Relevant bibliographies by topics / South American continent

Academic literature on the topic 'South American continent'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "South American continent"

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Brown, Matthew. "Cycling in South America, 1880-1920." Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 48, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 287–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v48n1.91552.

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Historians have tended to ignore the South American experience of cycling. The continent’s diverse history of sports has been effaced by a popular and academic focus on soccer. The global history of cycling has therefore omitted South America from its analysis, perpetuating mistaken assumptions about the continent’s absence from technological and social innovation. This article analyses the sources located across the continent to demonstrate that cyclists raced, toured, and did acrobatics, often watched by thousands of spectators, attracting the attention of chroniclers and the media. The physical sensations of travelling through the environment on a pedal-powered machine were new and unexpected. With its focus on cycling as sport, recreation and mode of transport, this article inserts South America into the early global history of cycling.
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Herrera, Michael B., Spiridoula Kraitsek, Jose A. Alcalde, Daniel Quiroz, Herman Revelo, Luz A. Alvarez, Millor F. Rosario, et al. "European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 2 (February 2020): 191558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191558.

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Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.
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Curcio, Ana. "President's Page: Resources and geophysical opportunities in South America." Leading Edge 41, no. 4 (April 2022): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41040228.1.

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The southern region of the American continent, or South America, is home to significant oil and gas, mineral, and renewable energy resources (Figure 1). Additionally, most South American countries provide a modern legal framework and incentives for investment in clean energy.
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KARA, Adem. "OTTOMAN ARMENIANS WHO MIGRATED SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENT." Journal of Academic Social Science Studies Volume 5 Issue 5, no. 5 (2012): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/jasss_205.

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Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy, and Eric B. Schneider. "The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 863–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000629.

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This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.
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Surovell, Todd A., Sarah A. Allaun, Barbara A. Crass, Joseph A. M. Gingerich, Kelly E. Graf, Charles E. Holmes, Robert L. Kelly, et al. "Late date of human arrival to North America: Continental scale differences in stratigraphic integrity of pre-13,000 BP archaeological sites." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): e0264092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264092.

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By 13,000 BP human populations were present across North America, but the exact date of arrival to the continent, especially areas south of the continental ice sheets, remains unclear. Here we examine patterns in the stratigraphic integrity of early North American sites to gain insight into the timing of first colonization. We begin by modeling stratigraphic mixing of multicomponent archaeological sites to identify signatures of stratigraphic integrity in vertical artifact distributions. From those simulations, we develop a statistic we call the Apparent Stratigraphic Integrity Index (ASI), which we apply to pre- and post-13,000 BP archaeological sites north and south of the continental ice sheets. We find that multiple early Beringian sites dating between 13,000 and 14,200 BP show excellent stratigraphic integrity. Clear signs of discrete and minimally disturbed archaeological components do not appear south of the ice sheets until the Clovis period. These results provide support for a relatively late date of human arrival to the Americas.
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Krawczak, Felipe S., Marcelo B. Labruna, Joy A. Hecht, Christopher D. Paddock, and Sandor E. Karpathy. "Genotypic Characterization of Rickettsia bellii Reveals Distinct Lineages in the United States and South America." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8505483.

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The bacterium Rickettsia bellii belongs to a basal group of rickettsiae that diverged prior to the pathogenic spotted fever group and typhus group Rickettsia species. Despite a diverse representation of R. bellii across more than 25 species of hard and soft ticks in the American continent, phylogeographical relationships among strains of this basal group-Rickettsia species are unknown; the work described here explores these relationships. DNA was extracted from 30 R. bellii tick isolates: 15 from the United States, 14 from Brazil, and 1 from Argentina. A total of 2,269 aligned nucleotide sites of 3 protein coding genes (gltA, atpA, and coxA) and 2 intergenic regions (rpmE-tRNAfmet and RC1027-xthA2) were concatenated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian methods. Results showed a separation of almost all isolates between North and South Americas, suggesting that they have radiated within their respective continents. Phylogenetic positions of the 30 isolates could be a result of not only their geographical origin but also the tick hosts they have coevolved with. Whether R. bellii originated with ticks in North or South America remains obscure, as our analyses did not show evidence for greater genetic divergence of R. bellii in either continent.
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Wisitrassameewong, Komsit, Myung Soo Park, Hyun Lee, Aniket Ghosh, Kanad Das, Bart Buyck, Brian P. Looney, et al. "Taxonomic revision of Russula subsection Amoeninae from South Korea." MycoKeys 75 (November 9, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.75.53673.

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Russula subsection Amoeninae is morphologically defined by a dry velvety pileus surface, a complete absence of cystidia with heteromorphous contents in all tissues, and spores without amyloid suprahilar spot. Thirty-four species within subsection Amoeninae have been published worldwide. Although most Russula species in South Korea have been assigned European or North American names, recent molecular studies have shown that Russula species from different continents are not conspecific. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) define which species of Russula subsection Amoeninae occur on each continent using molecular phylogenetic analyses; 2) revise the taxonomy of Korean Amoeninae. The phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and multilocus sequences showed that subsection Amoeninae is monophyletic within subgenus Heterophyllidiae section Heterophyllae. A total of 21 Russula subsection Amoeninae species were confirmed from Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and Central America, and species from different continents formed separate clades. Three species were recognized from South Korea and were clearly separated from the European and North American species. These species are R. bella, also reported from Japan, a new species described herein, Russula orientipurpurea, and a new species undescribed due to insufficient material.
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Pereira, Anieli Guirro, and Carlos G. Schrago. "Arrival and diversification of mabuyine skinks (Squamata: Scincidae) in the Neotropics based on a fossil-calibrated timetree." PeerJ 5 (April 18, 2017): e3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3194.

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BackgroundThe evolution of South American Mabuyinae skinks holds significant biogeographic interest because its sister lineage is distributed across the African continent and adjacent islands. Moreover, at least one insular species,Trachylepis atlantica, has independently reached the New World through transoceanic dispersal. To clarify the evolutionary history of both Neotropical lineages, this study aimed to infer an updated timescale using the largest species and gene sampling dataset ever assembled for this group. By extending the analysis to the Scincidae family, we could employ fossil information to estimate mabuyinae divergence times and carried out a formal statistical biogeography analysis. To unveil macroevolutionary patterns, we also inferred diversification rates for this lineage and evaluated whether the colonization of South American continent significantly altered the mode of Mabuyinae evolution.MethodsA time-calibrated phylogeny was inferred under the Bayesian framework employing fossil information. This timetree was used to (i) evaluate the historical biogeography of mabuiyines using the statistical approach implemented in BioGeoBEARS; (ii) estimate macroevolutionary diversification rates of the South American Mabuyinae lineages and the patterns of evolution of selected traits, namely, the mode of reproduction, body mass and snout–vent length; (iii) test the hypothesis of differential macroevolutionary patterns in South American lineages in BAMM and GeoSSE; and (iv) re-evaluate the ancestral state of the mode of reproduction of mabuyines.ResultsOur results corroborated the hypothesis that the occupation of the South American continent by Mabuyinae consisted of two independent dispersion events that occurred between the Oligocene and the Miocene. We found significant differences in speciation rates between the New World and the remaining Mabuyinae clades only in GeoSSE. The influence of phenotypic traits on diversification rates was not supported by any method. Ancestral state reconstruction suggested that the ancestor of South American mabuyine was likely viviparous.DiscussionOur analyses further corroborated the existence of a transoceanic connection between Africa and South America in the Eocene/Oligocene period (Atlantogea). Following colonization of the isolated South America and subsequent dispersal through the continent by the ancestral mabuyine stock, we detected no difference in macroevolutionary regimes of New World clades. This finding argued against the ecological opportunity model as an explanation for the diversity of living mabuyines.
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Jayathilaka, Ruwan, Oshada Athukorala, Sanduni Ishara, Dishani Silva, and Tanya Pathirage. "Alcohol brings burdens: A global and continent wise study on alcohol consumption and global burden of diseases." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): e0270998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270998.

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This article investigates alcohol consumption attributable burden of diseases. The present study considers the overall effect of Human Development Index (HDI), Socio Demographic Index (SDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for income to measure how these variables impact Global Burden of Diseases (GDB), bringing a different perspective to the results. Data from over 177 countries mainly including European, Asian, North American, South American, African and Australian regions were analysed from 2000 to 2019. A Panel regression technique was applied, and Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) estimations were chosen to derive outcomes of the Hausman test. The findings reflected that alcohol consumption (wine, beer, spirit and other alcohol) has a positive significant relationship with the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) globally and in the African continent excluding North America and South America. Human Development Index (HDI) have a negative impact on GBD on all countries. Particularly HDI have a negative impact on GBD in African continent except other continents. Also, in the African continent and globally, GBD has a significant positive and in Europe, a significant negative impact on the Socio Demographic Index (SDI). The findings demonstrate the overall picture of the impact of alcohol consumption and other variables on GBD and provide suggestions on how these variables should be tackled in the future to reduce GBD. This is the initial empirical study that investigates the impact of alcohol consumption, analysing the combined effect of HDI, SDI and income on the GBD of continent wise and globally.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "South American continent"

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CASTRO, FERNANDO LUIZ VALE. "PLANNING ABOUT A CONTINENT: THE REVISTA AMERICANA AND A CULTURE PROJECT TO SOUTH AMÉRICA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11274@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar, enquanto uma comunidade argumentativa, a Revista Americana publicada pelo Itamaraty, com algumas interrupções, entre os anos de 1909 e 1919. Nesse sentido o pilar central do trabalho pautou-se na análise dos debates, dos atos de fala formulados, acerca da compreensão do papel a ser exercido pela diplomacia no novo concerto internacional, valorizando a discussão sobre temáticas relacionadas ao posicionamento da América do Sul no contexto mundial. É possível notar a valorização, nas páginas da Revista, de determinados aspectos da história sulamericana, com o objetivo de se construir um ideal continental. Tal valorização possibilita pensá-la como um espaço no qual se refletiu sobre um projeto para a América do Sul, baseado na construção de uma identidade, marcada por características próprias e específicas construídas ao longo de sua história e que teriam, sobretudo, por meio da ação de sua diplomacia a possibilidade de concretização.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze, as an argumentative community, the Revista Americana, that has been published by the Itamaraty, with some interruptions, from 1909 to 1919. The scope of this thesis was based upon some debates` analyzes and the perception and understanding of diplomacy`s new role at the international scenario, pointing out some arguments about South America`s position in the world`s panorama. It is possible to perceive on the pages of the Revista the appreciation of some aspects of South America`s History that clearly express the intention to establish a new idealism for the continent. This appreciation has brought up the idea that the Revista was a space to reflect a new project to South America in which a new identity would be built with some very specific characteristics that have been shaped through out History and that would be established by diplomatic action.
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Sorrells, Gary Joe. "The Continent of Great Cities ministry a goal and a strategy for church establishment in urban South America /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Catena, Angeline M. Catena. "Testing the causes of middle Miocene Neotropical provinciality in South America." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case152278062459478.

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FILHO, CLAUDIO URBANO B. PINHEIRO. "REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA: THE CONTINENT S REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE ACCORDING TO ITS INSTITUTIONS - MERCOSUR, ALBA AND AP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34590@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A presente dissertação tem por finalidade analisar a atual disposição da arquitetura regional da América do Sul; fazendo-a em particular, por meio do sistemático exame da composição e do conteúdo dos principais temas e agendas, que compõem as mais proeminentes instituições regionais do continente, isto é, o Mercosul, a ALBA e a Aliança do Pacífico. Para cumprir com tal objetivo, pretende-se construir um modelo analítico simples, centrado na percepção que cada uma das referidas instituições possui, a respeito de quatro temas-chave considerados institucionalmente prioritários – princípios institucionais, integração produtiva, sistema financeiro e infraestrutura e transportes – e que envolvem integração regional; visando, identificar sobre que orientações paradigmáticas integrativas tais instituições se assentam, se as agendas entre estas instituições são: convergentes, complementares ou dissonantes entre si; e a influência que a combinação das interações entre estas exercem, para com a atual disposição da Arquitetura Regional na América do Sul. Esta dissertação argumenta que a atual disposição da Arquitetura Regional sul-americana subsiste em módulos.
This dissertation aims to analyze the current provision of regional architecture in South America; by doing so, in particular, through the systematic examination of the composition and the content of the main themes and agendas, which make up the most prominent regional institutions of the continent namely Mercosur, ALBA, and the Pacific Alliance. To fulfill this objective, the intente is to build a simple analytical model, centred around the perception that each one of these institutions have about four key institutional priority issues – institutional principles, productive integration, financial system and infrastructure and transport - and also involves regional integration; in order to Identify on which paradigmatic integrative guidelines such institutions are based, If the agendas between these institutions are: convergent, complementary or dissonant to each other; and the influence that the combination of the interactions between them exert, in relation to the current disposition of Regional Architecture in South America. This dissertation argues that the present layout of South American Regional Architecture subsists in modules.
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Kollenz, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Ulrich Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Glasmacher. "Long-term landscape evolution, cooling and exhumation history of the South American passive continental margin in NE Argentina & SW Uruguay / Sebastian Kollenz ; Betreuer: Ulrich Anton Glasmacher." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180500679/34.

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Brens, Raul Jr. "U-Th-Ba Elemental Fractionation during Partial Melting of Crustal Xenoliths and its Implications for U-series Disequilibria in Continental Arc Rocks." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/406.

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Understanding U-series isotopic disequilibria of partially melted crust is integral for determining the effect that crustal assimilation has on the U-series signature of magmas. In this work, U, Th and Ba (as a proxy for Ra) elemental abundances were gathered on the quenched glass in partially melted crustal xenoliths of granitic composition using microbeam techniques. The crustal xenoliths, which are found in basaltic lava, from Mirador Volcano in Chile, are old, and can be assumed to be at secular equilibrium, whereas melting occurred during eruption of Mirador in 1979. A comparison of the ratios Ba/Th and U/Th in the partial melts with those of the whole rock reveal how much fractionation has occurred during partial melting. Different ratios of U, Th and Ba compared to the whole rock substantiate fractionation via partial melting. Thus, assimilation of partial melts of crust can play a role in U-series isotopic disequilibria.
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Razik, Sebastian [Verfasser], Tilo von [Akademischer Betreuer] Dobeneck, and Cristiano M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Chiessi. "How magnetics and granulometry of continental margin sediments reflect terrestrial and marine environments of South America and West Africa / Sebastian Razik. Gutachter: Tilo von Dobeneck ; Cristiano M. Chiessi. Betreuer: Tilo von Dobeneck." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072226529/34.

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Reza, Germán A. De la. "¿Necesidad o virtud? Razones y alcances de los tratados continentales hispanoamericanos de 1856." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121705.

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This article examines the origins and motivations of the Continental Treaties of 1856, and their differences from the confederative treaties concluded in Panama in 1826 and Lima in 1848. It also seeks to explain the transition from the Bolivarian cooperative approach to a vision based in the balance of powers. As a result of this process, unionism appears as a temporary move, skeptical about its own achievements.
El presente artículo estudia los orígenes y las motivaciones de los tratado scontinentales de 1856 y sus diferencias respecto de los tratados confederativos concluidos en Panamá en 1826 y en Lima en 1848. En particular, se analiza el tránsito del enfoque cooperativo antimonárquico al defensivo excluyente de Estados Unidos; de la visión unionista bolivariana a la concepción del balance de poderes. Como resultado de ese proceso, el unionismo se constituye en una maniobra influida por la coyuntura y el escepticismo sobre sus propios alcances.
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Smith, David R. "Nathanael Greene and the Myth of the Valiant Few." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062831/.

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Nathan Greene is the Revolutionary Warfare general most associated with unconventional warfare. The historiography of the southern campaign of the revolution uniformly agrees he was a guerrilla leader. Best evidence shows, however, that Nathanael Greene was completely conventional -- that his strategy, operations, tactics, and logistics all strongly resembled that of Washington in the northern theater and of the British commanders against whom he fought in the south. By establishing that Greene was within the mainstream of eighteenth-century military science this dissertation also challenges the prevailing historiography of the American Revolution in general, especially its military aspects. The historiography overwhelmingly argues the myth of the valiant few -- the notion that a minority of colonists persuaded an apathetic majority to follow them in overthrowing the royal government, eking out an improbable victory. Broad and thorough research indicates the Patriot faction in the American Revolution was a clear majority not only throughout the colonies but in each individual colony. Far from the miraculous victory current historiography postulates, American independence was based on the most prosaic of principles -- manpower advantage.
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Warkus, Frank. "Die neogene Hebungsgeschichte der Patagonischen Anden im Kontext der Subduktion eines aktiven Spreizungszentrums." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2002/0024/warkusf.pdf.

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Books on the topic "South American continent"

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South American kaleidoscope: A gringo granny's views and impressions of an exciting continent. Dublin: Original Writing, 2008.

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Crossing the continent, 1527-1540: The story of the first African-American explorer of the American South. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Lavallée, Danièle. The first South Americans: The peopling of a continent from the earliest evidence to high culture. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2000.

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Tambussi, Claudia P., and Federico Degrange. South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5467-6.

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Viva South America!: A journey through a restless continent. London: Faber, 2010.

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Growel, María. Presencia femenina en la plástica continental. Montevideo, Uruguay: Barreiro y Ramos, 1992.

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Haupt, Lyanda Lynn. Pilgrim on the Great Bird Continent. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009.

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B, George Wilma, and Lavocat René, eds. The Africa-South America connection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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Barbier-Mueller, Musée. Artes rituales del nuevo continente: América precolombina. [Milán]: Skira, 1997.

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Scott, Frances K. Continent at a crossroads: Prosperity, justice, and security in South America. Colorado: United States Air Force Academy, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "South American continent"

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Human Myiasis on the South American Continent." In Infectious Tropical Diseases and One Health in Latin America, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99712-0_9.

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Jarty, Julie, and Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Silverman, Helaine. "Continental Introduction." In The Handbook of South American Archaeology, 3–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_1.

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Speziale, Karina L. "Continental analysis of invasive birds: South America." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 296–303. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0296.

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Ollier, Cliff. "Planation Surfaces of the Gondwana Continents: Synthesis and Problems." In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America, 61–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7702-6_4.

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Drewes, Hermann, Klaus Kaniuth, Wolfgang Seemüller, Klaus Stuber, Herbert Tremel, José Napoléon Hernandez, Melvin Hoyer, Eugen Wildermann, Luiz Paulo Fortes, and Katia Duarte Pereira. "Monitoring the Continental Reference Frame in South America." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 134–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59745-9_24.

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Ballesteros-Prada, Angélica. "Modern Benthic Foraminifera “Phylum Foraminifera (D’Orbigny 1826)” of the Panama Bight: A Census Report Based on Thanatocoenoses from the Continental Slope." In Advances in South American Micropaleontology, 175–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02119-1_9.

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Rossy, Clàudia, María Gámiz, Silvia Recoder, Iris Crespo, Maria Fernández-Capo, Edward B. Davis, and Ethan K. Lacey. "Positive Psychology and Religion/Spirituality Across Cultures in Europe, Non-US North America, and South America." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_15.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to synthesize and critique the research on positive psychology and psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S) that has been conducted in Europe, non-US North America (Canada and Central America), and South America. In light of the importance of considering cultural differences and similarities across religions and continents, this chapter synthesizes how cultural factors may affect research and practice on positive psychology and the psychology of R/S in these regions of the world. We start with a brief overview of the sociocultural and religious backdrop of these regions. Then we turn to review the main findings in each area, specifying how and what topics have been emphasized in the research on positive psychology and R/S. Finally, we consider practical implications for research and clinical practice, as well as some gaps in the current literature and future directions for research.
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Akkari, Abdeljalil, and Myriam Radhouane. "Intercultural Education in Brazil." In Intercultural Approaches to Education, 95–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70825-2_7.

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AbstractBrazil is a country of continental dimensions making up half of South America, both in its surface area and in its population. Its history and ethno-cultural diversity have converted this vast space into a unique place for the application of intercultural approaches in education. In this chapter, we will examine the reasons inciting public educational policies to pay attention to this theme, but we will also describe the resulting tensions.
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Gago, Alberto Daniel. "Open Dialogue with Stephen Clarkson from the South of the Continent: The Current Situation in the Continent—Globalization, Dependency, and Governance." In Governance Dilemmas in Canada, North America, and Beyond: A Tribute to Stephen Clarkson, 139–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81973-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "South American continent"

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Adam, Claudia. "STRESS MODELS OVER THE CENTRAL NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-327475.

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Corrales, Julian Javier, Hugo Alberto García, Mauricio Gallego Silva, and Elkin Gerardo Avila. "Study for the Determination of Seismic Hazard for the Ocensa Oil Pipeline." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8538.

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The Andes mountain range crosses South America from South to North, is created by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate, this situation generates a high seismic and volcanic activity which have been decisive in shaping the relief of the continent. The OCENSA pipeline crosses the Andes Mountains on its way to transport crude from the oil fields of the eastern plains to the port of Coveñas on the Caribbean Sea. Therefore for the integrity department of Ocensa the assessment of seismic hazard is among one of its priorities. In this paper the results of the study in Ocensa for determination of seismic hazard for the pipeline and its major facilities are presented.
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Maurya, Ved P., Sergio L. Fontes, and Emanuele F. Laterra. "A FAST NOVEL APPROCH TO LOCATE CONTINENT-OCEANIC BOUNDARY OVER SOUTH AMERICAN PASSIVE MARGIN." In 15th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 31 July-3 August 2017. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2017-204.

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Wilkomirsky, Michèle. "Design Journey: A View from the Global South." In LINK 2022. Tuwhera Open Access, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v3i1.189.

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In 1984 the Travesías was incorporated as a preponderant activity in the study plan for all the Architecture and Design workshops at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso from Chile. The voyages are study tours of professors and students whose purpose is to build together a work of design construction and light duration somewhere in America. The equation of the journey is always open: the place, the number of resources and impediments make it an adventure. But it is not an adventure without measure, but that of allowing ourselves to be surprised by some dimension of America that we do not know or believe we know, and then we feel in direct experience. The Travesías project constitutes the last of the inventions of the school, which, together with the Phalène, Ciudad Abierta and the churches built by the Work Workshops in the south of Chile, has been developing to fulfil the vision of inhabiting this American continent. It was to realize a utopia, of itself the unrealizable. However, the saying of poetry and the doing of design propose the fit of life, work, and study. The first step was forty years ago with the founding of the Institute of Architecture, and ten years ago, the passage of the e Travesías that go out to tour the continent. These steps are not intermediaries for other purposes; if not so that our days are simultaneous to our work, and thus, we reach the present. After almost 20 years of experiencing these Travesías, we still ask ourselves about our poetic destiny as a vision of this America not discovered but founded as a gift. The journey, unlike the class in the classroom, incorporates the life of the student, their customs and social ties, as well as their personal characteristics, values, attitudes and knowledge of life. This can only be appreciated and evidenced through uprooting pedagogy in the classroom. Then, once the student is subjected to an extraordinary life regime, it will be precisely his most intimate thoughts and actions that will remain in all evidence, a situation that is difficult to obtain in the traditional and regulated structure that constitutes teaching in the classroom to this day. This presentation illustrates the last Design Travesía, held in November of the present year and the continuous question about our global south.
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Kender, Walter J. "Citrus Canker: Impacts of Research on Eradication and Control." In ASME 1986 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1986-3204.

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Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease (CBCD), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, occurs in many citrus areas of the world. It has been reported in 40 different countries, on 5 continents (Asia, South Africa, Australia, South America and North America). Prior to the 1984 outbreak in Florida, the 4 known strains of the bacterium were A, B, C and Mexican bacterioses. Canker-A or Strain-A, endemic in Asia, was reported in China, India and Java in the early 1800’s, found in Japan in 1899 and in the Philippines in 1914. It affects most citrus species and hybrids. Grapefruit is especially susceptible. Strain-A was introduced into the United States from Japan on trifoliate orange seedlings in 1910. An eradication program was started in 1915 in Florida and the disease was eradicated in 1927. In South America, the Asiatic form was not found until 1957 in Brazil and 1972 in Argentina. In 1979, the A Strain broke out in the commercial citrus area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Paper published with permission.
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Lonergan, L., J. Collier, C. McDermott, J. Fruehen, and P. Bellingham. "Seismic Velocity Structure of Two Types of Seaward-Dipping Reflectors on the South American Continental Margin." In 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201901318.

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Costa, Fabiene Cristina Carvalho, and Carlos David Nassi. "Urban mobility, socioeconomic and urban transport variables in metropolitan areas in three continents." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3763.

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Transportation is the soul of urban cities. Find sustainable ways to keep people moving in our cities is more important than ever. Historically, cities have developed in different ways. Each has its own personality and complexity. But in all cases, transport and mobility have played a key role in city life. Due to the relevance of mobility this article tries to establish the relationship between some variables. The method was developed by collecting, analyzing and comparing data on metropolitan regions in North America, South America, Europe and Oceania through a mathematical model. From each selected location the following data were gathered: population, area (km²), demographic density (inhab/km²), socio-economic aspects (annual GDP per capita), transport system (subway extension), number of trips per person per day and modal split (% non-motorized, % public transport and % private transport). In this study we analyze some variables that influence the number of trips per person per day. Understanding the associations between all the variables that influence the number of trips per person per day contributes the planners to determine whether changes are needed to improve in the transport system in the metropolitan region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3763
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Carrapa, Barbara, Andrea Stevens Goddard, Scott Meek, and Peter G. DeCelles. "RESOLVING SOURCE-TO-SINK DYNAMICS BY MULTI-PROXY DATA FROM THE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-356133.

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Faiz, Qurat, and Jorge E. González. "Climatology and Trends of Heat Index, Human Discomfort Index and Energy per Capita for CONUS and Meso-America." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72532.

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Abstract Air temperature and humidity both affect the human comfort and health in warm and humid climates. An effective way to measure the overall effect of temperature and humidity on human comfort (or discomfort) is using the term referred as Heat Index (HI). The HI is a measure of how people “feel” when exposed to warm and humid environments, making it an effective variable to explain the effects of heat in people, to alert of heat advisories, and to reform public health policies. Evidently, heat index is a changing variable with geography and with climate seasons and change. This research aims to investigate the spatial and temporal trends of Heat Index and energy per capita (EPC) in the Continental US (CONUS) and the Meso-America (the Caribbean, and Northern Regions of South America). In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and trends of heat index and EPC in different regions of the CONUS and the Meso-America, hourly air temperature and relative humidity datasets were collected from two sources; The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and weather stations for the period of thirty years: 1990 to 2019. The Algorithm used in our study to determine the HI is similar to the one used by the National Weather Service (NWS) measuring air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (T) and relative humidity in percent (RH). Our analysis of the HI and EPC climatology for the summer season for Southeast US and the Meso-America exhibits the largest values in Southeast US, followed by the Greater Antilles, and then the Lesser Antilles. HI is used herein to quantify the impacts of these warming trends on EPC. Results of the analysis depict a Southern Greater Antilles with a positive EPC rate of 2 kWh per year for summer season. These spatial trends using NARR data were found to correlate very well with selected weather stations and were also determined to be statistically significant. The state level trends of electricity consumption per person per year (Figure 5.) suggests, in general, a correlation between trends on total energy consumption per capita and increasing maximum heat index. Therefore, increased energy production and improved energy infrastructure will be required to maintain ideal indoor building conditions as consequence of a warmer climate.
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Lopez Frasca, Stella, Federico Soriano Pelaez, and Ana Laura Castillo. "Superorganismo." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11670.

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The year 2020 was marked by virtuality, a situation derived from the pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus. This situation brought with it an infinity of structural problems in terms of the digital and spatial divide. From the shared experience, it was sought to achieve a dynamic collaborative activity where the differences and cultural coincidences of two academic units from two continents (Europe and South America) were able to achieve a synergy that would enhance critical thinking. During this linking experience, the question arose if information technology produces mutations in the Design Process. This new paradigm has had implications not only in the practice of architecture, but also in its teaching. In this way, mixed work cells were created, presenting a unique architectural project. The interchangeable corrections were closed with qualifications through the disappearance of limits and borders, and the combination in a single teaching entity. El año 2020 estuvo marcado por la virtualidad, situación derivada por la pandemia originada por el virus Covid-19. Esta situación trajo aparejados infinidad de problemas estructurales en cuanto a la brecha digital y espacial. De la experiencia compartida se buscó lograr una actividad dinámica colaborativa donde las diferencias y coincidencias culturales de dos unidades académicas de dos continentes (Europa y América del Sur) pudieron lograr una sinergia que potenciara el pensamiento crítico. Durante esta experiencia de vinculación surgió la pregunta si la tecnología de la información produce mutaciones en el Proceso Proyectual. Este nuevo paradigma ha tenido implicancia no sólo en la práctica de la arquitectura, sino también en su enseñanza. De esta manera se constituyeron células de trabajo mixtas presentando un proyecto arquitectónico único. Las correcciones intercambiables se cerraron con calificaciones a través de la desaparición de límites y fronteras, y de la combinación en una sola entidad docente.
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Reports on the topic "South American continent"

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Araujo, Susana, Araujo, Susana, Mariah Cannon, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Alex Shankland, Mieke Snijder, and Yi-Chin Wu. Key Considerations: Indigenous Peoples in COVID-19 Response and Recovery. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.024.

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Indigenous peoples have experienced heightened vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic and face disproportionately high COVID-19 mortality. To better address these vulnerabilities, it is critical to adapt COVID-19 programmes to the particular needs of indigenous peoples, as articulated by indigenous voices. It is also vital to link up with responses already ongoing and led by indigenous peoples to mitigate this crisis. This SSHAP brief discusses key considerations for COVID-19 response and recovery, with a particular focus on the Amazon region of South America. The considerations in this brief are drawn from a review of evidence and insights provided by indigenous leaders and researchers from several different continents. The considerations are rooted in key principles for indigenous community engagement, as articulated by indigenous peoples and organisations. This brief may be of interest to health and development policymakers and practitioners working in indigenous communities and territories and can be read in conjunction with the SSHAP background report on ‘Indigenous Peoples and COVID-19.’
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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