To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: South Pacific Island States.
Journal articles on the topic 'South Pacific Island States'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'South Pacific Island States.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Weber, Eberhard. "Envisioning South-South relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands - past, present and futures." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0009-z.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change poses severe threats to developing countries. Scientists predict entire states (e.g. Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Maldives) will become inhabitable. People living in these states have to resettle to other countries. Media and politicians warn that climate change will trigger migration flows in dimensions unknown to date. It is feared that millions from developing countries overwhelm developed societies and increase pressures on anyway ailing social support systems destabilizing societies and becoming a potential source of conflict.Inhabitants of Pacific Islandsahave been mobile since the islands were first settled not longer than 3,500 years ago. Since then people moved around, expanded their reach, and traded with neighbouring tribes (and later countries). With the event of European powers in the 15thcentury independent mobility became restricted after the beginning of the 19thcentury. From the second half of the 19thcentury movements of people predominately served economic interests of colonial powers, in particular a huge colonial appetite for labour. After independence emigration from Pacific Island countries continued to serve economic interest of metropolitan countries at the rim of the Pacific Ocean, which are able to direct migration flows according to their economic requirements.If climate change resettlements become necessary in big numbers then Pacific Islanders do not want to become climate change refugees. To include environmental reasons in refugee conventions is not what Pacific Islanders want. They want to migrate in dignity, if it becomes unavoidable to leave their homes. There are good reasons to solve the challenges within Pacific Island societies and do not depend too much on metropolitan neighbours at the rim of the Pacific such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. To rise to the challenge requires enhanced Pan-Pacific Island solidarity and South-South cooperation. This then would result in a reduction of dependencies. For metropolitan powers still much can be done in supporting capacity building in Pacific Island countries and helping the economies to proposer so that climate change migrants easier can be absorbed by expanding labour markets in Pacific Island countries.
2
Aldrich, Robert. "The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands." Itinerario 24, no. 3-4 (November 2000): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014558.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.
3
Yue, Hongfei. "China contributes to the ISID in Pacific Island Countries." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 2254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v11i1.4335.
Full textAbstract:
As we know, the Small Island Developing States face special challenges to their development. This is particularly true for the Pacific Island States, scattered as they are over a huge area of ocean.More specifically, the 22 Pacific Island countries are scattered over one third of the globe (thirty million sq. km. mostly ocean). The total population of the South Pacific excluding Australia and New Zealand is about 8 million; half of which reside in Papua New Guinea.Many stakeholders have been involving in assisting the development of Pacific Island Countries for a long time. In recent years, China has become one of the active players in the inclusive and sustainable development of Pacific Island Countries.
4
Mc Shine, Nkese D., Ricardo M. Clarke, Silvio Gualdi, Antonio Navarra, and Xsitaaz T. Chadee. "Influences of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on Rainy Season Precipitation for the Southernmost Caribbean Small Island State, Trinidad." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110707.
Full textAbstract:
Seasonal rainfall in the Caribbean Basin is known to be modulated by sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and particularly those in the Equatorial Pacific and Atlantic and the Tropical North Atlantic. However, little is known about how these major oceans influence the seasonal precipitation of individual small island states within the region as climate variability at the island-scale may differ from the Caribbean as a whole. Correlation and composite analyses were determined using monthly rainfall data for the southernmost island of the Caribbean, Trinidad, and an extended area of global SSTAs. In addition to the subregions that are known to modulate Caribbean rainfall, our analyses show that sea surface temperatures (SSTs) located in the subtropical South Pacific, the South Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico also have weak (r2 < 0.5) yet significant influences on the islands’ early rainy season (ERS) and late rainy season (LRS) precipitation. Composite maps confirm that the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico show significant SSTAs in December–January–February (DJF) and March–April–May (MAM) prior to the ERS and the LRS. Statistical models for seasonal forecasting of rainfall at the island scale could be improved by using the SSTAs of the Pacific and Atlantic subregions identified in this study.
5
Corrin, Jennifer. "Searching for appropriate criminal evidence laws in the South Pacific." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 21, no. 3 (November 22, 2016): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712716677840.
Full textAbstract:
Most island states in the South Pacific have inherited a common law legal system as a consequence of their colonial history. After independence only a few of these countries have been active in replacing or amending the inherited laws. In the field of evidence, many countries are still reliant on introduced statutes from the 19th century. Commencing with a brief outline of legal systems in the small island states of the South Pacific, this article moves on to identify the legislation which governs criminal evidence in a representative sample of countries from Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. It explains the complexities of this exercise in countries which still rely in whole or in part on legislation introduced during the colonial era. The article then moves on to discuss the application of the common law and the extent to which South Pacific courts have developed their own jurisprudence in this area. It considers how far these countries have come in developing their own rules of criminal evidence. The article concludes with a discussion of whether the prevailing criminal evidence laws are suitable for the circumstances of South Pacific island countries.
6
Connell, John, and Richard P. C. Brown. "Migration and Remittances in the South Pacific: Towards New Perspectives." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400101.
Full textAbstract:
For more than a quarter of a century there has been substantial emigration from the smaller island states of the Pacific to metropolitan fringe states, mainly the United States, New Zealand and Australia. Migration reduced unemployment in the island states and remittances have contributed to raised living standards. There has been some shift of remittances from consumption to investment. Communal remittances are of greater significance than in other world regions. There is a high propensity to sustain remittance flows over long periods of time at some cost to the senders. The duration and magnitude of migration, the remittance flows and their considerable social and economic consequences in a range of contexts has demonstrated the need for much more attention to be given, in terms of both studies and policy formation, to the role of migration and remittances in economic and social development in the Pacific region.
7
Brooks, B. T. "The Significance of the South Pacific for Comparative Studies in Labour Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v26i2.6173.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, Professor Brooks traces the introduction of labour law into the South Pacific island states and its development there. He considers the richness of the subject for interdisciplinary and comparative study, and indicates labour law as fertile ground for an investigation into the tensions in the Pacific states between tradition and modernisation.
8
Garin, Artyom A. "Official Development Assistance as an Aspect of the Australia-China Competition in the South Pacific." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 4(49) (2020): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-4-49-193-205.
Full textAbstract:
Due to China's increasing involvement in South Pacific, there is a growing interest on the part of the middle and great powers in providing the Pacific island States with an increasing amount of material assistance. With its unique geographical location, as well as numerous initiatives in the humanitarian, trade, economic and defence areas, Australia's influence is reinforced by its status as the major ODA source in Oceania. At the same time, despite Australia's clear advantage in providing ODA to South Pacific states, the region is attracting an increasing number of countries aimed at providing ODA to South Pacific countries, especially China.
9
Loo, Tze M. "Islands for an Anxious Empire: Japan’s Pacific Island Mandate." American Historical Review 124, no. 5 (December 1, 2019): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz1013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A century after the victorious Allied powers distributed their spoils of victory in 1919, the world still lives with the geopolitical consequences of the mandates system established by the League of Nations. The Covenant article authorizing the new imperial dispensation came cloaked in the old civilizationist discourse, entrusting sovereignty over “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world” to the “advanced nations” of Belgium, England, France, Japan, and South Africa. In this series of AHR “reflections” on the mandates, ten scholars of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the international order consider the consequences of the new geopolitical order birthed by World War I. How did the reshuffling of imperial power in the immediate postwar period configure long-term struggles over minority rights, decolonization, and the shape of nation-states when the colonial era finally came to a close? How did the alleged beneficiaries—more often the victims—of this “sacred trust” grasp their own fates in a world that simultaneously promised and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today.
10
Rao, Maheshwar. "Challenges and Issues for Tourism in the South Pacific Island States: The Case of the Fiji Islands." Tourism Economics 8, no. 4 (December 2002): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298205.
Full textAbstract:
The paper identifies and analyses challenges and issues facing the tourism industry in the most developed South Pacific island state, the Fiji Islands. Many of the challenges identified can be attributed to the interplay among historical factors and events, and the vested interests associated with them. The colonization of Fiji, the historical role of foreign capital in its growth and development, the conflicting socio-economic and political demands of the two major ethnic groups (the indigenous Fijians and immigrant Indo-Fijians), the issue of property rights, and more recently the coups of 1987 and 2000 and the resultant political instability are discussed in relation to the growth and development of the tourism industry. The author also discusses the impact of the coups on the tourism industry and the role of private–public partnerships in the industry's recovery following the coups.
11
Robson, Alan. "REVIEW: Vibrant, stimulating view of region's nationalism, media." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 2, no. 1 (November 1, 1995): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v2i1.558.
Full textAbstract:
Review of: Blood on their Banner: Nationalist Struggles in the South Pacific, by David Robie. London, Zed Books, 1989; Sydney: Pluto Press, 1990; Manila: Malaya Books, 1991.
Events in recent years in the South Pacific have dispelled hitherto widely held perceptions of the region as a peacefully modernising backwater of traditional societies. In particular, the 1987 coups in Fiji galvanised the attention of politicians and academics. But in truth, this was just one of a series of crises besetting South Pacific island states. David Robie's Blood on their Banner goes beyond the many accounts focusing on the Fiji coups to link together a range of events under the rubric of responses to colonialism and the emergence of Pacific nationalism. His credentials for doing this are excellent.
12
Chasek, Pamela S. "Margins of Power: Coalition Building and Coalition Maintenance of the South Pacific Island States and the Alliance of Small Island States." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 14, no. 2 (August 2005): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2005.00433.x.
Full text
13
Grydehøj, Adam, Sasha Davis, Rui Guo, and Huan Zhang. "Silk Road archipelagos: Islands of the Belt and Road Initiative." Island Studies Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.137.
Full textAbstract:
The concept behind the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI; formerly ‘One Belt, One Road’) began to take shape in 2013. Since then, this Chinese-led project has become a major plank in China’s foreign relations. The BRI has grown from its basis as a vision of interregional connectivity into a truly global system, encompassing places—including many island states, territories, and cities—from the South Pacific to the Arctic, from East Africa to the Caribbean, from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean. Islands and archipelagos are particularly prominent in the BRI’s constituent 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and Polar Silk Road or Ice Silk Road projects, but little scholarly attention has been paid to how the BRI relates to islands per se. This special section of Island Studies Journal includes nine papers on islands and the BRI, concerning such diverse topics as geopolitics, international law and territorial disputes, sustainability and climate change adaptation, international relations of autonomous island territories, development of outer island communities, tourism and trade, and relational understandings of archipelagic networks. Taken together, these papers present both opportunities and risks, challenges and ways forward for the BRI and how this project may impact both China and island and archipelago states and territories.
14
Barton, George P. "Legal Resource Needs in Small States (Commonwealth Pacific Jurisdictions)." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 30, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v30i2.6007.
Full textAbstract:
This report by Dr Barton was the result of a survey of the legal resource needs of small Commonwealth states in the Pacific commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat in 1979. Dr Barton spent a month and a half visiting the 8 nation states between May and October of 1979. The terms of reference focussed on obtaining a factually based profile of the legal-constitutional needs of each state and are reflected in the various sections of the report. In particular, the terms of referencedirected Dr Barton to "examine ways in which the special legal requirements of these jurisdictions may most effectively and efficiently be met bearing in mind the limited resources available and seeking to make maximum use of assistance which it might be possible to arrange from other institutions ifor example, from university law faculties) and in close collaboration with existing regional institutions in the Pacific". In response to this Dr Barton suggests, among other things, aregional legal unit to serve the area, a suggestion which still has relevance today. Although Dr Barton's ideas for a regional advice unit were never implemented it is significant that a Pacific Law Unit for training purposes was established in Vanuatu with Commonwealth Secretariat and New Zealand Government support and latterly a regional law school has been established in Vanuatu by the University of South Pacific. In particular his comment that "in newly independent territories the need for legislative texts that are both up-to-date and readily available is particularly urgent" found a response in Victoria University Law Faculty based legislation master lists (Samoa, Solomon Islands) and in consolidated collections for Cook Islands, Niue, Norfolk Island and Tokelau.
15
Michalena, Evanthie, and Jeremy M. Hills. "Paths of renewable energy development in small island developing states of the South Pacific." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (February 2018): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.017.
Full text
16
Morrison, R. J., and A. J. Munro. "Waste Management in the Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific: An Overview." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 6, no. 4 (January 1999): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.1999.10648474.
Full text
17
Fielding, David. "Aid and Dutch Disease in the South Pacific and in Other Small Island States." Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 5 (May 2010): 918–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220381003623855.
Full text
18
Groves, Eric. "Do the Pacific Islands still need a Regional University?" Journal of Samoan Studies Volume 10 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47922/sxtw3491.
Full textAbstract:
This article offers some background on a current issue in Pacific regionalism with reference to the problems of the University of the South Pacific (USP). The South Pacific region’s greatest assets are its people. The development of the region depends greatly on the education and training of its people. Training and education are important at all levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), particularly higher education. Higher education in the South Pacific region emerged after the post-World War II and independence movement period. This started with the University of Papua New Guinea being the first official institution of higher learning to be established in the South Pacific region. Its establishment paved the way for the founding of the USP which was designed to cater to the higher education needs of 14 Pacific Island states excluding Papua New Guinea. The formation of the USP meant that the member nations within the sphere of its coverage were not able to develop their own national institutions of higher learning due to the funding model of the USP donors. This was until Samoa went against the grain and established the National University of Samoa which triggered the emergence of national institutions of higher learning throughout the region
19
Foster, John. "The Relationship between Remittances and Savings in Small Pacific Island States: Some Econometric Evidence." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400106.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between remittances and savings is examined for Tonga and Western Samoa using an econometric modelling approach. Savings deposits of various types held in banks in these countries are modelled and evidence is discovered of a strong relationship with the income level of migrants. Remittances are also found to be interest sensitive. The implications of the results for the “remittance decay” hypothesis are considered and preliminary conclusions are drawn with regard to the feasibility of introducing strategies to increase migrant saving flows into these and other South Pacific countries.
20
Reaves, Erik J., Michael Termini, and Frederick M. Burkle. "Reshaping US Navy Pacific Response in Mitigating Disaster Risk in South Pacific Island Nations: Adopting Community-Based Disaster Cycle Management." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13009138.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe US Department of Defense continues to deploy military assets for disaster relief and humanitarian actions around the world. These missions, carried out through geographically located Combatant Commands, represent an evolving role the US military is taking in health diplomacy, designed to enhance disaster preparedness and response capability. Oceania is a unique case, with most island nations experiencing “acute-on-chronic” environmental stresses defined by acute disaster events on top of the consequences of climate change. In all Pacific Island nation-states and territories, the symptoms of this process are seen in both short- and long-term health concerns and a deteriorating public health infrastructure. These factors tend to build on each other. To date, the US military's response to Oceania primarily has been to provide short-term humanitarian projects as part of Pacific Command humanitarian civic assistance missions, such as the annual Pacific Partnership, without necessarily improving local capacity or leaving behind relevant risk-reduction strategies. This report describes the assessment and implications on public health of large-scale humanitarian missions conducted by the US Navy in Oceania. Future opportunities will require the Department of Defense and its Combatant Commands to show meaningful strategies to implement ongoing, long-term, humanitarian activities that will build sustainable, host nation health system capacity and partnerships. This report recommends a community-centric approach that would better assist island nations in reducing disaster risk throughout the traditional disaster management cycle and defines a potential and crucial role of Department of Defense's assets and resources to be a more meaningful partner in disaster risk reduction and community capacity building.ReavesEJ,TerminiM,BurkleFMJr.Reshaping US Navy Pacific response in mitigating disaster risk in South Pacific Island nations: adopting community-based disaster cycle management.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(1):1-9.
21
Hatanaka, Sachiko. "The dilemma of the South Pacific islands : states, tradition, ethnicity." Journal de la Société des océanistes 92, no. 1 (1991): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jso.1991.2908.
Full text
22
Kaye, Stuart. "Assessing the Impact of the South China Sea Arbitration on Small Island States: A Case Study of Kiribati." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 778–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-23441024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Annex VII Tribunal in the South China Sea Arbitration placed a high threshold on States seeking to claim an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around small features. The implications of such an interpretation are potentially significant for the maritime jurisdiction of a number of States, particularly in the Pacific. This article considers the implications of the decision of the Tribunal, and applies it to Kiribati as a case study. It also considers possible ways States may minimize the risk associated with the Tribunal’s interpretation.
23
Aqorau, Transform, and Anthony Bergin. "The Federated States Of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 12, no. 1 (1997): 37–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180897x00121.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe small island states of the South Pacific have been developing innovative legal and administrative mechanisms to manage the vast tuna resource in the exclusive economic zones. These are aimed primarily at controlling and regulating the activities of foreign fishing vessels which account for 90 per cent of the tuna catch taken in the region. The short-term objective of these island states is to control the activities of these foreign fishing vessels. Their long-term goal, however, is to develop their own domestic tuna industries. In 1995, the Federated States of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access entered into force. This Arrangement establishes a framework for vessels that bring quantifiable economic benefits to be given preferential access to the parties' EEZs. This article reviews the Arrangement and argues that it has the potential to form the basis of a new co-operative relationship between the island states and distant water fishing nations.
24
Farran, Sue. "Children of the Pacific: Giving effect to Article 3 UNCRC in small island states." International Journal of Children's Rights 20, no. 2 (2012): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x622196.
Full textAbstract:
While children are universal, recognising and giving practical effect to their rights is not. Compliance with international obligations under the UNCRC imposes considerable demands on small developing nations, such as those found in the south Pacific region, where children make up over a third of the total population of many island states. Focussing on criminal and family law this paper considers how the local courts are engaging with the Convention and the challenges which arise in plural legal systems characterised by lack of legal reform and lack of resources, in which the contemporary experience of traditional social ordering may value children but not necessarily see them as right holders.
25
Ross, Ken. "Asia and the security of the South Pacific's Island states." Survival 38, no. 3 (September 1996): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396339608442868.
Full text
26
Robie, David, and Sarika Chand. "Bearing Witness 2016: A Fiji climate change journalism case study." Pacific Journalism Review 23, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.257.
Full textAbstract:
In February 2016, the Fiji Islands were devastated by Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston, the strongest recorded tropical storm in the Southern Hemisphere. The category 5 storm with wind gusts reaching 300 kilometres an hour, left 44 people dead, 45,000 people displaced, 350,000 indirectly affected, and $650 million worth of damage (Climate Council, 2016). In March 2017, the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) launched a new 10-year Strategic Plan 2017-2026, which regards climate change as a ‘deeply troubling issue for the environmental, economic, and social viability of Pacific island countries and territories’. In November, Fiji will co-host the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP23) climate change conference in Bonn, Germany. Against this background, the Pacific Media Centre despatched two neophyte journalists to Fiji for a two-week field trip in April 2016 on a ‘bearing witness’ journalism experiential assignment to work in collaboration with the Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD) and the Regional Journalism Programme at the University of the South Pacific. This paper is a case study assessing this climate change journalism project and arguing for the initiative to be funded for a multiple-year period in future and to cover additional Pacific countries, especially those so-called ‘frontline’ climate change states.
27
Oliver, Selma. "A New Challenge to International Law: The Disappearance of the Entire Territory of a State." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 2 (2009): 209–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181109x427743.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe physical disappearance of a state's entire territory is an event forecasted to happen as a result of sea-level rise, affecting some of the smallest nation states in the world, primarily islands in the South Pacific. The focus of this article is on the human rights of the inhabitants of the disappearing states when they are forced to relocate.
28
Barde, Robert, and Gustavo J. Bobonis. "Detention at Angel Island." Social Science History 30, no. 1 (2006): 103–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013407.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1910 and 1940 the Angel Island Immigration Station was the primary port of entry for Asians into the United States, the place of enforcement of the Chinese Exclusion Act and other anti-Asian immigration policies. Even in the absence of substantiating data, it is frequently asserted that almost all entering Chinese were detained at Angel Island and that they were detained for weeks, months, even years. This article presents the first empirical evidence on how long people arriving at San Francisco were detained at the Angel Island Immigration Station. The use of newly discovered data on passengers of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company (PMSS) for the period 1913-19 adds an empirical basis to our understanding of how immigration laws were administered in classifying and detaining aliens seeking to enter the United States, which arrivals were detained at Angel Island, and for how long. Results show that many Chinese were not detained at all; there was great variation in length of detention for Chinese who were detained; only some of this variation can be explained by the type of “exempt” status claimed for admission under the Chinese exclusion laws; Japanese arrivals had an even higher incidence of detention; and many detainees were either non-Asian, had come on ships from Central or South America, or were not “immigrants” at all.
29
von Seggern, Janne. "Understandings, Practices and Human-Environment Relationships—A Meta-Ethnographic Analysis of Local and Indigenous Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Selected Pacific Island States." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010011.
Full textAbstract:
Local and Indigenous knowledge systems worldwide indicate adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change. Particularly in regions that are massively affected by climatic changes, such as the Pacific Island States, there is a need for increased and combined research on the role which these knowledge systems can play internationally. For this reason, this article provides a synthesis of empirical results and approaches to local and Indigenous climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in selected South Pacific Island States by using a meta-ethnographic approach. The reviewed literature is associated with the sub-disciplinary perspective of the Anthropology of Climate Change. The results of the meta-ethnographic analysis are discussed based on three thematic focal points: First, the empirical ground of local understandings of climate change and its theoretical conceptualization(s) are constituted. Second, the results of practices for adaptation to climate change are synthesized and presented in detail throughout one example. Third, the synthesis of climate change mitigation practices is outlined with a specific focus on human-environment relationships.
30
Pierre-Louis, Randy Carlie, Md Abdul Kader, Nandakumar M. Desai, and Eleanor H. John. "Potentiality of Vermicomposting in the South Pacific Island Countries: A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090876.
Full textAbstract:
Incorporation of vermin culture in the composting system produces “vermicompost”, an enriched biofertilizer known to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. It is applied in granular form and/or in liquid solution (vermiwash), and in both open fields and greenhouses. Vermicompost has been shown to contain plant growth hormones, which stimulate seed germination and improve crop yield, the ‘marketability’ of products, plant physiology, and their ability to fight against disease. In recent years, South Pacific island countries (SPICs) have placed an increasing emphasis on the importance of organic agricultural practices as a means of achieving more sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. However, vermiculture is not practiced in South Pacific island countries (SPICs) largely due to the lack of awareness of this type of application. We consider the inclusion of vermiculture in this region as a potential means of achieving sustainable organic agricultural practices. This study represents a systematic review in which we collect relevant information on vermicomposting and analyze the applicability of this practice in the SPICs based on these nations’ physical, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions. The tropical climate of the SPICs means that they meet the combined requirements of a large available biomass for composting and the availability of earthworms. Perionyx excavatus and Pontoscolex corethrurus have been identified as potential native earthworm species for vermicomposting under the conditions of the SPICs. Eisenia fetida, a well-known earthworm species, is also effectively adapted to this region and reported to be an efficient species for commercial vermicomposting. However, as a new input into the local production system, there may be unforeseen barriers in the initial stages, as with other advanced technologies, and the introduction of vermiculture as a practice requires a steady effort and adaptive research to achieve success. Further experimental research is required to analyze the productivity and profitability of using the identified native earthworm species for vermiculture using locally available biomass in the SPICs.
31
Granja-Fernández, Rebeca, Brenda Maya-Alvarado, Amílcar-L. Cupul-Magaña, A. Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso, Francisco-A. Solís-Marín, and Rosa-C. Sotelo-Casas. "Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from the Central Mexican Pacific." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.1 (March 23, 2021): 219–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46356.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The echinoderms from the Central Mexican Pacific are of high scientific interest and, prior to this present work, there was a lack of basic information that included incomplete checklists with inconsistencies in systematics and spatial distribution. Objective: To provide a historical review, and an updated checklist with a more complete richness of echinoderms for each state and island of the region. Methods: A checklist was elaborated based on an exhaustive literature search of the Echinodermata, and was complemented with taxonomical revisions of Ophiuroidea scientific collections. All the geographical coordinates of the records were validated. Results: The region harbors 187 species of Echinodermata: three Crinoidea, 35 Asteroidea, 67 Ophiuroidea, 32 Echinoidea, and 50 Holothuroidea. We detected 52 records in the literature that must be considered as invalid and five as doubtful. We provide 16 new records of Ophiuroidea from different states and islands; of them, four are new records for the region. Jalisco presented the highest number of species (84), followed by the coast of Nayarit (74), Michoacán (63), and Colima (55); among the islands, Revillagigedo showed the major number of species (85) followed by Marías (81), Marietas (48), and Isabel (44). Conclusions: The numbers of species known in the region are mostly related to both sampling effort and environmental characteristics that promote high biodiversity. The Central Mexican Pacific is an oceanographic region with mixed conditions from the North and South of the Mexican Pacific, and therefore, with a biogeographical importance reflected in its species richness.
32
Techera, Erika J. "Legal Pluralism, Indigenous People and Small Island Developing States: Achieving Good Environmental Governance in the South Pacific." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 42, no. 61 (January 2010): 171–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2010.10756646.
Full text
33
Thakur, Ramesh. "The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 44, no. 3-4 (July 1988): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848804400305.
Full textAbstract:
The pursuit of nuclear non-proliferation has been a major international concern of our times. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 is of great historical significance for having created the world's first nuclear-free zone (NFZ). Article 5 of the Treaty prohibits any nuclear explosions and the disposal of radioactive waste in the Antarctica. The Treaty of Tlatelolco of 1967 established the first internationally recognised Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (NWFZ) in a populated region of the world, namely Latin America. The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 was an attempt to bring in a global regime to prevent the acquisition of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS). States in the latter category can adhere to the NPT while accepting a stationing of nuclear weapons on their territories, as long as they do not exercise jurisdiction and control over the weapons. West Germany is an obvious example of such a country. A NWFZ, however, prohibits such stationing of nuclear weapons. The three essential characteristics of a NWFZ are non-possession, non-deployment and non-use of nuclear weapons. NWFZs can help to strengthen and promote non-proliferation by providing a means of extending and reinforcing the NPT. In fact Article 7 of the latter accepts that, “Nothing in this Treaty affects the right of any group of states to conclude regional treaties in order to assure the total absence of nuclear weapons in their respective territories.” The article merely acknowledged that one such treaty had been negotiated more or less simultaneously with the NPT. The second NFWZ in an inhabited region was not to be established for another eighteen years. At the Sixteenth South Pacific Forum meeting held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Forum countries adopted the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty on 6 August 1985 (Hiroshima Day). The Preamble to the treaty expresses the commitment to world peace, a grave concern at the continuing nuclear arms race, the conviction that every country bears an obligation to strive for the elimination of nuclear weapons, a belief in the efficacy of regional arms control measures, and a reaffirmation of the NPT for halting nucleor proliferation. The core NFZ obligations are contained in Articles 3–7. Each party agrees not to manufacture or otherwise acquire, possess or have control—or seek to do so—over any nuclear device; not to assist or encourage others to make or acquire nuclear weapons; to prevent the stationing or testing of nuclear weapons on its territory; not to dump radioactive wastes at sea anywhere in the zone, and to prevent such dumping by others in its territorial sea. Discussions at the United Nations had, by the mid-1970s, identified nine major principles as the guiding elements of a NWFZ: (1) the initiative should come from the countries of the region; (2) the specific provisions of the NWFZ treaty should be negotiated between the regional member states in the form of a multilateral treaty establishing the zone in perpetuity; (5) while adherence to the treaty should be voluntary, the NWFZ must nevertheless embrace all militarily significant states in the region: (4) existing treaty relationships within the zone should not be disturbed; (5) there should be an effective verification system: (6) peaceful nuclear development should be allowed; (7) the zone should hare clearly defined and recognised boundaries; (8) in defining the territory of the zone, members must respect international law, including freedom of the seas and straits used for international navigation and of international airspace; and (9) the NWFZ should have the support of the nuclear-weapon states. Thus the NWFZ concept in established United Nations vocabulary does not prohibit the temporary presence of nuclear vessels during transit or on port calls, and it does not necessarily preclude the acquisition of sensitive nuclear facilities and materials tantamount to having a nuclear-weapon capability or producing untested nuclear bomb components. Nevertheless, it will be useful to follow the UN criteria in order to examine the nature and implications of the South Pacific zone.
34
Przygoda, Miroslaw. "The Role and Importance of Australia in the South Pacific Region." International Journal of Operations Management 1, no. 3 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.13.4005.
Full textAbstract:
Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent and the island of Tasmania. The country also includes numerous smaller islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It also has the world’s 12th-largest economy and fifth-highest per capita income. On 1 January 1901, a federation of six separate British self-governing states was formed after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. This established the Commonwealth of Australia as a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931 the status of the dominions was made equal to that of Great Britain, which is considered the symbolic date of Australia gaining full independence. Before World War II and in the course of it, the Commonwealth of Australia was closely tied to the government in London. However, the fall of the British Empire in the Asia Pacific made Australian authorities rethink their existence in the new reality. In the late 80s, Australia’s formal ties with London were further loosened, as planned. Since that time the role and significance of the continent has been growing. A vibrant economy and favourable location drive the country’s growing importance, which the government in Canberra strongly focuses on. Economic success and effective policies have made Australia become one of the crucial elements of sustainable balance in the South Pacific region. However, the country’s political and economic influence goes far beyond its borders. Australia’s importance to and influence on neighbouring countries is clearly visible across East and Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean basin, and the Antarctic. Therefore it is worth to take a closer look at the drivers of the huge success of this unique country and its inhabitants.
35
Wakita, Koji, Takanori Nakagawa, Masahiro Sakata, Natsuki Tanaka, and Nozomu Oyama. "Phanerozoic accretionary history of Japan and the western Pacific margin." Geological Magazine 158, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000742.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIt is generally accepted that oceanic plate subduction has occurred along the eastern margin of Asia since about 500 Ma ago. Therefore, the Japanese Islands have a >500 Ma history of oceanic plate subduction in their geological records. In this paper, the accretionary history of the Japanese Islands is divided into six main stages based on the mode and nature of tectonic events and the temporal gaps in the development of accretionary processes. In the first stage, oceanic plate subduction and accretion started along the margin of Gondwana. After detachment of the North and South China blocks in Devonian time, accretionary complexes developed along island arcs offshore of the South and North China blocks. After the formation of back arc basins such as the Japan Sea, accretionary processes occurred only along the limited convergent margin, e.g. Nankai Trough. Detrital zircons of sandstones revealed the accretionary history of Japan. An evaluation of a comprehensive dataset on detrital zircon populations shows that the observed temporal gaps in the development of the Japanese accretionary complexes were closely related to the intensity of igneous activity in their provenance regions. Age distributions of detrital zircons in the accretionary complexes of Japan change before and after the Middle Triassic period, when the collision of the South and North China blocks occurred.
36
Venn, Alice. "Universal Human Rights? Breaking the Institutional Barriers Facing Climate-Vulnerable Small-Island Developing States." Climate Law 7, no. 4 (November 9, 2017): 322–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00704005.
Full textAbstract:
There is a need to overcome the dichotomy in international responses to climate change between, on the one hand, a recognition of the significant threat posed by climate impacts for the continued enjoyment of fundamental rights, and, on the other, the lack of provision made for strengthening the legal protections available to climate-vulnerable states. The question of access to human-rights mechanisms currently looms large as a limitation on legal action within, or by, Small-Island Developing States. This article, drawing on empirical research conducted in Vanuatu and Fiji, examines the entrenched institutional barriers to engagement with the core international human rights treaties in the South Pacific. A number of steps are proposed to guide action by the international community, through funding strategies, integrated vulnerability assessments, and targeted in-country capacity building, in order to enable more effective engagement with rights mechanisms and offer greater recourse to justice.
37
Taylor, Neil, Barend Vlaardingerbroek, and Richard K. Coll. "Exploiting Curriculum Commonality in Small Island States: Some Strategies for Primary Science Curriculum Development in the South Pacific." International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 1, no. 2 (2003): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ijma.0000016849.46266.4c.
Full text
38
Teeter, Jennifer. "Potential Tangible and Intangible Benefits of Sustainable Shipping in Small Island Developing States." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 8, no. 3 (July 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2016070104.
Full textAbstract:
Small island development states (SIDS) have called for a 25% reduction in fossil fuel used by transport by 2033 at COP21 in 2015. Recognizing that the current global shipping system based on the container ship model is effectively wreaking havoc on the global environment while marginalizing people in their countries, attention is being turned to small-scaled, durable, affordable, energy-efficient, renewable-energy powered wind ships built to fit the needs, means and context of the communities that use them. After outlining the impacts of the current shipping system, this article turning to an analysis of the Greenheart Project. Greenheart Project aims to create a network of vessels powered by solar and wind technologies for transportation purposes, while developing a means for further regional and international cooperation, sustainability, and ethical business that prioritizes the unique and differing needs of communities. This paper will evaluate the Greenheart Project model of small-scaled cargo transport, measuring its tangible and intangible benefits and discussing potential applications in the South Pacific for regional trade and transport networks.
39
Ahmad, Diana L. "The South Seas from the Deck of a Steamship." California History 98, no. 3 (2021): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2021.98.3.78.
Full textAbstract:
The story of the people who sailed the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Hawai‘i, Samoa, and points beyond is well documented, yet historians have neglected the voyages themselves and what the travelers encountered on the five-day to five-week journeys to their destinations. Those who crossed the Pacific recorded their thoughts about the sea creatures they discovered, the birds that followed the ships, and the potential of American expansion to the islands. They gossiped about their shipmates, celebrated the change in time zones, and feared the sharks that swam near the vessels. The voyagers had little else to distract them from the many miles of endless water, so they paid attention to their surroundings: nature, people, and shipboard activities. The adventures on the ships enlivened their travels to the islands of the Pacific and proved to be an opportunity to expand their personal horizons, as well as their hopes for the United States.
40
Lindo, Zoë. "A rare new species of Metrioppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from a Pacific Northwest temperate rainforest." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 5 (January 13, 2015): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.83.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractI present the systematics and distribution of a new species of oribatid mite in the genus Metrioppia Grandjean, 1931 (Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Metrioppia walbranensisnew species is diagnosed on the basis of adult morphology using the following character states: shape and dentition of the rostrum, length of lamellae, shape of lamellar cusps, length of the interlamellar setae, and number of posterior notogastral setae. The known distribution of M. walbranensis is provided based on sampling and museum collections. Metrioppia walbranensis has been collected only from a small number of locations on south-west Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, while its congener M. oregonensis Woolley and Higgins, 1969 has been collected widely within the Pacific Northwest, including sites on Vancouver Island. However, the two species do not appear to co-occur. Nucleotide sequence of the COI gene firmly places Metrioppia within the family Peloppiidae.
41
Gilbert, Trevor, Sefanaia Nawadra, Andy Tafileichig, and Leonard Yinug. "Response to an Oil Spill from a Sunken WWII Oil Tanker in Yap State, Micronesia." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-175.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In August 2001 a State of Emergency was declared in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) following a significant oil spill from the USS Mississinewa, a sunken WWII US military oil tanker, in the remote and environmentally sensitive atoll known as Ulithi Lagoon. Due to the severity of the spill, a complete ban on fishing within the lagoon area was imposed by the Environment Protection Agency and Marine Resources Department of Yap State. The spill occurred over a two-month period between July and August 2001. A request for assistance to the US Navy to plug the leak and salvage the cargo was made by the President of FSM. He also requested the assistance of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) to do an independent study on the wreck and determine the environmental impacts of the oil spill from the sunken vessel. This paper highlights the response to oil spills from the vessel and the findings of the field environmental assessment in Ulithi lagoon and surrounding islands. It also addresses the issue of more than 1000 WWII shipwrecks around the Pacific and the strategy and database currently being developed by SPREP to document and address the pollution risk posed to environmentally sensitive Pacific Island Nations.
42
LI, SHENGCHUN, BINGHUI CHEN, XIANGXU HUANG, XIAOYU CHANG, TIEYAO TU, and DIANXIANG ZHANG. "Stillingia: A newly recorded genus of Euphorbiaceae from China." Phytotaxa 296, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.8.
Full textAbstract:
Stillingia (Euphorbiaceae) contains ca. 30 species from Latin America, the southern United States, and various islands in the tropical Pacific and in the Indian Ocean. We report here for the first time the occurrence of a member of the genus in China, Stillingia lineata subsp. pacifica. The distribution of the genus in China is apparently narrow, known only from Pingzhou and Wanzhou Islands of the Wanshan Archipelago in the South China Sea, which is close to the Pearl River estuary. This study updates our knowledge on the geographic distribution of the genus, and provides new palynological data as well.
43
Potočnik, Nataša. "The South Pacific in the works of Robert Dean Frisbie." Acta Neophilologica 34, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2001): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.34.1-2.59-71.
Full textAbstract:
Robert Dean Frisbie (1896-1948) was one of the American writers who came to live in the South Pacific and wrote about his life among the natives. He published six books between 1929 and his death in 1948. Frisbie was horn in Cleveland, Ohio, on 16 April1896. He attended the Raja Yoga Academy at Point Loma in California. Later he enlisted in the U. S. army and was medically discharged from the army in 1918 with a monthly pension. After his work as a newspaper columnist and reporter for an army newspaper in Texas, and later for the Fresno Morning Republican, he left for Tahiti in 1920. In Tahiti he had ambitious writing plans but after four years of living in Tahiti, he left his plantation and sailed to the Cook Islands. He spent the rest of his life in the Cook Islands and married a local girl Ngatokorua. His new happiness gave him the inspiration to write. 29 sketches appeared in the United States in 1929, collected by The Century Company under the title of The Book of Puka-Puka. His second book My Tahiti, a book of memories, was published in 1937. After the death of Ropati 's beloved wife his goals were to bring up his children. But by this time Frisbie was seriously ill. The family left Puka-Puka and settled down on the uninhabited atoll of Suwarrow. Later on they lived on Rarotonga and Samoa where Frisbie was medically treated. Robert Dean Frisbie died of tetanus in Rarotonga on November 18, 1948. Frisbie wrote in a vivid, graceful style. His characters and particularly the atoll of Puka-Puka are memorably depicted. Gifted with a feeling for language and a sense of humor, he was able to capture on paper the charm, beauty, and serenity of life of the small islands in the South Pacific without exaggerating the stereotypical idyllic context and as such Frisbie's contribution to South Pacific literature went far deeper than that of many writers who have passed through the Pacific and wrote about their experiences. Frisbie's first book The Book of Puka-Puka was published in New York in 1929. It is the most endearing and the most original of his works. It was written during his lifetime on the atoll Puka-Puka in the Cook Islands. It is a collection of 29 short stories, episodic and expressively narrative in style. This is an account of life on Puka-Puka that criticizes European and American commercialism and aggressiveness, and presents the themes of the praise of isolation, the castigation of missionaries, and the commendation of Polynesian economic collectivism and sexual freedom. At the same time, the book presents a portrait of Frisbie himself, a journal of his day-to-day experiences and observations and avivid description of the natives on the island. Frisbie's unique knowledge of the natives and their daily lives enabled him to create in The Book of Puka-Puka an impressive gallery of vi vid, amusing, yet very real and plausible Polynesians. The second book of Robert Dean Frisbie to appear in print was My Tahiti (1937), a book of -memoirs, published in Boston. My Tahiti is a book of 30 short stories about the author and his living among Tahitians. Again, Robert Dean Frisbie is the main hero in the book and as such the book is autobiographical in a sense as well. This book is a personal record which has charm and distinction as it has sincerity, which is in the men, women and children of Tahiti, and which brings an effortless and unpretentious humor to depict a South Seas idyll and a quiet poise to withstand the insidious romance of the tropical islands, too.
44
Разжигаева, Н. Г., Л. А. Ганзей, Т. А. Гребенникова, В. Б. Базарова, П. С. Белянин, М. С. Лящевская, Т. Р. Макарова, Л. М. Мохова, Н. И. Белянина, and Т. В. Корнюшенко. "Paleogeographical Researches in Pacific Geographical Institute." Tihookeanskaia geografiia, no. 2(6) (June 21, 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.6.2.002.
Full textAbstract:
Представлены результаты работы лаборатории палеогеографии и геоморфологии ТИГ ДВО РАН в 2017–2020 гг. Приведены новые данные по изучению развития материковых и островных геосистем юга Дальнего Востока и реакции их компонентов на короткопериодные климатические изменения позднего плейстоцена–голоцена. Палеоэкологические изменения с высоким временным разрешением восстановлены в среднегорье Восточного Сихотэ-Алиня. Новые данные получены по развитию геосистем побережья Японского моря, определена роль зональных и азональных природных факторов в их развитии. Выделены этапы развития ландшафтов платобазальтового рода. Реконструированы обстановки осадконакопления и формирования пойменных ландшафтов Приханкайской равнины. Сделаны детальные реконструкции хода развития островных ландшафтов для юга Приморья. Для юга Дальнего Востока проведен синтез изменений ландшафтов в последнее интенсивное потепление – малый оптимум голоцена (VII–XIII вв.). Проанализировано проявление природных катастроф и их пространственно-временной масштаб. Продолжены работы, направленные на оценку цунамиопасности на побережье восточного Приморья. Для Курильских островов выделены наиболее сильные цунами, которые могут быть рассмотрены как кандидаты в мегацунами. Внимание уделено трансформации ландшафтов при освоении территории юга Дальнего Востока древним человеком. Геоархеологические исследования проводились также во внутриконтинентальных районах (Западное Забайкалье, Восточная Монголия). The authors present the results of the researches of the laboratory of paleogeography and geomorphology of PGI FEB RAS in 2017–2020. New data include the study of the development of continental and island geosystems of the South Far East and the response of their components to short-term climate changes in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Paleoecological changes with a high temporal resolution have been restored in the middle mountains of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin. New data were obtained on the development of geosystems of the coast of the Sea of Japan, the role of zonal and azonal natural factors in their development was determined. The stages of development of landscapes of the platobasalt genus are highlighted. The conditions of sedimentation and formation of floodplain landscapes of the Khanka Lake plain were reconstructed. Detailed reconstructions of the island landscapes development for the south of Primorye have been made. For the south of the Far East, a synthesis of landscape changes in the last intense warming – Medieval Warm Period of the Holocene (VII-XIII centuries) was made. The manifestation of natural disasters and their space-time scale were analyzed. The investigations aimed at assessment of the tsunami hazard on the coast of eastern Primorye were continued. For the Kuril Islands, the most powerful tsunamis have been identified, which can be considered as candidates for megatsunami. Transformation of landscapes and a human impact on landscapes were also discussed. Geoarchaeological studies were also carried out in the intra-continental regions (Western Transbaikalia, Eastern Mongolia).
45
Aldrich, Daniel P. "Base Politics: Democratic Change and the U.S. Military Overseas. By Alexander Cooley. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008. 321p. $29.95." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090987.
Full textAbstract:
On September 5, 1995, three United States military personnel abducted and raped a 12-year-old schoolgirl on Okinawa, an island in the Pacific that houses roughly 75% of the U.S. military facilities in Japan. After a month and a half of smaller rallies, more than 85,000 demonstrators gathered in late October that year to protest not only the crime itself but also the presence of the U.S. bases on this string of islands that sit a thousand miles south of mainland Japan. Despite the enormous tragedy of this incident, the widespread international attention it received, and the Okinawan governor's refusal afterwards to renew land to the bases, more than 48,000 U.S. military personnel, their dependents, and civilians remain today on the island, which is roughly the size of Los Angeles. Tragedies at other U.S. bases overseas have similarly not altered the bilateral contracts with the host nation. In 1998, for example, a marine airplane accidentally severed a ski-lift cable for a gondola in Cavalese, Italy, killing all 20 passengers aboard, but this incident did not negatively impact the presence of the U.S. military in that nation.
46
Lemov, Rebecca. "On being psychotic in the South Seas, circa 1947." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 5 (December 2018): 80–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118811265.
Full textAbstract:
This article tells the story of an anthropologist and a research subject who encountered each other in the middle of the 20th century on an island in the southwestern Pacific. In the midst of an intensive spate of evidence gathering for his dissertation, anthropologist Melford Spiro noted that one of his would-be interlocutors, a man named Tarev – notable for failing all of his psychological tests – still managed to contribute a different form of evidence: if his views could not be amalgamated in numbers via test scores (and thus contribute directly to Spiro’s data set), they could still be rendered as a case. Tarev’s personality study, ‘A Psychotic in the South Seas’, counted as one of many cases contributing to a broad, worldwide effort to explore the meaning of suffering – specifically psychological illnesses – in non-Western cultures. This article examines Tarev’s rejected test-response ‘data’ and the ways in which his answers did not fit the epistemological and geopolitical frameworks that provoked them. The encounter between anthropologist and interlocutor, today, allows an investigation into how mid-20th-century scholars amassed ambitious data sets meant to revolutionize the sciences that dealt with human beings as psycho-social entities. What sorts of data made it into their archives and what sorts did not? How was the data of happiness, sadness and other fleeting emotional states collected from whole islands newly under US naval occupation?
47
Robie, David. "Editorial: Meltdowns and militarisation." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.161.
Full textAbstract:
During the Pacific Science Inter-Congress in Fiji in July 2013, an integrated symposium on ‘Oceans and Nations: “Failed” states and the environment’ in the Pacific, was hosted at the University of the South Pacific. The brainchild of USP’s Dr Mohit Prasad and professors Victor Bascara, Keith Comacho and Elizabeth DeLoughrey of the University of California at Los Angeles, this drew its inspiration from another conference at Laucala Bay some two years earlier. The 2010 Oceans, Islands and Skies Symposium (OIS), with papers published in a special edition of the USP literary journal Dreadlocks (Prasad, 2010-11) in 2012, had established the disruption to the traditionally organic and fluid nature of relations between artists, writers and performers in the Pacific by the contemporary crisis of the environment. A follow-up Oceans and Nations Symposium explored relations between impacts on the environment, and crisis in political and related development, among the emerging nation-states of the Pacific.Cover cartoon from Rod Emmerson, New Zealand Herald.
48
White, Carmen M. "Moving Up the Ranks: Chiefly Status, Prestige, and Schooling in Colonial Fiji." History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 4 (2006): 532–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.00031.x.
Full textAbstract:
In a 1987 volume titled Class and Culture in the South Pacific, Samoan historian Malama Meleisea describes orthodox Marxism, modernization theory, and unilineal evolutionary thought as united in their “Eurocentric frame of reference,” their “notion of unilineal progress,… assumption that pre-capitalist social institutions are obsolete and that class formation is historically inevitable.” While Meleisea's pointed polemic against metanarratives that privilege a universality of Western laws of historical development and progress is partly informed by the undelivered promises of modernization theory, his critique is more than the mere stirrings of an incipient postmodernist discourse. It also derives from a practical engagement with socio-political developments in the South Pacific region that puts in relief the ways in which grand paradigms can mold and distort contemporary Pacific Island institutions into Western images. Here, he speaks to the tendency to explain the endurance of chieftaincies in modern Pacific states as homologous with, a local variant, or the actual equivalent of, a new type of “class relations.” In a more recent edited volume that focuses on chiefs in the contemporary Pacific, White and Lindstrom similarly note a popular regard for chiefs as “antique survivals from pre-state political formations” that ultimately fails to address contemporary chiefly authority on its own terms. As White and Lindstrom note further, based on the projections of development proposed in Weber-inspired modernization theory, chiefs should have become obsolete in the modern nation-state: “The forces of modernity were meant to usher him (or sometimes her) from the global stage, replacing tribal or feudal styles of leadership wkh thg universalistic, rational forms of the natioh-state and its attendant bureaucracies.”
49
McCaffrey, Robert, Anthony I. Qamar, Robert W. King, Ray Wells, Giorgi Khazaradze, Charles A. Williams, Colleen W. Stevens, Jesse J. Vollick, and Peter C. Zwick. "Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest." Geophysical Journal International 169, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 1315–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03371.x.
Full textAbstract:
Summary We interpret Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in the northwestern United States and adjacent parts of western Canada to describe relative motions of crustal blocks, locking on faults and permanent deformation associated with convergence between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. To estimate angular velocities of the oceanic Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates and several continental crustal blocks, we invert the GPS velocities together with seafloor spreading rates, earthquake slip vector azimuths and fault slip azimuths and rates. We also determine the degree to which faults are either creeping aseismically or, alternatively, locked on the block-bounding faults. The Cascadia subduction thrust is locked mainly offshore, except in central Oregon, where locking extends inland. Most of Oregon and southwest Washington rotate clockwise relative to North America at rates of 0.4–1.0 ° Myr−1. No shear or extension along the Cascades volcanic arc has occurred at the mm/yr level during the past decade, suggesting that the shear deformation extending northward from the Walker Lane and eastern California shear zone south of Oregon is largely accommodated by block rotation in Oregon. The general agreement of vertical axis rotation rates derived from GPS velocities with those estimated from palaeomagnetic declination anomalies suggests that the rotations have been relatively steady for 10–15 Ma. Additional permanent dextral shear is indicated within the Oregon Coast Range near the coast. Block rotations in the Pacific Northwest do not result in net westward flux of crustal material—the crust is simply spinning and not escaping. On Vancouver Island, where the convergence obliquity is less than in Oregon and Washington, the contractional strain at the coast is more aligned with Juan de Fuca—North America motion. GPS velocities are fit significantly better when Vancouver Island and the southern Coast Mountains move relative to North America in a block-like fashion. The relative motions of the Oregon, western Washington and Vancouver Island crustal blocks indicate that the rate of permanent shortening, the type that causes upper plate earthquakes, across the Puget Sound region is 4.4 ± 0.3 mm yr−1. This shortening is likely distributed over several faults but GPS data alone cannot determine the partitioning of slip on them. The transition from predominantly shear deformation within the continent south of the Mendocino Triple Junction to predominantly block rotations north of it is similar to changes in tectonic style at other transitions from shear to subduction. This similarity suggests that crustal block rotations are enhanced in the vicinity of subduction zones possibly due to lower resisting stress.
50
WELLS, ALICE. "The Trichoptera of Lord Howe Island, including 3 new species, larvae and keys." Zootaxa 2987, no. 1 (August 5, 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2987.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Three new Trichoptera (caddisfly) species are described for the small south-western Pacific seamount island of Lord Howe, all probably endemics. These are 2 hydropsychids, Cheumatopsyche erskinensis sp. nov. and C. howensis sp. nov., and a leptocerid, Symphitoneuria neboissi sp. nov. These are the first species recorded from Lord Howe in the respective genera and increase to 5 the number of genera recorded from the island, and to 9 the number of named species. Features of 2 distinctive but unidentified Cheumatopsyche larvae, larval cases of S. neboissi sp. nov., and the larva and case of Tasiagma eremica Neboiss are illustrated and described. Life stages of species in 3 other genera are recorded from the island: several larvae and females identified as Ulmerochorema (Hydrobiosidae); 2 females of a species of Triplectides (Leptoceridae); and a larva of Plectrocnemia (Polycentropodidae), which is illustrated. Although, conceivably, none of these 3 has permanent populations, the 3 genera are included in the checklist of Trichoptera of Lord Howe Island and in the identification keys provided for Trichoptera adults and larvae of the island.