Relevant bibliographies by topics / Southern Climate

Academic literature on the topic 'Southern Climate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Leifert, Harvey. "Southern snowmelt." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 711 (October 11, 2007): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2007.59.

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Mantoura, Samia. "Southern Ocean saturated." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 707 (June 18, 2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2007.15.

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Blasi, Carlo, Leopoldo Michetti, Maria Antonietta Del Moro, Olivia Testa, and Lorenzo Teodonio. "Climate change and desertification vulnerability in Southern Italy." Phytocoenologia 37, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2007): 495–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2007/0037-0495.

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Maes, Patrick W., Amy S. Floyd, Brendon M. Mott, and Kirk E. Anderson. "Overwintering Honey Bee Colonies: Effect of Worker Age and Climate on the Hindgut Microbiota." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030224.

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Honey bee overwintering health is essential to meet the demands of spring pollination. Managed honey bee colonies are overwintered in a variety of climates, and increasing rates of winter colony loss have prompted investigations into overwintering management, including indoor climate controlled overwintering. Central to colony health, the worker hindgut gut microbiota has been largely ignored in this context. We sequenced the hindgut microbiota of overwintering workers from both a warm southern climate and controlled indoor cold climate. Congruently, we sampled a cohort of known chronological age to estimate worker longevity in southern climates, and assess age-associated changes in the core hindgut microbiota. We found that worker longevity over winter in southern climates was much lower than that recorded for northern climates. Workers showed decreased bacterial and fungal load with age, but the relative structure of the core hindgut microbiome remained stable. Compared to cold indoor wintering, collective microbiota changes in the southern outdoor climate suggest compromised host physiology. Fungal abundance increased by two orders of magnitude in southern climate hindguts and was positively correlated with non-core, likely opportunistic bacteria. Our results contribute to understanding overwintering honey bee biology and microbial ecology and provide insight into overwintering strategies.
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Koeniger, A. Cash. "Climate and Southern Distinctiveness." Journal of Southern History 54, no. 1 (February 1988): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2208519.

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DUBE, L. T. "CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 84, no. 1 (March 2002): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2002.9713763.

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Pittock, A. B., and M. J. Salinger. "Southern Hemisphere climate scenarios." Climatic Change 18, no. 2-3 (April 1991): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138998.

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Mason, Simon J. "El Niño, climate change, and Southern African climate." Environmetrics 12, no. 4 (June 2001): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.476.

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Jury, Mark R. "Climate trends in southern Africa." South African Journal of Science 109, no. 1/2 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/980.

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Hanna, Edward, and John Cappelen. "Recent climate of southern Greenland." Weather 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/00431650260283497.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Tirivarombo, Sithabile. "Climate variability and climate change in water resources management of the Zambezi River basin." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002955.

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Water is recognised as a key driver for social and economic development in the Zambezi basin. The basin is riparian to eight southern African countries and the transboundary nature of the basin’s water resources can be viewed as an agent of cooperation between the basin countries. It is possible, however, that the same water resource can lead to conflicts between water users. The southern African Water Vision for ‘equitable and sustainable utilisation of water for social, environmental justice and economic benefits for the present and future generations’ calls for an integrated and efficient management of water resources within the basin. Ensuring water and food security in the Zambezi basin is, however, faced with challenges due to high variability in climate and the available water resources. Water resources are under continuous threat from pollution, increased population growth, development and urbanisation as well as global climate change. These factors increase the demand for freshwater resources and have resulted in water being one of the major driving forces for development. The basin is also vulnerable due to lack of adequate financial resources and appropriate water resources infrastructure to enable viable, equitable and sustainable distribution of the water resources. This is in addition to the fact that the basin’s economic mainstay and social well-being are largely dependent on rainfed agriculture. There is also competition among the different water users and this has the potential to generate conflicts, which further hinder the development of water resources in the basin. This thesis has focused on the Zambezi River basin emphasising climate variability and climate change. It is now considered common knowledge that the global climate is changing and that many of the impacts will be felt through water resources. If these predictions are correct then the Zambezi basin is most likely to suffer under such impacts since its economic mainstay is largely determined by the availability of rainfall. It is the belief of this study that in order to ascertain the impacts of climate change, there should be a basis against which this change is evaluated. If we do not know the historical patterns of variability it may be difficult to predict changes in the future climate and in the hydrological resources and it will certainly be difficult to develop appropriate management strategies. Reliable quantitative estimates of water availability are a prerequisite for successful water resource plans. However, such initiatives have been hindered by paucity in data especially in a basin where gauging networks are inadequate and some of them have deteriorated. This is further compounded by shortages in resources, both human and financial, to ensure adequate monitoring. To address the data problems, this study largely relied on global data sets and the CRU TS2.1 rainfall grids were used for a large part of this study. The study starts by assessing the historical variability of rainfall and streamflow in the Zambezi basin and the results are used to inform the prediction of change in the future. Various methods of assessing historical trends were employed and regional drought indices were generated and evaluated against the historical rainfall trends. The study clearly demonstrates that the basin has a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in rainfall and streamflow at inter-annual and multi-decadal scales. The Standardised Precipitation Index, a rainfall based drought index, is used to assess historical drought events in the basin and it is shown that most of the droughts that have occurred were influenced by climatic and hydrological variability. It is concluded, through the evaluation of agricultural maize yields, that the basin’s food security is mostly constrained by the availability of rainfall. Comparing the viability of using a rainfall based index to a soil moisture based index as an agricultural drought indicator, this study concluded that a soil moisture based index is a better indicator since all of the water balance components are considered in the generation of the index. This index presents the actual amount of water available for the plant unlike purely rainfall based indices, that do not account for other components of the water budget that cause water losses. A number of challenges were, however, faced in assessing the variability and historical drought conditions, mainly due to the fact that most parts of the Zambezi basin are ungauged and available data are sparse, short and not continuous (with missing gaps). Hydrological modelling is frequently used to bridge the data gap and to facilitate the quantification of a basin’s hydrology for both gauged and ungauged catchments. The trend has been to use various methods of regionalisation to transfer information from gauged basins, or from basins with adequate physical basin data, to ungauged basins. All this is done to ensure that water resources are accounted for and that the future can be well planned. A number of approaches leading to the evaluation of the basin’s hydrological response to future climate change scenarios are taken. The Pitman rainfall-runoff model has enjoyed wide use as a water resources estimation tool in southern Africa. The model has been calibrated for the Zambezi basin but it should be acknowledged that any hydrological modelling process is characterised by many uncertainties arising from limitations in input data and inherent model structural uncertainty. The calibration process is thus carried out in a manner that embraces some of the uncertainties. Initial ranges of parameter values (maximum and minimum) that incorporate the possible parameter uncertainties are assigned in relation to physical basin properties. These parameter sets are used as input to the uncertainty version of the model to generate behavioural parameter space which is then further modified through manual calibration. The use of parameter ranges initially guided by the basin physical properties generates streamflows that adequately represent the historically observed amounts. This study concludes that the uncertainty framework and the Pitman model perform quite well in the Zambezi basin. Based on assumptions of an intensifying hydrological cycle, climate changes are frequently expected to result in negative impacts on water resources. However, it is important that basin scale assessments are undertaken so that appropriate future management strategies can be developed. To assess the likely changes in the Zambezi basin, the calibrated Pitman model was forced with downscaled and bias corrected GCM data. Three GCMs were used for this study, namely; ECHAM, GFDL and IPSL. The general observation made in this study is that the near future (2046-2065) conditions of the Zambezi basin are expected to remain within the ranges of historically observed variability. The differences between the predictions for the three GCMs are an indication of the uncertainties in the future and it has not been possible to make any firm conclusions about directions of change. It is therefore recommended that future water resources management strategies account for historical patterns of variability, but also for increased uncertainty. Any management strategies that are able to satisfactorily deal with the large variability that is evident from the historical data should be robust enough to account for the near future patterns of water availability predicted by this study. However, the uncertainties in these predictions suggest that improved monitoring systems are required to provide additional data against which future model outputs can be assessed.
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Weidemann, Stephanie Suzanne. "Glacier response to climate variability and climate change across the Southern Andes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22954.

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Die Gletscherschmelze in den südlichen Anden trägt maßgeblich zum Anstieg des Meeresspiegels der letzten Jahrzehnte bei und beeinflusst regional die saisonale Wasserverfügbarkeit. In jüngster Zeit wurde eine rapide Zunahme der Massenverluste insbesondere einzelner großer Auslassgletscher des Südlichen Patagonisches Eisfeldes beobachtet. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurden die rezente Variabilität des Klimas und der klimatischen Massenbilanz für ausgewählte vergletscherte Gebiete in Patagonien und Feuerland untersucht. Die Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses über räumliche und zeitliche Muster der klimatischen Massenbilanz, ihrer atmosphärischen Antriebsfaktoren und ihres Einflusses auf das in jüngster Vergangenheit beobachtete individuelle Gletscherverhalten, sind weitere wichtige Ziele. Da die Klimavariabilität die Hauptursache für lokale Veränderungen in der Kryosphäre der südlichen Anden ist, wurden langjährige meteorologische Beobachtungen im Gebiet der Gran Campo Nevado-Eiskappe im südlichsten Patagonien im Hinblick auf räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität untersucht und der Einfluss mesoskaliger Wettermuster und Modi atmosphärischer Oszillationen auf die Ausprägung des Klimas analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurde die rezente Variabilität der klimatischen Massenbilanz für ausgewählte Gletscher in Südpatagonien und Feuerland durch die Implementierung des Energie- und Massenbilanzmodells COSIMA simuliert. Eine unterschiedliche Ausprägung der Oberflächenmassenbilanz und geodätischer Massenbilanz unterstreicht wie wichtig ein besseres Verständnis über die Prozesse der klimatischen Massenbilanz und Eisdynamik ist. Des Weiteren wurden Simulationen der klimatischen Massenbilanz eingesetzt, um eine ausgeglichene Massenbilanz für rezente und vergangene Ausdehnungen des Gletschers Schiaparelli abzuleiten. Ziel war es, eine modellgestützte Annäherung an die klimatischen Bedingungen während der Kleinen Eiszeit zu simulieren.
Glacier mass loss of the Southern Andes contributes largely to sea-level rise during recent decades and also affects the regional water availability. Despite the overall glacier retreat of most glaciers in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, a recent increase in mass loss of individual glaciers has been observed. The recent variability of climate and climatic mass balance for selected glaciated study sites in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are investigated in this thesis. Improving our understanding on the spatial and temporal variations of climatic mass balance processes, its atmospheric drivers, and their impact on the recently observed individual glacier behavior are further important aims. Since climate variability is the key driver of local changes in the cryosphere in the Southern Andes, a unique record of meteorological observations across the Gran Campo Nevado Ice Cap in Southernmost Patagonia was analyzed with regard to main climate features and the relationship between the in-situ observations, large-scale climate modes and mesoscale weather patterns. Furthermore, recent climatic mass balance variability was simulated for selected glaciers in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego by implementing the ’COupled Snow and Ice energy and MAss balance model’ COSIMA. Contrasting patterns of positive simulated annual climatic mass balance and clearly negative geodetic mass balance were found for two neighboring glaciers of the Southern Patagonia Icefield between 2000 and 2014. This highlights the importance of understanding of both, the climatic mass balance, and the ice-dynamical processes. Climatic mass balance simulations were further used to derive glacier steady-state conditions for recent and past glacier extents of Schiaparelli Glacier, aiming for a model-based approximation of climate conditions during the Little Ice Age.
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Chevalier, Manuel. "Quantified Reconstructions of late Quaternary southern African Climate Change." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS281.

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Southern African drylands are not suited for the application of climate reconstruction methods based on surface samples. Methods based on the co-existence approach, while still in their early days, are really promising, particularly those using probability density functions (pdfs) that have proven particularly valuable in certain cases as they can be applied to a wide range of plants assemblages. Most commonly applied to fossil pollen data, their performance can be limited by the taxonomic resolution of the pollen data, as many species may belong to a given pollen-type. Consequently, climate information associated with a taxon cannot always be precisely identified, resulting in less accurate reconstructions. This can become particularly problematic in regions of high biodiversity, such as southern African botanical hotspots. The first part of this PhD thesis presents the development of a novel pdf-based climate reconstruction method adapted to the southern African context. The method, which comes along with a dedicated software pack- age entitled CREST, sorts out this diversity issue by taking into account the different climatic requirements of each species constituting the broader pollen-type: pdfs are fitted in two successive steps, with parametric univariate pdfs fitted first for each species (pdfsp) followed by a combination of those individual species pdfs into a broader single pdf to represent the pollen-type as a unit (pdfpol). The curve resulting from the multiplication of the pdfpol describes the likelihood of different climate parameters based on the co-existence of a given set of taxa, each being weighted according to its normalized pollen percentage. Three majors properties were derived from this continental-scale statistical analysis: 1) the method saturates when the number of species composing a pollen type becomes larger than 30-40 species, 2) the per- formance decreases with distance to the core of the climatic space and 3) climate variables that have a direct impact of plant life cycles are better reconstructed.We revisited 13 pollen sequences (selection based on their length, continuity, chronology and pollen diversity) from southern African literature with the CREST method. To offset the limited individual potential of those sequences, we developed a Monte-Carlo framework to create interpolated curves integrating uncertainties associated with the reconstructions and age-depth models and then stack those curves together to extract regionally consistent patterns. This reanalysis allows for the quantified reconstruction of a range of distinct climatic variables from this critical region, and provides significant insight into the nature of long-term climate change. Temperature reconstructions show strong coherency among all sites considered, and parallel southwest Indian Ocean SSTs. Reconstructions of the amount of summer precipitation since mid-MIS 3 (Marine Isotope Stage 3) 45,000 years ago indicate a dichotomy in the precipitation pattern between interior and northeastern South African sites. At the glacial-interglacial timescale, precipitation in northeastern sites shows strong similarities with the Indian Ocean SST records as well as with records from the large East African lakes. Entering the Holocene, precessional forcing becomes more important and a north/south rainfall dipole appears, with a demarcation line located somewhere between Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi (3-9°S). Sites from the interior, while clearly following a similar dynamic, also appear to be sensitive to additional factors, including the position of the southern Westerlies, which may interact with tropical systems to create tropical-temperate troughs. Our results shed light on the complexity of the mechanisms driving South African rainfall, and clarify several key elements of the current debate, including limitations of models relying on direct insolation forcing to explain long-term climate dynamics
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Weidemann, Stephanie Suzanne [Verfasser]. "Glacier response to climate variability and climate change across the Southern Andes / Stephanie Suzanne Weidemann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236570367/34.

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Pinto, Izidine S. de Sousa. "Future changes in extreme rainfall events and circulation patterns over southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16781.

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Changes in precipitation extremes are projected by many global climate models as a response to greenhouse gas increases, and such changes will have significant environmental and social impacts. These impacts are a function of exposure and vulnerability. Hence there is critical need to understand the nature of weather and climate extremes. Results from an ensemble of regional climate models from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project are used to investigate projected changes in extreme precipitation characteristics over southern Africa for the middle (2036-2065) and late century (2069-2098) under the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and 8.5 (RCP8.5). Two approaches are followed to identify and analyze extreme precipitation events. First, indices for extreme events, which capture moderate extreme events, are calculated on the basis of model data and are compared with indices from two observational gridded datasets at annual basis. The second approach is based on extreme value theory. Here, the Generalized Extreme Value distribution (GEV) is fitted to annual maxima precipitation by a L-moments method. The 20-year return values are analyzed for present and future climate conditions. The physical drivers of the projected change are evaluated by examining the models ability to simulate circulation patterns over the regions with the aid of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM).
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Lawal, Kamoru Abiodun. "Understanding the variability and predictability of seasonal climates over West and Southern Africa using climate models." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16556.

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A good understanding of seasonal climate and the limit to which it can be predicted is crucial in addressing various socio-economic challenges in Africa. However, how to improve the capability of the dynamical models of the climate system in reproducing the regional seasonal climate variability and in replicating the role of various atmospheric circulation anomalies on the regional variability remains a major challenge. Thus far, understanding of seasonal climate over these regions, as well as the ability of climate models to predict them, has focused on the agreement of simulations of dynamical models of the climate system, rather than considering outliers as potentially vital contributors to understanding and predictability. This thesis uses discrepancy in a large ensemble of climate simulations as a tool to investigate variability in dominant seasonal rainfall and temperature patterns (i.e. classes) over West and Southern Africa, to examine the capability of climate models in reproducing the variability, and to study the predictability of the seasonal climates over South Africa. The dominant classes of variability (of rainfall and maximum temperature fields) in both regions are examined based on the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) classifications. The sequences in which each class occurs cannot be linked simply to a single common index of global scale atmospheric circulation anomalies, implying that the chaotic regional atmospheric circulations that modulate the global scale modes of variability are indispensable. The climate model examined adequately reproduces the dominant classes of seasonal climate over West and Southern Africa.
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O'Brien, Eileen M. "Climate and woody plant species richness : analyses based upon southern Africa's native flora with extrapolations to subsaharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670313.

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Ferrett, Samantha Joanne. "El Nino Southern Oscillation stability under global warming." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19362.

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Typically, multi-model ensemble studies show mixed responses of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under global warming, so it is currently unknown how, or even if, global warming will impact ENSO and its teleconnections. ENSO is governed by various ocean-atmosphere interactions in the equatorial Pacific, which provide either positive amplifying or negative damping feedbacks and are not always accurate in models. This results in uncertainty in projected ENSO responses. In a flux adjusted HadCM3 perturbed physics ensemble, the Bjerknes' stability index (BJ index), a measure of ENSO stability, has been used to analyse the strength of ENSO feedbacks and their response under the SRES A1B warming scenario with respect to mean climate conditions. Despite mean sea surface temperature biases being minimised by flux adjustment, the important dominant feedbacks, namely the latent heat flux feedback, shortwave flux feedback, the thermocline feedback and the zonal advective feedback are found to be too weak in the ensemble. Common model biases cause weak ocean-atmosphere interactions such as a weak response of ocean currents to wind stress anomalies, a weak thermocline slope response to wind stress anomalies and weak thermodynamic dampings. These biases are linked to overly strong zonal surface ocean currents and convective response biases. Under global warming, a large increase in thermodynamic damping, caused by increasing shortwave damping, is found. This increase is linked to a strong convective response and overrides other feedback responses, resulting in a weakening BJ index in contrast to increasing ENSO amplitude. Positive feedback responses are also found but counteract each other, so have relatively little impact on total ENSO stability. Results here show that common model biases, such as the cold tongue bias, are linked to persistent ENSO feedback biases pointing to areas of improvement in future models. Results also suggest that caution must be exercised when using the BJ index to assess ENSO, as the BJ index is not always representative of ENSO amplitude. This may be caused by non-linearities in ENSO feedbacks which are not accounted for by the linear approximations used in the BJ index, or by ENSO feedbacks not being directly comparable in magnitude, as assumed by the BJ index calculation.
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Brandt, Richard Raymond. "The North American Monsoon System in Southern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195113.

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The North American Monsoon System (NAMS) is a dominant factor in climate in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Despite the influence of the NAMS and the intense research efforts it receives, its predictability, its variability, and the details of its influence on the environment are not well understood. This dissertation is comprised of three papers, which collectively address these three aspects of this complex climate phenomenon through an examination of various data and analyses at multiple spatial and temporal scales, while focusing on impacts in southern Arizona. In the first paper, a modified definition of the NAMS is established to delineate dates for monsoon onset, bursts, breaks, and retreat. The results are applied to an atmospheric compositing study in the second paper and to an applied study of monsoon-wildland fire relationships in the third paper. In the second paper, geopotential height patterns that affect moisture advection are identified. Onset, retreat, and break timing and duration are impacted by shifts in the latitude of the mid-level anticyclone and by lower-level gradients and contour orientation. Analyses in the third paper reveal the some of the complex effects of monsoon onset, variations in break timing and duration, and monsoon retreat on fire occurrence. This research contributes to the current knowledge of the NAMS in general and to the specific regional impacts of the monsoon. The results can (1) improve meteorological forecasts through the recognition of synoptic and sub-synoptic patterns related to the NAMS and (2) help fire managers by expanding the current understanding of the regional controls of wildland fire.
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Kay, Gillian. "Mechanisms of southern African rainfall variability in coupled climate models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496573.

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Books on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Tyson, P. D. Climatic change and variability in southern Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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A, Preston-Whyte R., and Preston-Whyte R. A, eds. The weather and climate of southern Africa. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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University of Waterloo. Dept. of Geography., ed. Weather and climate in southern Ontario. Waterloo, Ont: Dept. of Geography, University of Waterloo, 2004.

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Sanderson, Marie. Weather and climate in southern Ontario. Waterloo, Ont: Dept. of Geography, University of Waterloo, 2004.

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Climatic change and variability in southern Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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Climate change & trade: The challenges for Southern Africa. Auckland Park, South Africa: Fanele, 2010.

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Khare, Neloy. Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203742.

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Macchi, Silvia, and Maurizio Tiepolo, eds. Climate Change Vulnerability in Southern African Cities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00672-7.

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Louis, Verchot, and Mackensen Jens, eds. Climate change and variability in southern Africa: Impacts and adaptation in the agricultural sector. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre, 2006.

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Southern California Climate Symposium (1991 Los Angeles, Calif.). Proceedings of the Southern California Climate Symposium: Trends and extremes of the past 2000 years. Los Angeles, Calif: The Museum, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Meehl, Gerald A. "Climate Modeling." In Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, 365–410. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-10-2_13.

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Saarinen, Jarkko, Jennifer Fitchett, and Gijsbert Hoogendoorn. "Climate and climate change of southern Africa." In Climate Change and Tourism in Southern Africa, 12–30. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003102618-2.

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Pegion, Kathy V., and Christopher Selman. "Extratropical Precursors of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation." In Climate Extremes, 299–314. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119068020.ch18.

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Allanson, B. R., R. C. Hart, J. H. O’Keeffe, and R. D. Robarts. "The climate." In Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, 21–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_3.

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Yu, Jin-Yi, Xin Wang, Song Yang, Houk Paek, and Mengyan Chen. "The Changing El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Associated Climate Extremes." In Climate Extremes, 1–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119068020.ch1.

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Pant, Vimlesh, Devendraa Siingh, and A. K. Kamra. "Antarctic Aerosols and Climate." In Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions, 77–113. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203742-4.

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Deushi, Makoto. "Climate Impacts: Impacts of Ozone on Southern Hemisphere Climate." In Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change, 1–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_33-1.

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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2433–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_257.

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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_257-1.

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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Capotondi, Antonietta. "El Niño–Southern Oscillation ocean dynamics: Simulation by coupled general circulation models." In Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary?, 105–22. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000796.

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Conference papers on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Young, Ian R. "The Wave Climate of the Southern Ocean." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95168.

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Abstract An analysis of the wind and wave climate of the Southern Ocean is provided based on a combination of more than 30-years of satellite altimeter data plus insitu buoy measurements at 5 locations in the Southern Ocean. The analysis shows that the Southern Ocean is a unique environment where there are strong winds year-round which blow over exceptionally long distances. This unique situation results in spectral forms which are not seen in any other oceanic basin.
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Sallee, Jean baptiste. "Southern Ocean dynamic, circulation, and role on climate." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12208.

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Mills, Brian, Susan Tighe, Jean Andrey, Ken Huen, and Suzanne Parm. "Climate Change and the Performance of Pavement Infrastructure in Southern Canada: Context and Case Study." In 2006 IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eicccc.2006.277185.

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Poulsen, Christopher J., Jiang Zhu, and Andrew Vande Guchte. "PROGRESS TOWARD SIMULATION OF WARM SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE HIGH-LATITUDE CLIMATE DURING PAST WARM CLIMATES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322337.

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Grelowska, Grazyna, and Eugeniusz Kozaczka. "The study of acoustic climate of the Southern Baltic." In 22nd International Congress on Acoustics: Acoustics for the 21st Century. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000342.

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Liuzzo, L., and G. Freni. "DDF-curves updating in climate change scenarios for Southern Italy." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938954.

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"Changes in water footprint of beef cattle production in Southern Great Plains under changing climate." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152143025.

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Chowdhury, Piyali, and Manasa Ranjan Behera. "Impact of Climate Modes on Shoreline Evolution: Southwest Coast of India." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61354.

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Coastal geomorphology is a complex phenomenon which is governed by nearshore wave and tidal climate. Change in climate indices (like sea surface temperature, sea level, intensified cyclone activity, among others) and climate modes (like El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)) affect the wave climate and modify many coastal processes thereby altering the geomorphology of shorelines. In countries like India where tropical and sub-tropical cyclones are common, the coastal geomorphology is under constant threat. Coasts are also vulnerable to anthropogenic factors like offshore structures, harbours, wave farms and other constructional activities along the shoreline. It is thus necessary to understand the evolution of coastlines under the changing climate scenario. The rapidly growing socio-economic development in south-west coast of India has generated the need to investigate the longshore sediment transport (LST) regime in this region under the influence of variable climate factors like the wave characteristics. The presence of numerous river deltas, estuaries and mud banks makes the situation worse especially during the south-west monsoon season (June-September). The investigation on the contemporary evolution of this coastline has not been undertaken and the knowledge of the climate factors that influence the shorelines of the southern tip of India are unknown. This study attempts to understand the temporal dynamics of the longshore sediment transport in this region.
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Elampari, K., T. Chitambarathanu, and R. Krishnasharma. "Surface ozone variability in the southern most semi-urban area, Nagercoil, India." In 2010 Recent Advances in Space Technology Services and Climate Change (RSTSCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rstscc.2010.5712796.

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"Simulating climate change impacts on crop water use, surface runoff, and subsurface drainage in southern Quebec, Canada." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152144275.

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Reports on the topic "Southern Climate"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Southern African agriculture and climate change A comprehensive analysis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292086.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, May 2007. Test accounts, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/915033.

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Holdridge, D. J., L. Roeder, and PNNL. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, June 2007. Test accounts, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/915034.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, March 2004. Test accounts, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834698.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, April 2004. Test accounts, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834699.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, May 2004. Test accounts, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834700.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, June 2004. Test accounts, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834701.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, July 2004. Test accounts, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834702.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, August 2004. Test accounts, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834703.

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Holdridge, D. J. ARM Climate Research Facility Southern Great Plains newsletter, September 2004. Test accounts, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834704.

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