Relevant bibliographies by topics / South China Sea International status

Academic literature on the topic 'South China Sea International status'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Prawira, Muhammad Rizky. "SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE." Jurnal Dinamika Global 3, no. 02 (January 2, 2019): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i02.75.

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During the past decade, China has been striving for a more prominent status in the international community. In doing so, China undertook several measures that indicate its willingness to become a supportive collaborator in the international politics, including taking a part in the Six Party Talks regarding to the North Korean nuclear issue as well as striving for the Market Economy Status (MES). However, the recent development of the South China Sea dispute seems to show a contrasting circumstance. As one of the claimant states, China showed a fairly aggressive gesture in expanding and exploiting the disputed territory. Recently, China even declared a refusal against the verdict from the international law which stated that China had no legal base in claiming the territory. This situation sparked a puzzle as the non-compliance against the international law seemed to be violating China�s on- going efforts to win the broader acceptance in the international community. Thus, using two different perspectives, namely structural realism and social constructivism, this study analyses puzzle and finds the contextual relevance behind China�s non- compliance policy. The overall findings show that the rational interest of pursuing the hegemony in the disputed region becomes the primary goal that China is pursuing beyond the interest of adhering to the international law.
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Kościelniak, Karol. "Current International Situation in the South China Sea the Path to Confrontation?" Reality of Politics 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201308.

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In recent years, the South China Sea area has become the arena of competition between the countries of Southeast Asia that set up claims to maritime areas and the islands, and, all the more, want to control and exploit what can be found under the seabed, namely the deposits of oil and gas. The situation in the area cannot even be resolved by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982). Apart from the resources found in the sea and under the seabed, this body of water is an important shipping route, which makes it a strategically significant area for each of the countries located there, or those whose interests involve the South China Sea. In this work, I describe the current situation in the waters of South China Sea: whether the countries bordering it strive for conflict or just secure their interests. It turns out each of the states will set up demands to the islands on this sea and especially to everything that lives in the sea and is to be found under the seabed. Minor, and also more significant incidents will happen, but it does not seem likely that any serious open conflict between the states of the region will break out in the close future. None of the countries pursues it and they do everything they can to maintain the status quo.
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Kusuma, Winanda, A. Cery Kurnia, and Rio Armanda Agustian. "SOUTH CHINA SEA: CONFLICT, CHALLENGE, AND SOLUTION." Lampung Journal of International Law 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i1.2266.

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The South China Sea is a strategic marine area in terms of natural resource potential and international trade routes. For decades, territorial disputes have occurred with peaceful solutions from regional organizations, international courts, and even contributions from outside the claimant state. This paper examines the efforts made to contribute to a peaceful solution to disputed states of claims. The achievement of a peaceful solution, the shortcomings of the peaceful solution to the proposed peaceful solution's chronology. This research is normative juridical research that is historical descriptive in nature. The South China Sea Dispute arises from China's actions regarding its map of its maritime territories that do not comply with international maritime law. Regulations regarding the method of drawing deep-sea boundaries under international maritime law are violated in this act. Negotiation efforts in finding conflict solutions in regional organizations, state leadership meetings, informal meetings of claim state policymakers, and efforts to file claims by the Philippines at permanent court arbitration have been carried out. China's action that does not recognize the Philippine lawsuit decision poses a challenge to international maritime law and its member countries. A complete peaceful solution must be sought immediately when Softlaw and hard law must comply with the claiming state.
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K.C., Khadga. "The South China Sea Issue: Its Implications on South East Asian Security." Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joia.v1i1.22640.

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Although the Chinese government has a strong preference for bilateral diplomatic negotiations to resolve disputes, its status as a party to UNCLOS and its continuing failure to reach a settlement with the Philippines has exposed it to the risk of litigation. Additionally, if the arbitration goes forward, China may be at a disadvantage because several Chinese assertions about their South China Sea rights are not well supported in international law. China’s leaders may also have concerns about avoid nationalists who are sensitive to any perception that the government lost control of a high profile issue to a small Southeast Asian state and a Japanese judge. Nonetheless, now that the Chinese have rejected the process, the panel will proceed without them, providing a small “victory” for Manila and potentially swinging international public opinion toward the Philippines. China being an established regional power and aspiring global power would better show her generosity to take the countries in neighborhood in confidence. For this, resolving South China Sea issue by win-win strategy will be of great benefit for regional stability and security in South East Asian region.
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Edmondus Sadesto Tandungan. "SENGKETA LAUT CINA SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL." Paulus Law Journal 1, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51342/plj.v1i2.101.

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The South China Sea Region is one of the largest waters in the world and has a strategic role both in terms of economy, politics and security so as to make this region have great potential that can be utilized by countries around the region. The consequences of many interests in this region is potential conflict form many state. This article analyzes several disputes that occur in the South China Sea based on international law. The purpose of this article is to find out the steps taken by states to resolving these international legal disputes. Through the analysis in this article it was found that in the perspective of international law, the dispute over the South China Sea was sourced from differences of principles in determining maritime boundaries. The analysis of this article also found several steps and efforts that can be taken by the disputing countries to resolve the South China Sea dispute.Keywords : South China Sea; International Dispute; International Law
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Sherazi, Tatheer Zahra, and Amna Mehmood. "China’s Rise and its Implications for ASEAN Region: A Case Study of South China Sea." Central Asia 84, Summer (October 1, 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-84.18.

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During the last four decades, China has achieved a status of a powerful state with a huge soft power, integration in the international economy, growing middle class along with increasing participation in international institutions and stock exchanges. Not only it has participated into international institutions but has also set new economic regimes like Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). China’s growing thrust for developments, energy and resources, has enabled it for huge claims within South China Sea. Its recent steps of creating artificial islands in South China Sea and future air bases on them along with other developments are quite notable and have been perceived as China’s shift from a soft power to hard power. South China Sea is extremely significant Sea with its geostrategic importance being the second busiest trade routes. Approximately 60 percent of Japanese and Taiwanese energy resources raw material is supplied through the South China Sea. At the same time the Sea is highly rich in energy resources and different analysis have been made to give an estimate of gas and oil reserves in South China Sea. Due to geostrategic significance of the Sea neighboring countries have asserted their claims on its various Islands however; mainly conflict is over islands of Spartly and Paracel. The ongoing territorial conflict and resulting tension is creating troubles for the regional peace by making regional as well as global powers to be concerned over China’s activities. The study will be investigated under the Sea Power theory of Mahan that how the balance of power is taking shift within region in wake of rise of China, and how it will breed implications for region.
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GUDEV, Pavel A., and Igor O. MISHIN. "AMERICAN-CHINESE CONTROVERSIES AROUND THE TAIWAN STRAIT (Part I. Essence of the Terminological Dispute)." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 3(56) (2022): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-3-3-56-060-076.

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For decades, the Taiwan Strait has been one of the main "hot spots" in the Asia-Pacific region. As an object of confrontation between China and Taiwan, the U.S. and China, the area is strategically important to the entire global economy and international shipping. The strait connects the South China Sea with the East China Sea, through which up to 80% of world trade passes, and it is also a crucial link in the global supply chain. Even a short-term blockade of the Taiwan Strait could have serious consequences for the global economy. A new aggravation in the region occurred on July 13, 2022, when Wang Wenbin, spokesman for China's Foreign Ministry, declared that the Taiwan Strait is not "international waters." This article examines in detail the political and legal aspects of China's and the United States' perception of the legal status of the Taiwan Strait, revealing the understanding of "international waters" under international maritime law. It substantiates the main reasons for Beijing's actions regarding the Taiwan Strait, and also forecasts the possible resolution of this legal dispute in light of the fundamental change in China's policy regarding the islands and waters of the South China Sea, which followed the verdict of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague in 2016.
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CHERHAT, Tudor. "CHINA: THE STORY OF A MISSED OPPORTUNITY. HOW CHINA MANAGED TO DISREGARD THE SOUTH CHINA SEA RULING." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 41 (October 5, 2022): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.41.3.

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On July 12, 2016 an international tribunal (registered with The Hague Permanent Court of Arbitration) ruled against China`s territorial claims in the South China Sea, arguing that the Chinese historic rights within the Nine Dash-Line map have no valid effect under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The tribunal’s decision came at a time when tensions in the South China Sea had reached a very high level amid increasing maritime incidents caused by China and the Chinese government’s construction of artificial islands in the open sea. What was supposed to be a major victory against China for the US-backed states (Vietnam, Philippines), turned out to be only a symbolic success for the Philippines. China not only rejected the sentence, but continued to conduct provocative naval exercises, harass other foreign ships and build artificial islands for military purposes. Using historical research and comparative analysis, this paper illustrates how China’s rejection of the ruling was facilitated by a number of legal, economic and political factors that have diminished international reactions and pressures on the Chinese government: the non-ratification of UNCLOS by the US, the lack of coercive mechanisms to enforce international rulings, the economic interdependence between China and other regional states and the precedents set by other major powers. Keywords: South China Sea, Permanent Court of Arbitration, UNCLOS, maritime claims, historic rights.
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CHANG, YEN-CHIANG. "How Does the Amicus Curiae Submission Affect a Tribunal Decision?" Leiden Journal of International Law 30, no. 3 (April 24, 2017): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000231.

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AbstractIn the South China Sea Arbitration initiated by the Philippines against China, the Chinese (Taiwan) Society of International Law (CSIL) submitted an amicus curiae brief to the Annex VII arbitral tribunal established in accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This article first analyzes the definition and legal nature of amicus curiae status, then introduces cases involving amicus curiae in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and UNCLOS dispute settlement mechanisms. By analyzing relevant statutes and rules of procedure, this article assesses the acceptance of amicus curiae submissions by international courts or tribunals, in different dispute settlement mechanisms. Finally, the article describes the significance of the amicus curiae brief submitted by CSIL to the arbitral tribunal, concluding that the South China Sea Arbitral Tribunal did take the amicus curiae submission into account, but exercised caution in its consideration.
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Gao, Zhiguo, and Bing Bing Jia. "The Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea: History, Status, and Implications." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 1 (January 2013): 98–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.1.0098.

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The South China Sea has generally been a calm area of sea since ancient times. Until the late twentieth century, it had provided a fertile fishing ground for local fishermen from China and other littoral states, and a smooth route of navigation for the nations of the region and the rest of the international community. This tranquility has been disturbed, however, by two recent developments. The first was the physical occupation of the Nansha, or Spratly, Islands by some of the coastal states in the 1970s. This process continued through the rest of the century. Now, nearly all the islands and insular features within the Spratly Islands have been subjected to physical control by one littoral state or another.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Bentley, Scott. "China's New Maritime Legal Enforcement Strategy in the South China Sea: Legal Warfare and an Emerging Contest Over Norms at Sea." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1352918934.

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Hinton, Joseph R. "From SEATO to ASEAN: Prospects for Collective Security in Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1255.

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Recent developments in the South China Sea have shed light on the motivations and capabilities of China. A multilateral ASEAN defense community based on collective security would better situate claimant states to offset a rising China. Unfortunately, the lessons learned from SEATO, and the current internal characteristics of ASEAN, leave little hope for collective security to be achieved in Southeast Asia without superpower intervention.
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Roberts, Anthea Elizabeth. "Is International Law International?" Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/124611.

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International lawyers are familiar with the question: “Is international law law?” But this thesis instead asks the question: “Is international law international?” Using a variety of methods, this work sheds light on some of the ways in which international law as a transnational legal field is constructed by international law academics, and is conceptualized in international law textbooks, in the five permanent members of the Security Council: the People’s Republic of China, the French Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. It explores how different national communities of international lawyers construct and pass on their understandings of “international law” in ways that belie the field’s claim to universality, perpetuating certain forms of difference and dominance. By adopting a comparative approach, it aims to make international lawyers more aware of the frames that shape their own understandings of and approaches to the field, as well as how these might be similar to or different from the frames adopted by those coming from other states, regions or geopolitical groupings. It also examines how some of these patterns might be disrupted as a result of shifts in geopolitical power, such as the movement from unipolar power toward greater multipolarity and the growing confrontations between Western liberal democratic states (like the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) and non-Western authoritarian states (like China and Russia).
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Jackson, John W. "China in the South China Sea genuine multilateralism or a wolf in sheep's clothing?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9984.

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The South China Sea claimants base their claims on ancient documentation and archeological evidence. However, they largely ignored the territories until the 1960s, when natural resources speculations began. The 1982 UNCLOS magnified interest as claimants hoped to extend exclusive economic rights from their claims rather than continental coastlines. Another possible factor behind Chinese claims is the theory that Beijing desires to establish Chinese hegemony in the region. Beijing's shift from bilateral diplomacy and military aggression to multilateral diplomacy has created debate among Sinologists. Many argue China lacked the power necessary to assert its claims and now can finally attempt assertion again, thus the naval buildup. Others argue that natural resources drive China's SCS policy and still others believe bureaucratic infighting drives policy. Economic data shows a possible causal relationship between trade and China's political behavior. The 1996 U.S. Presidential campaign slogan, "It's the economy stupid," apparently applies to Beijing's SCS approach as well. The U.S. approach to the disputes remains one of ambivalence. As long as the United States maintains freedom of navigation through the area, Washington should remain concerned but uninvolved. Beijing largely feels the same way, with the important addition of guaranteeing access to the region's natural resources.
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Durani, Luis A. "China and the South China Sea: The Emergence of the Huaqing Doctrine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64376.

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China and the South China Sea region will play an important role in global and US strategic policy for the foreseeable future. Because China is an upcoming global economic power, the US and other nations must become cognizant of China's motivations in the South China Sea in order to avoid conflict, which seems inevitable. The purpose of this thesis is to examine China's conflicts/tensions in the South China Sea, specifically the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Taiwan, ASEAN, and US Navy. Discussions on the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will also provide additional insight to China's actions in the region. Understanding China's history, role, and claims in the region begins to paint a picture that the PLAN are operating under a principle very similar to the Monroe Doctrine, which allowed the US unfettered access to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Lastly, the thesis will demonstrate that the Chinese version of the Monroe Doctrine as well the country's desire to establish dominance in the South China Sea, which she sees as her "lost territory", is derived from the fear of an encirclement strategy implemented by the US and a nascent US-backed collective security regime, ASEAN.
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Sandy, Jordan M. "Chinese Nationalism and the South China Sea." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598620673257404.

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Tackett, Trevor M. "China-Philippine Joint Explorations| The Future of Competition and Cooperation in the South China Sea." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10822348.

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The South China Sea has long been a region of competition and tension. In the Spratly Islands alone, Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam maintain disputing claims to the region’s land features and surrounding maritime territories. Some argue that ongoing negotiations between China and the Philippines toward joint explorations of one of these disputed regions could be the key to promoting greater cooperation amongst the other claimants. These arguments, however, do not consider other elements of the international system that drive states to compete. Looking specifically at China, the Philippines, and the United States, this thesis analyzes joint explorations within the framework of motivational realism to understand the interaction of relevant historical elements, state objectives, and state estimations of one another’s power, offense-defense balance, and motives—greedy or security-seeking. The thesis then examines the specific case of joint explorations to understand historical, domestic, and international legal components restricting the pathways within which the two states could reach an agreement. Finally, this thesis concludes that, due to domestic constraints, international legal developments, state objectives, and the way in which China, the Philippines, and the United States assess one another’s motives, the South China Sea will likely remain a region of long-term competition and tension.

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Nguyen, Lan-Anh Thi. "The South China Sea dispute : a reappraisal in the light of international law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2aca0802-4fc2-400e-bcf4-e9bc3000dca1.

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Johnson, Adam Nieves. "A Bilateral Analysis of the South China Sea Dispute: China, the Philippines, and the Scarborough Shoal." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/661.

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The South China Sea is a sea with strategically important shipping lanes, an abundance of maritime resources, and potentially large amounts of oil and gas deposits. Because of the significance of the sea, China has claimed almost all of it, which has caused the Association of Southeast Asian Nation members (ASEAN) whose countries surround the sea (Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines) to take a stance against the encroachment. The most important non-Chinese claimant in the dispute is the Philippines, which shares a mutual defense treaty with the United States. The dispute has been analyzed from a bilateral perspective between China and the Philippines. A theoretical analysis of the dispute has been conducted through a Neorealist paradigm. How the two countries define international law and engage in diplomatic and military policies has also been closely examined. China has not sought foreign intervention whether from a nation or international organization, while the Philippines has preferred as much multilateralism as possible. A recent Scarborough Shoal dispute between the two countries has changed the dynamic of the dispute, and in examining the event and its outcome an inevitable conclusion of military action has been reached.
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Donahue, Connor Patrick. "Mare Imperium: the Evolution of Freedom of the Seas Discourse in U.S. Foreign Policy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100305.

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This dissertation conducts a genealogy of freedom of the seas discourse in United States foreign policy in order to problematize the contemporary representation lying at the heart of American political-military strategy in the Western Pacific. This project aims to accomplish two goals. First, this project aims to show that freedom of the seas is not an enduring historical principle consistently championed by the United States, as is often claimed in contemporary governmental publications. Rather, it shows that the current understanding is a recent phenomenon that emerged after the Second World War. By highlighting the contingency of the contemporary understanding of freedom of the seas, this work seeks to show that such discourse is not a necessary foundation on which to place American political-military strategy. The second objective of this genealogical analysis is to show that the contemporary freedom of the seas discourse in U.S. foreign policy is not an altruistic principle championed on behalf of the global community, but rather facilitates American control over the global ocean space. By showing that freedom of the seas is a mechanism of sea control, this work aims to show that in an era of maritime great power competition, strategies predicated upon the discourse are more dangerous than would otherwise appear. Together, this genealogical analysis, and the two goals that are made possible by it, will make a substantive contribution to the critical strategic studies literature, in conjunction with the wider critical security studies literature, by showing that American political-military strategy in the South China Sea can and should be reconceptualized.
Doctor of Philosophy
Currently, the United States is locked in a fierce competition with China in the South China Sea. The United States believes that Chinese actions in the region, such as claiming large swaths of maritime territory, constructing militarized artificial islands, and deploying weaponry designed to endanger American forces operating in the region, violates the principle of freedom of the seas. The United States asserts that it has consistently championed the principle freedom of the seas because it is the essential foundation of international peace and prosperity. Due to this, the U.S. claims that it will continue to defend the principle of freedom of the seas against Chinese depredations. However, this dissertation argues that the United States' political-military strategy in the Western Pacific is misrepresenting the concept of freedom of the seas and therefore failing to see the dangers at stake in the regional confrontation. To show this, this work writes a history of how the concept of freedom of the seas has been used in U.S. foreign policy over the course of American history. Such a history shows that the concept of freedom of the seas has not been consistently championed by the United States and is not an altruistic principle defended on behalf of international peace and prosperity. Instead, this project shows that the concept of freedom of the seas is used by the United States to facilitate control over the world's oceans on behalf of U.S. interests. It is problematic to portray the pursuit of American national interests as a universal altruistic good because it does not leave room open for compromise. In a time where China is rapidly developing their military forces to control sea themselves, basing American political-military strategy on the concept of freedom of the seas is increasingly dangerous.
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Books on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Makinano, Merliza M. Understanding the South China Sea dispute. Quezon City, Philippines: Office of Strategic and Special Studies, Armed Forces of the Philippines, 1998.

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Aquino, David Robert C. Mischief in the South China Sea: An overview. Valenzuela City, Philippines: PinoyIDS Pub. and Events Coordinator, 2001.

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Prescott, J. R. V. The South China Sea: Limits of national claims. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Maritime Institute of Malaysia, 1996.

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Schofield, Clive. From disputed waters to seas of opportunity: Overcoming barriers to maritime cooperation in East and Southeast Asia. Washington, D.C: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2011.

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Quilop, Raymund Jose G. Preventive diplomacy and the South China Sea dispute: Challenges and prospects. Quezon City, Philippines: Office of Strategic and Special Studies, Armed Forces of the Philippines, 2000.

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1964-, Raszelenberg Patrick, ed. China, Vietnam und die Gebietsansprüche im Südchinesischen Meer. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 2002.

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Makmur, Keliat, ed. Spratlys: The dispute in the South China Sea. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.

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Yu, Peter Kien-hong. A study of the Pratas, Macclesfield Bank, Paracels, and Spratlys in the South China Sea. Taipei: Tzeng Brothers Publications, 1988.

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Talmon, Stefan, and Bing Bing Jia. The South China Sea arbitration: A Chinese perspective. Oxford, United Kingdom: Hart Publishing, 2014.

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Lu, Tzu-chien. China's policy towards territorial disputes: The case of the South China Sea Islands. London: Routledge, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Hao, Chu, and Chen Qinghong. "Maritime Security Cooperation in the South China Sea." In International Order at Sea, 221–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58663-6_10.

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Poling, Gregory B. "A Brittle Status Quo in the South China Sea." In Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68038-1_1.

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Storey, Ian. "ASEAN’s Failing Grade in the South China Sea." In International Relations and Asia’s Southern Tier, 111–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3171-7_8.

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Tran, Le Duy. "Scenarios of the China’s ADIZs above the South China Sea." In ASEAN International Law, 95–107. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3195-5_6.

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Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The South China Sea Disputes: Some Blindspots and Misperceptions." In International Relations and Asia’s Southern Tier, 159–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3171-7_11.

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Lu, Yang, and Hou-Tse Hsu. "Pseudo-Harmonic Representation of Gravity Field over South China Sea." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 115–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18861-9_14.

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Truong, Thanh-Dam, and Karim Knio. "A Critical Genealogy of the Emergence of the South China Sea as a ‘Complex’ in International Relations." In The South China Sea and Asian Regionalism, 27–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13551-9_3.

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Jimenez, Angelo A. "Philippines’ Approaches to the South China Sea Disputes: International Arbitration and the Challenges of a Rule-Based Regime." In Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea, 99–127. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137463685_7.

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Bentley, Scott. "Malaysia’s “Special Relationship” with China and the South China Sea: Not So Special Anymore." In International Relations and Asia’s Southern Tier, 125–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3171-7_9.

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Pogies, Christian. "Oceans of Cynicism? Norm-Genesis, Lawfare and the South China Sea Arbitration Case." In Cynical International Law?, 143–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62128-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Ma, Yu, and Zhiqiang Hu. "Dynamic Analysis for a Spar-Type Wind Turbine Under Different Sea States." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10217.

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Due to the energy crisis and environmental issues like pollution and global warming, the seeking for renewable and clean energy is becoming crucial nowadays. The offshore floating wind turbines draw much attention recently as a means to capture the steadier and stronger wind resources available in deep water seas. This paper mainly deals with a spar-type wind turbine which is known as the OC3-Hywind concept and potentially set to be applied in South China Sea. Based on the specific environmental conditions in South China Sea, the dynamic responses of the turbine are evaluated. A steady wind direction and a series of different wave directions are set to estimate the effect of coupled wind-wave induced loads. Response characters of motions, mooring loads and several other critical parameters of the system are summarized and discussed. The calculations are carried out with the numerical simulation code FAST in time domain and frequency analysis are obtained using FFT method.
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Yu, Xichong, Bin Xie, Yuxing Li, Yan Li, Qing Wang, Bing Cheng, and Chunsheng Wang. "Experimental Verification Analysis of Propane Pre-Cooling and Dual Nitrogen Expansion Liquefaction Process Adaptable for Floating Liquid Natural Gas (FLNG) in South China Sea Deep Water Gas Field." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54150.

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Liquefaction process is one of the key technologies of offshore FLNG device and is charged by a few of the company’s patent protection. Due to the special offshore operating environment, the choice of FLNG liquefaction process is different from that of onshore. It is very important that FLNG liquefaction process suitable for the marine environment and the oil and gas properties of the South China Sea. In this paper, the static and dynamic performance of propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction process with independent intellectual property rights have been verified by experiment loop simulation with small scale 2000m3/d and middle scale 20000m3/d. Dynamic simulation experimental measures for liquefying key devices such as cold box placed on the swing experiment platform and propane separation tank and the cold box between difference of liquid level changes, are used to verify offshore adaptability of the liquefaction process. Through the static experiments of a small experimental loop with the scale of 2000m3/d simulation considers the liquefaction rate of 93%, energy consumption 0.42kw.h/m3; Dynamic experimental results through the cold box placed on the swinging platform shows that the heat transfer performance of cold box is not affected when FLNG hull roll wave reached 3.6 degrees. The mid-scale experimental simulation of 20000m3/d show that the liquefaction process has the advantages of simple debugging process, convenient operation, quick shutdown and restart, flexible operation, good adaptability to offshore operating parameters, and can realize 3 sets of refrigeration cycles simulation. The propane pre-cooling and dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction process with independent intellectual property rights through the static and dynamic experiments of small and middle scale experimental loop, is verified to the characteristics of high liquefaction rate, low energy consumption and good offshore adaptability. The liquefaction process with independent intellectual property rights can be used to as one of FLNG facility key technologies to develop offshore gas field and faraway from onshore of the South China Sea.
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Shilun, Zhao. "Dynamic Load Analysis of the Tower Structure of a Floating Wind Turbine Under Random Wind and Wave Excitation by Detuning Blade Pitch Controller Proportional Gains." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18405.

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Abstract This paper carried out coupled non-linear aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations of a semisubmersible floating wind turbine under normal and severe sea states at various wind speeds. The NREL 5MW turbine was modeled by the SIMO-RIFLEX module in SESAM with hydrodynamic gathered by the WADAM code. A taut leg mooring system with redundancy was applied to account for the relatively shallow water site in the South China Sea. By detuning KP, the proportional gain coefficient of the blade-pitch controller, the platform motions and dynamic load effects on tower structure were investigated. It was found that the reduction of KP mitigates the load effects on tower top and base connections in certain load conditions. The motion performance of the platform was improved to some extent. The generator power output, as well as the fluctuation, were analyzed. Finally, suggestion on detailed blade pitch gains tuning according to specific wind speed and sea state was given.
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Liu, Hongbing, Liping Sun, Ao Huang, Yipei Zhao, and Guoming Chen. "Performance-Based Analysis of Wind-Survivability for Large Offshore Jacket Platforms Subject to Hurricane." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77979.

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In connection with wind sensitivity for the large towering and open truss-type offshore jacket platforms subject to hurricanes, the wind-survivability of this large structure has attracted more attention. An innovative wind-survivability framework for the large offshore jacket platform is presented based on the performance-based analysis in this paper. The damage states of a large offshore jacket platform located in the South China Sea are divided into five grades DS1 ∼ DS5 under hurricanes, including intact, minor damage, moderate damage, severely damaged and collapsed, also the corresponding ultimate damage states LS1 ∼ LS4 are defined and derived. The results show that the braces yield failure on the bottom and top horns of the derrick are the main failure modes of the large jacket platform, which should be stronger reinforced to ensure their safety performances; the different ultimate damage state determination factors have a little influence on the wind-survivability envelopes of the jacket platform; the hurricane return period for the minor damage of the towering derrick is about 15 years, also the moderate damage is about 25 years, the severely damaged is about 165 years and the collapsed is about 225 years.
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Qiao, Dongsheng, Changxin Zheng, Binbin Li, Jinping Ou, and Gangjun Zhai. "Comparative Analysis on Fatigue Damage of Deepwater Hybrid Mooring Line." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20642.

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In the deepwater exploitation of oil and gas, the replacement of polyester rope for the wire in chain-wire-chain mooring line is proved to be fairly economic. Previous studies are mainly conducted to hydrodynamic analysis and dynamic response calculation, but there are few studies on the fatigue damage analysis of hybrid mooring line. Take the mooring system of a Spar platform as the research object, and the multi-component mooring lines are usually made up of chain-wire-chain. The representative mooring line has been considered while other conditions are kept unchanged, and top end tension-static offset characteristic curve of the two mooring lines are consistent as much as possible, meanwhile the polyester rope is adopted as the substitute for the wire, then the comparative calculation on fatigue damage of deepwater hybrid mooring line is carried on. The analysis of Spar platform response is carried out in which the wave force is calculated under diffraction theory. After the establishment of two-dimensional nonlinear finite element dynamic model of the hybrid mooring line, the calculation on stiffness of the hybrid mooring line is accomplished through the iterative method based on the empirical formula proposed by Del Vecchio in 1992. The mooring line and seabed interaction is based on the hypothesis of rigid seabed. The fluid drag force and inertia force on the mooring line are calculated according to the Morrison formula. The dynamic analysis is executed through time-domain nonlinear finite element method accounting for the response of the Spar platform which is calculated as above. The stress time histories of the hybrid mooring line in each short-term sea state of South China Sea area are calculated, and then the rain flow counting method is employed to obtain the fatigue load spectrum in each short-term sea state. The Miner linear cumulative law model is used to compare the fatigue damage of the hybrid mooring lines in long-term sea state which consists of tens of short-term sea states. The results show that the using of polyester rope as the substitute for the wire can significantly improve the fatigue resistance.
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Ma, Gang, Liping Sun, and Hongwei Wang. "The Analysis of Mooring Systems of a Drillship." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79320.

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In this paper the mooring system of a drill ship is analyzed which is designed for South China Sea in 1500 meters depth. The analyses of the mooring lines have been developed based on the theories dealing with slender structure and cables, so the elastic rod theory is used. Elastic rod theory is developed for the analysis of line dynamics. The governing equations of mooring lines and risers are treated in the global coordinate system without transforming the coordinate system. The hydrodynamic forces on the lines together with the strain and the stress of the structures caused by geometric nonlinearity are considered. The model of the rods allows for a small elongation, and permits large deflections and finite rotations. The rods are of elasticity and arbitrary configuration, with kind of loads and tension variation along its length acting on it, including the motion of rod, hydrodynamic force resulted from the external fluid and gravity. The fluid in the riser is considered for riser analysis, and the support of the sea bottom is presented for mooring line analysis. Finite element method is used to discrete mooring lines and risers, and lines dynamic analysis is executed with time integration method. A program is developed, and its validation is checked by comparison of numerical results to exact solutions for a nonlinear, static problem. Both static analysis and dynamic analysis of the whole system are done to ensure the mooring system of the drilling ship on 1500m depth can successfully applied.
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Han, Duanfeng, Kuo Huang, Yingfei Zan, Lihao Yuan, and Zhaohui Wu. "Dynamic Analysis on Critical Responses of Pipeline and Cable During Pipeline End Termination Installation." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18723.

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Abstract In order to figure out the dynamic characteristics of the pipeline and cable during pipeline end termination (PLET) installation based on S-laying, numerical simulation is carried out based on a practical operation project performed at Liwan oil and gas fields in the South China Sea. Four scenarios are selected from the PLET installation process in sequence for simulation. Critical responses of the pipeline and the cable in different scenarios of the operation are analyzed in this paper with a coupled model using RIFLEX module of SIMA software. Both the pipeline and the cable are modeled by the finite element method, and the pipelaying vessel is controlled by a dynamic positioning system. The simulation results are validated by the commonly used OrcaFlex software. The critical responses analyzed include static configuration, time-domain variation of axial tension at the top of the cable and bending moment variation near the touchdown point (TDP) of the pipeline. Furthermore, the time-domain variation of the tension at the top of the cable under different wave and current directions are also compared and analyzed, in order to study the effect of sea environment on the pipeline and cable during PLET installation operation. The results show that the responses of pipeline and cable vary in different operation scenarios, and the sea environment has remarkable effect on the pipeline and cable. The study in this paper is of value to the design of PLET installation based on pipelaying and can help predict the response of pipeline and cable during the operation.
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Bache*, Francois, Patrick Despland, Rhodri Johns, and Zlatko Eterovic. "Tectonostratigraphic Evolution of the South China Sea." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2195060.

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Hafez, K. A., W. Aboul-Fadl, and H. W. Leheta. "Comparative Dynamic Response Analysis of a Fixed Offshore Platform Using Deterministic and Spectral Wave Approaches." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83845.

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This paper investigates numerically the dynamic response of a fixed offshore platform, namely WHP, in a 2D irregular seaway using both deterministic and spectral design wave approaches. The long-crested irregular seaway is defined by Pierson Moskowitz (PM) spectrum with parameters suiting the WHP installation site. The platform dry weight is 10200 tonnes, sitting on 4 legs wellhead structure, and already installed in Hong Long field of Vietnam coast of South China Sea in a location of 45.47 meters water depth. The platform is supported on piles driven through its legs up to 100 meters protrusion into the seabed. The major construction components of WHP platform are prefabricated piles, jacket, deck, topside, helideck, boat-landing, and a number of J-tubes and risers. A 3D finite element model (FEM) of the platform is created to perform a comparative static and dynamic structural analysis of its response. The numerical results obtained from the deterministic and spectral design wave approaches are compared against each other, and partially validated against the actual platform measurements to introduce a reliable and meaningful interpretation of the numerical results. Finally, for the whole effort to be demonstrated efficiently a few conclusions are introduced and some future recommendations are proposed.
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Yu, Long, and Jiahua Tan. "Optimal Design Methodology for Multi-Component Mooring Systems in Deep Water." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20190.

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Multi-component mooring systems, one of the crucial equipments of offshore platforms, play an important role in deep water oil&gas production because of relative low cost and light weight. A single mooring line can be constructed by combination of wire ropes, chains, fiber ropes, buoys and connectors etc. and provide adequate restoring force at fairlead point of platforms. Although the static and dynamic analyzing approaches for a determined multi-component system have been studied already, it is still hard to design and predetermine an appropriate mooring system that can satisfy the codes with multi-component lines. Referred to the conventional mooring system design method, this paper brings out an optimal design methodology for multi-component mooring systems. According to quasi-static method, at extreme offset position of the platform, an optimization model for designing the multi-component mooring line with biggest tension in deep water has been provided. Then, with the aid of design wave method and morison equation, a finite element model has been used to calculate mooring line dynamics at each fairlead point in time domain. The nonlinear interaction of mooring lines and seabed has also been investigated. Heave and surge of the platform have also been considered. Both 2D and 3D mooring system models have been built to search the interference of the lines and directional influence of environment loads like current and wave. The paper applied this set of analyzing methods and processes into a deep water semisubmersible serving at South China Sea. Compared with the results calculated by other software, the methodology mentioned in the paper got similar result with less weight and bigger restoring force.
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Reports on the topic "South China Sea International status"

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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.
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Chu, Peter C. Coastal Atmospheric-Oceanic Coupled System (CAOCS) for the South China Sea (SCS)-A Modeling Component of the International South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630594.

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