Journal articles: 'Southeastern Prevention'

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WARNER, LEE, ROGER W. ROCHAT, RONALD R. FICHTNER, BARBARA J. STOLL, LAWRENCE NATHAN, and KATHLEEN E. TOOMEY. "Missed Opportunities for Congenital Syphilis Prevention in an Urban Southeastern Hospital." Sex Transm Dis 28, no. 2 (February 2001): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200102000-00006.

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Basseri, H. R., A. Raeisi, K. Holakouie, and K. Shanadeh. "Malaria prevention among afghan refugees in a malarious area, southeastern Iran." Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique 103, no. 5 (June 5, 2010): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13149-010-0050-3.

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Olatinwo, Rabiu O., Stephen W. Fraedrich, and Albert E. Mayfield. "Laurel Wilt: Current and Potential Impacts and Possibilities for Prevention and Management." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020181.

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In recent years, outbreaks of nonnative invasive insects and pathogens have caused significant levels of tree mortality and disturbance in various forest ecosystems throughout the United States. Laurel wilt, caused by the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola (T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva) and the primary vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), is a nonnative pest-disease complex first reported in the southeastern United States in 2002. Since then, it has spread across eleven southeastern states to date, killing hundreds of millions of trees in the plant family Lauraceae. Here, we examine the impacts of laurel wilt on selected vulnerable Lauraceae in the United States and discuss management methods for limiting geographic expansion and reducing impact. Although about 13 species belonging to the Lauraceae are indigenous to the United States, the highly susceptible members of the family to laurel wilt are the large tree species including redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees), with a significant economic impact on the commercial production of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), an important species native to Central America grown in the United States. Preventing new introductions and mitigating the impact of previously introduced nonnative species are critically important to decelerate losses of forest habitat, genetic diversity, and overall ecosystem value.

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Farukh, Murad A., Md A. Islam, and Hiroshi Hayasaka. "Wildland Fires in the Subtropical Hill Forests of Southeastern Bangladesh." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010097.

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The first ever comprehensive study on wildland fires in Bangladesh is carried out to develop a fire prevention and prediction method. The major causes of huge wildland fires (88%) in the subtropical Chittagong Hill forest (43% of total) of southern Bangladesh are reported as shifting cultivation, grazing and unauthorized settlement. We used satellite hotspot (HS) data from 2003 to 2021 (a total of 54,669 HSs) to clarify the spatio-temporal structure of wildland fires. Fire weather conditions were analyzed using various weather data and synoptic-scale weather maps at different air levels. Fires concentrated from March through April or a transitional period from the dry season, caused by the Asian winter monsoon, to the wet season, due to the Asian summer monsoon. Fire occurrence depended on dry conditions and pre-monsoon showers and their timing. The difference in 925 hPa heights of high and low pressure systems may be attributed to the different types of the Asian winter and summer monsoons. The average maximum air temperature and incident shortwave solar energy in April were the highest and strongest, contributing fire-prone weather conditions. Based on the analysis, a fire prevention and prediction method will be developed, and this report may also facilitate the establishment of future CO2 reduction measures for Bangladesh.

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Velázquez, Daniel Rodríguez. "Social Resilience, Disaster Prevention, and Climate Change: Challenges from Mexico." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0155.

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Major damages associated with natural and technological hazards in Mexico occur mainly in the country’s poor and marginalized south and southeastern regions. Technical and administrative issues create some challenges in building disaster resilience into Mexico’s communities, but the main challenge lies in public policy. National, state, and municipal governments must work with different organizations to build community resilience with the objective of linking development to welfare and security. In intervention, challenges lie in consolidating programs and actions related to disaster prevention and adaptation to climate change. We suggest an agenda for promoting social resilience as a component of public policy.

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Gamal Abdul Hamid, Amani Saleh Hadi, and Nadia Ali Yeslam. "Ovarian cancer in southeastern of Yemen." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.3.0026.

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Introduction: Ovarian cancer is an important cause of mortality in women. The incidence of ovarian cancer and survival rates are still relatively unknown in southeast Yemen. This study takes into account trends in ovarian cancer incidence and survival rates by examining age, histological subtypes, residency, and treatment. Methods: The National Cancer Center Aden is the premier cancer care transformation center in the southeastern governorates and the source for collecting data on ovarian cancer mortality from 2014-2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database. The age-adjusted incidence rate, the percentage incidence rate, the annual percentage changes (APC) by histopathology and age at diagnosis were calculated. The 5-year survival rates were calculated by stage and treatment. Results: Mean age at presentation: 48.14 years (SD 15, range 20-79 years); commonest histological sub-type: presentation of OVC types was the Serous cystadenocarcinoma 56(34%); The most frequently seen stage: 4 (53%) of all ovarian cancers), followed by stage 3 (28%). The mortality rate for women with ovarian cancer is slightly higher in the years studied. Mortality was higher during period of the war. Conclusions: Due to the lack of adequate information on the epidemiological records of ovarian cancer in Yemen, there is an urgent need to carry out a large population study in southeastern Yemen in order to improve the programs of prevention and control of ovarian cancer in the region by the support of Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization.

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Caldarera, Trevor, Megha Penmetsa, Austin Seals, Edward H. Ip, Salim S. Virani, Michael D. Shapiro, and Yashashwi Pokharel. "CLINICIANS’ SELF-REPORTED EFFICACY IN CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION PRACTICE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES." American Journal of Preventive Cardiology 13 (March 2023): 100412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100412.

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Schrader, Susan L., Rebecca Blue, and Arlene Horner. "Better Bones Buddies: An Osteoporosis Prevention Program." Journal of School Nursing 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405050210020801.

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Although osteoporosis typically surfaces in later life, peak bone mass attained before age 20 is a key factor in its prevention. However, most American children’s diets lack sufficient calcium during the critical growth periods of preadolescence and adolescence to achieve peak bone mass. Better Bones (BB) Buddies is an educational program targeting children ages 9–15 years in an effort to improve their knowledge of bone health and to increase their intake of calcium-rich foods, thereby reducing the risk for osteoporosis later in life. In the 1998–1999 school year, Better Bones Buddies was given to more than 2,200 school children in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Posttest results ( N = 900) indicate participants improved in their knowledge of osteoporosis, and half reported modifications in their dietary habits to increase calcium consumption. Implications of the Better Bones Buddies program are discussed, with recommendations for future use of this program to increase children’s knowledge about bone growth and osteoporosis.

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Gómez-Rivera, Ángel S., Rahuel J. Chan-Chablé, Karla L. Canto-Mis, Pedro C. Mis-Ávila, Fabián Correa-Morales, and Pablo Manrique-Saide. "New Distribution Records of Anopheles darlingi in Quintana Roo, Southeastern Mexico." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 37, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/21-7010.1.

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ABSTRACT Anopheles darlingi is considered the main vector of malaria in the Neotropical region, so knowledge of its distribution in the Americas is highly relevant for the design of strategies for prevention and control of the illness. In Mexico, An. darlingi was recorded for the first time in 1943, and currently its distribution covers the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, and Tabasco. In this study, new distribution data and observations of the abundance of An. darlingi in 14 localities of Quintana Roo, southeastern Mexico, are presented.

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Zuniga, Miguel A., Robert J. Buchanan, and Bonnie J. Chakravorty. "HIV Education, Prevention, and Outreach Programs in Rural Areas of the Southeastern United States." Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 4, no. 4 (February 27, 2006): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j187v04n04_03.

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Bergen, Gwen. "Implementing Effective, Evidence-Based Older Adult Fall Prevention." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2796.

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Abstract Over one in four older adults (65 years and older) in the US reports falling annually with estimated medical costs of $50 billion. Evidence-based strategies exist that can reduce falls with one of the most promising being multifactorial, clinically-based initiatives such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) Initiative. STEADI includes three core components for health care providers: screen for risk factors, assess modifiable factors, and intervene to reduce falls with evidence-based strategies. Barriers to implementation include competing patient demands and limited time during patient visits. Efficient, effective implementation of clinical fall prevention is important to increase the use of multifactorial interventions. In addition, understanding older adult attitudes about the preventability of falls is needed to increase patient adherence to prescribed interventions. This symposium will cover:1. Background data on older adult falls over time,2. Description of an initial implementation of STEADI in an outpatient, Southeastern clinical practice including lessons learned,3. Attitudes of older adults toward fall prevention with implications for health promotion,4. Process evaluation of an ongoing implementation of STEADI in New York State with lessons learned. Understanding practical methods of implementing the three core components of fall prevention into practice supports wider dissemination of evidence-based fall prevention, while understanding patient attitudes toward falls informs the design of health promotion approaches to increase patient uptake of prescribed interventions. Wider dissemination and increased patient adherence in combination can reduce older adult falls and their associated medical costs.

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Iloanusi, Sorochi, Osaro Mgbere, Nchebe-Jah Raymond Iloanusi, Ismaeel Yunusa, and Ekere J. Essien. "COVID-19 Related Misconceptions and Prevention Practices Among the Public in a Southeastern City in Nigeria." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 5, no. 2 (August 14, 2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.362.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought several misconceptions that could hinder individuals from taking necessary measures to prevent infection, thus, undermining the public health containment efforts. We aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 related misconceptions and their associations with demographic characteristics and prevention practices in Onitsha city in Anambra state, Nigeria. Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 140 adult residents of Onitsha city in Anambra state, Nigeria, conducted in March 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the study population and determine the associations between COVID-19 misconceptions, demographic characteristics, and implementation of COVID-19 prevention practices. Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS JMP Statistical DiscoveryTM Software version 14.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). Results: The participants’ average age was 34.5 (SD: ±10.9) years, and most were males (54.3%). Misconceptions about COVID-19 among the study population resulted in markedly reduced compliance with nearly all prevention practices. Some participants believed that COVID-19 would not spread in Nigeria (34.4%, p<0.0001), was not fatal (10.8%, p<0.0001), can be prevented and cured through spiritual means (48.2%, P <0.0001), use of herbs (13.6%, P <0.0001), use of antibiotics (11.4%, p<0.0001) and that COVID-19 vaccine was available (25.4%, p<0.01). Misconception about the possibility of COVID-19 spread was significantly associated with non-compliance to all prevention practices (P<0.05) except travel restrictions. Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Our study suggests the need for the government to tailor interventions targeting the common misconceptions in Onitsha in order to improve the public’s trust and compliance with recommended COVID-19 prevention practices. Misconception has become a significant public health challenge, primarily as its prioritization over scientific evidence and guidelines directly affects the pandemic preparedness and control efforts and may cause more people to be at risk of contracting COVID-19. Copyright © 2021 Iloanusi et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

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L. Wilkinson, Larrell, Jelani Kerr, Temple Smith, Muhammad Salaam, Minnjuan W. Flournoy, Jametta Magwood, Edith Williams, and Saundra Glover. "Psychological health and discrimination experience among graduate students: findings from the Stress Coping Obstruction Prevention & Education (SCOPE) Study." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-11-2013-0049.

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Purpose – African-Americans historically report greater exposure to discrimination and also experience unfavorable outcomes associated with physical health, poverty concentration, residential segregation, and poorer education. The effects of discrimination are particularly harmful on mental health as discriminatory experiences contribute significantly to diminished mental health status and psychological distress. African-Americans pursuing graduate education may experience additional stressors, increasing the risk for poorer mental health. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association of psychological health and discrimination experiences among black and white graduate students at a southeastern university. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 505 graduate students at a predominantly white southeastern institution. Researchers collected data via self-administered online and paper questionnaires during the spring 2010 semester. Graduate students were asked questions pertaining to individual demographics, discrimination, and psychosocial concerns. Findings – Approximately 15 percent of the graduate students reported psychological distress. Additionally, black graduate students reported significantly higher levels of day-to-day and lifetime discrimination when compared to white graduate students. In addition to the proportions of psychological distress differing by race, African-American graduate students reported better psychological well-being when exposed to both day-to-day and lifetime discrimination than whites with similar exposure. Practical implications – Resilience factors and coping strategies should be examined further among African-American graduate students for greater understanding. Moreover, it is important to develop applications to improve mental health outcomes for all graduate students. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies to focus on the mental health and discrimination experiences among a graduate student population. The sample is drawn from the southeastern USA where there are long vestiges of discrimination and a sizable sampling of African-Americans who live in the USA.

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Mercer Kollar, Laura M., Steven A. Sumner, Brad Bartholow, Daniel T. Wu, Jasmine C. Moore, Elizabeth W. Mays, Elizabeth V. Atkins, David A. Fraser, Charles E. Flood, and Jonathan P. Shepherd. "Building capacity for injury prevention: a process evaluation of a replication of the Cardiff Violence Prevention Programme in the Southeastern USA." Injury Prevention 26, no. 3 (April 16, 2019): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043127.

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ObjectivesViolence is a major public health problem in the USA. In 2016, more than 1.6 million assault-related injuries were treated in US emergency departments (EDs). Unfortunately, information about the magnitude and patterns of violent incidents is often incomplete and underreported to law enforcement (LE). In an effort to identify more complete information on violence for the development of prevention programme, a cross-sectoral Cardiff Violence Prevention Programme (Cardiff Model) partnership was established at a large, urban ED with a level I trauma designation and local metropolitan LE agency in the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area. The Cardiff Model is a promising violence prevention approach that promotes combining injury data from hospitals and LE. The objective was to describe the Cardiff Model implementation and collaboration between hospital and LE partners.MethodsThe Cardiff Model was replicated in the USA. A process evaluation was conducted by reviewing project materials, nurse surveys and interviews and ED–LE records.ResultsCardiff Model replication centred around four activities: (1) collaboration between the hospital and LE to form a community safety partnership locally called the US Injury Prevention Partnership; (2) building hospital capacity for data collection; (3) data aggregation and analysis and (4) developing and implementing violence prevention interventions based on the data.ConclusionsThe Cardiff Model can be implemented in the USA for sustainable violent injury data surveillance and sharing. Key components include building a strong ED–LE partnership, communicating with each other and hospital staff, engaging in capacity building and sustainability planning.

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Van Gerwen, Olivia T., Erika L. Austin, Andres F. Camino, L. Victoria Odom, and Christina A. Muzny. "“It’s behaviors, not identity”: Attitudes and beliefs related to HIV risk and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women in the Southeastern United States." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0262205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262205.

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HIV prevalence is high among transgender women (TGW) in the Southeastern U.S. Uptake of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is low among TGW nationwide. We aimed to explore beliefs associated with PrEP among TGW in the Southeastern U.S., framed by the Health Belief Model. HIV-negative TGW ≥18 years old in Alabama participated in virtual focus group discussions. Authors coded and amended transcripts to explore emerging themes. Between July-December 2020, 17 TGW participated in 4 sessions. Mean age was 28.1±8.5 years. Several themes were identified: frustration with conflation of transgender identity and HIV risk, inappropriate transgender representation in PrEP advertising, concerns for interactions between PrEP and hormone therapy, perception that PrEP is meant for cisgender men who have sex with men and limited trans-affirming healthcare. Nuanced messaging is necessary to properly educate and engage TGW in HIV prevention strategies including PrEP given the diversity of this population.

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Frank, John W. "Prevention and Control Strategies for Non-Communicable Disease: Goldberger, Pellagra and Rose Revisited." Epidemiologia 3, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020015.

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This paper argues that the public health conceptual framework of epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, first published as “Sick Individuals and Sick Populations” in 1985, provides a useful way to critically analyze prevention and control options for modern non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their forerunner, obesity, a pandemic now engulfing Lower-and-Middle-Income-Countries. That framework is based on the notions of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention—the full spectrum of “more upstream and more downstream” approaches, each with its pros and cons. These are illustrated using the pellagra epidemic in the southeastern USA from 1900 to the 1940s, which still has much to teach us about these same basic policy options for controlling the modern NCD pandemic. In particular, Rose’s dictum, “Seek the causes of (population) incidence, not of (individual) cases”, points up the compelling advantages of upstream prevention for controlling both epidemics.

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Gouma, V., and A. Chronopoulou-Sereli. "Wildland Fire Danger Zoning - a Methodology." International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, no. 1 (1998): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980037.

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A mountain area in Southeastern Greece exposed to wildland fire problems was used to establish a method for fire danger zoning. Meteorological risk (MR), fuel susceptibility (FS) and fire occurrence (FO) maps are created. The method integrates these maps and produces the constant and variable danger (CFD,VFD) zones that require respective activities for wildland fire prevention. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to perform the overlay analysis of thematic maps and delineate the fire danger zones.

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Roux, P., L. Sagaon-Teyssier, C. Lions, L. Fugon, P. Verger, and M. P. Carrieri. "HCV seropositivity in inmates and in the general population: an averaging approach to establish priority prevention interventions." BMJ Open 4, no. 10 (October 2014): e005694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005694.

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ObjectivesDespite the fact that a considerable portion of hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive individuals are viraemic, the risk of transmitting HCV to others is context dependent. Prison is a particularly risky environment as HCV prevention tools are often unavailable. Using data from a cross-sectional study conducted in centres for HCV testing in southeastern France, we aimed to compare the patterns of risk factors in HCV-positive inmates with those in the general population.Setting26 centres for HIV/HCV testing in southeastern France (23 in the general population and 3 in prison).Primary outcome measureHCV seropositivity measured with ELISA test.MethodsA propensity score method to ensure that the general and inmate populations could be compared and a multimodel averaging to estimate the degree (strong, weak, none) of the association of a number of specific factors with HCV seropositivity in each group.ResultsAmong the 52 082 participants, HCV infection prevalence was 1.5% and 5.2% in the general (n=46 125) and inmate (n=5957) populations, respectively. In both populations, ‘drug injection without snorting’ and ‘drug injection with snorting’ were very strongly associated with HCV seropositivity. Among inmates, ‘drug snorting alone’ (OR (95% CI) 2.21 (1.39 to 3.52) was also a strong correlate while tattoos, piercings (OR (95% CI) 1.22 (0.92 to 1.61)) and the sharing of toiletry items (OR (95% CI) 1.44 (0.84 to 2.47)) were weak correlates.ConclusionsThe pattern of risk factors associated with HCV seropositivity is different between the general and prison populations, injection and snorting practices being more prevalent in the latter. Access to prevention measures in prisons is not only a public health issue but also a human right for inmates who deserve equity of care and prevention.

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Advani, Sonali D., Sonali D. Advani, Andrea Cromer, Brittain A. Wood, Esther Baker, Kathryn L. Crawford, Linda Crane, et al. "424. The Impact of COVID-19 Response on Infection Prevention Programs and Practices in Southeastern United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.624.

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Abstract Background Early assessments of COVID19 preparedness reported resource shortages, use of crisis capacity strategies, variations in testing, personal protective equipment (PPE), and policies in US hospitals. One year later, we performed a follow-up survey to assess changes in infection prevention practice and policies in our diverse network of community and academic hospitals. Methods This was a cross-sectional electronic survey of infection preventionists in 58 hospitals within the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (community) and Duke/UNC Health systems (academic) in April-May 2021 to follow-up our initial survey from April 2020. The follow-up survey included 26 questions related to resource availability, crisis capacity strategies, procedures, changes to PPE and testing, and staffing challenges. Results We received 54 responses (response rate, 93%). Facilities reported significantly fewer PPE and resource shortages in the follow-up survey compared to our initial survey (Figure 1, P< 0.05). Only 32% of respondents were still reprocessing N95 respirators (compared to 73% in initial survey, P< 0.05). All hospitals performed universal masking, universal symptom screening on entry, and 30% required eye protection. In 2020, most hospitals suspended elective surgical procedures in March-April, and restarted in May-June. Approximately 92% reported in-house testing for SARS-COV-2 by April 2020, at least a third of which had a weekly capacity of >100 tests. Almost 80% performed universal pre-operative testing, while 61% performed universal preadmission testing for SARS-COV-2. Almost all hospitals switched from test-based to time-based strategy for discontinuing isolation precautions, majority in August-September 2020. Twenty-five percent hospitals reported infection prevention furloughs, staffing cuts, and or reassignments, while 81% reported increased use of agency nursing during the pandemic. Conclusion Our follow-up survey reveals improvement in resource availability, evolution of PPE guidance, increase in testing capacity, and burdensome staffing changes. Our serial surveys suggest increasing uniformity in infection prevention policies, but also highlight the increase in staff turnover and infection prevention staffing shortages. Disclosures Sonali D. Advani, MBBS, MPH, Nothing to disclose David J. Weber, MD, MPH, PDI (Consultant)

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Wu, Shanbai, Ruihua Zhao, Liping Liao, Yunchuan Yang, Yao Wei, and Wenzhi Wei. "Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil, southeastern Guangxi Province, China." Earth Surface Dynamics 10, no. 6 (November 4, 2022): 1079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022.

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Abstract. Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in the southeast of Guangxi, China. They pose threats to local communities, economic development and ecological restoration. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The macroscopic phenomena of landslides were observed and summarized. The response and variations of soil moisture content and pore water pressure were analyzed. And the discrepancies in landslide initiation were explored. The results had three aspects: (1) the response of volume moisture content was not synchronized with that of pore water pressure. Their variations were influenced by initial dry density, slope angle and rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of pore water pressure depended on soil mechanical behavior and its diffusion. (2) The differences in the formation process of granite residual soil landslides included the initiation time and mode. The starting time of landslide was delayed with increasing initial dry density and slope angle but shortened with increasing rainfall intensity. The failure mode could be changed from a sudden type to a progressive type due to the increase in initial dry density. (3) There are five stages in the landslide mobilization as follows: rain infiltration and crack generation, soil slide at the slope toe, occurrence of surface runoff and soil erosion, formation of steep-free surface, and soil slide at the upper slope. This research can provide valuable reference for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in southeastern Guangxi.

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Glanz, Karen, Jade Avelis, Pui L. Kwong, and John H. Holmes. "Correlates of attitudes toward COVID-19-related public health policies and prevention practices in six states." Journal of Public Health Research 11, no. 2 (April 2022): 227990362211021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22799036221102178.

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Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly impacted communities, however there is limited information about the beliefs, behaviors, and trust in government responses of populations across the country. It may be especially useful to understand state-based and regional differences that people reported early in the pandemic, to inform national and regional public health policies and communication strategies. This paper reports on correlates of perceptions of state and federal policies and prevention practices in six states with varying trajectories of COVID-19 cases and deaths, during the first major wave of the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 policies, perceptions, and behaviors in six states (three in the northeast/mid-Atlantic and three in the southeastern United States), was conducted in April 2020 using an online platform of research volunteers. The survey asked about demographics; use of and belief about the effectiveness of preventive behaviors; experience with COVID-19 testing, diagnosis, quarantine, and hospitalization; risk behaviors and perception; opinion of local, state, and federal government guidelines and information; sources of information; and scales measuring time perspective and collectivism/individualism. Results: Responses from 1476 adults in six states showed that the most often-practiced prevention practices involved social distancing, and that reactions to federal government policies differed regionally and by political party affiliation. Conclusions: These findings improve understanding of how Americans view government responses to the pandemic, and their prevention practices, early in the pandemic. These data will help to create more effective public health policies to control the pandemic and achieve public support for control measures.

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Dessauvagie, Anja Susanne, Hoang-Minh Dang, Thi Anh Thu Nguyen, and Gunter Groen. "Mental Health of University Students in Southeastern Asia: A Systematic Review." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 34, no. 2-3 (November 19, 2021): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10105395211055545.

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Mental health in young people is a public health challenge worldwide, with around one-fifth of university students suffering from a 12-month mental disorder. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Southeastern Asia, resources for mental health are limited and counseling services are not regularly established at universities. This review aims to determine the prevalence of mental health problems among university students in six ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam) and to identify the determinants of mental health. A systematic database search (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubPsych, and Scopus) for peer-reviewed, English language articles, published 2010-2020, reporting prevalence data based on standardized screening instruments resulted in 335 articles; 108 were eligible for full-text analysis, of which 34 could be included in the review. Median point prevalence was 29.4% for depression, 42.4% for anxiety, 16.4% for stress, and 13.9% for disordered eating. Current suicidality was present in 7% to 8% of students. There was a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems, the willingness to seek professional help was comparatively low. Implications for mental health promotion and prevention in university settings are discussed.

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Stives, Kristen L., David C. May, Melinda Pilkinton, Cindy L. Bethel, and Deborah K. Eakin. "Strategies to Combat Bullying: Parental Responses to Bullies, Bystanders, and Victims." Youth & Society 51, no. 3 (February 11, 2018): 358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x18756491.

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Despite numerous studies on the topic of bullying, there remains a dearth of information on how parents respond to bullying and the extent to which they are aware of their child’s bullying experiences. Using qualitative data from 54 parents in a southeastern state, we explore advice that parents give their children about how to respond when their child is a bullying victim and a bystander in a bullying incident and how fearful parents are of their child being a victim of bullying and reasons behind their fear. Findings demonstrate that parental messages about responding to bullying victimization and intervening on behalf of other bully victims generally mirror those provided by schools as part of their bullying prevention efforts. However, misunderstandings about bullying and bullying responses among parents limit the effectiveness of the strategies they suggest for their children. Implications for bullying prevention programs and research are also discussed.

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Shirley M. Timmons, Richard L. Sowe. "Perceived HIV-Related Sexual Risks and Prevention Practices of African American Women in the Southeastern United States." Health Care for Women International 20, no. 6 (November 1999): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/073993399245476.

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Verger, Pierre, Claire Pardon, Helene Dumesnil, Danielle Charrier, Benoit De Labrusse, Marie-Pascale Lehucher-Michel, Alain Viau, Sandrine Arnaud, and Marc Souville. "Occupational Physicians' Attitudes and Practices in Relation to Occupational Cancer Prevention A Qualitative Study in Southeastern France." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 16, no. 3 (July 2010): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2010.16.3.320.

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Susaeta, Andres, José R. Soto, Damian C. Adams, and Jiri Hulcr. "Pre-invasion economic assessment of invasive species prevention: A putative ambrosia beetle in Southeastern loblolly pine forests." Journal of Environmental Management 183 (December 2016): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.037.

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Lojkić, Ivana, Ivana Šimić, Tomislav Bedeković, and Nina Krešić. "Current Status of Rabies and Its Eradication in Eastern and Southeastern Europe." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060742.

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The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of rabies in Europe, with special emphasis on Croatia and Southeast and East Europe. Due to the systematic implementation of a rabies eradication program by oral vaccination of wild animals, by the end of the 20th century, most West and Central European countries were rabies-free. The EU goal was to eradicate rabies in wildlife and domestic animals by 2020. No matter how achievable the goal seemed to be, the disease is still present in the eastern part of the EU, as was notified in 2020 by two member states—Poland and Romania. Croatia has been rabies-free for the last seven years but given that it borders a non-EU country in which a case of rabies was confirmed in 2020, it will continue to contribute to the maintenance of the rabies-free region. A rabies-free EU can only be achieved by continuous oral vaccination, coordination and a regional approach. The prevention of reintroductions from bordering countries in which rabies has not been eradicated yet, and the support for the eradication efforts made by these countries, are goals still pending.

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Adeke, AzukaStephen, NnennayaA Ajayi, BenedictNdubueze Azuogu, Nneka Chika-Igwenyi, and EmekaOgah Onwe. "The Role of Partnership in Lassa Fever Prevention and Control in a Tertiary Health Facility in Southeastern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Medicine 31, no. 3 (2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_32_21.

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Davis, Bionca M., Jingjing Yin, Doug Blomberg, and Isaac Chun-Hai Fung. "Impact of a prevention bundle on Clostridium difficile infection rates in a hospital in the Southeastern United States." American Journal of Infection Control 44, no. 12 (December 2016): 1729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.014.

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Sharpe, Patricia A., Ericka L. Burroughs, Michelle L. Granner, Sara Wilcox, Brent E. Hutto, Carol A. Bryant, Lara Peck, and Linda Pekuri. "Impact of a Community-Based Prevention Marketing Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged Women." Health Education & Behavior 37, no. 3 (October 29, 2009): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198109341929.

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A physical activity intervention applied principles of community-based participatory research, the community-based prevention marketing framework, and social cognitive theory. A nonrandomized design included women ages 35 to 54 in the southeastern United States. Women ( n = 430 preprogram, n = 217 postprogram) enrolled in a 24-week behavioral intervention and were exposed to a media campaign. They were compared to cross-sectional survey samples at pre- ( n = 245) and postprogram ( n = 820) from the media exposed county and a no-intervention county ( n = 234 pre, n = 822 post). Women in the behavioral intervention had statistically significant positive changes on physical activity minutes, walking, park and trail use, knowledge of mapped routes and exercise partner, and negative change on exercise self-efficacy. Media exposed women had statistically significant pre- to postprogram differences on knowledge of mapped routes. No-intervention women had significant pre- to postprogram differences on physical activity minutes, walking, and knowledge of mapped routes.

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Zhang, Hanwen, Yuee Huang, Shu Zhou, Liangchen Wei, Zhiyuan Guo, and Jinchun Li. "Pollution level and risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge from eight wastewater treatment plants in Wuhu City, China." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): e1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020182-15796.

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Aim of study: To investigate the content, contamination levels and potential sources of five heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, As) in sewage sludge from eight wastewater treatment plants (W1 to W8).Area of study: Wuhu, located in southeastern Anhui Province, southeastern China.Material and methods: The sewage sludge pollution assessment employed the single-factor pollution index, Nemerow’s synthetic pollution index, monomial potential ecological risk coefficient and potential ecological risk index. The potential sources among the five heavy metals were determined using the Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).Main results: The mean concentrations of the heavy metals were 0.27 mg/kg (Hg), 70.78 mg/kg (Pb), 3.48 mg/kg (Cd), 143.65 mg/kg (Cr) and 22.17 mg/kg (As). W1, W5 and W6 sewage sludge samples showed the highest levels of heavy metal contamination, and cadmium had the highest contamination level in the study area. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA revealed that Pb and Cd mainly derived from traffic emissions and the manufacturing industry and that As and Cr originated from agricultural discharges.Research highlights: The pollution of cadmium in Wuhu should be controlled preferentially. The heavy metal pollution of W1, W5 and W6 sewage treatment plants is relatively high, they should be key prevention targets.

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Zhang, Dan, Wensheng Wang, Shuqi Liang, and Shunjiu Wang. "Spatiotemporal Variations of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Jinsha River Basin, Southwestern China." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3268923.

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Climate extremes have attracted widespread attention for their threats to the natural environment and human society. Based on gauged daily precipitation from 1963 to 2016 in four subregions of the Jinsha River Basin (JRB), four extreme precipitation indices developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) were employed to assess the spatiotemporal variations of extreme precipitation events. Results show the following: (1) Max one-day precipitation amount (RX1day), max consecutive five-day precipitation amount (RX5day), precipitation on very wet days (R95p), and number of heavy precipitation days (R10mm) showed increasing trends in four subregions except for the decline of R10mm in the southeastern and RX5day in the midsouthern. Extreme precipitation has become more intense and frequent in most parts of the JRB. (2) In space, the four extreme precipitation indices increased from the northwest to the southeast. Temporal trends of extreme precipitation showed great spatial variability. It is notable that extreme precipitation increased apparently in higher elevation areas. (3) The abrupt change of extreme precipitation in the northwestern, midsouthern, and southeastern mainly appeared in the late 1990s and the 2000s. For the midnorthern, abrupt change mainly occurred in the late 1980s. This study is meaningful for regional climate change acquaintance and disaster prevention in the JRB.

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Irani, Tracy, Beatrice Fenelon Pierre, and Tyler S. Nesbit. "Agricultural Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Occupational Health and Safety in the Southeastern U.S. Coastal States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 6605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126605.

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Agriculture remains a highly dangerous industry for occupational health and safety. This study sought to understand the perspective of agricultural professionals with respect to the current state of the industry, challenges, and opportunities relevant to occupational health and safety. Additional questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the findings as well. Eleven industry professionals were interviewed, and the transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes following a constant comparative method. Three themes emerged in our findings: a description of the current state of occupational health and safety in the agricultural industry, barriers to improving occupational health and safety, and enablers of occupational health and safety. Each theme contained subthemes. The description of the industry encompassed regulations, inherent danger, and attitudes and education. Barriers included education, health care access, logistics, discrimination and cultural competency, economic considerations, and the labor contracting system. Enablers included education, regulations, and health care and prevention. These findings are consistent with existing literature, revealing interconnected and overlapping challenges and opportunities. Further research is recommended with a broader sample of participants, especially farmworkers.

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Chen, Shuai, Fangyu Ding, Mengmeng Hao, and Dong Jiang. "Mapping the Potential Global Distribution of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) Based on a Machine Learning Method." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 10182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310182.

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As one of the most notorious invasive species, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) has many adverse impacts on biodiversity, environment, agriculture, and human health. Mapping the potential global distribution of S. invicta becomes increasingly important for the prevention and control of its invasion. By combining the most comprehensive occurrence records with an advanced machine learning method and a variety of geographical, climatic, and human factors, we have produced the potential global distribution maps of S. invicta at a spatial resolution of 5 × 5 km2. The results revealed that the potential distribution areas of S. invicta were primarily concentrated in southeastern North America, large parts of South America, East and Southeast Asia, and Central Africa. The deforested areas in Central Africa and the Indo-China Peninsula were particularly at risk from S. invicta invasion. In addition, this study found that human factors such as nighttime light and urban accessibility made considerable contributions to the boosted regression tree (BRT) model. The results provided valuable insights into the formulation of quarantine policies and prevention measures.

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Zhang, Rong, Zhiyuan Mao, Jun Yang, Shelan Liu, Ying Liu, Shuwen Qin, Huaiyu Tian, et al. "The changing epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Southeastern China during 1963–2020: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): e0009673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009673.

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Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantavirus which was endemic Zhejiang Province, China. In this study, we aim to explore the changing epidemiology of HFRS in Zhejiang, identify high-risk areas and populations, and evaluate relevant policies and interventions to better improve HFRS control and prevention. Methods Surveillance data on HFRS during 1963–2020 in Zhejiang Province were extracted from Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention archives and the Chinese Notifiable Disease Reporting System. The changing epidemiological characteristics of HFRS including seasonal distribution, geographical distribution, and demographic features, were analyzed using joinpoint regression, autoregressive integrated moving average model, descriptive statistical methods, and Spatio-temporal cluster analysis. Results From 1963 to 2020, 114 071 HFRS cases and 1269 deaths were reported in Zhejiang Province. The incidence increased sharply from 1973 and peaked in 1986, then decreased steadily and maintained a stable incidence from 2004. HFRS cases were reported in all 11 prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang Province from 1963 to 2020. The joint region (Shengzhou, Xinchang, Tiantai, and surrounding areas), and Kaihua County are the most seriously affected regions throughout time. After 1990, the first HFRS incidence peak was in May-June, with another one from November to January. Most HFRS cases occurred in 21- (26.48%) and 30- years group (24.25%) from 1991 to 2004, but 41- (25.75%) and 51-years (23.30%) had the highest proportion from 2005 to 2020. Farmers accounted for most cases (78.10%), and cases are predominantly males with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. It was found that the median time from onset to diagnosis was 6.5 days (IQR 3.75–10.42), and the time from diagnosis to disease report was significantly shortened after 2011. Conclusions We observed dynamic changes in the seasonal distribution, geographical distribution, and demographic features of HFRS, which should be well considered in the development of control and prevention strategies in future. Additional researches are warranted to elucidate the environmental, meteorological, and social factors associated with HFRS incidence in different decades.

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Dias, Adriano, and Ricardo Cordeiro. "Attributable fraction of work accidents related to occupational noise exposure in a Southeastern city of Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 7 (July 2007): 1649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007000700016.

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Noise is the most frequent type of occupational exposure and can lead to both auditory and extra-auditory dysfunction as well as increasing the risk of work accidents. The purpose of this study was to estimate the attributable fraction of work accidents related to occupational noise exposure in a medium-sized city in Southeast Brazil. In this hospital-based case-control study, including 600 cases and 822 controls, the odds ratio of work accidents (controlled for several covariables) was obtained classifying occupational noise exposure into four levels and determining the prevalence at each level. Based on these data, the calculated attributable fraction was 0.3041 (95%CI: 0.2341-0.3676), i.e., 30% of work accidents in the study area were statistically associated with occupational noise exposure. The authors discuss the causes of this association and the implications for the prevention of work accidents.

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Anderson, Deverick J., Kathryn B. Kirkland, Keith S. Kaye, Paul A. Thacker, Zeina A. Kanafani, Grace Auten, and Daniel J. Sexton. "Underresourced Hospital Infection Control and Prevention Programs: Penny Wise, Pound Foolish?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 7 (July 2007): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518518.

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Objectives.To estimate the cost of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a network of 28 community hospitals and to compare this sum to the amount budgeted for infection control programs at each institution and for the entire network.Design.We reviewed literature published since 1985 to estimate costs for specific HAIs. Using these estimates, we determined the costs attributable to specific HAIs in a network of 28 hospitals during a 1-year period (January 1 through December 31, 2004). Cost-saving models based on reductions in HAIs were calculated.Setting.Twenty-eight community hospitals in the southeastern region of the United States.Results.The weight-adjusted mean cost estimates for HAIs were $25,072 per episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia, $23,242 per nosocomial blood stream infection, $10,443 per surgical site infection, and $758 per catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The median annual cost of HAIs per hospital was $594,683 (interquartile range [IQR], $299,057-$l,287,499). The total annual cost of HAIs for the 28 hospitals was greater than $26 million. Hospitals budgeted a median of $129,000 (IQR, $92,500-$200,000) for infection control; the median annual cost of HAIs was 4.6 (IQR, 3.4-8.0) times the amount budgeted for infection control. An annual reduction in HAIs of 25% could save each hospital a median of $148,667 (IQR, $74,763-$296,861) and could save the group of hospitals more than $6.5 million.Conclusions.The economic cost of HAIs in our group of 28 study hospitals was enormous. In the modern age of infection control and patient safety, the cost-control ratio will become the key component of successful infection control programs.

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Asima, Homayra, Victoria Niedzinski, Frances C. O’Donnell, and Jack Montgomery. "Comparison of Vegetation Types for Prevention of Erosion and Shallow Slope Failure on Steep Slopes in the Southeastern USA." Land 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101739.

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Shallow slope failures due to erosion are common occurrences along roadways. The use of deep-rooted vegetative covers is a potential solution to stabilize newly constructed slopes or repair shallow landslides. This study compared species that may provide slope stabilization for sites in the Piedmont region of the southeastern USA. Six species were tested on experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions, and vegetation health and establishment were monitored. Two methods were used to measure surface erosion, measurement of total suspended solids in collected runoff and erosion pins. While measurement uncertainty was high for both methods, differences were evident between species in the spatial distribution of surface erosion that was related to the quality of vegetation establishment. For three species that established well, soil cores were collected to measure root biomass at depths up to 40 cm. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodies) had substantially higher mean root biomass (3.75 kg/m3) than juniper shrubs (Juniperus chinensis; 0.45 kg/m3) and fescue grass (Lolium arundinaceum; 1.28 kg/m3), with the most pronounced difference in the deepest soil layers. Seeding with turf grass such as fescue is a common practice for erosion control in the region but replacing this with vetiver on steep slopes may help prevent shallow landslides due to the additional root reinforcement. Additional work is needed to measure the magnitude of the strength gain.

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Liu, Sudong, Xiaodong Gu, Ruiqiang Weng, Jing Liu, and Zhixiong Zhong. "Positivity and prevalence of human papillomavirus among a large population of women in southeastern China." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 12 (September 6, 2019): 6171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519870918.

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Objective To formulate strategies for prevention of cervical cancer, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the age-specific distribution among female participants in southeastern China. Methods From January 2016 to July 2018, 36,871 women from Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this prospective study. HPV genotypes were detected using Luminex technology. Results HPV infection was observed in 18.34% of the participants, and 79.98% were infected with high-risk HPVs. The five most prevalent genotypes were HPV52 (18.18%), HPV16 (16.06%), HPV58 (11.37%), HPV53 (8.82%), and HPV39 (6.42%). The 9-valent HPV vaccine efficiently reduced the HPV infection rate by more than 10%, which is twofold the rate of other vaccines. Most HPV infections were observed in women age 40 to 49 years, and those age 30 to 59 years accounted for 79.62% of positive patients. Conclusion Our findings regarding HPV genotypes and the age-specific distribution of HPV infection in the study area will contribute to the development of cervical cancer screening programs and vaccine strategies.

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Setegn, Tesfaye, Abulie Takele, Tesfaye Gizaw, Dabere Nigatu, and Demewoz Haile. "Predictors of Mortality among Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Users in Southeastern Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study." AIDS Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/148769.

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Background. Although efforts have been made to reduce AIDS-related mortality by providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services, still people are dying while they are on treatment due to several factors. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of mortality among adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) users in Goba Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia.Methods. The medical records of 2036 ART users who enrolled at Goba Hospital between 2007 and 2012 were reviewed and sociodemographic, clinical, and ART-related data were collected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to measure risk of death and identify the independent predictors of mortality.Results. The overall mortality incidence rate was 20.3 deaths per 1000 person-years. Male, bedridden, overweight/obese, and HIV clients infected with TB and other infectious diseases had higher odds of death compared with their respective counterparts. On the other hand, ART clients with primary and secondary educational level and early and less advanced WHO clinical stage had lower odds of death compared to their counterparts.Conclusion. The overall mortality incidence rate was high and majority of the death had occurred in the first year of ART initiation. Intensifying and strengthening early ART initiation, improving nutritional status, prevention and control of TB, and other opportunistic infections are recommended interventions.

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Yazdanpanah, Mehrnoosh, Abedin Iranpour, Gholamabbas Nekoonam, and Somayeh Alizadeh. "Investigating stress, depression, and anxiety levels in students at medical universities in southeastern Iran during the covid-19 epidemic in 2020." Journal of Public Health and Development 20, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2022/200315.

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Psychological problems in the general public and among students become common following the epidemic of infectious diseases such as Covid-19. This study investigated the rates of stress, anxiety, and depression and the factors affecting them during the epidemic of Covid-19 disease in students at medical universities in southeastern Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. A total of 390 students were selected through convenience sampling from medical universities in south-eastern Iran (Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Zahedan, and Birjand) as a sample size. The instrument used in this study was a DASS-21 questionnaire to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. The mean age of participants was 21.73±4.03. The mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 13.95 ± 10.23, 11.38 ± 08.92, and 19.15 ± 09.67, respectively. Overall, 62.56% of students suffered from depression, 62.82% from anxiety, and 62.56% from stress. Among the demographic variables, age and education had a significant relationship with all three subscales (p <0.001), and marital status had a significant relationship with the levels of anxiety and stress. The Covid-19 epidemic was recognized as a reason for higher rates of depression, stress, and anxiety in students at medical universities in southeastern Iran. Appropriate planning during an epidemic of infectious diseases for prevention and treatment interventions in the field of mental health promotion for medical students seems necessary.

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Nwankwo, E. J., and C. M. Attama. "Solar water disinfection (SODIS): modelling exposure period with geometric distribution." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 3 (November 2, 2022): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i3.20.

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Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is recognised and promoted as a simple and low-cost method for water quality improvement and diarrhoea prevention. However, there is potential for underexposure and incomplete disinfection due to the uncertainty arising from variable weather/exposure period. This study presents a probabilistic methodology for obtaining exposure periods from time series of historical solar energy data capable of resolving this uncertainty. To do this, SODIS exposure period was interpreted and computed in agreement with the underlying physical processes that govern geometric distribution. The methodology was illustrated by using geometric distribution to predict monthly exposure periods at 5% exceedance probability for 324 locations in Southeastern Nigeria. The parameter of the geometric distribution was estimated from solar radiation data obtained from NASA geo-satellite database. The results revealed both spatial and temporal variation of exposure period. Two days of exposure would ensure complete disinfection 95% of the days in November to May in virtually all the locations of the region. June to September is the least favourable period for SODIS application in Southeastern Nigeria, mostly requiring more than 2 days of exposure to ensure treatment. Performance validation of the model using confusion matrix showed an overall prediction accuracy of 83%, suggesting a reliable model for the prediction of exposure period. The exposure periods were presented in the form of monthly maps to serve as a tool for guarding against underexposure.

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Chen, Xiaohua, and Tie-Jun Shui. "The state of the leprosy epidemic in Yunnan, China 2011–2020: A spatial and spatiotemporal analysis, highlighting areas for intervention." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): e0009783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009783.

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Background Despite public health efforts to reduce the leprosy burden in Yunnan, China, leprosy remains an important public health problem in some specific areas. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of leprosy in Yunnan, China, and provide data to guide disease prevention and control efforts. Methodology/principal findings The surveillance data of newly detected leprosy cases in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 were extracted from the LEPROSY MANAGEMANT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA (LEPMIS), and spatial distribution analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatiotemporal scanning were performed with ArcGIS 10.6.1, GeoDa 1.8.8, and SaTScan 9.4.3 software, respectively. A total of 1907 newly detected leprosy cases were reported in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020. The new case detection rate (NCDR) decreased from 0.62 in 2011 to 0.25 in 2020, with an annual incidence of 0.41/100,000 population. The proportions of multibacillary (MB) cases, cases in female patients, cases causing grade 2 physical disability (G2D), and cases in pediatric patients were 67.07%, 33.93%, 17.99%, and 2.83%, respectively. The number of counties with an incidence above 1/100,000 population decreased from 30 in 2011 to 8 in 2020. The Moran’s I of leprosy in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 ranged from 0.076 to 0.260, indicating the presence of spatial clusters. Local spatial autocorrelation (LSA) analysis showed that high-high cluster areas (hot spots) were mainly distributed in the southeastern, northern, and northwestern regions. Spatiotemporal scanning showed three clusters with high NCDRs. The probably primary clusters, occurring during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2015, covered 11 counties in the southeastern region (RR = 5.046515, LRR = 271.749664, P = 0.000). Conclusion The number of leprosy cases in Yunnan decreased overall, although some high-NCDR regions remained. Geographic information system (GIS) analysis coupled with spatial analysis indicated regions with leprosy clusters. Continuous leprosy prevention and control strategies in Yunnan Province should be established, and interventions in high-risk regions should be prioritized and further strengthened.

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Mikan, Carl J., and Marc D. Abrams. "Altered forest composition and soil properties of historic charcoal hearths in southeastern Pennsylvania." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-076.

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This study related age structure and composition of forests in southeastern Pennsylvania to edaphic properties caused by the activities of a local charcoal iron furnace from the late 18th to the late 19th century. Forests surrounding charcoal hearths were harvested on 20- to 30-year rotations to supply wood for charcoal production in earthmound kilns. Charcoal hearths were created by a recurring cycle of disturbance, including the removal of established vegetation, intense heat, and the deposition of charcoal. Thirty-eight hearths of Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site were examined to describe differences in vegetation relative to surrounding forests that have developed since the cessation of charcoal production in 1883. Hearth forests were significantly younger than surrounding forests, with lower tree density and basal area, decreased sapling and shrub abundance, and higher herbaceous cover. Compositional differences on charcoal hearths included decreased importance of several Quercus species and ericaceous shrubs and increased importance of Liriodendrontulipifera L. Results of this study indicated that the initial effect of charcoal production was the prevention of stump sprouting and a delay in recolonization following disturbance due to extreme soil physical and chemical properties. Failure of hearth seedlings to recruit into larger size classes, age–diameter relationships of Liriodendrontulipifera L. trees, and the failure of calcifuge species to reestablish similar cover on charcoal hearths suggested that unfavorable properties of charcoal soils continue to negatively affect long-term productivity. Relative to nonhearth soils, large, significant differences in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K indicated that continuing inhibition of woody plants on charcoal hearths may be related to alterations in soil chemistry that have persisted for 110 years.

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Suarez, Alicia E. "Is disclosure a privilege? Race and disclosure patterns of hepatitis C." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 12 (February 1, 2017): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317694485.

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Research suggests that decisions to disclose hepatitis C status are affected by individual and interpersonal factors. However, no existing studies have examined the role of race in disclosure, despite the potential implications of being doubly marginalized on the basis of both race and hepatitis C status. Drawing on qualitative research with 53 persons with hepatitis C in the Southeastern United States, findings indicate that participants practiced four patterns of disclosure: activist disclosure, open disclosure, limited disclosure, and reluctant disclosure. The majority of African Americans in this research practiced limited and reluctant disclosure, while Whites’ disclosure patterns were more varied. These findings suggest that race shapes patterns of disclosure of hepatitis C, which has important implications for prevention, help seeking, social support, exposure to discrimination, and addressing racial disparities in health.

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Langer, Lilly M., George J. Warheit, and Linda Perez Mcdonald. "CORRELATES AND PREDICTORS OF RISKY SEXUAL PRACTICES AMONG A MULTI-RACIAL/ETHNIC SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.2.133.

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This research identifies the correlates and predictors of risky sexual behaviors among an ethnically diverse multiethnic sample of college students attending a large state university in the southeastern U.S. (N=338). Nine risk and five protective factors served as independent! predictive factors in the analyses. The dependent variable was scores on a risky sexual behaviors scale. Six of the nine risk factors and four of the five protective factors were significantly correlated with scores on the risky sexual behaviors scale. Regression analyses identified six significant predictors of risky sexual practices: number of partners in last six months; religious values; condom attitudes; age at first sex; binging on alcohol; and residential locus. These terms explained 29.4% of the total variance in risky sexual behavior scores. Implications for prevention programs and future research are noted.

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Gales, Catherine Le, and Jean-Paul Moatti. "Searching for Consensus Through Multicriteria Decision Analysis." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 6, no. 3 (April 1990): 430–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300001033.

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AbstractUntil now, no systematic strategy for the prevention of major hemoglobinopathies has been implemented in southeastern France, in spite of frequencies of β-thalassemia trait and HbS trait as high as 2·5–8% in some ethnic populations. The purpose of the study was to help a group of experts, brought together by the Regional Center for Disease Control, to reach a consensus about screening for carriers of heterozygote hemoglobinopathies. A multicriteria decision-analysis model was used to take into account not only the costs and effectiveness of potential screening strategies, but also five other qualitative criteria: technical and practical feasibilities, ethical acceptability, information follow-up in time, and global impact on health education. Conclusions differ significatively from those of a pure costeffectiveness analysis, but a multicriteria approach seems best suited to medical experts' preferences.

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Yan, Qiwen. "Dietary patterns and lifestyles in Tibet and southeastern China in relation to the prevalence of certain chronic diseases." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 2 (June 22, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v2i.554.

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The prevalence of diseases such as hypertension, overweight, and obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia has increased in China. Studies have found that many chronic diseases are related to lifestyle and dietary habits. However, China is a vast country with a complex topography and 56 ethnic groups. These factors lead to significant differences in diet and lifestyle habits among different populations in China. This paper compares the dietary structure and the incidence of chronic diseases between Tibet and southeastern China and finds that differences in dietary habits between ethnic groups and their geographical factors can affect the prevalence of specific chronic diseases. Therefore, the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China should not be generalized. It is recommendable to consider particular factors such as different cultures and habits among regions and ethnic groups to provide adequate nutrition education.

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Weinstock, Martin A., Joseph S. Rossi, Colleen A. Redding, Jason E. Maddock, and Sara D. Cottrill. "Sun protection behaviors and stages of change for the primary prevention of skin cancers among beachgoers in Southeastern New England." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02895664.

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Peiper, Nicholas C., Sarah Duhart Clarke, Louise B. Vincent, Dan Ciccarone, Alex H. Kral, and Jon E. Zibbell. "Fentanyl test strips as an opioid overdose prevention strategy: Findings from a syringe services program in the Southeastern United States." International Journal of Drug Policy 63 (January 2019): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.007.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Southeastern Prevention'

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