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1
Bobiash, Donald J. "South-South aid : West African case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302945.
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Cummings, Vicki. "Landscapes in transition? : exploring the origins of monumentality in south-west Wales and south-west Scotland." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247683.
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Woodhouse, Carol May. "Rural accessibility : women in south-west Tynedale." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/399.
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S.W. Tynedale, a remoter rural area of the UK with a history of agricultural and industrial activity, is the location for the analysis of womens / accessibility to rural services and cultural/educational opportunities. Increasing car ownership and the decline in rural services have created difficulties for some rural women in gaining access to opportunities. Changes, through time, in the role of rural women and the space they occupy are analysed in terms of gender relations and the division of labour. Women's access to, and use of, power in S.W. Tynedale reveals a reluctance to seek political office. A survey conducted in 1981, and the 1981 Census data are used to explore the relationship between physical accessibility and the socio-economic, mobility and behavioural characteristics of women. Two indices are constructed to measure private and public transport accessibility, respectively. Although, socio-economic variables relate more to private transport accessibility, mobility and behavioural variables can be better explained in terms of public transport accessibility. A space-time approach is used in which the dimensions of the potential space-time prism in S.W. Tynedale is described and compared with the experiential prisms for three different groups of women. Using case study material an analysis of the behaviour of rural women points to the importance of the constraining and enabling mechanisms of the family support system in explaining womens' accessibility behaviour at different stages in the lifecycle. Through the application of Principal Component Analysis the underlying structure of accessibility is investigated. Nine axes of differentiation are identified including life style, life cycle, community involvement and education. Remoteness and mobility summarise the surveyed womens's location in space and ability to overcome distance. Measures of knowledge of facilities are summarised by three components _ local, town and city orientation from which space-time prisms are constructed. Distinct regional variations are apparent in the use of the resources of space and time. Finally, future possibilities for the accessibility of the two groups of rural women, the carless and the family dependent, are considered in relation to the wider stage of the political economy.
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Musyck, Bernard. "Autonomous industrialisation in South-West Flanders (Belgium)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260298.
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Hilton, J. "Famennian-Tournaisian plant assembleges from South-West Britain." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492250.
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Varley, Nicholas R. "Radon in soil gas in South-West England." Thesis, Kingston University, 1994. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20579/.
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In an EPA/DOE meeting in the U.S. in 1986, concerns on quantifying radon availability and the indoor radon concentration were highlighted (Hopke 1986). This work addressed some of their recommendations in a study on radon levels in S.W. England. This thesis presents: i) investigations into the correlation between indoor and soil gas radon concentrations, by the acquisition of new data from S. W. England. ii) investigations into the influence of geology, meteorological variables, spatial and depth variation on the measured radon levels. iii) a propsed protocol for obtaining soil gas measurements, suitable for use as an indication of potential inddor radon concentrations in S.W. England. iv) a discussion of the applicability of existing prediction models and proposals for the parameters to be included in any models applied to S.W. England. Several geological faults in S.W. England were delineated using radon measurements. Jointing was found to create anomalously high levels of [sup]222 Rn in the soil gas. A previous theory on the movement of ground water in convection cells was found to be unsupported. A dependence of both indoor and soil gas radon concentrations on the local geology was observed. Granite produced the highest levels as expected, and the influence of its metamorphic aureole was clearly detected. The increased fracturing of the rock was found to increase radon concentrations. Significant differences in soil gas radon levels were measured between the various sedimentary rock types. The two factors that were identified as chiefly responsible for any perturbation of a soil gas concentration, associated with a particular geology, are its moisture content and the inhomogeneity of soil permeability. Only a very weak correlation was obtained between the overall [sup]222 Rn concentration in soil gas and inside the home. However, for high soil gas concentrations a stronger correlation with the indoor level was observed. Typically the soil gas concentration was between a factor of 10 and 1000 times greater than that indoors. Levels as low as 10 kBq m[sup]-3 in the soil could produce an indoor concentration above the Action Level of 200 Bq m[sup]-3, The magnitude of influence of the various controlling parameters prevented the construction of a simple algorithm to predict the indoor radon concentration from that in the soil gas. However, in some cases, factors were identified that increased the probability that a house was above the Action Level. For a soil gas concentration in excess of 100 kBq m[sup]-3, it was found that over 70% of homes were above the Action Level, if located above and/or constructed from granite.
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Poole, Jason. "Radon release from granites in south-west England." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394062.
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Mueller, John Franz. "Department stores in south-west Germany, 1881-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709280.
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Gardiner, Paula Judy. "The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in south west England." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a1034199-f5d8-43e8-8651-f81d79f4551e.
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Pritchard, Matthew Earl Kanamori H. "Recent crustal deformation in west-central South America /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06022003-105512.
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Kortenhoeven, Cornell. "Genomics of West Nile viruses from South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32944.
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West Nile Virus (WNV) forms part of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex in the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. This enveloped positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA ) virus is the etiological agent of West Nile fever, and in more severe cases WNV neuroinvasive disease, in both humans and animals. WNV is distributed worldwide and is phylogenetically classified into five distinct lineages. The WNV genome is ~11 Kb in length and encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) that is post-translationally cleaved into three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins. In this study, two contemporary and two historic South African WNV strains were genetically characterised as lineage 2 strains based on complete genome sequences. Genetic change as a result of passage number and propagation system was quantified on both the consensus genome- and quasispecies level. A lack of variation was observed amongst the consensus genome sequences of WNV strains subject to changes in propagation system from BHK-21 cell culture to mouse brain and vice versa. In contrast, variation amongst the latter was observed on the quasispecies level. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles as well as full-length haplotype sequences reconstructed from ultra deep sequence data indicated that high levels of quasispecies diversity persists, particularly in the capsid gene region, during changes in propagation environment. The changes in frequency of variants were consistent throughout isolates propagated in different systems. The increased variation in the capsid gene region may result from selective pressures brought about by differences in host cell type between propagation systems. This study is the first to demonstrate quasispecies dynamics resulting from changes in propagation system of a lineage 2 WNV based on the reconstruction of full-length haplotype sequences from ultra deep sequence data. The approach demonstrates a cost-effective alternative to the estimation of viral population structure in light of viral evolutionary dynamics, which may in turn be assessed by the single plasmid reverse genetic system designed in this study. Although early attempts at rescuing an infectious WNV clone were unsuccessful, the system shows promise in the application of future studies concerning vaccine and diagnostic development, virulence studies and disease control.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Zoology and Entomology
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Van, Rooyen Suretha. "Factors affecting alien grass invasion into West Coast Renosterveld fragments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49964.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With only 1.76% conserved West Coast Renosterveld remaining it is crucial to prioritize the conservation and management of this fragile vegetation type. Because of its occurrence on fertile soils, renosterveld has been cleared for cultivation and other agricultural use and is thus fragmented to a critical point. These remaining fragments are subject to extensive edge effects and the exact parameters of a viable fragment must still be determined. The extent of alien grass species invasion into remnant renosterveld patches was determined using data collected using the line-intercept method. Sampling included three different management treatment areas adjacent to old lands: 1) a recently burned area, 2) a grazed area and 3) an unburnedlungrazed area providing a control sample. Additionally all small-scale soil disturbances along the lines were recorded. Results showed that Briza spp., Bromus spp. and Avena fatua were the most significant invading alien grass species. There was a significantly high variation between alien grass cover in each treatment, with the grazed area containing the highest overal! level of alien grass invasion. The control area, with the exclusion of fire and animal activity, showed minimum alien grass invasion. Edge effects were apparent in all treatments, but were lowest in the control area, where percentage alien grass cover significantly decreased after a distance of fifteen meters into the remnant patch. A weak positive correlation between the occurrence of alien grass and indigenous grass was found, as well as evidence of a weak association between alien grass cover and shrub cover. The possibility that small-scale soil disturbances could be an important contributing factor to alien grass invasion was supported by the positive correlation between disturbances and percentage alien grass cover. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of indigenous grass and small-scale soil disturbances, while shrub cover tended to be less associated with animal activity. It is concluded that the correct management regime could effectively control the excessive invasion of alien grass species into the remnant renosterveld patches. Grazing (including all animal activity and small-scale soil disturbances) was the main facilitator of alien grass establishment - even dominating the prominent consequences of edge effects by facilitating alien grass establishment much deeper into the remnant patches. It could be assumed that a precise balance of low-pressure grazing and fire management should be established to enable the effective control of alien grass species while maintaining optimum biodiversity. Keywords: renosterveld, alien grass, grazing, fire, management, small-scale soil disturbances
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met slegs 1.76% oorblywende Weskus Renosterveld wat bewaar word, is die beskerming en effektiewe bestuur van hierdie bedreigde plantegroei 'n prioriteit. Die vrugbare grond waarop renosterveld voorkom, het veroorsaak dat dit uitgeroei word om eerder die kultivering van ekonomies produktiewe landbou gewasse moontlik te maak. Dus het renosterveld verminder en gefragmenteer tot 'n kritieke punt. Hierdie ooblywende klein areas bedek met renosterveld, is blootgestel aan ekstensiewe invloede van die omliggende areas en die presiese afmetings vir 'n effektiewe grate renosterveld fragment vir bewarings doeleindes, moel nog vasgestel word. Die male van uitheemse gras spesie indringing in hierdie renosterveld fragmente is ondersoek deur die versameling van data deur die lyn-onderskep metode. Drie verskillende bestuursstelsels vir renosterveld is ondersoek om vas te stel wat die ergste graad van uitheemse gras indringing voorkom. Die studie het 'n 1) onlangs gebrande area, 2) 'n beweide area en 3) 'n kontrole area (wat nie gebrand of bewei is nie) ondersoek. Alle kleinskaalse grond-versteurings langs die lyne is ook aangeteken. Die resultate het aangetoon dat Briza spp., Bromus spp. en Avena fatua, as uitheemse grasse, die belangrikste indringers was en dus die grootste bedreiging inhou. Daar was 'n beduidende hoë variasie tussen die mate van uitheemse gras bedekking aangeteken in elk van die bestuurs-stelsels. Die beweide area het die hoogste graad van uitheemse gras indringing getoon, terwyl die kontrole area (in die afwesigheid van vuur en weidings aktiwiteite) die meeste weerstand teen uitheemse gras indringing getoon het. Die invloed van die omliggende omgewing was ook duidelik sigbaar in al drie die bestuurs-stelsels, maar was duidelik minder in die kontrole area waar die persentasie uitheemse gras indringing aansienlik verminder het na 'n afstand van vyftien meter in die renosterveld fragment in. 'n Swak positiewe korrelasie tussen die voorkoms van uitheemse grasse en inheemse gras spesies was aangeteken, asook bewyse van 'n swak negatiewe assosiasie tussen die uitheemse gras spesies en die inheemse bosse. Soos verwag, is daar bewyse gevind vir die teorie dat kleinskaalse grond-versteurings 'n belangrike fasiliterende faktor is vir uitheemse gras vestiging. Daar was 'n duidelike positiewe korrelasie tussen hierdie grond-versteurings en die persentasie uitheemse gras grondbedekking. Dieselfde positiewe assosiasie was gevind tussen die inheemse gras en hierdie kleinskaalse grond-versteurings, terwyl die inheemse bossie duidelik minder verbind was met die verskynsel. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat 'n korrekte bestuurs-plan die indringing van uitheemse grasse effektief sal kan beheer. Dier aktiwiteite (insluitende beweiding, grawe van gate, mier en termiet neste ens.), en dus kleinskaalse grond-versteurings. was die grootste fasiliteerders van uitheemse gras indringing en vestiging binne hierdie renosterveld stukke. Dit oorheers selfs die aansienlike effek wat invloede van die omringende omgewing op hierdie areas het, deur die uitheemse gras indringing selfs dieper in die fragmente in aan te help. Daar kan dus aangeneem word dat 'n presiese balans tussen lae-intensiteit beweiding (en dus fauna aktiwiteit) en veld brande vasgestel moet word vir die effektiewe beheer van uitheemse gras spesies terwyl die optimum bio-diversiteit terselfde tyd gehandhaafword. Sleutelwoorde: renosterveld, uitheemse grasse, beweiding, vuur, veldbestuur, kleinskaalse grond-versteurings
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Ni, Wen. "Copper and other mineralization in metamorphosed red beds, West Carbery area, South West Cork, Ireland." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543607.
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More than 100 mineralized localities have been found in the west Carbery area. The stratiform mineralisations are mainly hosted in the top of the predominantly,red coloured Devonian West Cork Sandstone Formation. "Major" sulphide-quartz veins are mainly, hosted in the base of the overlying Devonian Coomhola Formation where green-grey colour is dominant. Apart from the dominant copper sulphides, gold, native bismuth, and a large variety of Cu, Bi, Sb, As and Pb bearing sulphosalts have been found in the vein type mineralisations. Two metamorphic stages metamorphism) have (burial metamorphism and tectonic been recognized. Textures and compositions of phyllosilicates, carbonate compositions and reflectance of carbonaceous materials (graphite) have been used to estimate the metamorphic temperature. The estimated peak metamorphic temperature is 350±25°C and pressure is likely to be -2 kbar on regional geological evidence. Fluid inclusion study and ore mineralogy suggest that "major veins" formed at a temperature of about 300o C.- The trapping pressure obtained from Group 2 subgroup· B inclusions of Ballycurnmisk Veins is about 2 kbar and from other inclusions is < 1kbar. Stable isotope study suggests that vein forming fluids are typical metamorphic fluids. Sulphur from stratiform localities was probably bacterially reduced and sulphur in the "major veins" may be. metamorphically modified from the same ultimate source.
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Franklin, Brian Russell. "The antimission movement in the antebellum South and West." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1529.
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Ambrose-Oji, Bianca Anna Augusta Elaine. "South West Cameroon : blinking participatory biodiversity conservation to livelihoods." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8929.
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Tees, Eunice A. "South-west Scotland in Roman times : settlement and communications." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63871.
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Breathnach, Aodhan Sean. "The molecular epidemiology of Giardiasis in South-west London." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499821.
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Tregidga, Garry Harcourt. "The Liberal Party in south-west England, 1929-59." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296238.
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Phillips, Steven John Lewis. "The stratigraphy and structure of South-west Co.Cork, Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329570.
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Murphy, D. "Extraction of lithium from resources in south-west England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378948.
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Pottinger, Mhari. "Profiling non-partisan local lists in south west Norway." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420114.
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In recent years, an increasing number of Norwegians have been claiming that local democracy is in crisis. Low voter turnout in the 1990s has been perceived as particularly worrying whereas further symptoms of the “crisis” relate to recruitment problems encountered by many local party organisations in finding local election candidates. Accompanying these developments has been a steady growth in the number of non-partisan lists (NPLs) presented in Norway’s 435 commune council elections. In competing for votes with the established political parties, many of these local political actors have been notably successful. Despite this fact, very little research has focused exclusively on these NPLs. The phenomenon of non-partisan lists has been acknowledged as representing a heterogeneous category with ‘rural community lists’ and ‘single-issue’ or ‘protest’ lists having been most commonly referred to. Nevertheless, qualitative interpretation into the nature of these alternatives has been lacking. Having explored the characteristics of a selection of these NPLs within communes in Western Norway, it is quite evident that these local groups offer an important and additional outlet for democratic participation. They are not necessarily opposed to the established parties and in terms of organisation, campaigning, geographical and/or issue association the characteristics of these NPLs are diverse. Even so, the distinctiveness of NPLs as a phenomenon is questionable and in many respects it can be argued that the political parties and these NPLs are not significantly different entities at the local political level. Indeed, an exploration into the potential electoral appeal of these NPLs serves as a healthy reminder that local politics matter and that it is not just national politics and national issues that influence commune council election results. In many respects, a study of these NPLs adds important knowledge to the true (and differing) nature of political representation and elections at the lowest level of sub-national government.
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Primmer, T. J. "Low-grade Variscan regional metamorphism in south west England." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370706.
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Rublack, Ulinka. "Women and crime in south-west Germany, 1500-1700." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272770.
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Hunt, Ortiz Mark A. "Prehistoric mining and metallurgy in south west Iberian peninsula /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39142582n.
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Burt, Rodney Michael. "The geology of Ben Nevis, South-west Highlands, Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9766.
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The Ben Nevis volcanic-plutonic Complex was intruded into garnet grade Precambrian metasediments in the Southwest Highlands of Scotland towards the end of the Caledonian Orogeny. A variety of techniques have been applied to the Ben Nevis Complex in order to model its volcanic and plutonic evolution; these include: field mapping, petrography, mineral chemistry, whole rock major and trace element geochemistry and a combined study of the isotopes of neodymium and strontium. Rocks of the volcanic pile are subdivided into the following formations; the Allt a' Mhuillin formation, the Coire na Ciste formation, the Ledge Route formation and the Summit formation, and these overlie a basement of Dalradian schist. Fine grained metasediments of the Allt a' Mhuillin formation were deposited in a lacustrine basin into which entered a series of non-volcanic mass flow units. Non-volcanic deposition was terminated with the entry of the first volcaniclastic lahars of the Coire na Ciste formation into the Ben Nevis basin. Block and ash flows, lava flows and sills are also found in this formation. The Ledge Route formation testifies to a complex period of quiescence, airfall deposition and mass flow movement after which localised flows of lava dominate the overlying Summit formation. A single felsite dyke is found intruding the volcanic pile and is correlated with early members of the Ben Nevis dyke swarm in the northern area of the Ben Nevis Complex. Plutonic rocks of the Ben Nevis Complex are subdivided into the Fine Quartz Diorite, Sgurr Finnisg-aig Quartz Diorite, Coarse Quartz Diorite, Porphyritic Outer Granite and Inner Granite; these were intruded to a high level in the crust. A dextral stress regime operated during the intrusion of the plutonic rocks. Each of the above units was intruded as a series of pulses. Mass balance and qualitative trace element vector modelling (Rayleigh crystallisation) is able to model the geochemical evolution of the Porphyritic Outer Granite using plagioclase, amphibole, biotite and magnetite as the fractionating assemblage. Pyroxene is found as a phenocryst and as a groundmass phase in the quartz diorites with calcic amphibole found mainly as a replacement mineral after pyroxene; however, trace element modelling identifies amphibole as a fractionating phase. Isotopic modelling of the Ben Nevis Complex indicates the involvement of at least three components; these being a mantle source, a lower crustal source with similar isotopic characteristics to the Islay-Colonsay-Basement and, of lesser importance, Dalradian metasediments. No single parental magma can explain the geochemical and isotopic variation of the Ben Nevis Complex.
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Diddams, Hannah. "The nature, distribution and provenance of Loess in South West England and South Wales." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522533.
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Hammond, Napoleon Quaye. "The geochemistry of ore fluids and control of gold mineralization in banded iron-formation at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit, Kraaipan greenstone belt, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008370.
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The Kalahari Goldridge mine is located within the Archaean Kraaipan Greenstone Belt about 60 km SW of Mafikeng in the Northwestern Province, South Africa. Several gold deposits are located within approximately north - south-striking banded iron-formation (BIF). Current opencast mining operations are focused on the largest of these (D Zone). The orebody is stratabound and hosted primarily in the BIF, which consists of alternating chert and magnetite-chloritestilpnomelane-sulphide-carbonate bands ranging from mm to cm scale. The ore body varies in thickness from 15 to 45 m along a strike length of about 1.5 km. The BlF is sandwiched between a sericite-carbonate-chlorite schist at the immediate footwall and carbonaceous meta-pelites in the hanging-wall. Further west in the footwall, the schists are underlain by mafic meta-volcanic amphibolite. Overlying the hanging-wall carbonaceous metapeiites are schist units and meta-greywackes that become increasingly conglomeratic up the stratigraphy. Stilpnomelane-, chlorite- and minnesotaite-bearing assemblages in the BlFs indicate metamorphic temperatures of 300 - 450°C and pressures of less than 5 kbars. The BIF generally strikes approximately 3400 and dips from 60 to 75°E. Brittle-ductile deformation is evidenced by small-scale isoclinal folds, brecciation, extension fractures and boudinaging of cherty BIF units. Fold axial planes are sub-parallel to the foliation orientation with sub-vertical plunges parallel to prominent rodding and mineral lineation in the footwall. Gold mineralization at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit is associated with two generations of subhorizontal quartz-carbonate veins dips approximately 20 to 40°W. The first generation consists of ladder vein sets (Group lIA) preferentially developed in Fe-rich meso bands, whilst the second generation consists of large quartz-carbonate veins (Group lIB), which crosscut the entire ore body extending into the footwall and hanging-wall in places. Major structures that control the ore body are related to meso-scale isoclinal folds with fold axes subparallel to mineral elongation lineations, which plunge approximately 067°E. These linear structures form orthogonal orientation with the plane of the mineralized shallowdipping veins indicating stretching and development of fluid - focusing conduits. A second-order controlling feature corresponds to the intersection of the mineralized veins and foliation planes of host rock, plunging approximately 008°N and trending 341°. G0ld is closely associated with sulphides, mainly pyrite and pyrrhotite and to a lesser extent with bismuth tellurides, and carbonate gangue. The ore fluid responsible for the gold deposition is in the C-O-H system with increased CH₄ contents attributed to localized hydrolysis reaction between interbedded carbonaceous sediment and ore fluid. The fluid is characterized by significant C0₂ contents and low salinities below 7.0 wt % NaCl equivalent (averages of 3.5 and 3.0 wt % NaCl equivalent for the first and second episodes of the mineralization respectively) . Calculated values of f0₂. ranging from 10⁻²⁹·⁹⁸ to 10⁻³²·⁹⁶ bars, bracket the C0₂-CH₄ and pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite buffer boundaries and reveal the reducing nature of the ore fluid at deposition. Calculated total sulphur content in the ore fluid (mΣs), ranges from 0.011 to 0.018M and is consistent with the range (10⁻³·⁵ to 10⁻¹M) reported for subamphibolite facies ore fluids. The close association of sulphides with the Au and nature of the fluid also give credence that the Au was carried in solution by the Au(HS)₂ - complex. Extensive epigenetic replacement of magnetite and chlorite in BIF and other meta-pelitic sediments in the deposit by sulphides and carbonates, both on meso scopic and microscopic scales gives evidence of an interaction by a CO₂- and H₂S-bearing fluid with the Fe-rich host rocks in the deposit. This facilitated Au precipitation due to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the ore fluid such as a decrease in the mΣs and pH leading to the destabilization of the reduced sulphur complexes. Local gradients in f0₂ may account for gold precipitation in places within carbonaceous sediments. The fineness of the gold grams (1000*Au/(Au + Ag) ranges from 823 to 921. This compares favourably with the fineness reported for some Archaean BIFhosced deposits (851 - 970). Mass balance transfer calculations indicate that major chemical changes associated with the hydrothermal alteration of BIF include enrichment of Au, Ag, Bi, Te, volatiles (S and CO₂), MgO, Ba, K and Rb but significant depletion of SiO₂ and minor losses of Fe₂O₃. In addition, anomalous enrichment of Sc (average, 1247%) suggests its possible use as an exploration tool in the ferruginous sediments in the Kraaipan greenstone terrane. Evidence from light stable isotopes and fluid inclusions suggests that the mineralized veins crystallized from a single homogeneous fluid source during the two episodes of mineralization under the similar physicochemical conditions. Deposition occurred at temperatures rangmg from 350 to 400°C and fluid pressures ranging from 0.7 to 2.0kbars. Stable isotope constraints indicate the following range for the hydrothermal fluid; θ¹⁸H₂O = 6.65 to 10.48%0, 8¹³CΣc = -6.0 to -8.0 %0 and 8³⁴SΣs = + 1.69 to + 4.0%0 . These data do not offer conclusive evidence for the source of fluid associated with the mineralization at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit as they overlap the range prescribed for fluid derived from devolatization of deep-seated volcano-sedimentary piles near the brittle-ductile transition in greenstone belts during prograde metamorphism, and magmatic hydrothermal fluids.KMBT_363
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Matshego, Tabane Samuel. "Capacity building support in the senior public service of the North West Province of South Africa issues for leadership and governance /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-175837/.
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Eghweree, Ogheneruonah Charles. "Oil, politics and regional development in Nigeria : a comparison of the south-south and the south-west regions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21911.
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As oil bearing country, the issue of development in Nigeria has been a complex one that has attracted attention of both the government and scholars because oil politics appears to shape resource management and the development process. While academic focus has been on the analysis of national development, there is a paucity of academic studies on the internal dynamics at the regional level that shape the development process. This study therefore aims to: “examine the effect of oil resources on Nigeria’s development and the South-South compared with the situation in the South-West”, with an explicit focus on the complex nexus between oil, politics and regional development in Nigeria. The thesis adopts both methodological and theoretical triangulation to generate data to test the main and supporting hypothesis adopted for the study: “the oil industry has had an adverse impact on the development of Nigeria, and, in particular, the Niger Delta region in which it is concentrated”. In so doing, it explores the failure of oil politics to mix effectively to engender both national and regional development; leading to a regional development disparity. The study concludes that oil wealth failed to fuel development in Nigeria but instead, led to leadership failure. This failure is particularly found to have given vent to the negative impact of oil wealth on elite behaviour that is shaped by corruption, made worse by a dis-functional federal system where those with links major ethnic groups, get resource allocation and development advantage. The study consequently recommends that elite induced oil politics and attendant corruption, be tackled to pave way for both national and regional development in Nigeria. The study also recommend replication of this study in a larger scale in other oil bearing developing nations to further explore the relationship between management of resource wealth and regional development.
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Estrada, Roldan Beatriz Elena. "Neotectonic and palaeoseismological studies in the southwest of Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Environment, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0061.
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[Truncated abstract] The southwest of Western Australia is an intraplate area classified as a stable continental region. It comprises predominantly Archaean and Proterozoic geology and has generally subdued topography. The region currently experiences significant seismicity in the Southwest Seismic Zone (SWSZ), which is one of the most seismically active areas in Australia and is thought to represent the highest seismic hazard of the region. In recent years, numerous scarps, potentially related to large palaeoearthquakes have been recognised not only within the SWSZ, but also in a broader region of the southwest of Australia. Palaeoseismological investigations of two of these scarps, the Dumbleyung and the Lort River scarps, confirm their association with surface-rupturing palaeoearthquakes and indicate events with likely maximum magnitudes of ~Mw 7.0 on faults of low to medium slip rates. Two trenches across the Dumbleyung Fault scarp revealed a thrust fault in alluvial sediments with two associated earthquakes in the last ca 24-60 ka. A possible Holocene age was recognised for the last recorded earthquake event exposed in these trenches. Two trenches across the Lort River Scarp show that this feature results from thrust faulting in the weathered gneissic country rock. These trenches exposed evidence of two events in the last ca 35 ka, with a likely late Pleistocene age for the last earthquake. On both sites, the earthquakes are interpreted as associated with the last phase of fault activity, which was likely been preceded by a long period of quiescence. Assessment of the earthquake hazard associated with large earthquakes at the Dumbleyung and Lort River Faults resulted in calculated peak ground accelerations of up to 2 g in the near-fault fields. Such earthquakes would significantly affect nearby towns such as Dumbleyung, Wagin, Katanning, and Esperance, but they are unlikely to cause any significant damage in Perth. The palaeoseismological investigations show that the earthquake activity in the southwest of Western Australia is not only confined to the SWSZ, as it has been considered in previous assessments of the seismic hazard, but that there is also potential for strong earthquakes across much of the region. The seismicity in the southwest of Western Australia appears to be transient and migratory. This is suggested by the lack of local relief associated with places of current seismicity and fault scarps, the widespread distribution of the fault scarps across the region, the increase in seismicity in the SWSZ following strong recent events, and the apparent long periods of earthquake recurrence at fault sites. Accordingly, the current seismicity in the SWSZ is inferred to be transient and probably associated with stress changes produced by the recent earthquakes. '...' This uplift could be associated with dynamic topography effects resulting from processes along the plate margins. The uplift is probably enhanced by a flexural response of the lithosphere to local differential loads and density contrast along the southern margin, a mechanism that may also help explain the occurrence of some earthquake activity. The results from this study, complemented by additional palaeoseismological studies must be included in future probabilistic assessments of the seismic hazard of the southwest of Western Australia.
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Jones, Emlyn Morris, and emlyn jones@csiro au. "The interaction between physical and sedimentary biogeochemical processes in south-west Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Flinders University. School of the Environment, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100531.124356.
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Located in the south-west region of Spencer Gulf, South Australia, a multi-million dollar aquaculture industry based on the ranching of southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) contributes significantly to the regional economy. The interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment is of significant interest to industry stakeholders, management authorities and the broader science community. No studies, to the best of my knowledge, have investigated the relationships between the hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry of the system and the ability of the benthic ecosystem to deal with the increased loads of organic material from aquaculture activities. This thesis uses a multi-disciplinary approach combined with modern statistical techniques to explore the linkages between hydrodynamics, sediment geochemistry, sedimentary nutrient cycling and the aquaculture industry.
Modelling results have identified that swell entering the mouth of Spencer Gulf from directly south causes the greatest swell heights in the central tuna farming zone. Winds from the north-east through to south-east generate the greatest wind-wave heights in the central tuna farming zone. This is directly related to the available fetch. The energy contained in the locally generated wind waves was the same order of magnitude as that of the dissipated oceanic swells. Yet the incoming swell poses the greatest risk to aquaculture activities as the increased wave length causes swell energy to penetrate to the seafloor.
The results of this work suggest that the sediment geochemistry is tightly coupled to both the hydrodynamic regime and the buildup of silt originating from aquaculture activities. In the more exposed regions of the tuna farming zone, periodic resuspension events caused by swell propagating into the area from the Southern Ocean, resuspend fine unconsolidated sediments into the lower 10 m of the water column. This material is then advected through the region by the residual (low-frequency) currents until it settles out in areas of lower energy. This process has created two distinct provinces within the region that can either be classified as depositional or erosional.
The combined effect of wave action and tidal currents have generated a heterogeneous distribution of biogeochemical properties within the sediments. Denitrification rates were measured in these heterogeneous sediments using a novel technique based on Bayesian statistics to explicitly account for the spatial variability of the sediment biogeochemistry. The denitrification rates were found to be generally low, largely due to the lack of organic matter entering the sediments. However, adjacent to aquaculture activities, the high organic loads stimulate sedimentary denitrification, with rates reaching values of up to three orders of magnitude greater than the control sites. Denitrification efficiencies were high adjacent to the aquaculture activities, with up to 95% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen produced from the breakdown of organic matter in the sediments being removed. Variability in the denitrification efficiencies was related to the textural characteristics of the sediments, with high efficiencies in finer sediments. It is proposed that this is due to the lower permeability of these sediments restricting the advective exchange of porewater nutrients.
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Kelly, Dana, and d. kelly@uq edu au. "Power and participation: participatory resource management in south-west Queensland." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060912.165641.
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To develop a sustainable future for the rangelands, partnerships are needed partnerships between scientists, policy makers, visitors, and most significantly, the various communities of people who live and work in the rangelands. The views of these people are as variable as the country about which they care; rangeland communities are not homogeneous. The power relations between these people are at the base of many conflicts. How we handle the relationships between these groups, and manage these conflicts, are crucial for success in land management.
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The first part of this thesis reviews the history of both community participation and power theory. While participatory approaches are part of the rhetoric in Australian land management, proponents are generally naïve about the complexities of power and power relations. The philosophical literature highlights that power is a contested concept; and these divisions are epitomised by the works of Habermas and Foucault. Their writings are compared and contrasted to provide a rich understanding of power relations in community participation.
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Power relations influence whose voices are heard: those who exercise power, and the sets of rules that define what is seen as true or false at any given time in history. Power relations also determine whose knowledge is incorporated in land management policy and practice. The model proposed in this thesis demonstrates that power relations interact with every dimension of community participation: context, goals, scale, stage, who is involved, the capacity of those involved, and the methods used.
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Research was undertaken within agricultural and natural resource management programs and projects in south-west Queensland. A variety of participatory approaches are used by government agencies to encourage grazier participation and the adoption of more sustainable practices, such as Landcare, Bestprac and the regional groups, such as the South West Strategy. While government staff in south-west Queensland purport to share decision-making power with landholders, landholders tend to have different perspectives about the level of power that is being shared.
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One of the key findings of this research is that power is not static within any project. Rather, power is ultradynamic, fluid, and highly dependent on context. In terms of land management programs, the levels of power sharing fluctuate over time and between actors. The micro-physics of power, or the power relations among individuals, are often invisible to, or neglected by, the facilitators of land management programs.
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Government agencies tend to focus on the processes used, and on finding the best participatory methods, rather than on the individuals who implement the process or the individuals who participate. Greater flexibility is needed in approaches to land management; correspondingly, greater responsibility is needed from all individuals who have a stake in it. To find sustainable solutions for the rangelands and its people, all involved in participatory land management projects need to better understand the dynamics of power, so as to manage any negative effects.
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Grainger, Stephen John. "Organisational guanxi and state-owned enterprises in South-west China." University of Western Australia. Asian Studies Discipline Group, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0107.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis investigates the phenomenon of organisational guanxi in business in the SOE hotel environment in south-west China. A general aim is to give the reader a sense of how organisational guanxi operates in this environment. It identifies the characteristics and roots of organizational guanxi and discusses the significance of its operation in this environment. This thesis also analyses the implications of the continued practice of organizational guanxi and the prospects of its future as the Chinese economy continues to evolve toward a more market orientation. In Chapter One, the phenomena of guanxi, mainzi and renqing are defined and the importance of their role in conducting business in mainland China proposed. … The findings of this new research in south-west China provide conclusive evidence that in this region the guanxi network remains the lifeblood of the business community (Kao, 1993). In addition, this research throws up some conclusions that are not aligned with that of Guthrie?s (2002) Shanghai-based findings. In Chapter Nine, The Conclusion, the major findings of this thesis are revisited and include the acknowledgement and definition of organisational guanxi, the exploration of the roots of organisational guanxi inside the danwei, the differentiation of intra-organisational guanxi from inter-organisational guanxi, the definition of the concept of guanxi neglect, and a comparison of the decay in the strength and usage of guanxi in south-west China with that in the Shanghai region.
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Sanders, Hilary Patricia. "Statistical contributions to medical research in the South West Peninsula." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1872.
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The papers on which this thesis is based are the result of original research work undertaken in collaboration with healthcare researchers in the South West Peninsula. Modern healthcare research involves large scale multidisciplinary projects and the Statistician's role In these projects, from concept through design and execution to the production of published papers, is crucial. Funding bodies, and in particular the Medical Research Council (MRC), expect a Statistician to be part of the project team and the statistical input and expertise included plays a key role in determining whether or not projects are funded and are subsequently successful. The selection of papers concentrates on work in the specialty of Neurology, which forms the major part of the thesis, a trial of a complementary therapy in General Practice, work in Primary Dental Care and work in the Anaesthetics and Histopathology departments in Plymouth. Some of the papers are the outcomes resulting from NHS researchers approaching the candidate for statistical advice and assistance to support their clinical work In the South West Peninsula. Funding in 1997 enabled a small group of Statisticians In Plymouth to set up a Statistical Support Service for researchers in health care across the South West Peninsula. Clinical researchers have taken the opportunity to consult a statistician with regard to the design, execution, analysis and reporting of their research work over the past eight years and, whilst many consultations progress the researcher's work but are not major undertakings, a sizeable proportion have developed into significant contributions to the body of knowledge In the clinical specialty. The paper reporting the results of. Phase I of a trial on the use of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis (CAMS) has become a major reference work In Neurology and also specialties where pain relief is important, such as cancer. This was a high profile project partly as a result of the nature of the treatment and partly because of the type of patients involved. Anecdotal reporting often suggests alternative therapy to treating physicians but many of these remain untested and. in the evidence-based and cost conscious world, are increasingly coming under scrutiny using a scientific approach. The nature of this particular treatment necessitated extreme caution at every stage of the trial and the candidate was part of the Thai Management Group from inception to completion. This submission also includes a paper reporting the Phase II results and a further paper on chemical markers relating to the treatment. With the emphasis on prevention in Health Care, more research is emanating from researchers in Primary Care and this is represented here by the results of a trial on the use of the common stinging nettle to treat arthritic pain in the thumb, and by work on anxiety in Dental Clinics. The remaining papers look at applications in radiology and histopathology, the laboratory based research on which clinical decisions so often depend but which frequently fails to grab the headline news. These papers represent just some of the output from my part in the developing role of the Medical Statistics group in the clinical research of the South West Peninsula.
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Bammeke, B. O. "Geochemical prospecting in a greenstone-granite complex, South West Nigeria." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636029.
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A low-density reconnaissance geochemical survey was made of the stream sediments and rocks in the Akaka/Ago-Iwoye, Egbe and Igbo-Ora districts of the southwestern basement complex, Nigeria. The areas are underlain by mainly Precambrian greenstone rocks in close association with granites, gneisses, metasediments (quartzites, quartz-mica schists) and pegmatites. Typical rain forest areas and streams are dissected by a closely and deeply developed dentritic-subdentritic drainage pattern. This study compares the three areas and includes recommendations for further prospecting. Field and mineralogical petrological evidence indicates sulphide mineralization, and geochemical trends in the amphibolites favour a tholeiitic affinity with ultrabasic igneous proliths overprinted by post-magmatic processes. The range of concentrations and geochemical characteristics of elements commonly found in rocks and sediments are reviewed. More than 350 samples were collected and analysed for 17 trace and 10 major elements by X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Analytical precision was monitored using duplicates, standards and reference materials and the statistical basis of analytical quality control examined. Computer based univariate and multivariate statistical techniques are applied to the geochemical data. Initial univariate analyses clearly establish anomalous elemental abundances. Anomalously high Mo, significant Ni and Au values are characteristic of the areas investigated. Particular geochemical patterns of single-element distribution were found. In general, multi-element associations in the sediments were similar to those discerned in the associated bed-rocks. The application of multiple regression analysis to sediments from the Egbe area revealed enhanced Cu and Ni anomalous populations which were suppressed by iron-oxide coprecipitation. R-mode analysis identified models meaningful in terms of correlation either with underlying parent rock, secondary processes of the surifical environment and mineralization. However, there are no clearly defined indications of the ore potential of the Akaka area. The fourth-factor (Au-Sr) for rock samples in the Igbo-Ora complex confirms occurrence of gold mineralization. A clear-cut association of rare-earths are shown in all the areas. The most significant findings of the present work were the identification of exploration target areas worth further investigations. Other aspects highlighted were the possibility of reliable indicator elements for ore mineralization in these areas, significant anomalies being evident in the rocks and sediments.
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Thomas, Julian Stewart. "Relations of power : the Neolithic of central south-west England." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6019/.
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This thesis argues that the traditional methods of archaeological research have had the effect of forcing the British Neolithic into a mould formed by modern western values. This orthodoxy might be challenged through the use of ethnographic material concerning the structure and operation of precapitalist societies. However, it is often the case that the variability of the ethnographic record is merely used to patch up archaeological explanations of the past. A methodology is therefore proposed in which anthropological theory is used in the construction of a model of Neolithic social relations in northwest Europe, and the archaeological evidence for the study area is used to detect contrasts with this model. It is recognised that lithic assemblages, faunal remains, mortuary practices and monuments cannot of themselves be sufficient for the development of an holistic view of a prehistoric society. Instead, each class of data can be used in much the same way as an historian might use a written text: to search for distortions and contradictions between each form of data and the general model. Having developed methodology, general theory and the European model in the first three chapters, each subregion of the study area is discussed. Subsequent chapters concern southern Wessex, the Mendip and Cotswold Hills, the Upper Thames Valley and the Avebury region. It is argued that a change can be discerned in Neolithic Europe from large social units articulated about kinship and the circulation of livestock and prestige items, to smaller communities whose external relations are more temporary and opportunistic in nature. Despite this, it is shown that in the study area considerable variability exists, seen in the settlement record, economic activities, mortuary practices and the building of monuments. This variability, it is argued, can be accounted for by variation in the social relations of production between different areas, and consequently in the forms of power and authority in operation.
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Krause, P. J. "Geomagnetic and magnetotelluric studies in the South-West of England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353997.
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Thornton, P. S. "The density and distribution of badgers in south-west England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377313.
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Boyle, Katherine V. "Upper Palaeolithic faunas of South-West France : a zoogeographical perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278353.
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Chacko, Sapna. "The potential for water freight in the South West UK." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12831.
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The role of water freight as a sustainable mode of transportation often receives special attention in logistics and transportation. Due to rising environmental concerns UK national policy supports an increase in the amount of freight movements on commercial waterways. Within this context this research investigates the potential for water freight in the South West (SW) UK especially in Cornwall and Devon (CAD). This study is exploratory and following literature searches Delphi methods were selected with which to gather primary data. The research required three rounds of Delphi surveys. Following this, a focus group with the members of the 'Maritime and Waterborne Innovation Group' in the SW UK was conducted to measure the trustworthiness of the Delphi findings. The Delphi study achieved consensus on eight statements. Results indicated that the presence of an extensive coast line with accessibility to several coastal ports is conducive to the effective management of water freight movements in the region. The focus group discussion provided fuller explanations, suggestions and statements of issues which require further exploration for the development of water freight. This study reveals the latest information and possibilities and helped to articulate the importance of using water freight in SW UK. The results of this research also have many implications for the rest of the world where water freight is either in its infancy or aiming to increase its usage. The suggestions, observations and information collected during the Delphi study and from the focus group participants will assist in formulating strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water transportation within a region or a country.
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Turner, Samuel Charles. "Christianity and the landscape of early medieval south-west Britain." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9848/.
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Jacobsson, Piotr. "Improving the 14C dating of south-west Scottish wetland sites." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7231/.
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This thesis discusses the adaptation of the wiggle-match dating technique and Bayesian chronological models to the practicalities of dating timbers from Iron Age Scottish wetland sites, with a focus on the area between the firths of the rivers Clyde and Solway. Wiggle-match dating technique relies on taking measurements from a sequence with an estimated, or known deposition rate, such as timbers, and fitting the resultant time series to an established calibration curve. Bayesian modelling entails combining various forms of information about the material dated to obtain a more comprehensive chronological understanding. These techniques are relevant to Iron Age wetland settlement in Scotland due to the lack of other methods that could produce high-precision dates on a routine basis; too few timbers from Scottish wetlands produce absolute dendrochronological dates and ordinary radiocarbon calibrations tend to have low precision during the period 750-200 BC, which covers the formative stages of both the Scottish Iron Age and wetland settlement tradition. Effective use of the wiggle-match dating technique requires attention to aspects of technique, its practical implementation and suitable research design. As far as technical aspects are concerned, the work conducted within this thesis demonstrated the need to match the length of sample blocks of wood with the length of the measurements underpinning the calibration curve. Furthermore, presence of small offsets between the calibration curve and the actual past trend of radiocarbon has been identified; while these offsets have minimal impact on most radiocarbon applications, the wiggle-match dating technique is sensitive to them and hence conscious decisions need to be made at the stage of research design to avoid systematic bias in the results. Aspects of practical implementation have been explored through wiggle-match dating studies at four sites: Black Loch of Myrton, Cults Loch 3, Dumbuck and Erskine Crannog. Results demonstrate that even on the most challenging parts of the calibration curve wiggle-match dating can succeed in producing modelled date ranges of less than 100 years and that, on more favourable parts of the curve, it can be used to aid the resolution of questions regarding site formation processes. Moreover, these case studies highlighted a number of practical issues such as propensity of decayed rings to produce radiocarbon results biased towards older ages. Efficient use of wiggle-match dating in archaeological contexts requires not only the technical and practical capacity, but also a strategic framework within which the methodology is to be employed. While the nature of this framework depends on the interpretations the researcher is interested in, this thesis suggests a focus on developing linkage between different sites, both wetland and terrestrial, so that the well-preserved deposits become informative of not only a single site, but also shed light on the local and regional developments.
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Kelly, Dana. "Power and participation : participatory resource management in south-west Queensland /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060912.165641/index.html.
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Just, Michael. "Seed morphology, dormancy and germination of South-West Australian Ericaceae." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2051.
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The Ericaceae in South West Australia contains species with difficult to germinate seeds, including many species with deep intractable dormancy. A better understanding of seed biology and species specific dormancy, and germination mechanisms is required to overcome these difficulties. Land clearing, salinity and disease has resulted in over 125 species within 15 genera being listed as rare, highly restricted, threatened and endangered (Western Australian Herbarium 1998–). The present study examined the seed biology of eight species of Ericaceae native to Western Australia, exploring fruit and seed morphology, dormancy and germination. Cold and warm stratification was used in combination with gibberellic acid to classify dormancy. Among the two distinct fruit types that occur within the Ericaceae separate patterns of dormancy were found. Seeds held within a dehiscent capsule were found to possess non-deep and intermediate physiological dormancy whilst those within an indehiscent drupe possessed physiological and morphophysiological dormancy. Oxygen and nitric oxide enriched atmospheres, removal of seeds from endocarps and propagation from cuttings provided potential avenues for the propagation of study species.
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Chaphatso, Motswantweng Ephraim. "The community response to the demarcation of the Merafong Municipality into the North West Province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3489.
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This study was undertaken to describe how the community responded to the incorporation of the Merafong Municipality into the North West Province. The study examined the protracted conflict in Khutsong as well as why the strategies to end the conflict failed. The study was concerned about latent conflict; how differences are raised; dissatisfaction amongst members of the communities and that power asymmetry is the main driver of emotions leading to aggressive behaviour. Service delivery protests are characterised by violence in South Africa and more often communities turn violent in their engagement with their leaders or council officials. This is because it is believed that violence is the only language that authorities understand and they have nothing to lose as government property gets destroyed. Late invitations of third parties who have regulatory skills (negotiations, mediation, conciliation or judicial processes) when conflicts begin, lead to their escalation. A qualitative research method was chosen for this study. A qualitative case study better explained the phenomenon of interest. It allowed me to collect data from the respondents who were active members of the community through interviews. Twelve members of the community (from politicians, ordinary members, educators and the clergy) were part of the respondents. The report was of the respondents own personal experiences as active members of the community. Collected data from the transcripts was coded. Codes with similar meaning were put together in the same categories and the themes were formed from the categories. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyse the data. From the analysis, it emerged that there was lack of communication and consultation from the side of the government before the implementation of the 16th Amendment Bill which was aimed at removing the cross border municipalities. The announcement was finally made of the incorporation of the Merafong Municipality into North West Province in 2005. The announcement was met with anger and frustration by the Khutsong Demarcation Forum and the community whose expectations were that the incorporation will not go ahead given the reasons they put forth when they met the government officials in the meetings after the demarcation board had proposed it. Violence was the only option for the community to show that their talks with government officials failed and that they are seriously opposed to the incorporation. That led to a protracted violence in Khutsong until 2009 when the Cross-Boundary Municipalities Laws Repeal and Related Matters Amendment Act of 2009 act was passed to reincorporate the Merafong Municipality back into Gauteng.
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McLean, Diane Lynn. "Indigenous Tswana architecture: with specific reference to the Tshidi Rolong village at Mafikeng." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007600.
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This essay is divided roughly into two main sections; in the first I have discussed the Tswana as a whole, their environment, their origins and their more recent history. In addition to this, I have tried to give a clear picture of their tribal political structure and economic activities, as well as their domestic activities, all of which are integrally linked to the kind of house form adopted by the Tswana. The last, and most important, part of the first section is a presentation of some of the earliest written descriptions of Tswana dwellings made by the first white travellers to enter Tswana territory. The second section takes the form of a presentation of findings observed during the course of personal field research undertaken in the Tshidi-Rolong village outside Mafikeng. This research was done by means of a number of questionnaires drawn up by myself and filled in on the spot with information supplied by house owners and sometimes the builders themselves. This survey was carried out largely at random, with several of the houses chosen arbitrarily because of an interesting feature which set them apart from other dwellings. This written information is backed up by a large bulk of visual information in the form of photographs taken personally, both of the dwellings in general, and of details of the houses. Although this essay may appear to be rather fragmented, my aim is to give a graphic account of changes in Tswana dwellings by comparing features of contemporary dwellings with those observed in the early nineteenth century. The fact that among the Tswana , the building style of one sub-tribe may vary slightly from that of another subtribe, has not affected my study to any large extent , since I was fortunate enough to have done my field research among a branch of one of the original groups, namely the Rolong, whose houses, along with those of the Tlhaping, were the first to be documented. Therefore, most of the differences which have occurred between the dwellings of the contemporary Tshidi-Rolong and those from the early nineteenth century are a direct result of the process of westernisation.
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Horsnell, Tara Kathleen. "Quantifying thresholds for native vegetation to salinity and waterlogging for the design of direct conservation approaches." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0082.
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A field-based project was undertaken to develop and test a mechanism which would allow for the correlation of the health of vegetation surrounding playa lakes in south-west Australia with the natural variation in salinity and waterlogging that occurs spatially and temporally in natural systems. The study was designed to determine threshold ranges of vegetation communities using moderately extensive data over short temporal periods which will guide the design of potential engineering solutions that manipulate hydrological regimes to ultimately conserve and protect native vegetation. A pair of playa lake ecosystems, surrounded by primary production land, was modelled with hydro-geological data collected from March 2006 to March 2007. The data was used to determine the hydroperiods of vegetation communities fringing playa lakes and provide insight into the areas and species that are most affected by extreme rainfall events which are hypothesised to have a significant, rapid deleterious effect on the ecosystems. The methodology was multi-faceted and included; a detailed topographical survey; vegetation surveys; hydrological and hydro-geological monitoring over a 12 month period. 4 The hydro-geological data and vegetation data was linked with the topographical survey at a high resolution for spatial analysis in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the degree of waterlogging experienced by vegetation communities over the monitoring period. The study has found that the spatial and temporal variability of hydroperiods has been reduced by rising groundwater levels, a result of extensive clearing of native vegetation. Consequently populations are becoming extinct locally resulting in a shift in community composition. Extreme summer rainfall events also have a significant impact on the health of vegetation communities by increasing the duration of waterlogging over an annual cycle and in some areas expanding the littoral zone. Vegetation is most degraded at lower positions in the landscape where communities are becoming less diverse and dominated by salt tolerant halophytic species as a result of altered hydrological regimes. Some species appear to be able to tolerate groundwater depths of less than 2.0 m from the surface, however there are thresholds related to the duration at which groundwater is maintained at this depth. Potential engineering solutions include groundwater pumping and diverting water through drains to maintain sustainable hydroperiods for vegetation in areas with conservation value. The effectiveness and efficiency of the engineering solutions can be maximised by quantifying thresholds for vegetation that include sustainable durations of waterlogging. The study has quantified tolerance ranges to salinity and waterlogging with data collected over 12 months but species may be experiencing a transition period where they have 5 sustained irreversible damage that will result in their eventual mortality. With long-term monitoring, the methodology developed and tested in the study can be used to quantify the long-term tolerance ranges that are important for the application of conservation approaches that include engineering solutions.
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Zemler, Jeffrey Allen. "Southern Attitudes Toward the West, 1783 to 1803." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68069/.
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This dissertation argues that the strong relationship that historians see between the South and West in the early 19th century, which allowed them to form what scholars have termed the Old South, had its origins in the twenty-year period after the American Revolution when a group of far-sighted southerners worked to form a political bond between the two regions. They did so by tirelessly defending the West and westerners against political and economic attacks, often from northerners but sometimes from people within their own region. Within the ongoing debate over the emergence of a southern consciousness, historians have overlooked one important factor in its development-the West. Although it would be incorrect to argue that southern consciousness began in the 1780s or 1790s, it would not be remiss to argue that southerners began to look at the trans-Appalachian West during this period as something more than just virgin territory. A few southerners, particularly James Madison, saw the South's political future entwined with the West's advancement and worked to ensure that a strong political relationship developed between the two regions. For people like Madison, this political merger of the two sections is what they meant when they talked about a "southern and western interest." Historians should be careful not to take the close relationship present in the nineteenth century between the South and the trans-Appalachian West for granted. Although the two regions shared many interests, family and slavery being just two, the close relationship that developed happened because of the hard work and dedication of a handful of forward-looking southerners in the late eighteenth century. The history of these two regions during this twenty-year period is far more complicated than historians have imagined and described.
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Nkashe, Esther. "Language and social services in rural North West the status of Setswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002165.
Full textAbstract:
This study seeks to support the thesis that African indigenous languages in South Africa should enjoy equal treatment in terms of the South African Constitution. Therefore, it will explore and find ways and means of how the South African government can reach out to rural communities with inadequate English proficiency, in an English-dominated South Africa, by breaking down the existing language barriers and curbing social inequalities. Language rights, like any other human rights, should be protected, as enshrined in the new democratic Constitution of South Africa.
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Ambrose, Fossoh Fonge. "Plantations and national development : a case study of plantation agriculture in the socio-economic and spatial development of the S.W. Province of Cameroon." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63334.
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