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Journal articles on the topic 'Southeastern Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Stamation, K., M. Watson, P. Moloney, C. Charlton, and J. Bannister. "Population estimate and rate of increase of southern right whales Eubalaena australis in southeastern Australia." Endangered Species Research 41 (April 30, 2020): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01031.

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In Australian waters, southern right whales Eubalaena australis form 2 genetically distinct populations that have shown contrasting patterns of recovery since whaling ceased: a western population in South Australia and Western Australia and an eastern population in southeastern Australia (Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales). Here, we provide an abundance estimate derived from a breeding female superpopulation mark-recapture model for the southeastern southern right whale population. The population comprises 268 individuals (68 breeding females) and has increased at a rate of 4.7% per annum between 1996 and 2017. There has been no significant change in the annual abundance of mother-calf pairs sighted at the only calving ground (Logans Beach in Victoria) over the last 3 decades. The total number of southern right whales (i.e. all adults and calves) using the southeastern Australian coastline has increased by 7% since 1985. Unlike the population estimate (which was restricted to breeding females sighted prior to the post-breeding southward migration), this estimate is likely to include transiting whales from the southwestern population. The theoretical population model predicts 19 breeding females at Logans Beach in 2018 and 28 in 2028; the actual number of breeding females, as of 2018, is 14. This study provides the first complete estimate of population size and rate of increase of southern right whales along the southeastern Australian coastline. This knowledge is critical for assessing population status and recovery of southern right whales in Australia. It provides a basis for monitoring persistence and responses of the population to environmental stressors.

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2

RODRÍGUEZ, JORGE, PAT A. HUTCHINGS, and JANE E. WILLIAMSON. "Biodiversity of intertidal marine flatworms (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) in southeastern Australia." Zootaxa 5024, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5024.1.1.

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Flatworms of the Order Polycladida are a group of free-living invertebrates found in a diversity of marine habitats, with over 800 species described worldwide. Marine flatworms are a conspicuous component of Australia’s marine fauna yet have received little attention. Less than 30 scientific articles have been published on Australian marine flatworms since 1855, of which only nine include species from southeastern Australia. Here, the biodiversity and distribution of species belonging to the Order Polycladida inhabiting intertidal rocky beaches in southeastern Australian waters were identified and analysed. Sampling was conducted at low tide along the coasts of New South Wales and Victoria. Collected samples were serially sectioned for comparative anatomical studies, and tissue was removed from each individual for molecular sequencing and analyses. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained and used as an additional source of evidence for the description of new species as well as providing further insight into the phylogenetic relationships between them. A total of 20 species, six of which are new (e.g., Eulatocestus australis sp. nov.), and a new genus (Parabolia gen. nov.) have been described, as well as two new records for Australia (e.g., Stylochoplana clara Kato, 1937) have been identified increasing our knowledge of this important component of the Australian marine biota.

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3

Bourman, R. P. "Modes of ferricrete genesis : evidence from southeastern Australia." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 37, no. 1 (April 23, 1993): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/37/1993/77.

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4

Cresswell, G. R., and R. Legeckis. "Eddies off southeastern Australia." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 33, no. 11-12 (November 1986): 1527–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90066-x.

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5

Hill, Robert S. "Origins of the southeastern Australian vegetation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1450 (October 29, 2004): 1537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1526.

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Australia is an ancient continent with an interesting geological history that includes a recent major shift in its position, both globally and compared with neighbouring land masses. This has led to a great deal of confusion over many years about the origins of the Australian biomes. The plant fossil record is now clarifying this, and it is clear that the ancient Gondwanan rainforests that covered Australia while it was still part of that supercontinent contained many of the elements of the modern vegetation. However, major climatic sifting, along with responses to other factors, including soil nutrient levels, disturbance regimes, atmospheric CO 2 levels, fire frequency and intensity, glaciations and the arrival of humans, have had profound impacts on the Australian vegetation, which today reflects the sum of all these factors and more. The origins of Australian vegetation and its present–day management cannot be properly understood without an appreciation of this vast history, and the fossil record has a vital role to play in maintaining the health of this continent's vegetation into the future.

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6

Fan, Lingli, Jianjun Xu, and Liguo Han. "Impacts of Onset Time of El Niño Events on Summer Rainfall over Southeastern Australia during 1980–2017." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030139.

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El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has large impacts on Australia’s rainfall. A composite analysis technique was utilized to distinguish the impact of onset time of El Niño on summer rainfall over southeastern Australia. Summer rainfall tended to be lower than normal in austral autumn El Niño events during December–January–February (DJF) and higher than normal in austral winter El Niño events, in 1980–2017. During autumn El Niño events, the Walker circulation and meridional cells served as a bridge, linking the warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and lower summer rainfall over southeastern Australia. This physical process can be described as follows: During DJF, a positive SST anomaly in the EEP was concurrent with anomalous downdraft over southeastern Australia via zonal anomalous Walker circulation, meridional anomalous cells along 170° E–170° W, and a Pacific South American (PSA) teleconnection wave train at 500 hPa. In addition, an anomalous convergence at 200 hPa depressed the convection. Meanwhile, an 850 hPa abnormal westerly was not conducive to transport marine water vapor into this area. These factors resulted in below-normal rainfall. During winter El Niño events, a positive SST anomaly in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP) and the changes in Walker circulation and meridional cells were weaker. The PSA teleconnection wave train shifted westward and northward, and there was a low-level anomalous ascent over southeastern Australia. At the western flank of the anomalous anticyclone, northerly transported water vapor from the ocean to southeastern Australia resulted in a sink of water vapor over this area. The development of low-level convective activity and the plentiful water vapor supply favored more rainfall over southeastern Australia. Onset time of El Niño may be a useful metric for improving the low predictive skill of southeastern Australian summer rainfall.

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7

WHARTON, ROBERT A., KARL ROEDER, and MATTHEW J. YODER. "A monograph of the genus Westwoodia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." Zootaxa 1855, no. 1 (August 22, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1855.1.1.

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Westwoodia (Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae) is an Australian endemic heretofore known from only two described species. Three additional species are described here: Westwoodia gauldi Wharton and Roeder, n. sp. and W. romani Wharton and Roeder, n. sp., both from southeastern Australia, and W. rodmani Wharton and Roeder, n. sp. from western Australia. A neotype is designated for W. ruficeps, following a detailed morphological comparison of topotypic material from Tasmania with populations from mainland Australia. New host records are provided; known hosts all belong to the Perginae (Hymenoptera: Pergidae). A phylogenetic analysis of relationships among species is presented along with a key to species. Species richness is greatest in southeastern Australia, which may simply represent a collecting bias.

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8

WHITE, WILLIAM T., PETER R. LAST, and JOHN D. STEVENS. "Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific." Zootaxa 1560, no. 1 (August 27, 2007): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1560.1.2.

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A new species of Mandarin dogfish, Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., is described based on specimens from southeastern Australia. Australian populations were previously considered to be conspecific with Cirrhigaleus barbifer from the western North Pacific and Indonesia, but recent investigations revealed that the two forms differ in morphology and in the structure of the CO1 gene. Cirrhigaleus australis has a smaller eye, shorter dorsal-caudal space, and smaller pectoral fins and dorsal fins and spines. These species are clearly separable from the only other congener, C. asper, and all other members of the family Squalidae, by the possession of a greatly produced barbel on their anterior nasal flap. The new species occurs in temperate waters of eastern Australia, and possibly New Zealand.

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9

Quinting, Julian F., and Michael J. Reeder. "Southeastern Australian Heat Waves from a Trajectory Viewpoint." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 10 (October 2017): 4109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0165.1.

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Although heat waves account for more premature deaths in the Australian region than any other natural disaster, an understanding of their dynamics is still incomplete. The present study identifies the dynamical mechanisms responsible for heat waves in southeastern Australia using 10-day backward trajectories computed from the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Prior to the formation of a heat wave, trajectories located over the south Indian Ocean and over Australia in the lower and midtroposphere ascend diabatically ahead of an upper-level trough and over a baroclinic zone to the south of the continent. These trajectories account for 44% of all trajectories forming the anticyclonic upper-level potential vorticity anomalies that characterize heat waves in the region. At the same time, trajectories located over the south Indian Ocean in the lower part of the troposphere descend and aggregate over the Tasman Sea. This descent is accompanied by a strong adiabatic warming. A key finding is that the temperatures are raised further through diabatic heating in the boundary layer over eastern Australia but not over the inner Australian continent. From eastern Australia, the air parcels are advected southward as they become incorporated into the near-surface anticyclone that defines the heat wave. In contrast to past studies, the importance of cloud-diabatic processes in the evolution of the midlatitude large-scale flow and the role of adiabatic compression in elevating the near-surface temperatures is emphasized. Likewise, the role of the local surface sensible heat fluxes is deemphasized.

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10

Siegel, Jeff. "Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 306–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.04sie.

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More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, Jong Ah Siug. The article presents some background information about Chinese immigrants in the region where Jong worked (Victoria), and evidence that some CPE was spoken there. It goes on to describe Jong’s notebook and the circumstances that led to him writing it. The main part of the article examines the linguistic features of CPE and other pidgins that are present in the notebook, and discusses other lexical and morphosyntactic features of the text. Some features are typical only of CPE, such as the use of my as the first person pronoun. On the other hand, some features are more characteristic of Australian or Pacific pidgins — for example, the use of belong in possessive constructions. Still other features have not been recorded for any pidgin, such as the use of been as a locative copula. The analysis shows that Jong’s text contains a mixture of features from CPE and other pidgins, as well as features of interlanguage, including some resulting from functional transfer from Jong’s first language, Cantonese.

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11

Martin, H. A. "The Tertiary of southeastern Australia: was it tropical?" Journal of Palaeosciences 39, no. (1-3) (December 31, 1990): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1990.1694.

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In the early pan of the Tertiary, Australia was not in tropical latitudes but the climate was warmer and wetter, and the vegetation was mainly rainforest. Most of the vegetation is considered subtropical or warm temperate, but there are a substantial number of tropical taxa present throughout the Tertiary. There is an overall decline in temperature throughout the Tertiary. The mid-Late Miocene was a turning point in the Australian Tertiary as it marks the demise of widespread rainforest and the beginning of the development towards aridity. Today, about one-third of Australia lies within tropical latitudes but a large proportion of this area is arid. Remnants of the once widespread rainforest are found in disjunct areas along the northern and eastern coastal strip, including Tasmania.

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12

Balme, Jane, and Wendy Beck. "Earth mounds in southeastern Australia." Australian Archaeology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1996.11681571.

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13

Bullock, Paul R. "Seepage scald in southeastern Australia." Applied Geography 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(91)90005-t.

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14

Marshall, Neil G. "Campanian dinoflagellates from southeastern Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 14, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519008619004.

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15

CURRIE, DOUGLAS C., DOUGLAS A. CRAIG, and JOHN K. MOULTON. "A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Zootaxa 4521, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.1.

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Protaustrosimulium n. gen. is described for four species: two previously named species from southeastern Australia—Paracnephia pilfreyi (Davies & Györkös 1988) and Paracnephia terebrans (Tonnoir 1925)—plus two newly described ones from the southwestern-most corner of Western Australia—Prot. amphorum n. sp. and Prot. opscurum n. sp. Molecular and morphological data suggest a close relationship between members of the new genus and Austrosimulium Tonnoir 1925. Monophyly of Protaustrosimulium is supported mainly by characters of adult females, as two of the four species are known only in that life stage. Two species groups are recognized: the pilfreyi-group for Prot. pilfreyi and Prot. amphorum, and the terebrans-group for Prot. terebrans and Prot. opscurum. The constituent species in each group are distributed vicariously in southeastern and southwestern Australia—a common biogeographical pattern in Australian simuliids.

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16

Quek, Tricia Y. J., Eugene Athan, Margaret J. Henry, Julie A. Pasco, Jane Redden-Hoare, Andrew Hughes, and Paul D. R. Johnson. "Risk Factors forMycobacterium ulceransInfection, Southeastern Australia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 11 (November 2007): 1661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1311.061206.

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17

McGOWRAN, B., G. R. HOLDGATE, Q. LI, and S. J. GALLAGHER. "Cenozoic stratigraphic succession in southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 4 (August 2004): 459–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-0952.2004.01078.x.

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18

Hanigan, Ivan C., Jacki Schirmer, and Theophile Niyonsenga. "Drought and Distress in Southeastern Australia." EcoHealth 15, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-018-1339-0.

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19

Dettmann, Mary E., and David M. Jarzen. "Pollen evidence for Late Cretaceous differentiation of Proteaceae in southern polar forests." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-116.

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Amongst diverse and abundant fossil proteaceous pollen in southeastern Australian Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) sediments are forms identical with pollen of extant taxa within subfamilies Proteoideae, Persoonioideae, Carnarvonioideae, and Grevilleoideae. Taxa identified now have disparate geographic ranges within Australasia. Sclerophyllous Adenanthos and Stirlingia (Proteoideae) are restricted to the southern Australian Mediterranean climatic region; Persoonia (Persoonioideae) ranges into higher rainfall areas of eastern and northern Australia. Grevillea exul – Grevillea robusta and Telopea (Grevilleoideae) and Carnarvonia (Carnarvonioideae) occur in or fringe rain forests in eastern Australasia, as do other members (Macadamia, Gevuina–Hicksbeachia, Knightia, and Beauprea) reported previously. Pollen evidence thereby confirms evolution of both rain forest and sclerophyll members by the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Turnover of proteaceous pollen taxa near the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary may reflect contemporaneous modifications to the proteaceous communities. Associated with the Late Cretaceous Proteaceae were diverse conifers (Microcachrys, Lagarostrobus, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Dacrycarpus, and Araucariaceae), Nothofagus, Ilex, Gunnera, Ascarina, Winteraceae, Trimeniaceae, and probable Epacridaceae. The vegetation, which fringed a narrow estuary separating Antarctica from southern Australia, implies a mosaic of rain forest and sclerophyll communities but has no modern analogue. Key words: Proteaceae, Late Cretaceous, Australia, Antarctica.

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20

Sharples, Jason J., Graham A. Mills, Richard H. D. McRae, and Rodney O. Weber. "Foehn-Like Winds and Elevated Fire Danger Conditions in Southeastern Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1067–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2219.1.

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Abstract Bushfires in southeastern Australia are a serious environmental problem, and consistently cause loss of life and damage to property and other assets. Understanding synoptic processes that can lead to dangerous fire weather conditions throughout the region is therefore an important undertaking aimed at improving community safety, protection of assets, and fire suppression tactics and strategies. In southeastern Australia severe fire weather is often associated with dry cool changes or coastally modified cold fronts. Less well known, however, are synoptic events that can occur in connection with the topography of the region, such as cross-mountain flows and foehn-like winds, which can also lead to abrupt changes in fire weather variables that ultimately result in locally elevated fire danger. This paper focuses on foehn-like occurrences over the southeastern mainland, which are characterized by warm, dry winds on the lee side of the Australian Alps. The characteristics of a number of foehn-like occurrences are analyzed based on observational data and the predictions of a numerical weather model. The analyses confirm the existence of a foehn effect over parts of southeastern Australia and suggest that its occurrence is primarily due to the partial orographic blocking of relatively moist low-level air and the subsidence of drier upper-level air in the lee of the mountains. The regions prone to foehn occurrence, the influence of the foehn on fire weather variables, and the connection between the foehn and mountain waves are also discussed.

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21

WOOLLEY, SKIPTON, and ROBIN S. WILSON. "Two new species of Eulepethidae (Polychaeta) from Australian seas." Zootaxa 2839, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2839.1.2.

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Exploration of poorly known regions of the Australian continental margin has resulted in the discovery of two new species in the scale worm family Eulepethidae. Grubeulepis kurnai sp. nov. occurs in southeastern Australia while Proeulepethus payungu sp. nov. was collected at one site in the Indian Ocean on the continental margin of Western Australia. Pareulepis malayana (Horst, 1913), also collected from the continental margin of Western Australia, is newly recorded from Australia, representing a range extension of that species previously known from Madagascar, Malaysia and the South China Sea. Four species, and four of the six known genera of Eulepethidae are now known from Australian waters. The family Eulepethidae remains species-poor compared with most polychaete families, and now comprises 21 species world wide.

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22

Christensen, T. "Some Collections of Vaucheria (Tribophyceae) From Southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 6 (1987): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870617.

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Sixteen species of Vaucheria are recorded from south-eastern Australia, including V. conifera sp. nov. and V. mulleola subsp. calida subsp. nov. One sample is found to vary to such an extent, also in unialgal culture, that it agrees with the description of V. cruciata in some cases and with that of the later established V. arechavaletae in others: it is concluded that these two species should be merged into one. The collection stations are briefly characterised. The species are illustrated with line drawings, and the Australian material of previously described species is compared with what is known from elsewhere. Formation of galls, caused by the rotatorian Proales wernecki, has been observed in four species. Drawings are included of one gall of familiar shape and one of a shape not previously described, the latter formed by Vaucheria erythrospora, which has never been found with galls before.

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23

Yang, Xingchuan, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, Xing Yan, and Hao Fan. "Statistical aerosol properties associated with fire events from 2002 to 2019 and a case analysis in 2019 over Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 3833–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3833-2021.

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Abstract. Wildfires are an important contributor to atmospheric aerosols in Australia and could significantly affect the regional and even global climate. This study investigates the impact of fire events on aerosol properties along with the long-range transport of biomass-burning aerosol over Australia using multi-year measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at 10 sites over Australia, a satellite dataset derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), and back-trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The fire count, fire radiative power (FRP), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed distinct and consistent interannual variations, with high values during September–February (biomass-burning period, BB period) and low values during March–August (non-biomass-burning period, non-BB period) every year. Strong correlation (0.62) was found between FRP and AOD over Australia. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between AOD and fire count was much higher (0.63–0.85) during October–January than other months (−0.08 to 0.47). Characteristics of Australian aerosols showed pronounced differences between the BB period and non-BB period. AOD values significantly increased and fine-mode aerosol dominated during the BB period, especially in northern and southeastern Australia. Carbonaceous aerosol was the main contributor to total aerosols during the BB period, especially in September–December when carbonaceous aerosol contributed the most (30.08 %–42.91 %). Aerosol size distributions showed a bimodal character, with both fine and coarse aerosol particles generally increasing during the BB period. The megafires during the BB period of 2019/2020 further demonstrated the significant impact of wildfires on aerosol properties, such as the extreme increase in AOD for most of southeastern Australia, the dominance of fine particle aerosols, and the significant increase in carbonaceous and dust aerosols in southeastern and central Australia, respectively. Moreover, smoke was found to be the dominant aerosol type detected at heights from 2.5 to 12 km in southeastern Australia in December 2019 and at heights from roughly 6.2 to 12 km in January 2020. In contrast, dust was detected more frequently at heights from 2 to 5 km in November 2019 and January and February 2020. A case study emphasized that the transport of biomass-burning aerosols from wildfire plumes in eastern and southern Australia significantly impacted the aerosol loading, aerosol particle size, and aerosol type of central Australia.

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Owen, Mechelle J., Roslyn K. Owen, and Stephen B. Powles. "A Survey in the Southern Grain Belt of Western Australia Did Not Find Conyza Spp. Resistant to Glyphosate." Weed Technology 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-166.1.

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Glyphosate-resistant crops will be grown for the first time in Western Australia in 2009. A survey was conducted across 150,000 km2 of the southeastern part of the Western Australian grain belt in 2007 to determine whether glyphosate-resistant Conyza populations were present. Sixty-eight Conyza populations were collected from various fields and roadside locations. These populations were collected from areas where Conyza was known to exist. Populations were screened with glyphosate and all populations were found to be glyphosate-susceptible. While no glyphosate-resistant Conyza populations were found in the southeastern grain belt of Western Australia, it provides baseline data prior to the introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops in this region. It is important to monitor the efficacy of glyphosate as resistance becomes more prevalent in weeds of various cropping systems worldwide.

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25

Becker, Joy, Dean Gilligan, Martin Asmus, Alison Tweedie, and Richard Whittington. "Geographic Distribution of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in Freshwater Fish in South Eastern Australia: Lost Opportunity for a Notifiable Pathogen to Expand Its Geographic Range." Viruses 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040315.

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Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) was originally detected in Victoria, Australia in 1984. It spread rapidly over two decades with epidemic mortality events in wild redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) and mild disease in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) being documented across southeastern Australia in New South Wales (NSW), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Victoria, and South Australia. We conducted a survey for EHNV between July 2007 and June 2011. The disease occurred in juvenile redfin perch in ACT in December 2008, and in NSW in December 2009 and December 2010. Based on testing 3622 tissue and 492 blood samples collected from fish across southeastern Australia, it was concluded that EHNV was most likely absent from redfin perch outside the endemic area in the upper Murrumbidgee River catchment in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), and it was not detected in other fish species. The frequency of outbreaks in redfin perch has diminished over time, and there have been no reports since 2012. As the disease is notifiable and a range of fish species are known to be susceptible to EHNV, existing policies to reduce the likelihood of spreading out of the endemic area are justified.

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26

Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, Andréa S. Taschetto, and Matthew H. England. "Modulation of Australian Precipitation by Meridional Gradients in East Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature." Journal of Climate 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2009): 5597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3021.1.

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Abstract This study explores the impact of meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradients across the eastern Indian Ocean on interannual variations in Australian precipitation. Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are conducted in which the sign and magnitude of eastern Indian Ocean SST gradients are perturbed. This results in significant rainfall changes for western and southeastern Australia. A reduction (increase) in the meridional SST gradient drives a corresponding response in the atmospheric thickness gradients and results in anomalous dry (wet) conditions over Australia. During simulated wet years, this seems to be due to westerly anomalies in the thermal wind over Australia and anomalous onshore moisture advection, with a suggestion that the opposite occurs during dry conditions. Thus, an asymmetry is seen in the magnitude of the forced circulation and precipitation response between the dry and wet simulations. To assess the relative contribution of the SST anomalies making up the meridional gradient, the SST pattern is decomposed into its constituent “poles,” that is, the eastern tropical pole off the northwest shelf of Australia versus the southern pole in the central subtropical Indian Ocean. Overall, the simulated Australian rainfall response is linear with regard to the sign and magnitude of the eastern Indian Ocean SST gradient. The tropical eastern pole has a larger impact on the atmospheric circulation and Australian precipitation changes relative to the southern subtropical pole. However, there is clear evidence of the importance of the southern pole in enhancing the Australian rainfall response, when occurring in conjunction with but of opposite sign to the eastern tropical pole. The observed relationship between the meridional SST gradient in the eastern Indian Ocean and rainfall over western and southeastern Australia is also analyzed for the period 1970–2005. The observed relationship is found to be consistent with the AGCM results.

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27

Ashcroft, L., D. Karoly, and J. Gergis. "Temperature variations of southeastern Australia, 1860-2011." Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal 62, no. 4 (December 2013): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22499/2.6204.004.

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28

de Caritat, Patrice, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux. "A strontium isoscape of inland southeastern Australia." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 9 (September 22, 2022): 4271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4271-2022.

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Abstract. The values and distribution patterns of the strontium (Sr) isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr in Earth surface materials are of use in the geological, environmental, and social sciences. Ultimately, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of soils and everything that lives in and on them are inherited from the rocks that are the parent materials of the soil's components. In Australia, there are few large-scale surveys of 87Sr/86Sr available, and here we report on a new, low-density dataset using 112 catchment outlet (floodplain) sediment samples covering 529 000 km2 of inland southeastern Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria). The coarse (<2 mm) fraction of bottom sediment samples (depth ∼ 0.6–0.8 m) from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia were milled and fully digested before Sr separation by chromatography and 87Sr/86Sr determination by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr values from a minimum of 0.7089 to a maximum of 0.7511 (range 0.0422). The median 87Sr/86Sr (± median absolute deviation) is 0.7199 (± 0.0071), and the mean (± standard deviation) is 0.7220 (± 0.0106). The spatial patterns of the Sr isoscape observed are described and attributed to various geological sources and processes. Of note are the elevated (radiogenic) values (≥∼ 0.7270; top quartile) contributed by (1) the Palaeozoic sedimentary country rock and (mostly felsic) igneous intrusions of the Lachlan geological region to the east of the study area; (2) the Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the central Broken Hill region; both these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes; and (3) the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic rocks of the Kanmantoo, Adelaide, Gawler, and Painter geological regions to the west of the area; these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by aeolian processes. Regions of low 87Sr/86Sr (≤∼ 0.7130; bottom quartile) belong mainly to (1) a few central Murray Basin catchments; (2) some Darling Basin catchments in the northeast; and (3) a few Eromanga geological region-influenced catchments in the northwest of the study area; these sources contribute unradiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes. The new spatial Sr isotope dataset for the DCD (Darling–Curnamona–Delamerian) region is publicly available (de Caritat et al., 2022; https://dx.doi.org/10.26186/146397).

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29

Colgan, DJ, and P. Middelfart. "Mytilus mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in southeastern Australia." Aquatic Biology 12, no. 1 (March 17, 2011): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00323.

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30

Poore, Gary C. B., and H. M. Lew Ton. "Mesanthura (Crustacea: Isopoda: Anthuridae) from southeastern Australia." Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 47, no. 1 (1986): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1986.47.04.

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31

Pigram, John J. "Salinity and Basin Management in Southeastern Australia." Geographical Review 76, no. 3 (July 1986): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214144.

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32

Williams, Kathryn, and John Cary. "Perception of native grassland in southeastern Australia." Ecological Management and Restoration 2, no. 2 (August 2001): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2001.00077.x.

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33

Ashcroft, Linden, David J. Karoly, and Andrew J. Dowdy. "Historical extreme rainfall events in southeastern Australia." Weather and Climate Extremes 25 (September 2019): 100210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100210.

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34

Martin, Helene A. "Tertiary climate and phytogeography in southeastern Australia." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 65, no. 1-4 (October 1990): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90055-n.

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35

Fontaine, Fabrice R., Hrvoje Tkalčić, and Brian L. N. Kennett. "Imaging crustal structure variation across southeastern Australia." Tectonophysics 582 (January 2013): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.031.

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36

Corner, EJH. "The Genus Clavulina (Basidiomycetes) in Southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 1 (1986): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860103.

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37

Tosolini, Anne-Marie P., Stephen McLoughlin, and Andrew N. Drinnan. "Early Cretaceous megaspore assemblages from southeastern Australia." Cretaceous Research 23, no. 6 (December 2002): 807–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cres.2002.1031.

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38

Shiel, R. J., C. J. Merric, and G. G. Ganf. "The Rotifera of impoundments in Southeastern Australia." Hydrobiologia 147, no. 1 (April 1987): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00025722.

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39

Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, Peter R. Briggs, Matthew H. England, Peter C. McIntosh, Gary A. Meyers, Michael J. Pook, Michael R. Raupach, and James S. Risbey. "Indian and Pacific Ocean Influences on Southeast Australian Drought and Soil Moisture." Journal of Climate 24, no. 5 (March 1, 2011): 1313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3475.1.

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Abstract The relative influences of Indian and Pacific Ocean modes of variability on Australian rainfall and soil moisture are investigated for seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. For the period 1900–2006, observations, reanalysis products, and hindcasts of soil moisture during the cool season (June–October) are used to assess the impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) on southeastern Australia and the Murray–Darling Basin, two regions that have recently suffered severe droughts. A distinct asymmetry is found in the impacts of the opposite phases of both ENSO and IOD on Australian rainfall and soil moisture. There are significant differences between the dominant drivers of drought at interannual and decadal time scales. On interannual time scales, both ENSO and the IOD modify southeastern Australian soil moisture, with the driest (wettest) conditions over the southeast and more broadly over large parts of Australia occurring during years when an El Niño and a positive IOD event (La Niña and a negative IOD event) co-occur. The atmospheric circulation associated with these responses is discussed. Lower-frequency variability over southeastern Australia, however, including multiyear drought periods, seems to be more robustly related to Indian Ocean temperatures than Pacific conditions. The frequencies of both positive and negative IOD events are significantly different during periods of prolonged drought compared to extended periods of “normal” rainfall. In contrast, the frequency of ENSO events remains largely unchanged during prolonged dry and wet periods. For the Murray–Darling Basin, there appears to be a significant influence by La Niña and both positive and negative IOD events. In particular, La Niña plays a much more prominent role than for more southern regions, especially on interannual time scales and during prolonged wet periods. For prolonged dry (wet) periods, positive IOD events also occur in unusually high (low) numbers.

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40

Vaghefi, Parshin, and Bofu Yu. "Validation of CLIGEN Parameter Adjustment Methods for Southeastern Australia and Southwestern Western Australia." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0237.1.

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Abstract Global climate models (GCMs) are usually used for future climate projections. Model output from GCMs needs to be downscaled and stochastic weather generators such as Climate Generator (CLIGEN) are tools to downscale GCM output and to produce synthetic weather sequences that are statistically similar to the observed weather data. Two methods of adjusting CLIGEN parameters were developed to reproduce precipitation sequences for southeastern Australia (SEA), where significant changes in annual precipitation had occurred, and for southwestern Western Australia (SWWA), where the precipitation has shown a significant decreasing trend since the 1920s. The adjustment methods have been validated using observed precipitation data for these regions. However, CLIGEN outputs ultimately will be used as input to other simulation models. The objective of this research was to further validate the methods of CLIGEN parameter adjustment using conceptual hydrological models to simulate streamflow and to compare the streamflow using observed and CLIGEN-generated precipitation data. Six precipitation sites from SEA and SWWA were selected and synthetic time series of daily precipitation were generated for these sites. Conceptual hydrological models, namely, the Australian Water Balance Model and SimHyd, were used for flow simulation and were calibrated using recorded daily streamflow data from six gauging stations in SEA and SWWA. Both monthly and annual streamflow show statistically similar patterns using observed and CLIGEN-generated precipitation data. The adjustment methods for CLIGEN parameters are further validated and can be used to reproduce the significant changes, both abrupt and gradually decreasing, in streamflow for these two climatically contrasting regions of Australia.

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41

Yang, Xingchuan, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Hao Fan. "Long-term multi-source data analysis about the characteristics of aerosol optical properties and types over Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 3803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3803-2021.

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Abstract. The spatiotemporal distributions of aerosol optical properties and major aerosol types, along with the vertical distribution of major aerosol types over Australia, are investigated based on multi-year Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations at nine sites, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and back-trajectory analysis from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). During the observation period from 2001–2020, the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) at most sites showed increasing trends (0.002–0.029 yr−1), except for that at three sites, Canberra, Jabiru, and Lake Argyle, which showed decreasing trends (−0.004 to −0.014 yr−1). In contrast, the annual Ångström exponent (AE) showed decreasing tendencies at most sites (−0.045 to −0.005 yr−1). The results showed strong seasonal variations in AOD, with high values in the austral spring and summer and relatively low values in the austral fall and winter, and weak seasonal variations in AE, with the highest mean values in the austral spring at most sites. Monthly average AOD increases from August to December or the following January and decreases during March–July. Spatially, the MODIS AOD showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, with high values appearing over the Australian tropical savanna regions, Lake Eyre Basin, and southeastern regions of Australia, while low values appeared over the arid regions in western Australia. MERRA-2 showed that carbonaceous aerosol over northern Australia, dust over central Australia, sulfate over densely populated northwestern and southeastern Australia, and sea salt over Australian coastal regions are the major types of atmospheric aerosols. The nine ground-based AERONET sites over Australia showed that the mixed type of aerosols (biomass burning and dust) is dominant in all seasons. Moreover, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) showed that polluted dust is the dominant aerosol type detected at heights 0.5–5 km over the Australian continent during all seasons. The results suggested that Australian aerosol has similar source characteristics due to the regional transport over Australia, especially for biomass burning and dust aerosols. However, the dust-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent over central Australia, while the biomass-burning-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent in northern Australia.

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42

Hughes, Martin J., and G. Neil Phillips. "The scale of ore fluid circulation in the Victorian gold province, southeastern Australia." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 7, no. 3-4 (June 28, 2001): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/7/2001/223.

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43

Young, R. W., S. A. Short, D. M. Price, E. A. Bryant, G. C. Nanson, B. H. Gardiner, and R. A. L. Wray. "Ferruginous weathering under cool temperate climates during the Late Pleistocene in Southeastern Australia." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 38, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/38/1994/45.

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44

van Rensch, Peter, and Wenju Cai. "Indo-Pacific–Induced Wave Trains during Austral Autumn and Their Effect on Australian Rainfall." Journal of Climate 27, no. 9 (April 23, 2014): 3208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00611.1.

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Abstract During austral winter and spring, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), individually or in combination, induce equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave trains, affecting midlatitude Australian rainfall. In autumn, ENSO is at its annual minimum, and the IOD has usually not developed. However, there is still a strong equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave train associated with tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, with a pressure anomaly to the south of Australia. This wave train is similar in position, but opposite in sign, to the IOD-induced wave train in winter and spring and has little effect on Australian rainfall. This study shows that the SST in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) displays a high variance during austral autumn, with a strong influence on southeast and eastern Australian rainfall. However, this influence is slightly weaker than that associated with SST to the north of Australia, which shares fluctuations with SST in the SETIO region. The SST north of Australia is coherent with a convective dipole in the tropical Pacific Ocean, which is the source of a wave train to the east of Australia influencing rainfall in eastern Australia. ENSO Modoki is a contributor to the convective dipole and as a result it exerts a weak influence on eastern Australian rainfall through the connecting north Australian SST relationship. Thus, SST to the north of Australia acts as the main agent for delivering the impact of tropical Indo-Pacific variability to eastern Australia.

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45

Nürnberg, Dirk, Akintunde Kayode, Karl J. F. Meier, and Cyrus Karas. "Leeuwin Current dynamics over the last 60 kyr – relation to Australian ecosystem and Southern Ocean change." Climate of the Past 18, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 2483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2483-2022.

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Abstract. The Leeuwin Current, flowing southward along the western coast of Australia, is an important conduit for the poleward heat transport and inter-ocean water exchange between the tropical and the subantarctic ocean areas. Its past development and its relationship to Southern Ocean change and Australian ecosystem response is, however, largely unknown. Here we reconstruct sea surface and thermocline temperatures and salinities from foraminiferal-based Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotopes from areas offshore of southwestern and southeastern Australia, reflecting the Leeuwin Current dynamics over the last 60 kyr. Their variability resembles the biomass burning development in Australasia from ∼60–20 ka BP, implying that climate-modulated changes related to the Leeuwin Current most likely affected Australian vegetational and fire regimes. Particularly during ∼60–43 ka BP, the warmest thermocline temperatures point to a strongly developed Leeuwin Current during Antarctic cool periods when the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) weakened. The pronounced centennial-scale variations in Leeuwin Current strength appear to be in line with the migrations of the Southern Hemisphere frontal system and are captured by prominent changes in the Australian megafauna biomass. We argue that the concerted action of a rapidly changing Leeuwin Current, the ecosystem response in Australia, and human interference since ∼50 BP enhanced the ecological stress on the Australian megafauna until its extinction at ∼43 ka BP. While being weakest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the deglacial Leeuwin Current intensified at times of poleward migrations of the Subtropical Front (STF). During the Holocene, the thermocline off southern Australia was considerably shallower compared to the short-term glacial and deglacial periods of Leeuwin Current intensification.

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46

Grace, W., V. Sadras, and P. Hayman. "Modelling heatwaves in viticultural regions of southeastern Australia." Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal 58, no. 04 (December 2009): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22499/2.5804.004.

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47

Treadwell, Simon A., Ian C. Campbell, and Rick T. Edwards. "Organic Matter Dynamics in Keppel Creek, Southeastern Australia." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16, no. 1 (March 1997): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1468234.

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48

Tai, Alex Y. C., Eugene Athan, N. Deborah Friedman, Andrew Hughes, Aaron Walton, and Daniel P. O’Brien. "Increased Severity and Spread ofMycobacterium ulcerans, Southeastern Australia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2401.171070.

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49

Merlin, Olivier, Christoph Rudiger, Ahmad Al Bitar, Philippe Richaume, Jeffrey P. Walker, and Yann H. Kerr. "Disaggregation of SMOS Soil Moisture in Southeastern Australia." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50, no. 5 (May 2012): 1556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2175000.

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50

Lategan, Maria J., F. R. Torpy, S. Newby, S. Stephenson, and G. C. Hose. "Fungal Diversity of Shallow Aquifers in Southeastern Australia." Geomicrobiology Journal 29, no. 4 (May 2012): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2011.559306.

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