Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'South African fur seal'
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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia:Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030124.162757/.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed May 8, 2005). Consists of reprints of thirteen published papers, some co-authored with others, plus an introductory chapter, two unpublished manuscripts, and a conclusion. Includes bibliographical references.
Huisamen, Johan. "Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438.
Full textWickens, Patricia Anne. "Interactions of the South African fur seal and fisheries in the Benguela ecosystem." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22566.
Full textThis thesis adopts an holistic approach to evaluation of the "seal problem", which encompasses the operational and biological interactions between the South African fur seal and fisheries in the Benguela Ecosystem. The operational interactions are examined using a qualitative assessment, and speculative, single-species simulation models are developed to improve understanding of seal population dynamics, present options for seal management and explore seal-fishery interactions. The models show that the probability of a seal living longer than 20 years is 14%; that the population has increased at a rate of 5.1 % p.a. since the last major census in 1983; that in 1988 there were an estimated 1.5 million seals that consumed over 2 million tons of fish; that although seal population size is usually estimated by multiplying the number of pups by a factor of 4, this factor is very variable and under different culling regimes is usually greater than 4; that historically, the mean population : pup ratio is 4.55. The most effective means of reducing the population is to cull both pups and bulls (the population decrease resulting mainly from reduced pup production caused by disturbance during bull culling). Culling pups is the least effective means of population control. Culling cows alters the population sex ratio drastically and is considered undesirable. To achieve a small or negative population growth rate, more bulls and pups need to be culled than have been taken historically. Each of the fisheries is found to be subject to operational interactions with seals, this being most severe for the purse-seine fishery. The per capita consumption of fish by seals is similar under any management regime so it is not justified to adopt a particular culling strategy to reduce overall consumption. When either seal predation or fishing mortality is reduced, the model simulates an increase in fishery yield of Cape hakes. But there is inadequate understanding of hake population dynamics at present, and depending on the interactions between species, decreased predation may result in increased or decreased fishery yields. This study shows that operational interactions are a real problem and this biases the opinion of fishermen towards seals as competitors for fish resources.
Stewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae)from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030124.162757/index.html.
Full textStewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.
Full textKim, Sunghee. "Olfactory discrimination ability of South African fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) for enantiomers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78364.
Full textJewell, Oliver Joseph David. "Foraging ecology of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias at Dyer Island, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30926.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
De, Vos Alta. "Anti-predator behaviour of Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus in relation to predation by white sharks Carcharodon carcharias around Seal Island, False Bay, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10423.
Full textHow predators affect the behaviour of their prey is one of the most studied subjects in behavioural ecology, with many hypothesis and models explaining how animals should behave and even more descriptive studies detailing how they do. The unification of the empirical with the theoretical, however, remains limited. The overall aim of my thesis was to address this paucity at Seal Island, South Africa, where recently quantified patterns of predation pressure by white sharks Carcharodon carcharias on Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus suggested a landscape of fear particularly apposite to this.
Lord, Elin. "Olfactory discrimination of aliphatic 2-ketones and 1-alcohols in South African fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18932.
Full textPillay, Pavitray. "Competition for anchovy (Engraulis capensis) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) between the Cape Gannet (Morus capensis), Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) and the purse-seine fishery on the west coast of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7422.
Full textCompetition for pelagic fish resources was investigated by assessing the overlap in the food base of three land-based predators: Cape gannet (Morus capensis), Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) and humans operating via a purse-seine fishery. Multivariate analysis the diet composition of gannets and seals and the catch composition of the pelagic fishery indicated that there were three ""feeding regimes"" during the 21-year study period: (1978-1998), an anchovy-dominated regime (1978-1983), an intermediate regime (1984-1990) and a sardine-abundant regime (1991-1998). It further showed that anchovy (Engraulis capensis) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) contributed substantially to the catches of all three top predators. Analysis of size-distributions of catches showed that the three predators generally caught the same sizes of anchovy and sardine, reflecting very little resource partitioning. The analysis demonstrated stronger competition between gannets and the purse-seiners than between gannets and seats, especially during seasons of poor recruitment. Furthermore, seasonal differences in the catches of the three predators are related to the recruitment, growth and migration of the prey species. The study confirmed previous observations that gannets prefer sardine to anchovy by showing gannet exploitation of sardine in the early 19905, when anchovy was still abundant. The gannets, which are species-specific feeders, may be impacted by substantial removals of pelagic fish resources by a large seal population and a large fishery.
Harcourt, Robert Geoffrey. "Maternal influences on pup survival and development in the South American fur seal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358919.
Full textPhillips, Alana Violette. "Vocal communication and mother-pup interactions in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28977.pdf.
Full textMcKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
Full textNyman, Tanya. "Screening for fluorescent and chromoproteins from South African sea anemones." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5128.
Full textSea anemones (Order Actinaria) are a diverse order from the Class Anthozoa. They are found in all marine habitats at all depths and their symbiotic relationships play an important role in energy transfers especially in the benthic-pelagic community. The evolutionary background and phylogenetics of the class is poorly understood due to a lack of correspondence between taxonomic and molecular data (Daly et al. 2008). Therefore, a deeper exploration into Cnidarian molecular biology is needed to establish these as an evolutionary model organism. Gene discovery from various marine invertebrates has facilitated the recovery of anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics and reporter genes (Faulkner, 2000; Allen and Jaspars, 2009). The most commercially lucrative products from sea anemones are fluorescent and chromoproteins (FP/CP), which are used as non-invasive real-time reporter genes. The applications for these proteins are extensive and range from monitoring cellular processes such as protein localisation and interactions to imaging (Alieva et al. 2008). Therefore, novel FP and CPs have potential for commercialization. The aims of the project were to analyze basic molecular diversity of the sea anemones Pseudactinia varia, Pseudactina flagellifera and Bunodosoma capensis and evaluate a new screening method to isolate novel FP and CPs. To assess the basic molecular diversity, of the sea anemones and their associated symbionts 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA clone libraries were generated. The sea anemones used in this study clustered together with those of the Family Actiniidae. The bacterial associations observed based on the closest relative BLAST analysis were dominated by Proteobacteria (gamma, alpha and epsilon) as well as Bacteroides. The associate bacterial symbionts possibly produce compounds that range from polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates to anti-microbial compounds that aid the host in various processes. In order to screen for FPs and CPs from sea anemones three types of cDNA libraries were generated to be screened either by sequence based or activity based approaches. Novel primers were designed which could be applied for the screening of a variety of Anthozoans. A positive control was also designed and synthesised in order to test the capability of the designed primers and optimise the amplification. Although amplicons were generated from gDNA and cDNA libraries from each of the sea anemones they were found to be non-specific products. The detection limit is likely to be the limiting factor. The construction of an activity based library was not achieved due to technical constraints, which highlights the need for new molecular tools in this field or improvements to the existing ones.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Manganyi, Calvin. "South African naval diplomacy since 1994." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86420.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of naval power, navies have been used by their states as instruments of foreign policy. In South Africa, the political transition since 1994 originated the evolution of the country’s foreign policy. Accordingly, foreign policy has implications for the South African Navy (SAN). Traditionally, navies have three main roles, namely: military, policing and diplomatic, roles. This study only focuses on the diplomatic role of the navy, termed naval diplomacy. In this regard, the SAN is the custodian of South African naval diplomacy. The purpose of this study is to investigate and theoretically appraise the nature and scope of South African naval diplomacy since 1994. The study has two objectives: firstly, it seeks to outline the most salient features of South Africa’s foreign policy, post-1994, as the framework for naval diplomacy; and secondly, it seeks to analyse and describe how the SAN has utilised naval diplomacy, namely: maritime coercion, naval cooperation, international maritime assistance, and international conflict resolution and management, in pursuit of South Africa’s foreign policy objectives. The research methodology is a qualitative descriptive analysis, using a literature study, factual data sources, and interviews, as techniques. Both primary and secondary sources are consulted. This study makes an original contribution to the gap in the literature on South African naval diplomacy. In this regard, with the procurement of the recent ships and submarines, South African naval diplomatic capabilities have improved significantly. It is for this reason that the SAN is currently instrumental in maritime coercion in the region, particularly deterrence against piracy and other maritime insecurity issues. The SAN is also immensely involved in naval cooperation. In terms of international maritime assistance, the SAN does not only assist other countries in search and rescue missions, but also empower them. It also plays a vital and evolving role in international conflict resolution and management. The, however, SAN faces several hindrances including ageing equipment and ships (such as strike craft and hydrographic survey vessel); lack of patrol vessels and sea lift capability; loss of skilled personnel; and other challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die ontstaan van vlootmagte het state vlote as buitelandse beleidsinstrumente aangewend. Die politieke oorgang in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het tot ʼn evolusie in die land se buitelandse beleid aanleiding gegee, wat ook gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) ingehou het. Tradisioneel het vlote drie hooffunksies, naamlik ʼn militêre, ʼn polisiëring en ʼn diplomatieke funksie. Hierdie studie fokus slegs op die diplomatieke funksie van die vloot, waarna verwys word as vlootdiplomasie, en die SAV se rol as die ‘bewaarder’ van Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die aard en omvang van Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie sedert 1994 en dit aan die hand van relevante teoretiese beginsels te beoordeel. Hieruit voortspruitend is twee doelwitte: eerstens om die wesenskenmerke van Suid-Afrika se buitelandse beleid na 1994 as raamwerk vir vlootdiplomasie te gebruik; en tweedens om die wyse waarop vlootdiplomasie ter ondersteuning van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleidsdoelwitte aangewend is, te beskryf en te ontleed met spesifieke verwysing na maritieme dwang, samewerking tussen vlootmagte, internasionale maritieme hulpverlening, en internasionale konflikresolusie. Die navorsingsmetodologie is 'n kwalitatiewe beskrywende ontleding, gegrond op 'n literatuurstudie, feitlike bronne, en onderhoude. Beide primêre en sekondêre bronne is in die proses geraadpleeg. Hierdie studie is 'n oorspronklike bydrae om die leemte in die literatuur oor die Suid-Afrikaanse vlootdiplomasie aan te spreek. Na die onlangse aanskaffing van nuwe skepe en duikbote, het die SAV se diplomatieke vermoëns aansienlik verbeter. Die gevolg is dat die SAV tans ʼn wesenlike bydrae met betrekking tot maritieme dwang in die streek speel, veral wat teen-seerowery en ander maritieme veiligheidsbedreigings betref. Die SAV is ook baie betrokke in maritieme samewerking. Wat internasionale maritieme hulp betref, het die SAV ander lande met soek en reddingsoperasies bygestaan en ook bemagtig. Die SAV lewer ook ‘n groeiende bydrae tot internasionale konflikresolusie en bestuur. Maar die SAV staar ook verskeie uitdagings in die gesig wat die volgende insluit: verouderde toerusting en skepe (soos aanvalsvaartuie en die hidrografiese opmetingskip); 'n gebrek aan patrollievaartuie en 'n see-verplasingsvermoë; verlies van opgeleide personeel, en verskeie ander uitdagings.
Meyer, K. C. (Kobus Cornelius). "Development of a GIS for sea rescue." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53360.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Saving the life of another person cannot be measured in monetary terms. It is also impossible to describe the satisfactiori of carrying out a successful rescue to anybody. However, the disappointment and sense of failure when a rescue mission fails and a life is lost, is devastating. Many rescue workers, including those of the National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI), have experienced this overwhelming sense of failure. Rescue workers often dwell on failed rescue attempts, wishing that they could have arrived on the scene earlier or knew where to start looking for people. The fact that lives are still lost, despite the best efforts of rescue workers, points to the need to improve on life saving techniques, procedures, equipment and technology. Providing the NSRI with a workable tool to help them manage and allocate resources, plan a rescue, determine drift speed and distance or create search patterns, may one day be just enough to save one more life. With this goal in mind, a search and rescue application, called RescueView, was developed utilising ArcView 3.2a. This application was specifically designed for use by the NSRI, and it will be used as a command centre in all NRSI control rooms and for all rescue efforts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om die lewe van 'n ander persoon te red, kan nie in geldwaarde gemeet word nie. Dit is ook onmoontlik om aan enige iemand die bevrediging van 'n suksesvolle redding te beskryf. Die terleurstelling en gevoel van verlies is egter baie groot wanneer 'n reddingspoging misluk en 'n lewe verloor word. Menige reddingswerkers, insluitend dié van die Nasional Seereddingsinstituut (NSRI), het al hierdie oorweldigende gevoel van mislukking ervaar. Reddingswerkers tob dikwels oor onsuksesvolle reddingspogings en wens dat hulle vroeër op die toneel aangekom het of geweet het waar om vir mense te begin soek. Die feit dat lewensverlies steeds plaasvind, ten spyte van reddingswerkers se beste pogings, dui op die behoefte om lewensreddingstegnieke, -prosedures, -toerusting en -tegnologie te verbeter. ( Deur die NSRI met 'n werkbare instrument te voorsien, wat hulle kan help om hulpbronne te bestuur en toe te wys, 'n redding te beplan, dryfspoed en -afstand te bepaal of soekpatrone te skep, mag eendag dalk net genoeg wees om nog 'n lewe te red. Met hierdie doel in gedagte is RescueView, 'n soek- en reddingsapplikasie, deur middel van ArcView 3.2a ontwikkel. Hierdie applikasie is spesifiek ontwerp vir gebruik deur die NSRI en dit sal as beheersentrurn in alle NSRI kontrolekamers en vir alle reddingspogings gebruik word.
Dollar, E. S. J. "The determination of geomorphologically effective flows for selected eastern sea-Board Rivers in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005499.
Full textDe, Kock Leon. "Development of abalone and sea turtle aquaculture ventures for export purposes : a technical, marketing and financial feasibility analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50932.
Full textENGLISH ABASTRACT: The techniques for animal reproduction and husbandry for both abalone and sea turtle farming have been well established and researched over the last decade. Although market related data seems to be scarce, marketing analysis reviewed and conducted as part of this study suggests that extensive markets exist for live cocktail size abalone and sea turtle products, especially in the East Asian countries. A decline in natural resources and increased demand resulted in a fast expanding niche market for these products. This study shows that development of an abalone farm in South Africa for the production of cocktail size (±80 mm; ±100 g) is a highly profitable venture. Economic feasibility analysis indicated that the development of an abalone farm capable of producing 150 tons annually should result in a rate of return in excess of 50% over a seven-year investment period. On the other hand, sea turtle farming is a less profitable investment with Green turtle farming yielding a return of approximately 25% and Hawksbill farming yielding a return closer to 30% over a seven-year investment period. According to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), all sea turtle species have been listed as endangered or threatened. Currently all countries who are members of CITES are prohibited from international trade in sea turtles or sea turtle products. Prospective entrepreneurs wishing to establish a sea turtle farming venture have to adhere to stringent regulatory and control measures, a major obstacle in the development of a profitable enterprise. Both abalone and sea turtle farming have long payback periods, due to the slow growth-rates of the investigated species. In order to produce animals in a time frame that is economically viable, artificially formulated feeds have to be used. The usage of artificially formulated feeds proved to be a major expense, especially in the case of sea turtle farming.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tegnieke vir die reproduksie, onderhoud en groei van beide perlemoen en seeskilpad akwakultuur boerderye is goed gevestig en nagevors oor die afgelope dekade. Alhoewel mark verwante data skaars is, dui bemarking analises aan dat 'n enorme mark bestaan vir lewendige "cocktail" grootte perlemoen en seeskilpadprodukte, veral in Oos Asie. 'n Afname in natuurlike hulpbronne en 'n toename in aanvraag, het 'n vinnige "nis" mark vir die produkte tot gevolg gehad. Die ontwikkeling van 'n perlemoen boerdery vir die produksie van "cocktail" grootte (±80 mm; ±100 g) perlemoen kom voor as 'n hoogs winsgewende onderneming. 'n Ekonomiese winsgewindheidsanalise het getoon dat die ontwikkeling van 'n perlemoenplaas, met 'n produksie van sowat 150 ton perlemoen jaarliks, 'n opbrengs van oor die 50% oor 'n sewe jaar investeringsperiode teweeg sal bring. Seeskilpad boerdery, aan die ander kant, kom as 'n minder winsgewende belegging voor, waar Groen seeskilpad boerdery 'n opbrengs van ongeveer 25% en Hawksbill boerdery 'n opbrengs van min of meer 30% oor 'n sewe jaar beleggings periode toon. Volgens CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is alle seeskilpaaie gelys as bedreig. Alle lande wat huidiglik lede is van CITES, word van die reg voorbehou om internasionale handel te dryf in seeskilpaaie of seeskilpadprodulcte. Voorgenome entrepeneurs met die begeerte om 'n seeskilpadboerdery te begin, sal voor streng maatreels en beheer- maatstawwe te staan kom, wat 'n groot stuikelblok is in die ontwikkeling van 'n winsgewende seeskilpadplaas. Beide perlemoen- en seeskilpadboerderye het lang terugbetalingsperiodes, 'n waameming wat verduidelik kan word aan hand van die stadige groei-tempo's van die bestudeerde spesies. In orde om diere in 'n spesifieke tydsperiode te produseer wat ekonomies winsgewend is, moet daar van artifisieel geformuleerde voeding gebruik gemaak word. Die gebruik van geformuleerde voeding. is egter duur, veral in die geval van seeskilpadboerderye.
Silva, Ana Paula da. "Organização e arquitetura microscópica do sistema tegumentar do Lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis, Zimmermann, 1783)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-08012009-091944/.
Full textThe South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) members of the Order Carnivora is usually seen during the autumn and winter season in the Brazilian coast from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro, however, there are no reports of reproductive colonies established. The species belongs to the group of pinnipeds, carnivorous with limbs fin-shaped that inhabits both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Studies of the skin morphology are rare and ancient; these studies have arisen many divergent reports, due to sampling of the skin without anatomical references. The purpose of this research was to describe the integumentary system of the species Arctocephalus australis, using animals that came to death by natural cases from reproductive colonies from Uruguay. The body dorsal and ventral regions were identified anatomically. These regions were examined by light microscopy, according to the histological, histomophometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical criteria in the different structures constituting the integumentary system. The skin of the Arctocephalus australis showed differences between the thin and thick epidermis. The thin epidermis showed larger amount of hair follicles than the thicker epidermis, which in some regions was devoid of hair. As well as the other mammals, the South-american-fur-seal skin showed sebaceous glands, apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. The limbs showed the largest number of the specialization among the regions of the body examined, particularly related to thermoregulation, as well as the largest volume fraction of sweat glands and vascular sections. This research pointed the morphofunctional aspects related to biology of the species in different environments, and elucidated some controversial data in the investigation about the integumentary system in pinnipeds.
Wcisel, Michelle. "The effects of white shark presence on the behaviour of Cape fur seals at Geyser Rock, Gansbaai, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6627.
Full textClaassens, Louw. "Aspects of the population ecology, habitat use and behaviour of the endangered Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis Boulenger, 1900) in a residential marina estate, Knysna, South Africa: implications for conservation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54789.
Full textEdwards, Mickie Rae. "Peruvian Pinnipeds as Archivists of ENSO Effects." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/495.
Full textScholtz, Rheinhardt. "Feeding preferences of Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus Echinodermata Echinodea and the prospect for sea urchin aquaculture in South Africa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24380.
Full textKonstantinus, Abisai. "Opportunities for short-sea shipping in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region: evidence based on discrete choice modelling." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31365.
Full textGreyling, Andries Hendrik. "Development of a standard test method for determining the Bitumen bond strength of emulsions : a South African perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71782.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chip and spray surfacing seals has been widely used in South Africa as the preferred surface treatment for rural roads. The design of these seals has also experienced renewed interest and continuous development in several other countries over the past two decades. In South Africa seals are continually used as increasing attention is given to the periodic maintenance of existing surfaced roads. There is also a significant increase in the use of surfacing seals in North America as the need to develop more energy and resource efficient surfacing options becomes a priority. Despite this growing use of surface seals, the seal design and especially the selection of binder type and grade does not always follow scientific processes. Seals are often designed based on client preference, previous experience, material availability and industry trends. With an ageing road network and limited funding to ensure timeous maintenance, the focus in South Africa is moving towards more stringent and scientific design processes. The USA and Europe, forced by increasing traffic volumes and heightened performance demands, are moving towards performance- based specification to account for deficiencies in their current surface seal design methods. One of the major failure mechanisms of surface seals is ravelling which takes place when the binder and the aggregate bond becomes weak and are broken by the forces generated by traffic. This leads to loose aggregate on the road which in turns leads to bare surface patches and broken windscreens. To prevent and address this as part of the development of performance-based specifications, the need for a simple and inexpensive technique for evaluating bitumen and bitumen emulsion bond strength development over time, as well as binder-aggregate compatibility, was identified. Although various tests exist for investigating adhesion between bituminous emulsions and aggregate chips most of the tests does not deliver the level of information required by the performance-based specifications. The Bitumen Bond Strength (BBS) test method was therefore developed with the aim to address some of the limitations encountered in evaluating bond strength between binders and aggregates. The BBS test (AASHTO TP-91, 2011) was developed by the University of Wisconsin – Madison (UWM) in partnership with the University of Ancona – Italy (UAI) and the University of Stellenbosch – South Africa (US) specifically for evaluating bond strength between aggregates and hot applied binders and emulsions, respectively. US became involved in BBS test efforts in 2008 to assist in the development and practical evaluation of the BBS test method. UAI contributed significantly to the development of the test apparatus through their work in conjunction with UWM. Due to time and resources available, the involvement of the US was limited to various discussion sessions, a study tour, the evaluation of the BBS test, and conducting a series of control tests. By using the Bitumen Bond Strength test it was possible to evaluate the practicality and repeatability of the developed procedure and the results measured was successfully used to evaluate the bond strength development of modified and unmodified bitumen emulsions on tillite and granite aggregates. It was also possible to correlate the results achieved at the University of Stellenbosch with results from the University of Wisconsin-Madison due to the fact that testing took place at both institutions. The development of the test and the inter-laboratory test results in essence reinforced the hypothesis that the BBS test protocol can be used to effectively evaluate bond strength of different emulsion types and aggregate types. Except for the loading rate which is a known critical influence, the emulsion type and curing intervals are both identified as the most significant other factors contributing to bond strength development. Aggregate type is also identified as a significant factor that will influence the bond strength development. Interactions between emulsion type and curing interval are identified as the most significant interaction. A lot of further validation test on the BBS test method is still required for the test to be integrated into a performance-based specification system for surface seals.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “Chip and Spray” oppervlak seëls is die verkose seël tipe vir gebruik op Suid Afrikaanse plattelandse paaie. Die ontwerp van hierdie tipe seëls is ook tans besig om hernude aandag te trek in heelwat lande. In Suid Afrika word die tipe seël al meer gebruik soos die behoefte na herseël projeke op die verouderde pad netwerk groei . Daar is ook heelwat groei in die gebruik van “Chip en Spray” seëls in Noord Amerika aangesien daar n behoefte is om n meer energie en materiaal effektiewe seëls te gebruik. Ten spyte van die groeiende gebruik van hierdie seëls het daar min wetenskaplike ontwikkeling plaasgevind in the ontwerp daarvan. Seëls word meestal ontwerp gebaseer op klient voorkeur , ondervinding, materiaal beskikbaarheid en ook industrie norms. ‘n Verouderde pad netwerk dwing die Suid Afrikaanse industrie om meer deeglike en wetenskaplike ontwerp prosedures te volg. Die VSA en Europa word deur vinnig groeiende verkeersvolumes en verhoogte kwaliteits behoeftes gedwing om prestasie gebaseerde spesifikasies te ontwikkel. Een van die hoof defekte op seëls is klipverlies wat plaasvind as die verbinding tussen die bitumen en aggregaat verswak en gebreek word deur die kragte wat deur verkeer oorgedra word. Dit lei tot los klip op die pad wat weer tot skade aan voertuie lei. Om dit te voorkom en aan te spreek het die behoefte laat ontwikkel vir n maklike en goedkoop tegniek om te meet hoe sterk die verbinding is wat ontwikkel tussen verskillende bitumen, bitumen emulsies en aggregaat monsters. Alhoewel daar alreeds toetse bestaan wat kan toets hoe sterk die verbinding is , gee die meeste van die toetse nie die informasie wat benodig word deur die voorgestelde prestasie gedrewe spesfikasies nie. Die “Bitumen Bond Strength” (BBS) toets metode is daarom ontwikkel om die tekortkoming in die toets van die bitumen en aggregaat verdindinge aan te spreek. Die BBS toets (AASHTO TP-91, 2011) is ontwikkel by die Universiteit van Wisconsin – Madison (UWM) in vennootskap met die Universiteit van Ancona – Italy (UAI) en die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) , spesifiek om die die sterkte van die verbinding wat vorm tussen aggregaat en bitumen te meet. Die US het in 2008 betrokke geraak by die BBS toets studie om hulp te verleen met die ontwikkeling en praktiese evalueering van die BBS toets metode. As gevolg van tyd en personeel tekorte is die betrokkendheid by die US beperk tot verskeie besprekings sessies, n studie toer, die evalueering van die BBS toets sowel as die voltooing van n uitgebreide stel toetse. Deur die voltooing van eksperimente met die BBS toets was dit moontlik om die uitvoerbaarheid en herhaalbaarheid van die ontwikkelde prosedure te toets. Die resultate van die toetse is suksesvol gebruik om die ontwikkeling van die verbinding sterkte tussen gemodifiseerde en ongemodifiseerde bitumen emulsies en tilliet en graniet te definïeer en te evalueer. Dit was ook moontlik om die resultate van die Universiteit Stellenbosch en die Universiteit of Wisconsin-Madison suksesvol met mekaar te vergelyk aangesien toetse by beide die instansies voltooi is. Die ontwikkeling van die toets en die inter laboratorium toets resultate het dit moontlik gemaak om die hipotese te bevestig dat die BBS toets prosedure effektief gebruik kan word om die bitumen en aggregaat verdindinge te toets en te evalueer. Behalwe vir die tempo van die lading waarteen die aftrek sterkte getoets word , is die emulsie tipe en die nabehandeling tydperk beide geidentifiseer as die mees beduidende invloede wat bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van die verbinding sterkte. Die aggregaat tipe is ook geidentifiseer as n belangrike faktor wat die verbinding sterkte ontwikkeling sal beïnvloed. Die interaksie tussen die emulsie tipe en nabehandeling tydperk was geïdentifiseer as die mees beduidende interaksie. Daar sal wel nog heelwat eksperimente voltooi moet word met die BBS toets prosedure voordat dit volkome geïntegreer kan word as deel van n prestasie gebaseerde spesifikasie stelsel vir die ontwerp van seëls.
Makhado, Azwianewi Benedict. "Investigation of the impact of fur seals on the conversation status of seabirds at islands off South Africa and the the Prince Edward Islands." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6125.
Full textFaasen, Petronella. "An Assessment of Accommodation Strategies for Coastal Adaptation in Cape Town, South Africa, in Response to Climate Change." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86665.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the world finds itself increasingly unable to avoid the negative impacts of the physical phenomena associated with climate change, adaptation to climate change has been brought to the forefront of the international agenda. The range of adaptation technologies available can be categorized into three basic strategies (IPCC, 1990): Protection, (managed) Retreat, or Accommodation. The practice of adapting existing developments and infrastructure in the coastal zone by the process of accommodation has not yet seen wide implementation as a formalised adaptation strategy. In order for a community to accept and successfully implement accommodation strategies, all community stakeholders are required to accept and live with a certain level of managed risk, and to also rethink the concept of failure. As a result, accommodation practices implemented globally have been closely related to fields such as risk - and disaster management. Structural innovations in the field of accommodation measures include advanced technologies to elevate existing buildings safely above flood levels, and even “amphibious” houses. In Cape Town, South Africa, the choice between protection, retreat or accommodation as an adaptation measure remains complex. Not much discussion has yet been generated concerning accommodation measures that could be implemented to reduce the risk to existing properties that are already inappropriately located in the risk zone (e.g. seaward of the coastal hazard line), by accommodating the dynamic coastal processes taking place. Accommodation has been found to be most feasible in Cape Town at case study sites with a stable, non- or slowly eroding shoreline, which are also subject to flooding. The elevation of buildings and the alteration of buildings for flood-proofing, in unison with proactive risk and disaster management, could be implemented to accommodate the impacts of flooding on affected infrastructure. Located on Cape Town’s Atlantic Seaboard, Bakoven serves as a case study sample of such a site where an accommodation-based adaptation solution could be feasible. Both global and regional downscaled climate models have been found to deliver a large range of future climate conditions. Assuming best estimate future predictions, Bakoven properties have been found vulnerable to extreme flooding during both status quo and future extreme events. Environmental conditions at Bakoven are favourable for the construction of piled foundations. Stringent environmental and heritage constraints imposed by local government would, however, render accommodation strategies unviable. It is recommended that government at all levels be willing to adopt a more flexible approach to governing coastal areas, to ensure that the regulations they impose remain as dynamic as the environments which they govern. The viability and possible benefits of accommodation measures, rather than protection or retreat approaches should be carefully considered on an individual case-by-case basis, in unison with the local community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wêreldwyd is gemeenskappe besig om toenemend te ervaar dat hul nie die nadelige gevolge van klimaatsverandering kan vryspring nie. Juis daarom, is aanpassing tot klimaatsverandering noodsaaklik. Die verskeidenheid van beskikbare benaderinge tot klimaatsverandering aanpassing kan in drie hoof kategorieë ingedeel word, volgens die IPCC (1990): Beskerming, (stelselmatige) Retireer of Akkomodasie. Die aanpassing van bestaande infrastruktuur d.m.v. akkomodasie is nog nie wyd geïmplementeer as ‘n amptelike aanpassings strategie nie. Ten einde die sukses van ‘n akkommodasie strategie te verseker, sal gemeenskappe genoodsaak wees om ‘n sekere vlak van residuele risiko te aanvaar en die konsep van die ‘faling’ te herdefinieer. Akkommodasie oplossings wêreldwyd is daarom nouliks verwant aan risiko- en rampsbestuur. Innovasies in die struktuurindustrie om die risiko van klimaatsverandering te akkommodeer, sluit onder andere in die fisiese oplig van geboue na ‘n hoër, veilige vlak, en ook die bou van sogenaamde “amfibiese” huise. In Kaapstad is die bepaling van die mees gepaste en voordelige aanpassings oplossing, net soos in die res van die wêreld, kompleks. Die moontlikheid van die gebruik van akkommodasie benaderinge en tegnologieë, eerder as beskermingsstrategieë, is nog nie welbekend of algemeen geïmplementeer nie. Daar bestaan wel ‘n geleentheid om hierdie tegnologieë toe te pas in die geval van bestaande strukture wat seewaarts van die dinamiese kusproses lyn, geleë is. Hierdie studie het bevind dat akkommodasie oplossings moontlik suksesvol kan wees by spesifieke gevallestudies langs Kaapstad se kuslyn waar die kuslyn grootendeels stabiel is. Die oplig en verandering van geboue om vloedbestand te wees, tesame met proaktiewe risiko- en rampsbestuur maatreëls, word by sommige van hierdie gevallestudies aanbeveel om die impak van klimaatsverandering te akkomodeer. Bakoven, ‘n klein gemeenskapsbuurt op Kaapstad se kuslyn, is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n geval waar ‘n akkommodasie oplossing moontlik goed kan werk. Globale klimaatsmodelle lewer ‘n wye reeks van toekomstige klimaatsvoorspellings vir die jaar 2063. Tydens die toets van die mees waarskynlike toekomstige klimaats-scenario, is bevind dat Bakoven kwesbaar is vir die verwagte vloeding a.g.v. seevlakstyging verwag teen 2063. Daar is ook bevind dat selfs tydens huidige storms, sommige strukture aan Bakoven se kus kwesbaar is. Die omgewingstoestande by Bakoven word beskou as voordelig vir die konstruksie van heipale as fondasies om die geboue hoër op te lig. As gevolg van streng munisipale regulasies met omgewings- en geskiedkundige bewaring as doel, is hierdie opsie egter nie moontlik nie. Dit word aanbeveel dat die regulasies wat deur regeringsamptenare daargestel word, aanpasbaar genoeg moet wees om die veranderende kusomgewing in ag te neem. Die moontlikheid en volhoubaarheid van ‘n akkommodasie oplossing, eerder as ‘n beskermings- of opgee benaderinge, moet deeglik ondersoek word vir elke ‘n individuele geval, in samewerking met die betrokke gemeenskap.
Swarbrick, Matthew Lewis. "Estimating the distribution of demand for Antarctic krill (Euphauisa superba) from land-based predators at South Georgia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/335.
Full textMoller, Leon Edward. "The legal regime for the exploitation of ofshore mineral resources in south western Africa and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) 1982." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442147.
Full textStewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48199.
Full textLã, Mariana Vieira 1988. "The effectiveness of environmental enrichment in two captive south-african fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7523.
Full textA otária Sul-Africana (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) é uma subespécie encontrada em zoos por todo o mundo, que se adapta geralmente bem a condições de cativeiro, reproduzindo-se com frequência. Não se encontra ameaçada pelo que, tal como a maioria dos pinípedes, é mantida em zoos principalmente por ser emblemática e ter um papel importante na atração e sensibilização dos visitantes. Apesar de potencialmente controversa, a manutenção de animais em cativeiro é o que permite aos zoos desenvolverem o seu papel na conservação, através da educação, investigação e envolvimento em projetos de conservação in situ e/ou ex situ. De qualquer modo, as condições em cativeiro estão longe de ser ideais, o que levou a uma preocupação em relação ao bem-estar destes animais nas últimas décadas. O bem-estar é geralmente avaliado em termos de saúde física, sucesso reprodutivo e bem-estar mental. Um dos indicadores mais comuns de baixos níveis de bem-estar mental é a ocorrência de estereotipias, que se definem como comportamentos repetitivos, invariáveis e sem nenhuma função aparente. Estes comportamentos desenvolvem-se como forma de lidar com instalações inadequadas e/ou um maneio inapropriado, quer no presente quer em fases cruciais da ontogenia do animal. As condições em cativeiro são frequentemente estéreis, excessivamente previsíveis e pouco complexas, podendo diferir bastante do ambiente em que a espécie evoluiu. Em cativeiro, o comportamento estereotipado mais comum em pinípedes é a natação circular, que pode chegar a representar 50% da atividade diária de alguns indivíduos. Na natureza, as otárias Sul-Africanas vivem na costa sudeste de África. A sua vida divide-se em três fases: acasalamento na primavera, renovação do pelo no verão e longos períodos de alimentação no outono e no inverno. No mar, conseguem mergulhar até mais de 200 m (embora a maioria dos mergulhos seja por volta dos 50 m). Durante a época de acasalamento, os machos estabelecem e defendem territórios e haréns. As fêmeas dão à luz quando chegam a terra e acasalam durante os dias seguintes. Fora da época de acasalamento não há territórios delimitados e não existe muita interação entre os animais, embora vivam vulgarmente em grupos quando em terra. Em zoos, as otárias não conseguem expressar todo o seu reportório comportamental, não podem caçar nem comer livremente e têm pouca escolha e controlo em relação ao ambiente em que se encontram. Estas condições são geralmente associadas a baixos níveis de bem-estar, sobretudo quando associadas a elas se diagnostica a exibição de comportamentos estereotipados. Um dos métodos mais comuns para contrariar estas condições é a utilização de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental. Enriquecimentos frequentemente utilizados em pinípedes incluem presas vivas, blocos de gelo com peixe congelado, dispensadores de comida, objetos manipuláveis, mistura de mais do que uma espécie na mesma instalação e treino. Neste projeto foram aplicadas técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental a duas otárias Sul- Africanas (um macho e uma fêmea) mantidas em cativeiro no Aquário Vasco da Gama (Lisboa, Portugal). Os objetivos eram determinar 1) alterações no comportamento dos animais como resultado dos enriquecimentos e 2) o efeito de diferentes técnicas de enriquecimento. Foi previsto que ambos os animais interagiriam com os enriquecimentos, o que levaria a uma diminuição da natação circular, a um aumento de outros padrões comportamentais e à promoção de uma utilização mais equilibrada do espaço disponível (duas piscinas e duas plataformas interiores e uma instalação exterior). Todos estes resultados seriam indicadores de uma melhoria do bem-estar destes animais. O design experimental consistiu num período de quatro dias de amostragem antes, durante e após cada enriquecimento. As fases pós-enriquecimento funcionavam como baseline para o enriquecimento seguinte. Em cada dia ocorria uma sessão de amostragem de uma hora. O primeiro enriquecimento, “Random Fish”, consistiu em atirar peixes (quatro vezes, três peixes de cada vez) para diferentes áreas da instalação, sem nenhum aviso. O segundo, “Felt Curtain”, baseou-se na colocação de uma estrutura com tiras de feltro numa abertura através da qual os animais nadavam, criando uma cortina análoga a algas a flutuar. O terceiro enriquecimento foi a combinação dos dois anteriores. O quarto, “Textured Rugs”, consistiu em dois tapetes de plástico com pequenos pinos de um dos lados, criando uma textura diferente. Um foi preso a um local tipicamente usado para comportamentos de manutenção do pelo e o outro foi deixado livremente a flutuar. Para o quinto enriquecimento, “Fish in Ice”, utilizaram-se peixes congelados dentro de blocos de gelo. O último enriquecimento usado foi a combinação dos dois anteriores. Os resultados foram comparados através da interpretação de gráficos e análise estatística. As proporções de tempo passado em diferentes comportamentos e áreas antes, durante e após cada enriquecimento foram comparadas através de um teste de Friedman. A primeira e última baseline foram comparadas através de um teste Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, Em ambos os testes foi também calculado o p-value exato através de testes de permutações, uma vez que esta é a abordagem recomendada em estudos com pequenas amostras. Neste caso os animais foram analisados em separado e, devido às limitações estatísticas, este projeto foi considerado apenas como um caso de estudo, não pretendendo extrapolar em relação à espécie ou outros animais. Durante a baseline inicial, os dois animais passaram a maior parte do tempo em natação estereotipada na piscina direita. Este comportamento foi o mais frequente durante todo o estudo. A natação estereotipada nestes animais é realizada de uma forma circular e (quase sempre) no sentido dos ponteiros do relógio. O macho utiliza apenas a piscina direita mas a fêmea alterna entre usar só a piscina direita ou ambas as piscinas para cada volta. Os enriquecimentos “Random Fish” e “Fish in Ice” aumentaram comportamentos desejáveis, como a natação normal e comportamentos de alerta. Além disso, também promoveram uma utilização mais equilibrada do espaço da instalação. O macho monopolizava toda a comida, revelando uma clara hierarquia. Mesmo quando o macho não estava perto dos enriquecimentos alimentares a fêmea hesitava antes de interagir com eles. De uma maneira geral, estes foram os enriquecimentos mais eficazes e tiveram um efeito mais forte no macho do que na fêmea, tendo sido os únicos que tiveram algum efeito na diminuição da natação estereotipada Os enriquecimentos não alimentares, “Felt Curtain” e “Textured Rugs”, não causaram nenhuma alteração significativa no comportamento dos animais ou no uso do espaço. Os resultados sugeriram até que os animais os evitavam um pouco, mas nunca de um modo suficientemente intenso para serem considerados enriquecimentos negativos. A colocação da cortina levou à criação de uma rota alternativa na natação estereotipada da fêmea. Este resultado é positivo, uma vez que introduziu variabilidade num comportamento que geralmente tem um padrão fixo. A combinação de diferentes enriquecimentos mostrou que, para o macho, o efeito positivo dos enriquecimentos alimentares foi mais forte que um eventual desejo de evitar os não alimentares. Na fêmea observou-se o oposto. Este projeto mostra, assim, que o mesmo enriquecimento pode ter diferentes efeitos quando é apresentado sozinho ou em combinação com outro. É, por isso, importante testar todos os enriquecimentos individualmente e em associações antes de serem incorporados num plano de enriquecimento, assim como ter em conta a variação individual na resposta aos enriquecimentos. Por fim, não se observou nenhuma diferença entre a primeira e a última baseline, sugerindo que os resultados observados durante os enriquecimentos não tiveram um efeito duradouro. Estes animais estão sozinhos há bastante tempo, com pouca variabilidade na sua rotina diária e numa instalação muito pequena, estéril e com dois tanques circulares e pouco profundos. O evidente contraste com as condições naturais sugere que a natação circular seja o comportamento mais parecido com o reportório natural que os animais podem fazer nesta instalação. É também possível que a elevada ocorrência destes comportamentos estereotipados já não seja inteiramente reversível, por se tratarem de mecanismos de adaptação há muito estabelecidos. Nestas condições, o enriquecimento ambiental assume uma particular importância na introdução de variabilidade, como mecanismo de forçar a interrupção do padrão estereotipado da natação, substituindo-o por outros comportamentos. É também importante para estimular os animais a usarem o pouco espaço disponível de forma mais equilibrada. Baseado nos resultados deste estudo, com recomendações adicionais, pode ser aplicado um plano de enriquecimento sobretudo relacionado com alimento no maneio diário destes animais. Estes enriquecimentos demoram menos de cinco minutos a preparar, o que significa que não ocupam muito tempo do horário, geralmente sobrecarregado, dos tratadores. Adicionalmente, novos enriquecimentos devem ser testados para aumentar a variabilidade e evitar a habituação aos enriquecimentos atuais. Potenciais fontes de inspiração para novos enriquecimentos são a instalação exterior (raramente usada pelos animais neste momento) e o uso de técnicas de treino. O treino, baseado em princípios de reforço positivo, é uma das técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental mais usadas em mamíferos marinhos e é considerado bastante eficaz na estimulação cognitiva, física e social dos animais. Este projeto demonstrou que o enriquecimento ambiental teve efeitos benéficos no aumento de comportamentos desejados, na promoção de um uso mais equilibrado do espaço e na diminuição de comportamentos estereotipados, mesmo que apenas residualmente. Estas alterações têm um grande potencial na melhoria do bem-estar destes animais, que é uma obrigação ética essencial para a manutenção destes animais em cativeiro. O enriquecimento ambiental é, também, importante para garantir que estes animais sejam apresentados de forma adequada aos visitantes, de modo a transmitir uma mensagem apropriada. Como membro da EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria), o Aquário Vasco da Gama está envolvido em práticas conservacionistas, organizando frequentes visitas guiadas para escolas locais. Devido ao seu estatuto emblemático, torna-se então importante que estes dois indivíduos sejam percecionados pelos visitantes como representantes dos seus conspecíficos na natureza. Em conclusão, este projeto junta-se à já existente literatura que mostra que a relação custos/benefícios do enriquecimento ambiental é largamente compensatória para que seja aplicado como ferramenta na rotina de maneio de otárias em parques zoológicos.
South-African fur seals have been held at various zoos around the world, mostly due to their appeal to visitors. Captivity conditions differ from nature, leading to concerns over captive animals’ welfare. A common behavioural indicator of poor welfare is the occurrence of stereotypies, and a common method used to attempt to decrease them is environmental enrichment. In this project, enrichment techniques were applied to two South-African fur seals. There were two feeding enrichments (unpredictable fish thrown into the enclosure and ice blocks with frozen fish), two nonfeeding (an algae-like felt curtain and textured plastic rugs), and two combinations of the above. During the initial baseline, both animals spent the majority of time in stereotypical swimming, and in only one pool. The feeding enrichments increased non-stereotypical locomotion and alertness, and promoted a more balanced use of area. The non-feeding enrichments didn’t cause major changes but the curtain created a new stereotypical route for the female. Despite the tendency to reduce stereotypical swimming overall, enrichments did not reduce it significantly. There were no differences between the first and last baseline, suggesting that the effects didn’t outlast the enrichment periods. This is probably due to two concurrent reasons: the importance of swimming in their natural behavioural repertoire and their living conditions in captivity. These animals have been kept alone for a long time, with little variation in their daily routine and in an enclosure too small and barren. This project demonstrated that environmental enrichment had beneficial effects even if it only decreased stereotypical swimming marginally and can be developed in future studies, further exploring foodrelated enrichments, especially in their appetitive component. Adding this to the multitude of other positive studies, it seems that environmental enrichment has high enough benefits and low enough costs, to be applied as a common and mandatory husbandry tool.
Baylis, Alastair M. M. "Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50450.
Full texthttp://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1347312
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Studies, 2008
Plotz, Roan. "Growth and Fasting Strategies of New Zealand Fur Seal, Arctocephalus forsteri, Pups at Cape Gantheaume, Kangaroo Island." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/39233/.
Full textCilliers, Johannes S. "A viability study in terms of business opportunities for echinoderms (sea urchins) in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6320.
Full textDu Plessis (1993:649) states that the most common reasons for business failure are the lack of understanding of the market and inferior products. The first point in Timmons' criteria list focuses on the industry and market. This is of utmost importance as no correct analysis of a new venture's viability can be done if there is not a full understanding by the potential investor of the exact market that he/she intends to venture into. Timmons does not highlight the importance of the product as such in his criteria list although inferior products are one of the most common reasons for failure. Timmons' fatal flaw aspect, point six, is however very important as it is an "abort checkpoint". If the venture has a fatal flaw, regardless of everything else being perfect, it could cancel the potential venture. This fatal flaw aspect is in line with Cartland's "subjective determination" criteria. Various probabilities are difficult or impossible to quantify accurately. If the entrepreneur is not totally convinced of the probability of success, it should be seen as a fatal flaw and the venture abandoned. Timmons' list of eight criteria is seen to incorporate the broadest and most appropriate checklist. Chapter three will concentrate on the industry, market and product in more detail, thus ensuring a thorough understanding of the market and product, avoiding one of the weaknesses in Timmons' criteria. In chapter four the business opportunity for echinoderms in South Africa will be evaluated against the eight factors as outlined especially by Timmons in this chapter.
Mudavanhu, Thabani B. "Towards a sustainable framework for application of the systems engineering approach (SEA) in non-traditional implementation areas: A model tailored for SMEs in the South African manufacturing sector." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textMarais, Eileen. "Effek van 'n emosionele ondersteuningsprogram op die emosionele intelligensie van adolessente leerders met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26680.
Full textThis study explored how nine adolescent learner-participants with cerebral palsy or other physical disabilities responded to an emotional support programme (EOP) of 20 intervention sessions, aimed at developing their emotional intelligence. The research study highlighted the utilisational value and importance of emotional intelligence, which is associated with problem-solving skills, career success, selfactualisation, stress management and the like. The rationale for compiling the EOP was in accordance with the rationale for the research study, being embedded in diverse learning needs, support for learners, and the design of learner opportunities. The study focused among others on the development and implementation of an EOP based on Bar-On as conceptual model (2000), together with the five core competencies of social and emotional learning (SEL), namely: responsible decision-making, emotional self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship skills. The Lions Quest SEL-programme, Skills for Adolescence, formed the basis of the EOP, although the researcher had to adapt it for her learner-participants’ special educational needs. The EOP was further extended with the knowledge obtained through the literature study regarding emotional intelligence and adolescence, and was aligned with the aims of the South African school curriculum in respect of emotional intelligence skills, as stated in the aims of the subject Life Skills. The researcher’s embedded, mixed-method research design allowed the larger qualitative component to include the smaller quantitative component, so that the specific phenomenon could be understood from different participants’ perspectives. Qualitative data was collected by means of metaphor interviews and collage activities. The quantitative research component of the study refers to the standardised Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV) together with the researcher’s own structured questionnaire. The researcher did not interpret the data obtained from the quantitative data collection instruments in isolation, but used it to expand and verify the results of her qualitative generated data. The integrated data results of the learner-participants brought the answer to the research problem: most of the adolescent learner-participants with special educational needs who had participated in the EOP, did indeed benefit through their involvement, and their emotional intelligence (the phenomenon under scrutiny) had improved.
Die studie ondersoek hoe nege adolessente leerder-deelnemers met serebrale en fisieke gestremdhede op ’n emosionele ondersteuningsprogram (EOP) van 20 intervensiesessies reageer met die doel om hulle emosionele intelligensie te ontwikkel. Die benuttingswaarde en belangrikheid van emosionele intelligensie word deur die navorsingstudie uitgelig. Hoë emosionele intelligensie word geassosieer met probleemoplossingsvaardighede, werksukses, selfverwesenliking en streshantering, onder andere. Die rasionaal vir die samestelling van die EOP stem ooreen met die rasionaal vir die navorsingstudie en is gevestig in uiteenlopende leerbehoeftes, ondersteuning aan leerders, en die skep van leergeleenthede. Die studie fokus op die samestelling en implementering van ’n emosionele ondersteuningsprogram (EOP) gebaseer op Bar-On (2000) se konstruk van emosionele intelligensie as konseptuele model van die studie saam met die vyf kernbevoegdhede van sosiale en emosionele leer (SEL), naamlik: verantwoordelike besluitneming, emosionele selfbewussyn, selfbestuur, sosiale bewussyn en verhoudingsvaardighede. Die Lions Quest SEL-program, Skills for Adolescence, vorm die grondslag van die EOP, alhoewel die navorser baie aanpassings vir haar leerder-deelnemers se spesiale onderwysbehoeftes moes maak. Die EOP is verder uitgebrei deur die kennis wat die navorser tydens die literatuurstudie ingewin het ten opsigte van emosionele intelligensie en adolessensie, en sluit aan by die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolkurrikulum-doelwitte wat verband hou met emosionele intelligensie-vaardighede soos uiteengesit in die doelwitte vir die vak Lewensvaardighede. Die navorser se ingebedde, gemengdemetode-navorsingsontwerp laat toe dat die groter kwalitatiewe komponent die kleiner kwantitatiewe komponent insluit, sodat die spesifieke fenomeen vanuit verskillende deelnemers se perspektiewe verstaan kon word. Kwalitatiewe data is deur middel van die metafooronderhoud en collage-aktiwiteit ingesamel. Die kwantitatiewe navorsingskomponent van die studie verwys na die gestandaardiseerde Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV) tesame met die navorser se eie gestruktureerde vraelys. Die navorser het die data wat sy uit die kwantitatiewe datainsamelingsinstrumente verkry het, nie net in isolasie geïnterpreteer nie, maar dit ook gebruik om die resultate van haar kwalitatief-gegenereerde data uit te brei en te verifieer. Die geïntegreerde data-resultate van die leerder-deelnemers bied die antwoord op die: die meerderheid van die adolessente leerderdeelnemers met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes wat aan die EOP deelgeneem het, het inderdaad gebaat by hulle deelname, en hulle emosionele intelligensie (die fenomeen wat ondersoek is) het verbeter.
Ucwaningo luhlola ukuthi ngabe ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi abangabadlalindima abayisishiyagalolunye abasesigabeni sobubhungu/sobutshitshi abakhubazeke ngokwengqondo noma ngayiphi indlela emzimbeni baphendule kanjani kuhlelo oluxhasa ngokommoya (emotional support programme) kumihlangano engama- 20 yokunceda, ehlose ekuqiniseni ubuhlakani bommoya. Isifundo socwaningo siveze ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa kanye nokubaluleka kobuhlakani bommoya, okuhambisana namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, impumelelo yobizo lomsebenzi, ukuzibonakalisa, ukulawula ingcindezi yengqondo kanye nokunye. Isizathu sokuhlela i-ESP sasihambisana nenhloso yesifundo socwaningo, esitholakala kwizidingo zemfundo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokuhleleka kwamathuba omfundi. Ucwaningo lubheke hlangana nokunye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe-ESP olususelwa ku-Bar-On njengemodeli yegama (2000), kanye namanye amacebo abalulekile amahlanu ohlelo lokufunda kwabantu kanye nokufunda ngokwemizwa (SEL), wona yilawa alandelayo: Ukumelana nezinqumo ozithethe, ukwazi imizwa yakho, ukuziphatha ngokwakho, ukuxwayiswa komphakathi kanye namakhono okwenza ubudlelwano. Uhlelo lwe- Lions Quest SEL, Skills for Adolescence, akha isisekelo se-ESP, yize umcwaningi kwakufanele aluguqule lolu hlelo ukwenzela ukuba luhambisane nezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo yafundi abadlala indima. . Uhlelo lwe--ESP lwaqhubeka nokukhuliswa ngolwazi olwalutholakala ngocwaningo lombhalo wobuciko obumayelana nobuhlakani bokusebenzisa imizwa kanye nesigaba sobutshitshi/sobubhungu, kanti lolu hlelo lwaluhambisana nezinhloso zekharikhulami yezikole zaseNingizimu Afrika mayelana namakhono okusebenzisa obuhlakani bokusebenzisa imizwa, njengoba kushiwobkwizinhloso zesifundo samaKhono Empilo (Life Skills). Isakhiwo somcwaningi esequkethwe, sohlelo-oluvangene locwaningo siye savumela isigaba esikhulu socwaningo olugxile kukhwalithi (qualitative) ukuba sixube isigaba esincane esigxile kumanani (quantitative), ukuze kuzwisiseke uhlelo oluthize ngokwemiqondo yabadlalindima abehlukahlukene. Idatha yohlelo lwequalitative yaqoqwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlolombono zokungathekisa kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlanganisa imifanekiso eminingi. Isigaba socwaningo olugxile kumanani sichaza uhlelo olufanayo lwe--Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQi:YV) kanye nemibhalo yemibuzo ehlelwe wumcwaningi. Umcwaningi akazange achaze idatha etholakele kumathuluzi okuqoqa idatha encike kumanani yodwa, kodwa le datha iye yasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa kanye nokuqinisekisa imiphumela yakhe eyakhiwe ngokwendlela yekhwalithi. Imiphumelo ehlangene yedatha yomfundi ongumdlalindima ilethe impendulo kwinkinga yocwaningo: Iningi labafundi abadlala indima abasesesigabeni sobubhungu/sobutshitshi abadinga imfundo ekhethekile abazibandakanye ohlelweni lwe-ESP, ngempela baye bazuza ngokuzibandakanya kwabo, kanti-ke izinga labo lokusebenzisa ikhono lobuhlakani bemizwa buye bathuthuka kakhulu (the phenomenon under scrutiny).
Inclusive Education
D. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)