains into 4 distinct clusters. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the 18 strains showed that they belong to the Mesorhizobium genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic tree constructed from the combined genes sequences (recA, atpD, glnII, and gyrB), the test strains were distributed into 4 genospecies (designated as genospecies I–IV). Genospecies I, II, and III could be classified with Mesorhizobium ciceri, Mesorhizobium abyssinicae, and Mesorhizobium shonense, respectively, while genospecies IV might represent an unnamed Mesorhizobium genospecies. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the symbiosis-related (nifH and nodA) genes supported a single cluster together with a previously described symbiont of chickpea (M. ciceri and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum). Overall, our results corroborate earlier findings that Ethiopian soils harbor phylogenetically diverse Mesorhizobium species, justifying further explorative studies. The observed differences in symbiotic effectiveness indicated the potential to select effective strains for use as inoculants and to improve the productivity of chickpea in the country.

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Keating, J. M., M. Spencer-Jones, and S. Newham. "The stratigraphical palynology of the Kotick Point and Whisky Bay formations, Gustav Group (Cretaceous), James Ross Island." Antarctic Science 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000440.

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Palynomorph assemblages are reported from the Kotick Point and Whisky Bay formations in west and north-west James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The microfloras, particularly the dinoflagellate cyst florules, indicate an Aptian to early/mid Albian age for the Kotick Point Formation and a mid Albian to Turonian age for the Whisky Bay Formation on the basis of comparison with records from other Southern Hemisphere localities. The ages adduced broadly corroborate those previously derived from macrofaunas. The dinoflagellate cyst floras are closely comparable with those previously reported from Australasia to the extent that recognition of certain microplankton zones is possible. The miospore flora is largely composed of long ranging taxa of limited age diagnostic value. The palynoflora comprises 77 dinoflagellate cyst, 52 miospore and 7 acritarch, chlorophyte and prasinophyte taxa.

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Seidemann, Ryan M., and Heather McKillop. "DENTAL INDICATORS OF DIET AND HEALTH FOR THE POSTCLASSIC COASTAL MAYA ON WILD CANE CAY, BELIZE." Ancient Mesoamerica 18, no. 2 (2007): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610700017x.

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AbstractDental indicators of health and subsistence for Postclassic Maya from the island site of Wild Cane Cay, off the coast of southern Belize, are examined. A total of 213 teeth were recovered from 26 individuals in Fighting Conch Mound. This survey documents dental wear, calculus, alveolar resorption, caries, and alveolar abscesses. This study excludes deciduous teeth. The total sample examined in this study contains 188 teeth from 19 adults. In general, the dental sample indicates a healthier diet than what the inland contemporaries of the Fighting Conch Mound individuals were consuming, as shown by lower rates of several pathologies. The dental data support the interpretation that the healthy diet of the Wild Cane Cay Maya was a function of their island setting in the Caribbean. Plant and animal remains generally corroborate the dental findings.

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Feijó, Fernando, Anaclaudia Fassa, and Neil Pearce. "O3E.6 Association between workplace bullying and common mental disorders in judiciary brazilian civil servants from southern brazil." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A31.3—A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.84.

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IntroductionBullying has been described as a risk factor for mental disorders, however there is a lack of evidence on this subject in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association between workplace bullying and common mental disorders in a sample of Judiciary Brazilian civil servants.MethodsCross-sectional study with a sample of 1667 workers from the Brazilian Federal Judiciary in southern Brazil. The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-r) was used to measure bullying at work and the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to evaluate Common Mental Disorders (CMD). Poisson regression was used to test associations of interest, controlling for confounders.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CMD was 33.5%. The prevalence of workplace bullying was 17.7%. In the crude analysis, exposure to bullying (at least one negative act in a weekly basis in the last six months) was associated with a 2.07-fold (CI 1.81–2.36, p<0.001) higher prevalence of CMD. After controlling for sociodemographic and occupational confounders, workers exposed to bullying presented a 1.51-fold (CI 1.31–1.73, p<0.001) higher prevalence of CMD.DiscussionJudiciary Brazilian civil servants may be at a high risk of being exposed to bullying and having common mental disorders. Our findings corroborate the results of studies from high-income countries, where bullying is considered an important occupational determinant of mental health. Prevention policies to eliminate bullying in organizations are urgent, what may help to decrease the prevalence of mental disorders among workers.

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Camargo, Juliana, Lycia Lima, Flavio Riva, and André Portela Souza. "Technical Education, Non-cognitive Skills and Labor Market Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Brazil." IZA Journal of Labor Economics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/izajole-2021-0002.

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Abstract This paper describes the results from an evaluation of a public policy that offers scholarships to current and former public high school students, so that they can attend technical and vocational education courses free of charge. We use a waiting list randomized controlled trial in four municipalities in a southern Brazilian State (Santa Catarina) to quantify the effects of the program on school progression, labor market outcomes and non-cognitive skills. Our intention-to-treat estimates reveal substantial gender heterogeneity two years after program completion. Women experienced large gains in labor market outcomes and non-cognitive skills. Employment rose by 21 percentage points (or approximately 33%) and the gains in earnings are of more than 50%. Also, women who received the offer scored 0.5σ higher on the synthetic index of non-cognitive skills and 0.69σ higher on an extraversion indicator. We find no effects on the male sub-sample. These findings corroborate the evidence on gender heterogeneity in the labor market effects of technical and vocational education programs. We also perform a series of exercises to explore potential channels through which these effects arise.

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Hammell, Gord. "Changes to the Population Status of Horned Grebes (Podiceps auritus) and Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) in Southwestern Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i4.2069.

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Continental trend data for North America suggest that Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) breeding populations are declining and Red-necked Grebe (P. grisegena) populations are increasing. However, data reliability is low due to lack of survey routes in the northern boreal and taiga ecozones, areas encompassing much of the breeding range of both species. Locally in the southern Manitoba prairie ecozone, reliability of long-term trend data is also considered low and these data suggest that Horned Grebe populations are declining faster than the continental trend and that Red-necked Grebe populations are increasing rapidly. The lack of current quantitative information on population densities of these two species in southern Manitoba prompted me to compare 1970s historical data from two sites to recent data collected at the same locations in 2008–2016. I surveyed 42 (1970–1972) and 38 (2008–2016), and 144 (2009–2015) Class III-V wetlands at Erickson and Minnedosa, Manitoba, respectively. Historical Minnedosa data were available from previous field studies. At both locations, Horned Grebe breeding populations have fallen significantly, and Red-necked Grebe populations have risen significantly since the 1970s. The results of this study corroborate the Breeding Bird Survey’s trend data for Horned and Red-necked Grebes in southwestern Manitoba pothole habitat.

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SUGUIO, KENITIRO, SONIA H. TATUMI, EMÍLIA A. KOWATA, CASIMIRO S. MUNITA, and ROSEMEIRE P. PAIVA. "Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Comprida Island (São Paulo State) dated by thermoluminescence method." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 75, no. 1 (March 2003): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652003000100010.

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The Cananéia (Upper Pleistocene) and the Comprida Island (Holocene) formations, outcropping in the Comprida island (SP) have been mapped using geomorphological and lithological criteria. Only one sample of the Cananéia Formation, collected in the homonymous island in front of the Comprida Island, was beyond the limit of the standard radiocarbon method. But since the publication of the geological map of the area in 1978, there has been some doubt on the real occurrence of Pleistocene deposits in southern extremity of Comprida Island. This paper deals with the results of thermoluminescence (TL) ages of eight samples from Comprida Island, which corroborate the Pleistocene age assumed during mapping surveys of these deposits. On the other hand, possible interpretations of the obtained ages, in relation to their depositional environments and related northern hemisphere Quaternary glaciations, are presented.

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Bellu, Renato R. "Can Venture Success Be Predicted?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4, no. 3 (August 2003): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101299537.

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This study addresses the cross-cultural utility of a model integrating behavioural and contextual variables interacting in a way likely to spawn firm success. A sample of 38 growth-oriented entrepreneurs from the Lazio region of central Italy has been tested by means of structured interviews based on two predictor measures (the Miner Sentence Completion Scale-T and the Differential Attribution Questionnaire) together with two performance measures (growth in sales and growth in profit over a three-year period) in an attempt to provide cross-cultural substantiation for a model employed in previous research. The findings of this study corroborate earlier findings and support, overall, the predictive feature of the model. The practical utility of this type of research in designing and implementing entrepreneurial development programmes in southern Italy is discussed.

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Bagaje*, Manguday Mercho. "EFL Trainee Teachers‟ Perceptions of SchoolBased Teaching Practice: Some Selected Teacher Education Colleges in Southern Ethiopia in Focus." International Journal of Management and Humanities 5, no. 8 (April 30, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.f1293.045821.

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The perception one holds towards language teaching practice governs the failure or success of teaching practice. To this end, this study aimed to assess EFL traineeteachers’ perceptions of teaching practices in four selected teacher education colleges of southern Ethiopia. To address the objectives, the study employed mixed method design. 120 EFL trainee-teachers were selected through comprehensive sampling. Questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion were data collection tools. Questionnaire was employed to examine the perceptions of EFL trainee-teachers towards school-based teaching practice. Interviews was carried out to triangulate data from questionnaire. Focus group discussion was employed to corroborate the data from questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was administered to all 120 EFL trainee teachers. Accordingly, the quantitative data were analysed using mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analysed descriptively. The finding from survey data revealed that EFL trainee teachers had positive perceptions towards school-based teaching practice. The findings from interview also supported the quantitative data result. The findings from the focus group discussion also supported the quantitative and qualitative results. Furthermore, the findings from Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there were no perceptions differences between male and female students due to gender.

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Schlegl, Lisa, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. "‘How do you get to Tim Hortons?’ Direction-giving in Ontario dialects." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.34.

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AbstractIn this study, we target the speech act of direction-giving using variationist sociolinguistic methods within a corpus of vernacular speech from six Ontario communities. Not only do we find social and geographical correlates to linguistic choices in direction-giving, but we also establish the influence of the physical layout of the community/place in question. Direction-giving in the urban center of Toronto (Southern Ontario) contrasts with five Northern Ontario communities. Northerners use more relative directions, while Torontonians use more cardinal directions, landmarks, and proper street names – for example, Go east on Bloor to the Manulife Centre. We also find that specific lexical choices (e.g., Take a right vs. Make a right) distinguish direction-givers in Northern Ontario from those in Toronto. These differences identify direction-giving as an ideal site for sociolinguistic and dialectological investigation and corroborate previous findings documenting regional variation in Canadian English.

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Mahe, Kélig, Clémence Oudard, Tiphaine Mille, James Keating, Patricia Gonçalves, Lotte Worsoe Clausen, Gróa Petursdottir, et al. "Identifying blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) stock structure in the Northeast Atlantic by otolith shape analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 9 (September 2016): 1363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0332.

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Information on stock identification and spatial stock structure provide a basis for understanding fish population dynamics and improving fisheries management. In this study, otolith shape analysis was used to study the stock structure of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the northeast Atlantic using 1693 samples from mature fish collected between 37°N and 75°N and 20°W and 25°E. The results indicated two stocks located north and south of ICES Divisions VIa and VIb (54°5N to 60°5N, 4°W to 11°W). The central area corresponds to the spawning area west of Scotland. Sampling year effects and misclassification in the linear discriminant analysis suggested exchanges between the northern and southern stocks. The results corroborate previous studies indicating a structuring of the blue whiting stock into two stocks, with some degree of mixing in the central overlap area.

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Manchester, Steven R., and Margaret E. Collinson. "Fruit morphology, anatomy and relationships of the type species of Mastixicarpum and Eomastixia (Cornales) from the late Eocene of Hordle, southern England." Acta Palaeobotanica 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2019-0006.

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Abstract The Mastixiaceae (Cornales) were more widespread and diverse in the Cenozoic than they are today. The fossil record includes fruits of both extant genera, Mastixia and Diplopanax, as well as several extinct genera. Two of the fossil genera, Eomastixia and Mastixicarpum, are prominent in the palaeobotanical literature, but concepts of their delimitation have varied with different authors. These genera, both based on species described 93 years ago by Marjorie Chandler from the late Eocene (Priabonian) Totland Bay Member of the Headon Hill Formation at Hordle, England, are nomenclaturally fundamental, because they were the first of a series of fossil mastixioid genera published from the European Cenozoic. In order to better understand the type species of Eomastixia and Mastixicarpum, we studied type specimens and topotypic material using x-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy to supplement traditional methods of analysis, to improve our understanding of the morphology and anatomy of these fossils. Following comparisons with other fossil and modern taxa, we retain Mastixicarpum crassum Chandler rather than transferring it to the similar extant genus Diplopanax, and we retain Eomastixia bilocularis Chandler [=Eomastixia rugosa (Zenker) Chandler] and corroborate earlier conclusions that this species represents an extinct genus that is more closely related to Mastixia than to Diplopanax.

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Zech, Roland. "A late pleistocene glacial chronology from the Kitschi-Kurumdu Valley, Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan), based on 10Be surface exposure dating." Quaternary Research 77, no. 2 (March 2012): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.008.

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Surface exposure dating has become a helpful tool for establishing numeric glacial chronologies, particularly in arid high-mountain regions where radiocarbon dating is challenging due to limited availability of organic material. This study presents 13 new 10Be surface exposure ages from the Kitschi-Kurumdu Valley in the At Bashi Range, Tien Shan. Three moraines were dated to ~ 15, 21 and > 56 ka, respectively, and corroborate previous findings that glacial extents in the Tien Shan during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 were limited compared to MIS 4. This likely documents increasingly arid conditions in Central Asia during the last glacial cycle. Morphological evidence in the Kitschi-Kurumdu Valley and a detailed review of existing numeric glacial chronologies from the Tien Shan indicate that remnants of the penultimate glaciation (MIS 6) are preserved, whereas evidence for MIS 5 glacier advances remains equivocal. Reviewed and recalculated exposure ages from the Pamir mountains, on the other hand, reveal extensive MIS 5 glacial extents that may indicate increased monsoonal precipitation. The preservation of MIS 3 moraines in the Tien Shan and the southern Pamir does not require any monsoonal influence and can be explained alternatively with increased precipitation via the westerlies.

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Alves, Alessandro Menna, Marcos Britto Correa, Karine Duarte da Silva, Lenita Maria Aver de Araújo, Ana Carolina Uchoa Vasconcelos, Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes, Adriana Etges, and Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquinio. "Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from a Service-Based Population." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 3 (June 2017): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601257.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of the oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) cases registered in a center of oral diagnosis in southern Brazil. Eight hundred and six individuals with OSCC from 1959 to 2012 were included in this study. The variables recorded were: sex, age, occupation according to workplace, alcohol and tobacco consumption, skin color, tumor location, histological type, clinical appearance, size, evolution time, presence of pain and lymph node metastasis. Descriptive analysis was performed and the associations between variables were assessed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, with a confidence level of 5%. OSSC was more common in males (76.6%) aged between 51 to 70 years (53.9%). The most frequent sites were lower lip vermilion (23.3%), tongue (20.2%) and gingiva/alveolar ridge (18.1%). There was a strong association between outdoor occupation and white skin color with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OSCC intraoral lesions were commonly more painful, larger than 2 cm and presented lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, most of the results confirm the data from literature about sex, age, tumor location and occupation. Moreover, the positive correlations between LSCC and occupation, between LSCC and white skin color, and between bigger lesions and presence of pain/cervical metastasis also corroborate the literature data.

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Elías, Rodolfo, María Andrea Saracho-Bottero, and Carol Anne Simon. "Protocirrineris (Polychaeta:Cirratulidae) in South Africa and description of two new species." Revista de Biología Tropical 67, S5 (September 10, 2019): S70—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67is5.38931.

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Introduction: The knowledge of polychaetes in the subtropical region of Africa benefited from the activity of J. Day. However, 50 years after the publication of his Monograph of the Polychaeta of southern Africa, it is necessary to reconsider the identity of the Cirratulidae due to changes in the diagnostic characters and new approaches to the taxonomy of the group to corroborate the status of cosmopolitan species in this region. Objective: We hypothesize that biodiversity of multitentacular Cirratulidae polychaetes has been significantly underestimated in southern Africa. Methods: The present work analyzes material deposited in the Iziko museum, as well as recently collected specimens, using scanning electron microscope to identify them. Results: The material corresponds to two new species belonging to the genus Protocirrineris. Protocirrineris strandloperarum sp. nov. is characterized by having the tentacular filaments between the chaetigers 5 to 10-12 and the first pair of branchiae from chaetiger 7, and P. magalhaesi sp. nov. is characterized by having tentacular filaments between chaetigers 4-8 and the first pair of branchiae from chaetigers 2 or 3. Descriptions of these species, with light and scanning electron microscope images, are given. Schematic drawings of the two new species are shown comparatively with diagnostic characters. Conclusions: The use of new techniques enables discovery of new taxonomic characters and two new species of the genus. The diversity of Cirratulidae polychaetes is underestimated also in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa.

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Salzmann, N., C. Huggel, M. Rohrer, W. Silverio, B. G. Mark, P. Burns, and C. Portocarrero. "Glacier changes and climate trends derived from multiple sources in the data scarce Cordillera Vilcanota region, southern Peruvian Andes." Cryosphere 7, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-103-2013.

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Abstract. The role of glaciers as temporal water reservoirs is particularly pronounced in the (outer) tropics because of the very distinct wet/dry seasons. Rapid glacier retreat caused by climatic changes is thus a major concern, and decision makers demand urgently for regional/local glacier evolution trends, ice mass estimates and runoff assessments. However, in remote mountain areas, spatial and temporal data coverage is typically very scarce and this is further complicated by a high spatial and temporal variability in regions with complex topography. Here, we present an approach on how to deal with these constraints. For the Cordillera Vilcanota (southern Peruvian Andes), which is the second largest glacierized cordillera in Peru (after the Cordillera Blanca) and also comprises the Quelccaya Ice Cap, we assimilate a comprehensive multi-decadal collection of available glacier and climate data from multiple sources (satellite images, meteorological station data and climate reanalysis), and analyze them for respective changes in glacier area and volume and related trends in air temperature, precipitation and in a more general manner for specific humidity. While we found only marginal glacier changes between 1962 and 1985, there has been a massive ice loss since 1985 (about 30% of area and about 45% of volume). These high numbers corroborate studies from other glacierized cordilleras in Peru. The climate data show overall a moderate increase in air temperature, mostly weak and not significant trends for precipitation sums and probably cannot in full explain the observed substantial ice loss. Therefore, the likely increase of specific humidity in the upper troposphere, where the glaciers are located, is further discussed and we conclude that it played a major role in the observed massive ice loss of the Cordillera Vilcanota over the past decades.

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RODRIGUES, A. C., H. A. GARCIA, J. S. BATISTA, A. H. H. MINERVINO, G. GÓES-CAVALCANTE, F. MAIA DA SILVA, R. C. FERREIRA, M. CAMPANER, F. PAIVA, and M. M. G. TEIXEIRA. "Characterization of spliced leader genes of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri: phylogeographical analysis of Brazilian isolates from cattle supports spatial clustering of genotypes and parity with ribosomal markers." Parasitology 137, no. 1 (September 21, 2009): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991053.

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SUMMARYTrypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri from cattle and trypanosomes of other artiodactyls form a clade of closely related species in analyses using ribosomal sequences. Analysis of polymorphic sequences of a larger number of trypanosomes from broader geographical origins is required to evaluate the clustering of isolates as suggested by previous studies. Here, we determined the sequences of the spliced leader (SL) genes of 21 isolates from cattle and 2 from water buffalo from distant regions of Brazil. Analysis of SL gene repeats revealed that the 5S rRNA gene is inserted within the intergenic region. Phylogeographical patterns inferred using SL sequences showed at least 5 major genotypes of T. theileri distributed in 2 strongly divergent lineages. Lineage TthI comprises genotypes IA and IB from buffalo and cattle, respectively, from the Southeast and Central regions, whereas genotype IC is restricted to cattle from the Southern region. Lineage TthII includes cattle genotypes IIA, which is restricted to the North and Northeast, and IIB, found in the Centre, West, North and Northeast. PCR-RFLP of SL genes revealed valuable markers for genotyping T. theileri. The results of this study emphasize the genetic complexity and corroborate the geographical structuring of T. theileri genotypes found in cattle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Corroboree Frog'

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