Relevant bibliographies by topics / South Luangwa National Park

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Academic literature on the topic 'South Luangwa National Park'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 July 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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Williams, N. Leader. "Black rhino in South Luangwa National Park: their distribution and future protection." Oryx 19, no. 1 (January 1985): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019517.

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It became clear in 1979 that commercial poaching was drastically reducing the numbers of rhino in Luangwa Valley and the Zambian Government, through its National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) and the World Wildlife Fund, responded by setting up Save the Rhino Trust (SRT). Neither past nor present numbers and distribution of these animals were sufficiently known to provide a baseline for monitoring the effects of the poaching and the author carried out research on behalf of NPWS and SRT during 1981–82 to assess the status of the rhinos in the Luangwa Valley; FFPS was among the financial supporters of the work. Here he describes the problems that the task presented and the development of a technique that will provide a way of assessing the effectiveness of future anti-poaching operations. The study's findings that 72 per cent of rhinos that die in Luangwa do so from poachers' bullets led to a recommendation for a change in patrol policy; this was adopted by SRT in 1983 and its success is being monitored.
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Chabwela, Harry, Chansa Chomba, Gilson Kaweche, and Ackme Mwenya. "Habitat Selection by Large Mammals in South Luangwa National Park, Zambia." Open Journal of Ecology 07, no. 03 (2017): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2017.73013.

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Bercovitch, Fred B., and Philip S. M. Berry. "Giraffe birth locations in the South Luangwa National Park, Zambia: site fidelity or microhabitat selection?" African Journal of Ecology 53, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12209.

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Wilkinson, P. J., R. G. Pegram, B. D. Perry, J. Lemche, and H. F. Schels. "The distribution of African swine fever virus isolated from Ornithodoros moubata in Zambia." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 3 (December 1988): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029423.

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SUMMARYAfrican swine fever (ASF) has been reported in the Eastern Province of Zambia since 1912 and is now considered to be enzootic there. A survey of the distribution of ASF virus in Zambia was carried out by virus isolation from Ornithodoros moubata ticks collected from animal burrows in National Parks and Game Management Areas in northern, eastern, central and southern Zambia. ASF virus was isolated from ticks in all areas examined. The prevalence of infection in O. moubata was between 0·4% in South Luangwa National Park and 5·1% in Livingstone Game Park and mean infectious virus titres ranged from 103–4 HAD50/tick in Kakumbe Game Management Area to 105·9 HAD50/tick in Chunga and Nalusanga Game Management Areas. The prevalence of infection in adult ticks was between 4·7% and 5·3% in all areas examined except Sumbu National Park and Livingstone Game Park, where the prevalence was 15·1% and 13·2% respectively in adult ticks. The ratio of infected females to males for all the infected adult ticks in all areas of Zambia was 3·2:1.
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Chidakel, Alexander, Brian Child, and Shylock Muyengwa. "Evaluating the economics of park-tourism from the ground-up: Leakage, multiplier effects, and the enabling environment at South Luangwa National Park, Zambia." Ecological Economics 182 (April 2021): 106960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.106960.

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Mvula, Cheryl D. "Fair trade in tourism to protected areas­- A micro case study of wildlife tourism to South Luangwa National Park, Zambia." International Journal of Tourism Research 3, no. 5 (September 2001): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.349.

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Nakayama, Shouta M. M., Yoshinori Ikenaka, Kaampwe Muzandu, Kennedy Choongo, Ethel M'kandawire, Jun Yasuda, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Metal and metalloid levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in soil, sediment, land plants and hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius L) from the South Luangwa National Park, Zambia." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 80 (June 2012): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.003.

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MZUMARA, TIWONGE I., ROWAN O. MARTIN, HEMANT TRIPATHI, CHAONA PHIRI, and ARJUN AMAR. "Distribution of a habitat specialist: Mopane woodland structure determines occurrence of Near Threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 03 (April 29, 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000370.

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SummaryThe near-threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae is a small parrot endemic to the Zambezi basin in south-east Africa. The species has a fragmented distribution predominantly within mopane woodlands and is widely referred to as a mopane specialist. The harvesting of mopane trees for charcoal production and timber are having widespread impacts on this woodland habitat, raising concerns over its capacity to support biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the key drivers determining the occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird in the mopane woodlands of Zambia, focusing particularly on aspects of woodland structure, including the size and density of trees. We used a MaxEnt species distribution model based on historical species occurrence data, to inform selection of 116 survey plots in the Luangwa, Luano and Zambezi valleys. Each plot was sampled for Lilian’s Lovebirds and woodland structure described. Occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird was found to be positively associated with the size of mopane trees (both height and diameter at breast height) suggesting that large ‘cathedral’ mopane trees provide a key resource for the species and that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of sites containing large trees. No Lilian’s Lovebirds were recorded in areas where they previously occurred to the west of Lower Zambezi National Park, and there was an absence of ‘cathedral’ mopane habitat in this area.
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Herrero, Southworth, Bunting, Kohlhaas, and Child. "Integrating Surface-Based Temperature and Vegetation Abundance Estimates into Land Cover Classifications for Conservation Efforts in Savanna Landscapes." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163456.

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Southern African savannas are an important dryland ecosystem, as they account for up to 54% of the landscape, support a rich variety of biodiversity, and are areas of key landscape change. This paper aims to address the challenges of studying this highly gradient landscape with a grass–shrub–tree continuum. This study takes place in South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) in eastern Zambia. Discretely classifying land cover in savannas is notoriously difficult because vegetation species and structural groups may be very similar, giving off nearly indistinguishable spectral signatures. A support vector machine classification was tested and it produced an accuracy of only 34.48%. Therefore, we took a novel continuous approach in evaluating this change by coupling in situ data with Landsat-level normalized difference vegetation index data (NDVI, as a proxy for vegetation abundance) and blackbody surface temperature (BBST) data into a rule-based classification for November 2015 (wet season) that was 79.31% accurate. The resultant rule-based classification was used to extract mean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI values by season over time from 2000 to 2016. This showed a distinct separation between each of the classes consistently over time, with woodland having the highest NDVI, followed by shrubland and then grassland, but an overall decrease in NDVI over time in all three classes. These changes may be due to a combination of precipitation, herbivory, fire, and humans. This study highlights the usefulness of a continuous time-series-based approach, which specifically integrates surface temperature and vegetation abundance-based NDVI data into a study of land cover and vegetation health for savanna landscapes, which will be useful for park managers and conservationists globally.
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Smith, P. P. "A reconnaissance survey of the vegetation of the North Luangwa National Park, Zambia." Bothalia 28, no. 2 (October 6, 1998): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v28i2.641.

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A comprehensive survey of the vegetation of the North Luangwa National Park (NLNP) was carried out over a period of two years. The main aims of the survey were to describe the major vegetation communities in the park and to produce a vegetation map of the NLNP Initial differentiation of vegetation units was established by the appearance of the vegetation on aerial photographs Further information was derived from 353 ground plots in which 20 000 woody plants were identified and measured Thirteen broad vegetation types were recognised in the NLNP Details of their physiognomy, species composition, distribution, topography and edaphic associations are given.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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Zimba, Godfrey Joe. "The management of south luangwa national park towards sustainable tourism development." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-933.

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This thesis explores communities’ participation and involvement in both wildlife-based and tourist activities in south Luangwa national park with particular focus on local participation/ devolution. Specifically, it assesses whether the legal provisions for community participation in wildlife management spelt out in the wildlife policy take into account various factors which enhances the effectiveness of local participation in CBNRM. It then examines various forms of community participation in wildlife management and small scale tourism activities. Finally, the study examines sources of conflict which may occur over natural resources in SLNP and adjacent GMA.

The study uses political ecology and protected area management paradigm as the theoretical frameworks. The former comprises four major elements, which include the politicization of the environment, a focus on actors as the contestants in this politicization, inequality in distribution of power between and among actors in the park, and the dynamic involvement of natural environment in this process. The latter, uses a CBC framework that is based on: allowing people living near the protected lands to participate in land-use policy and management decisions; giving people proprietorship or ownership over wildlife resources; and, giving local people economic benefit from wildlife conservation. A case study approach is adopted involving qualitative research method. Data were collected through personal observation, formal and informal interviews, focus groups and document review. In a case study approach, an empirical inquiry, which investigates contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context such like wildlife, is analyzed and interpreted through the selected theoretical frameworks.

The data reveal that, local people living near SLNP and in the Lupande GMA do not per se actively participate in land-use policy and management decisions. Further, data indicate that community resource boards in the three chiefdoms have not been given ownership over wildlife resources. ZAWA has continued appropriating all the revenues accruing from wildlife utilization in the area since its inception. This is contrary to what is stated in the wildlife policy and wildlife Act 1998. Also, data shows that many local people do not individually benefit from wildlife-based and tourist activities. Additionally, data indicates that different interest groups expect different types of participation to achieve their own goals. Accordingly, participation varied among various interest groups although much of it as reported by respondents concentrated in the two lower levels of Pretty’ typology. The findings are significant because they offer a framework for understanding challenges and conflicts related to wildlife conservation and tourism development.

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Shenton, Dominique. "The effects of COVID-19 on safari tourism in South Luangwa National Park in Zambia." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37698.

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2020 has seen many businesses across all industries struggle and, in some cases, shut down due to the coronavirus pandemic declared in March 2020 by the World Health Organisation. Perhaps the most affected industry was and still is the tourism sector, with a reported 100% of global destinations restricting travel in different senses (UNWTO, 2020). Various adaptation strategies have been adopted by businesses in the tourism industry to curb the negative economic impacts the pandemic has had. Some adaptation strategies that have been implemented in Zambian safari businesses include focusing on the domestic market which has not been a priority in the past. This research investigates some impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Zambian safari industry and analyses some strategies that have been adopted to adapt to said impacts. This has been done through semi-structured interviews with senior staff at four safari lodges in South Luangwa National Park. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on lodges in South Luangwa National Park. It was found that all four lodges that were interviewed faced drastic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in that they faced significant financial losses, low occupancy and temporary closure. The findings also showed that they were able to adapt in several ways, with the most significant being the shift from an international market to the emerging domestic market.
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Maluwa, Lutendo Obed. "Satisfaction levels of visitors at the Tsitsikamma National Park." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18058.

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The literature reviews on tourist satisfaction revealed that a satisfied tourist leads to positive word of mouth recommendation to friends and family, loyalty (return visits), competitive advantage and long-term profitability and sustainability. These favourable benefits resulting from satisfaction are necessary for any destination to survive in the competitive tourism industry. South African National Parks (SANParks) manages all 21 national parks in South Africa, with the TNP being the third in terms of visitor numbers and income generated from tourism products. Data captured from visitors to the TNP was used to achieve the goal and objective of this study. This goal was achieved by conducting a questionnaire survey at Storm’s River rest camp within the TNP from 01 May to 31 July 2015. A total of 120 questionnaires were completed and included in further analysis. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between satisfaction, service and travel motivations of the visitors to the TNP. The statistical test was used to determine whether or not visitors’ expectations were met. This was also used to determine the relationship between travel behaviour, travel motives, and service satisfaction of the visitors to the TNP. Park management can use these results as tools to ensure that the product offered guarantees visitors’ satisfaction and therefore contributes to long-term park sustainability. Therefore, park management is able to obtain the ideal tourist experience by not only focusing on the travel motives but also on the quality of service delivered at the park. The results showed that park management needs to become aware of what the visitor sees as important factors for a memorable visitor experience and they can adapt certain aspects to improve the visitor’s experience. Park management can therefore improve their services and products as well as the quality thereof by knowing what the tourists see as important when visiting a national park to obtain a memorable experience, which will lead to positive word of mouth sharing, loyalty, increased revenue and sustainability of the TNP.
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Bothma, Lee-Ann. "Travel motivations to selected national parks in South Africa : Karoo-, Tsitsikamma- and Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Parks / L. Bothma." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3146.

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Research in tourist behaviour follows the cognitive approach. This contains the behavioural cycle of stimulation (motivation and intention formation), the actual behaviour and experience, and finally the evaluation of consequences. These stages are referred to in tourism as: the pre-trip experience (motivation and intention formation), travel stage (actual behaviour) and the post-travel stage (evaluation of the travel experience). The characteristics, which influence tourist behaviour, indicate that travel motivations are the result of how tourists behave (tourist behaviour). These characteristics are: the decision-making process, demographical factors, marketing mix, external/social factors and internal/ psychological factors (motivations). Motivations to travel have a major influence on the travel behaviour of tourists. Tourists' motivations to satisfy their needs directly influence their behaviour, or the actions they take, in order to satisfy these needs. Due to its impelling and compelling nature, motivation is considered to be one of the most important variables in explaining tourist behaviour. As countries and destinations strive to increase their share of the international and national tourism market, it becomes important to understand why people travel and why they choose a specific ecotourism destination. If travel motivations of tourists are known to the product, it will be an aid when developing a competitive marketing strategy. From the literary review, the following travel motivations occurred regularly: leisure, excitement, socialisation, relaxation, family togetherness, escape, culture, novelty, attractions, knowledge seeking, adventure, prestige, nature, facilities, recreation, attributes, nostalgia, photography, exploration and activities. The literary review further revealed that there are travel motivations commonly found with regard to tourism destinations, and on the other hand, there are travel motivations which are product related. The aim of this research was to determine the travel motivations of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa: Karoo-, Kgalagadi Transfrontier- and Tsitsikamma National Parks. Secondary data was used to determine the visitors' profile, as well as the factor analysis on travel motivations. For the visitors' profile, 286 questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 468 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 582 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. For the factor analysis, 318 questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 673 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 534 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. Primary data was used to determine the reasons for visiting these parks. 101 Questionnaires were administered for Karoo National Park, 192 for the Tsitsikamma National Park and 104 for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. The foremost findings of the research were divided into three categories, namely: visitors' profile, reasons for visiting the parks and travel motivations. Regarding visitors profile; it was found that profiles for the three parks were quite similar, except for the following: expenditure of tourists at Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park, where the average spending of tourists was higher and directly linked to the duration of stay; duration of stay indicated that tourists visiting Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park stayed longer. Two major markets were revealed by the research for all three parks, namely: Gauteng and Western Cape, with the exception of Tsitsikamma National Park, which had a third market of importance, namely Eastern Cape. This information is important when developing marketing strategies. It was especially evident that 4x4 vehicles are the preferred mode of transport for visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park. Therefore, this park can be marketed as a 4x4 destination. From these results one can conclude that the profile of tourists to the three selected national parks showed minor differences. Primary data was used to determine the reasons why tourists visit the selected parks. Among the most important travel reasons why tourists visit the selected parks, was: to relax, for family recreation, to get away from regular routine and for the benefit of the children. The factor analysis regarding travel motives revealed the following: five factors were identified for Karoo National Park and six factors were identified for both Tsitsikamma- and Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Parks. Results illustrated that these parks have common and unique motives. Common travel motives in these parks include: park attributes, escape and relaxation, as well as knowledge seeking. Unique to Karoo National Park, was attractions and family togetherness, compared to photography and adventure for Kgalagadi Transfrontier National Park, and adventure and attractions for the Tsitsikamma National Park. A combined factor analysis was also conducted, which showed knowledge seeking, park attributes, as well as escape and relaxation as the most important travel motives of tourists visiting the three selected national parks. This research, therefore, confirmed that different attractions and destinations feed different travel motives, even when classified as similar types of products. Marketers can use this information to position these parks and to develop better marketing strategies, to enable national parks to outwit their competitors.
Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Grego, Caroline. "Imagining a community-oriented "national park nature" : conflict, management, and conservation in the proposed South Okanagan - Lower Similkameen National Park Reserve." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44932.

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This project is about the process of making a national park reserve in the South Okanagan - Lower Similkameen region of British Columbia, as reflected in the perspectives of people who live within the community or who are connected to the Parks Canada decision-making process. For all its local focus, this thesis rests upon extensive background research: research into the process of making national park nature in Canada; research into land and wildlife management practices; and research on indigenous epistemologies about nature, and the progression of white settler culture in the British Columbia. Still, this project makes its primary contribution through its focus on debates about the proposed national park reserve in the South Okanagan – Lower Similkameen Valley. The thesis rests on both historical research into the area and interviews with current residents of the valley. Its purpose is to determine how stakeholders feel connected to the land on which they live and how they think that a national park reserve would change their relationship with the land. Ultimately, the project sheds light on and helps to understand the attitudes and opinions towards land management held by stakeholders of those areas being targeted for federal conservation, as well as the conflicts and collusions between residents and Parks Canada policies during such processes.
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Watermeyer, Jessica Patricia. "Anthropogenic threats to resident and dispersing African wild dogs west and south of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005318.

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African wild dog Lycaon pictus populations are declining and the species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. The Kruger National Park (KNP) is home to the only viable population of wild dogs in South Africa, but census results reveal consistently low numbers since the late 1990s. Wild dogs display wide-ranging behaviour and it is possible that the species might frequently use unprotected lands adjacent to the KNP. However, very little is known about wild dog movements beyond the boundaries of the KNP, and whether or not adjacent land owners are tolerant of the species. Significantly, threats along the boundaries may have negative consequences for the KNP population. This research investigated the dispersal habits of wild dogs beyond the western and southern boundaries of the KNP, and gathered information on human tolerance, and anthropogenic threats in an area of mixed land use. The land west of the KNP presented the best prospect for wild dog range expansion. The wild dog packs operating outside the KNP had smaller home ranges and less home range overlap than the packs operating within the KNP. In addition, my data suggested that the development of conservancies and the formation of ecotourism-based land use practices would be beneficial for wild dog conservation. Failed wild dog dispersals due to snaring and human persecution could threaten the genetic stability and persistence of the KNP population. Therefore, raising awareness and an understanding of the plight of wild dogs is important for improving land owner perception and tolerance outside of protected areas. The rapidly increasing human population continues to infringe on protected lands and fragment landscapes, thus cooperation from individual land owners is vital for the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores.
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Botha, Belinda. "Travel motives of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa / B. Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6925.

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The tourism industry is becoming increasingly more competitive, making it essential for tourism destinations to understand why tourists travel to specific destinations. Travel motives are seen as important factors affecting tourist behaviour. Understanding the travel motives of tourists is essential information for the development of a tourism product and its marketing strategy. Tourists to different destinations have different internal reasons for doing so, and wish to fulfil certain needs. These needs motivate tourists to choose a certain destination and, therefore, identifying the travel motives of tourists to tourism destinations will help the destination to better target their marketing strategies to tourists with common motives. The aim of this study is to determine the travel motives of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa as well as to determine whether there are differences and/or similarities between these motives. The parks concerned are the Addo Elephant-, Augrabies Falls- and Golden Gate Highlands National Parks. This will assist SANParks in their future marketing efforts and help to better understand why the tourists choose to visit the respective parks. A literature review regarding tourist behaviour was carried out to achieve Objective 1, which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of tourist behaviour. The primary reasons for understanding tourist behaviour are to be able to retain your customer for life, to fulfil the tourists’ needs and to develop better target marketing strategies. To understand tourists’ travel motives better, studying tourist behaviour becomes important. The tourist’s decision-making process (that forms part of the tourism behaviour model) is divided into six stages. These are, awareness of a need; seeking information; evaluation of information; decision making; action or buying and postpurchase evaluation. The tourist behaviour model consists of a number of factors that influence this decision-making process, including internal (for example perception, learning and motivation) and external (for example culture, social class and family) influences as well as personal (race, gender and age) and market-related (climate, economy and government) influencers. The most important influence relevant to this study is motivation. To achieve Objective 2, which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of travel motives of tourists to nature based products, a literature review concerning the travel motives of tourists was carried out. This revealed that a number of different travel motives to tourism destinations have been identified. Internal needs motivate tourists to travel to specific destinations, in the hope of fulfilling these needs. Research on travel motives is based on a number of theories, and some of the important motives that arose were: nature, wildlife, escape, relaxation, education, novelty, socialisation, family recreation and destination attractions. In conclusion, there are similarities as well as differences in the travel motives of tourists to different natural areas. Objectives 3 and 4 included determining the profiles as well as the travel motives of tourists to the selected national parks. Secondary data was used to determine the profiles and travel motives of the tourists. The first section focused on the profiles of the tourists, which proved to be quite similar in all three parks, with minor differences regarding province of residence and the languages spoken. The second section focused on the travel motives of these tourists, and a factor analysis was used to extract six factors from the data. These factors were: relax and socialise, park attractions, nature and wildlife, knowledge-seeking, photography and park activities. The factors of tourists to each park were compared by means of a practical significance test (ANOVA) to determine the differences in travel motives to each park. The results revealed that certain travel motives were more important to certain of the three selected national parks, for example: knowledge-seeking is more important to tourists visiting the Addo Elephant National Park, relax and socialise is more important to tourists visiting the Augrabies Falls National Park, and park activities are more important to tourists visiting the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. By determining the differences and similarities in travel motives to the three selected national parks, the aim of this study was achieved. The results are in agreement with other researchers’ findings that there are a number of travel motives motivating tourists to visit certain destinations, and this study determined that these motives differ from destination to destination.
Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Steenkamp, Pieter Johannes. "Ecological suitability modelling for anthrax in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23358.

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Bacillus anthracis is the causal agent of anthrax which primarily affects ungulates, occasionally carnivores and less frequently humans. The endospores of this soil-borne bacterium are highly resistant to extreme conditions, and under ideal conditions, anthrax spores can survive for many years in the soil. The bacterium is generally found in soil at sites where infected animals have died. When these spores are exposed, they have the potential to be ingested by a mammalian species which could lead to an anthrax outbreak. Anthrax is almost never transmitted directly from host to host, but is rather ingested by herbivores while drinking, grazing or browsing in a contaminated environment, with the exception of scavengers and carnivores consuming infected prey. Anthrax is known to be endemic in the northern part of Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa (SA), with occasional epidemics spreading southward into the non-endemic areas. The aim of this study is to identify and map areas that are ecologically suitable for the harbouring of B. anthracis spores within the KNP. Anthrax surveillance data and selected environmental variables were used as inputs to the maximum entropy (Maxent) species distribution modelling method. Five-hundred and ninety-seven anthrax occurrence records, dating from the year 1988 to 2011, were extracted from the Skukuza State Veterinary Office’s database. A total of 40 environmental variables were used and their relative contribution to predicting suitability for anthrax occurrence was evaluated using Maxent software (version 3.3.3k). Variables showing the highest gain were then used for subsequent, refined model iterations until the final model parameters were established. The environmental variables that contributed the most to the occurrence of anthrax were soil type, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land type and precipitation. A map was created using a geographic information system (GIS) that illustrates the sites where anthrax spores are most likely to occur throughout the Park. This included the known endemic Pafuri region as well as the low lying soils along the Shingwedzi-Phugwane-Bubube rivers and the Letaba-Olifants river drainage area. The outputs of this study could guide future targeted surveillance efforts to focus on areas predicted to be highly suitable for anthrax, especially since the KNP uses passive surveillance to detect anthrax outbreaks. Knowing where to look can improve sampling efficiency and lead to increased understanding of the ecology of anthrax within the KNP.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Production Animal Studies
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Botha, Marnus. "The role of biodiversity in national parks on visitor experiences : a case study of Oulanka National Park in Finland and Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24651.

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Tourism has been utilising global biodiversity for a relatively long time. In many countries, such as Finland and South Africa, biodiversity forms an increasingly important resource for tourism. The mutual and sometimes conflicting relation between biodiversity and tourism is clearly evident in conservation areas. The importance of National Parks, for example, is highlighted by the protection and conservation of biodiversity through ecotourism to retain visitors while increasing experiences: it is apparent that a more diverse and unique destination would have greater appeal to all visitors. However, the increasing interest also creates impacts to environment, visitor‟s experiences and management needs. This research examines and determines the tangible level of importance of biodiversity in Oulanka National Park in Finland compared to Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa with the added effects on visitor experiences. Apart from the tangible level, this research also examines the affects of biodiversity richness on visitor experiences and perceptions regarding nature management regulations at Oulanka and Golden Gate. This is determined through various biodiversity attributes with visitors specifying the importance regarding the richness of plants, habitats, wildlife, birdlife and unspoilt nature and biodiversity hotspots. More than three quarters of respondents specified that their relationships regarding biodiversity and experiences are strongly connected thereby indicating the role and importance of biodiversity in Oulanka National Park and Golden Gate Highlands National Park. Findings also illustrate respondents‟ views on nature management regulations of the national parks and together with the known role of biodiversity, suggest the way forward for Oulanka and Golden Gate through ecotourism and a Biodiversity Tourism Management Guidelines (BTMG) framework.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Tourism Management
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Tripp, Michael William. "The emergence of national parks in Russia : with studies of Pribaikalski and Zabaikalski National Parks in the Lake Baikal region of south-central Siberia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ34287.pdf.

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Books on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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1912-1997, Carr Norman, and Berry Philip, eds. Luangwa: Memories of Eden : David Kelly paints the South Luangwa National Park. [United Kingdom]: David Kelly, 2004.

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Salisbury, Ian. Did you know - -: African wildlife : fascinating photographs and facts about the wildlife of South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. [Cape Town]: PhotoSafari (Pvt.) Ltd., 2011.

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Badlands National Park. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2015.

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Grand Teton National Park. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2015.

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Kailash, Chandra. Faunal diversity of Mount Harriet National Park, South Andaman. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2004.

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Stevenson-Hamilton, James. South African Eden: The Kruger National Park, 1902-1946. Cape Town: Struik Johannesburg, 1993.

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Kuehn, David D. Preliminary geoarcheological reconnaissance in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Lincoln, NB: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 2003.

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Hamilton, James Stevenson. South African Eden: The Kruger National Park 1902-1946. 5th ed. Cape Town: Struik, 1993.

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Keller, Robert H. Haida Indian land claims and South Moresby National Park. [Washington D.C.]: Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, 1990.

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Birds of the Luangwa Valley: A revised and annotated check-list of the birds of the Luangwa Valley National Park and adjacent areas : third revision of list with additions. Lusaka, Zambia: Zambian Ornithological Society, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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Phiri, P. S. M. "The floristic status of grasses of the South Luangwa national park and the Lupande area." In The Biodiversity of African Plants, 224–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5_30.

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Ford, D. C. "The Many Landscapes of South Nahanni National Park." In World Geomorphological Landscapes, 205–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44595-3_15.

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Clynne, M. A., and L. J. P. Muffler. "Lassen Volcanic National Park and vicinity." In South Cascades Arc Volcanism, California and Southern Oregon: Red Bluff to Redding, California, July 20–26, 1989, 3–15. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft312p0003.

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Brain, C. K., Iléma Fourie, and R. J. Shiel. "Rotifers of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa." In Rotifera VII, 319–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1583-1_40.

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Mabunda, David M., and Deon Wilson. "7. Commercialization of National Parks: South Africa’s Kruger National Park as an Example." In Sustainable Tourism in Southern Africa, edited by Jarkko Saarinen, Fritz O. Becker, Haretsebe Manwa, and Deon Wilson, 116–33. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845411107-014.

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Sen, Amrita, and Sarmistha Pattanaik. "Communities in a ‘Protected’ Urban Space and Conservation Politics in Mumbai’s Sanjay Gandhi National Park." In Exploring Urban Change in South Asia, 257–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4932-3_14.

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Steffens, Francois E. "Geostatistical Estimation of Animal Abundance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics, 887–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1739-5_71.

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Giddy, Julia K., Love Odion Idahosa, and Christian M. Rogerson. "Leveraging State-Owned Nature-Based Assets for Transformation and SMME Development: Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa." In New Directions in South African Tourism Geographies, 299–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29377-2_17.

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Landy, Frédéric, Pauline Texier, and Sylvain Guyot. "The “Poor”, the Park and the City: Policies of Social Stigmatisation Rather Than Inclusion." In From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South, 85–107. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8462-1_4.

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Schoemann, Thea. "Socio-political Aspects of Establishing Ecotourism in the Qwa-Qwa National Park, South Africa." In Global Ecotourism Policies and Case Studies, edited by Michael Lück and Torsten Kirstges, 115–36. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781873150757-011.

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Conference papers on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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Mickus, Kevin L. "GRAVITY INVESTIGATIONS IN THE UPPER AND LOWER GEYSER BASINS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK." In 50th Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016sc-271658.

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Roberts, Bryan T., and Jesse M. Kelsch. "LOCALIZED STRAIN ORIENTATIONS EXPOSED IN FOOTWALL SYNCLINE OF BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK." In 50th Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016sc-273580.

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Anggraini, Rifka Rimbi, Uun Yanuhar, and Yenny Risjani. "Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi in Sembilang National Park of South Sumatera." In 6th ICAMBBE (International Conference on Advance Molecular Bioscience & Biomedical Engineering) 2019. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009588001050111.

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Silberstorf, Ryan R., and Chris A. Barker. "STRIKE-SLIP FAULT INDICATORS IN EASTERN ERNST TINAJA CANYON, BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, TEXAS." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289066.

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Cahyadi, Hery. "Integrating Archaeo-Tourism With Geotourism Development in Bantimurung National Park, South Sulawesi Province." In Asia Tourism Forum 2016 - the 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/atf-16.2016.86.

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Evanoff, Emmett, and Harold R. Wanless. "GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS IN BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH DAKOTA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302051.

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Schoen, Robert, and Chris A. Barker. "GEOLOGY OF THE ALTO RELEX AREA, SIERRA DEL CARMEN, BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289558.

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Bucini, Gabriela, Sassan Saatchi, Niall Hanan, Randall B. Boone, and Izak Smit. "Woody cover and heterogeneity in the Savannas of the Kruger National Park, South Africa." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417381.

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Burch, Samuel, and Kevin M. Urbanczyk. "AN ASSESSMENT OF AERIAL LIDAR FOR GEOMORPHIC CHANGE DETECTION WITHIN BOQUILLAS CANYON, BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, TEXAS." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289513.

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Raley, Kristina Marie, Phillip D. Hays, John V. Brahana, and Ralph K. Davis. "CALCULATING THE AGE OF THE WATER IN HOT SPRINGS NATIONAL PARK, AR BY USE OF CARBON-14 ISOTOPES." In 52nd Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018sc-309951.

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Reports on the topic "South Luangwa National Park"

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Dietrich, J. R., G. R. Morrell, and M. C. Fortier. Petroleum resource potential in the proposed area of Gwaii Haanas / south Moresby National Park, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133483.

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Jefferson, C. W., and H. R. Schmitt. Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential, Phase I, in the Proposed area of Gwaii Haanas / South Moresby National Marine Park Reserve. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133236.

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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin, and Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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Bedrock geologic map of part of the disturbed belt south and east of Glacier National Park, Montana. US Geological Survey, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/i2130.

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Herpetofaunal surveys of the Fall River Ranger District, U.S. Forest Service, southwestern South Dakota, and Badlands National Park. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/93827.

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Water Quality of Camp Creek, Costello Creek, and Other Selected Streams on the South Side of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024260.

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Geology, hydrogeology, and potential of intrinsic bioremediation at the National Park Service Dockside II site and adjacent areas, Charleston, South Carolina, 1993-94. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964170.

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