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1
Alden, Chris, and Mills Soko. "South Africa's economic relations with Africa: hegemony and its discontents." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 3 (July 28, 2005): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001011.
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South Africa's growing economic presence across the African continent has sparked a debate in public and scholarly circles as to its intentions. While some have been quick to see South African business and parastatals as part of a larger hegemonic project pursued by Pretoria, the authors’ more structured analysis of economic ties with Africa reveals a more complex picture. Institutionalised forms of regional cooperation, such as SACU and SADC, must be contrasted with the activities of South African multinationals and parastatals on the wider African stage to understand the possibilities and limitations of hegemonic practice open to South Africa. Beyond its own region, a key determinant will be its relations with the other leading African power, Nigeria, as well as its ability to compete with other external actors. Finally, the role of ideology is a crucial measure of South African hegemony, and while certainly its ‘soft power’ is evident at the societal level, some African elites actively resist the pull of South Africa-based ideas.
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Augustine Umezurike, Samuel, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Lucky Asuelime. "Socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern African development." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-2).2016.08.
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Notwithstanding its struggles to tame the high levels of poverty and inequality, South Africa is considered as a major economic hub of Africa. However, as an economic hub, there are other countries that perceive South Africa as a capitalist, neo-liberal economy that goes all out to dominate not only its neighbors in the southern hemisphere, but also many other developing nations in the continent. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to assess the socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern Africa. As far as the authors are concerned, there is yet to be a frank analyses of the varying perspectives, as well as a holistic explanation of the clearly, yet complex relationship which exists between South Africa and many other countries in the southern hemisphere. While the authors acknowledge the efforts of several scholars in trying to juxtapoze the nuances in these relationships, they insist that there has not been a contextual treatment with due consideration for the socio-economic implications of South African business expansion in Africa. Thus, the authors sincerely believe that the paper has serious implications for emerging economies especially in Africa. Other African countries can learn from South Africa’s tactical brilliance; the way it has positioned its economy as a major economic hub in Africa with illustrious attractions that are derived from sophisticated infrastructure, a good educational system, a functional health care system and world class standard ecotourism. The study was conducted using documentary analysis and, therefore, allowed the researchers to source and utilize documents, both in private and public domain, on the basis of their relevance to the research. Keywords: democracy, foreign direct investment, public administration, Southern African Development Community, Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Power Pool, regional cooperation. JEL Classification: H5, N27, 016, 019, 024, 055
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Zagrebelnaya, N. S., and V. N. Shitov. "HISTORY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-273-279.
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The article analyses specific historic features of formation of agrarian and industrial sectors of Republic of South Africa since the establishment of Cape Colony. These features resulted from much earlier colonization of South Africa in comparison with other Sub-Saharan African countries on the one hand and from a large-scale influx of Europeans to the South Africa on the other hand. The two most important of these specific features are the following. First. Contrary to other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa development of the agrarian sector of Republic of South Africa was based on private property and western technologies from the start. Second. The sector is not divided into «African» and «European» sub-sectors, and South-African agricultural produce has always been oriented to both: external and internal markets. Development of industrial sector of Republic of South Africa started with creation of extractive industries, namely: extraction of diamonds and of gold. The authors specifically emphasize the role of gold extraction which grace to its effect of multiplicator opened the way for industrial revolution in the South of Africa. Development of manufacturing was mainly based on import-substitution. The article argues that there were several stages of import-substitution and analyses their outcomes. The authors point out to the special importance of import-substitution during the period of I World War and II World War.
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Ozili, Peterson K., and Erick Rading Outa. "Bank income smoothing in South Africa: role of ownership, IFRS and economic fluctuation." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 5 (November 29, 2018): 1372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2017-0342.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the use of loan loss provisions (LLPs) to smooth income by banks in South Africa. More specifically, the authors examine the influence of ownership, IFRS disclosure rules and economic fluctuation on the income smoothing behaviour of South African banks while controlling for the traditional determinants of bank income smoothing via LLPs. Design/methodology/approach The study employs fixed effect regression methodology to estimate the determinants of discretionary LLPs. Findings The authors find that South African banks do not use LLPs to smooth income when they are: under-capitalised, have large non-performing loans and have a moderate ownership concentration. On the other hand, income smoothing is pronounced when South African banks are rather more profitable during economic boom periods, well-capitalised during boom periods and is pronounced among banks that adopt IFRS and among banks with a Big 4 auditor. The authors also find that banks use LLPs for capital management purposes, and bank provisioning is procyclical with economic fluctuations. Practical implications Bank supervisors in South Africa should monitor the bank provisioning practices in South Africa closely to ensure that LLPs are not used as a substitute for bank capital. Banks in South Africa should not use sufficient provisioning as a substitute for sufficient bank capital. Second, the evidence for procyclical bank provisioning shows that provisioning by South African banks reinforce the current state of the economy and might compel bank supervisors in South Africa to consider the adoption of a dynamic provisioning system that is already adopted by bank supervisors in Spain, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia and Bolivia. Originality/value Bank income smoothing is an important issue because it has implications for banking stability and accounting transparency. There are few studies on bank income smoothing for emerging economies particularly in Africa where there are substantial differences in ownership and accounting rules. This is the first South African study to examine the influence of disclosure rules, ownership and economic cycle fluctuations on bank income smoothing behaviour via LLPs.
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Ward, Graham Bernard, and Chris Adendorff. "Entrepreneurship in South Africa." Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmme.2020010105.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the promotion and development of entrepreneurship in South Africa. The objective was to develop and test a model which could be used in the development and training of entrepreneurs. Officially, 27.7% of South Africans are unemployed. This is especially important in that, the South African economy is battling to recover from the world economic crisis of 2009/10, putting pressure on government to alleviate growing unemployment and curtail social unrest. The study comprised of a literature review as to how globally entrepreneurs are developed, culminating in the perceived success factors for entrepreneurship. These factors were then tested on small business owners operating in South Africa. The authors argue that, in order to successfully develop entrepreneurs: 1) 99% of entrepreneurs will need to have the required socio-emotional skills; 2) 99% of entrepreneurs will require mentorship; and 3) 95% of entrepreneurs will require access to start-up capital.
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Eckl, Frauke Katharina, Rirhandu Mageza-Barthel, and Sophia Thubauville. "Ethiopia’s Asian Options: A Collage of African and Asian Entanglements." Insight on Africa 9, no. 2 (July 2017): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087817707445.
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Africa–Asia relations are a controversial subject at the moment and many authors have attempted to shed light on what the renewed relations between Africa and Asia entail. Some have denounced what they see as a ‘New Scramble for Africa’, while others have identified the possibilities offered by these new South–South relations and have drawn attention to the impact of African agency in this new constellation. This article follows on from these discussions by reading the growing global dynamic as a collage of African and Asian entanglements. It is based on research conducted within the University of Frankfurt’s Inter-Centre programme on Africa’s Asian Options (AFRASO). In line with the programme’s empirical, comparative and trans-regional objectives, the three authors conduct research on the interactions between Africa and Asia.1
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Dentith, Audrey M., Misty Sailors, and Mantsose Sethusha. "What Does It Mean to Be a Girl? Teachers’ Representations of Gender in Supplementary Reading Materials for South African Schools." Journal of Literacy Research 48, no. 4 (December 2016): 394–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086296x16683474.
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Education reform, including methods to create greater gender equality, is an ongoing process in post-Apartheid South Africa. Using an African feminism theoretical framework and a critical content analysis approach, we examined the representation of female characters in a subset of supplementary reading titles created under an international development project. Through constant comparison of prepositions in the books, our findings indicated that the authors of these books (South African teachers) depicted females in complex, multifaceted, and, at times, contradictory roles. These panoramic roles created by the authors appeared to be situated in the very practical and lived experiences of children in South Africa. This study has implications for curriculum development in international settings.
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Pato, Luke, and Janet Trisk. "New Ways of Seeing: Theological Issues in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Journal of Anglican Studies 1, no. 2 (December 2003): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530300100206.
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ABSTRACTTheology in the time of apartheid in South Africa involved clear choices—either one supported the regime or one challenged it, as did the Kairos theologians. Since democratic elections in 1994, the choices are less clear and the issues more complex. The authors are South African theologians attempting to consider some of the challenges to doing theology in South Africa today. They argue that fundamental to this enterprise is the willingness to search for a new vision.
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Khumalo, Ziyanda, and Abdul Latif Alhassan. "Read, write, develop: the socio-economic impact of literacy in South Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 8 (April 29, 2021): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2020-0448.
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PurposeTaking motivation from South Africa's ranking of 50 out of 50 countries who participated in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study of Grade four learners in 2016, this paper examines the social and economic outcomes of literacy in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachUsing unemployment, income and crime rates as proxies for social and economic outcomes, the effect of literacy is examined by employing the fixed- and random-effects techniques to estimate a panel data covering nine provinces in South Africa from 2008 to 2017.FindingsThe results show that literacy rate worsens unemployment but improves crime rate and income per capita across South African provinces.Practical implicationsPolicymakers need to consider an expanded view of literacy by extending investments to cover financial and technology literacy in addition to functional literacy to fully maximise the benefits of education.Originality/valueTo the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first empirical assessment of literacy outcomes in South Africa.
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Z. Chen, Kevin, Claire Hsu, and Shenggen Fan. "Steadying the ladder." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2013-0055.
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Purpose – This paper aims to draw lessons from China's development experiences, particularly in the areas of agricultural and rural development, to increase growth and reduce poverty in Africa South of the Sahara. It also examines China's rising economic involvement in Africa and makes recommendations for how the win-win outcomes from this engagement can be strengthened. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors compare the trends in economic and agricultural growth, as well as poverty and hunger reduction, in China and Africa South of the Sahara. The authors then examine strategies for development – in particular agricultural and rural development – and poverty reduction. Next, the authors review China's economic engagement in Africa in the areas of trade, investment, aid, and technical cooperation. Findings – Having conducted a comparative review of China and Africa's distinct development paths and current policy contexts, the authors discuss China's development lessons for Africa South of the Sahara and policy recommendations for China-Africa engagement related to agricultural and rural development, openness and liberalization, evidence-based policymaking, pro-poor policies, institutions and capacity, rising inequality, and environmental degradation. Originality/value – This paper rigorously integrates China's positive and negative development lessons for Africa in light of the most recent research on emerging domestic and international development strategies.
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S, Magwaza. "Mapping the Colorectal Cancer Screening Scientific Landscape in South Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis to Identify Inequalities." Gastroenterology Open Access Open Journal 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33169/gastro.goaoj-2-107.
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Background This paper maps scientific publications to identify areas of CRC screening that are currently receiving greatest emphasis in South African research, as means, to identify the inequality in CRC screening research. Reviewing the publications can assist to identify research funding and research capacity gaps. It can also identify potential for collaboration of authors and institutions to reduce the inequalities. Methods We used bibliometrics to identify and map the scientific publications on CRC screening related to South Africa (SA).The search utilised three databases, namely: Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed to identify articles published between January 2000 to August 2020. We identified the document by type, research areas, journal type, affiliated countries and research organisations, authors with most publications, and funding sources. Results Forty-eight of the 368 publications were included for bibliometric analysis. Of these, there were 88% original articles; 6% were reviews; 4% were books and 2% were abstracts of meetings. The top CRC screening research areas were oncology (21%); gastroenterology and hepatology (13%), public, environmental, occupational health (13%) and genetics and heredity (13%).The top four journals that have published the CRC screening related to South Africa were the South African Medical J. Surgery (10%); South African Medical Journal (7%); Clinical Genetics (5%) and Colorectal Diseases (5%). 19% of articles were published in 2019. There were 28 (58%) articles with first authors from South Africa. There were ten publications without funding declared (21%). The top five research organisations from South Africa that published the most CRC screening research were University of Witwatersrand (36%); University of Western Cape (18%); University of Pretoria (14%); University of Cape Town and KwaZulu-Natal (11%). Conclusion Research and development of novel CRC screening technologies cannot be overemphasised, as catalyst for diverse screening alternatives that are less invasive, affordable and accessible to all those in need to expand access, coverage and increase uptake at local level. Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Bibliometric; Screening; Colonoscopy; Scientific landscape; Inequalities; Cancer; South Africa.
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Harari, O., and D. T. Beaty. "Africanizing the South African MBA: A way of avoiding self-delusion." South African Journal of Business Management 17, no. 1 (March 31, 1986): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v17i1.1029.
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A critical analysis of current issues facing MBA programmes in South Africa is addressed in this article. Questions of relevance of the current MBA for South African managers are explored, serious deficiencies are highlighted, and suggestions are given to redress the concerns noted by the authors. The article is concluded by anticipating and then answering possible objections to the recommendations made by the authors.
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Makhado, Ndivhuho A., Maphoshane Nchabeleng, Philip Supply, Bouke C. de Jong, and Emmanuel André. "Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in South Africa – Authors' reply." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 2 (February 2019): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30738-2.
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Dheda, Keertan, Motasim Badri, and Alimuddin Zumla. "Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa – Authors' reply." Lancet 376, no. 9742 (August 2010): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61329-3.
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Urban, Boris, and Mmapoulo Lindah Nkhumishe. "Public sector entrepreneurship in South Africa." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 8, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2019-112.
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Purpose Many unanswered questions remain regarding the authors’ understanding of how entrepreneurship can be fostered in the public sector. To fill this knowledge gap, the purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical investigation to determine the relationship between different organisational factors and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the South African public sector. Design/methodology/approach Primary data are sourced from middle-level managers at municipalities in the three largest provinces across South Africa. Hypotheses are statistically tested using regression analyses. Findings Results reveal that the organisational antecedents of structure and culture explain a significant amount of variation in the EO dimensions of innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness. Additionally, the findings on organisational rewards converge with an emerging stream of research which highlights that while rewards works well to motivate individuals in the private sector, they are negatively correlated with entrepreneurship in the public sector. Research limitations/implications The study implications relate to the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery of municipalities in South Africa. Due to increases in community protest actions, it is necessary not only to maximise efficiency in the provision of services, but also to innovate and be proactive in order to achieve more with less resources. Originality/value By investigating previously unrelated factors in the public sector, the authors create closer conceptual and empirical links between the role of organisational factors and each of the EO dimensions. Furthermore, the study takes place in a relatively under-researched entrepreneurship and public sector context.
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Maas, Gideon J. P., and Mike Herrington. "The Role of HEIs in an Entrepreneurial Renaissance in South Africa." Industry and Higher Education 25, no. 4 (August 2011): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2011.0047.
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For decades, entrepreneurs have been identified as critical change agents in socio-economic development. It is probably safe to say that some countries have had more success than others in the promotion of entrepreneurship; and in that context it can be argued that South Africa's successes are not yet clear. The promotion of entrepreneurship through the involvement of higher education institutions (HEIs) is by no means an easy task, but they have an important role to play. Although South African HEIs are focusing on various elements of entrepreneurship promotion, there is no clear evidence of an integrated effort from HEIs to develop entrepreneurial skills and activity. The authors argue that without such an integrated effort entrepreneurship development in South Africa is likely to be constrained.
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Moller, Jana. "Comparing electronic short books from the USA and the UK to South Africa." Electronic Library 32, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2013-0014.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the electronic short books phenomenon from the USA and the UK which has spilled over to South Africa. By looking at the benefits these short books have for readers and authors, and the possible reasons for their success, the aim is to determine whether or not these books can be as successful a venture in South Africa as it has been elsewhere. Design/methodology/approach – Information about electronic short books, or e-singles, is gathered from various sources, including press releases and sales results. Information is gathered to determine the receptiveness to electronic short books of the South African trade book reading market, the way South African publishers are presenting e-singles to the market and what the future for e-singles may be. Findings – The findings of this paper make it clear that e-singles have found a gap in the market, providing various benefits to authors and readers, which may have contributed to their success. In South Africa, the success of e-singles faces unique obstacles, like a weaker reading culture and a poor awareness of e-books. Publishers need to make a bigger effort to become visible in the eyes of their readers and need to think about better distribution strategies. Research limitations/implications – With comparisons, accuracy is dependent on information provided by organizations (on their Web sites). Originality/value – This paper offers information about a new publishing trend – only a few months in South Africa. It offers a look into the state of the trade book industry in South Africa, how e-singles may function in it and what publishers of e-singles may do to ensure more success. It predicts the future of e-singles in South Africa based on its unique situation, pointing out what obstacles there may be to their uptake.
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Coetzee, Sanet, and Rian Viviers. "An Overview of Research on Positive Psychology in South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 37, no. 3 (August 2007): 470–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630703700307.
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The paradigm of positive psychology was publicly launched by Martin Seligman in his Presidential Address to the American Psychology Association in 1998. Since then, the scientific study of optimal human functioning gained new momentum. This article provides an overview of research on positive psychology in South Africa. The article explores general trends and the main developments in the field, internationally as well as nationally. South African research in the paradigm of positive psychology was categorised according to a framework developed for the purposes of this article. Results indicate frequencies of South African research undertaken over the last 36 years. Possible future directions for research in the field are pointed out and integrated with recommendations from prominent South African and international authors.
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Mutula, Stephen, and Daisy Jacobs. "Knowledge Management Solution to Challenges of Higher Education in South Africa." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jide.2010091501.
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This article presents challenges facing higher education in South Africa and how knowledge management can be applied to ameliorate the situation. Some of these challenges include internal and external pressures for accountability and transparency in the management of the institutions; declining state subsidies; stiff competition from global counterparts; low graduate throughput; declining enrolments; inadequate facilities (e.g. space, ICTs and equipment); ill-prepared graduates for the job market; limited partnership with industry and government; brain drain; bureaucracy and general poor service delivery. The authors submit that South African universities have largely not embraced knowledge management practices and argue that KM integration within the universities’ strategic processes and operations can help address the challenges facing them. The article is largely based on authoritative secondary and primary sources complemented by the authors’ experiences working within university environments in Southern Africa.
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MACMILLAN, HUGH. "DEBATING THE ANC'S EXTERNAL LINKS DURING THE STRUGGLE AGAINST APARTHEID." Africa 85, no. 1 (January 23, 2015): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000692.
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Several recent publications have explored the African National Congress's (ANC's) external links during South Africa's apartheid years. The following four texts offer an insight into the very different personal and methodological approaches that have so far shaped attempts to understand this aspect of the ANC's struggle. The section starts with a review of Stephen Ellis's recent book External Mission: the ANC in exile, 1960–1990 by Hugh Macmillan, who argues that Ellis overemphasizes the relationship between the ANC and the South African Communist Party (SACP). In a response to this review, Stephen Ellis justifies his approach by pointing to the importance of interpretation for the production of history, but also by referring to the different networks and resources, both in South Africa and beyond, on which he and Macmillan were able to draw. A review of Hugh Macmillan's new book The Lusaka Years: the ANC in exile in Zambia, 1963 to 1994 by Arianna Lissoni follows. Lissoni agrees with the author that the debate about the ANC in exile must be understood in the context of contemporary disaffection with South Africa's ruling party. Emphasizing the specificity of the Zambian experience, she welcomes Macmillan's focus on the multiplicity of experiences in exile as potentially opening new avenues for further study and reflection on the ANC. Finally, Mariya Kurbak's consideration of Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson's The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet era explains that the authors' close understanding of Russian–South African relations enables them to illuminate the previously hidden importance of the Soviet Union in the history of South Africa and the ANC.
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Danso, Albert, and Samuel Adomako. "The financing behaviour of firms and financial crisis." Managerial Finance 40, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-04-2014-0098.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the capital structure literature by examining the determinants of capital structure from the context of South Africa and to provide evidence of the effects of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis on firm-level determinants of debt-equity choice. Design/methodology/approach – This paper begins by embarking on an extensive review of literature on extant empirical research on capital structure. The panel econometric technique is further adopted to examine firm-level determinants of capital structure and also the impact of 2007/2008 financial crisis. Findings – The findings of the paper suggest that theories of capital structure underpinning debt-equity choice of firms in developed economies are also applicable in the South African context. The authors also find a strong evidence of the effects of the financial crisis on the capital structure of firms in South Africa. Practical implications – This paper serves as springboard on which further research can be grounded and also highlights the interaction between the South African economy and the global economy. Originality/value – The paper provides a fresh evidence on the determinants of capital structure from the Sub-Saharan African context and to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that examines the effects of the 2007/2008 financial crisis on capital structure of firms in South Africa.
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Huyssteen, Elsona van, Cathy Meiklejohn, Maria Coetzee, Helga Goss, and Mark Oranje. "An Overview of South Africa's Metropolitan Areas – Dualistic, Dynamic and under Threat…" European Spatial Research and Policy 17, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10105-010-0008-2.
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The article explores the threats posed to metropolitan viability and resilience in South Africa which is faced by continued spatial and economic concentration and duality – a trend also evident in a number of Central European countries. Examples are provided of trends and challenges impacting the resilience of South Africa's metropolitan regions, as identified in recent empirical studies conducted by the authors. The paper argues that the agglomeration challenges facing South Africa's metropolitan regions and complications brought about by intra-metropolitan inequality are key aspects underlying the resilience of these regions. The article also suggests that there might be value in greater collaboration in research and knowledge-production and sharing in metropolitan planning, development and governance, between South African metropolitan regions and those in Central European countries.
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Jones, Sharon A., and Catriona Mhairi Duncanson. "Implications of the World Bank's privatization policy for South Africa." Water Policy 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0031.
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Providing potable water is a central issue for all nations and is of particular concern in developing countries where universal coverage does not exist. This paper evaluates the implications of the World Bank's privatization policy for the water sector in developing countries using South Africa as an example. The authors conclude that regardless of private investment, cost-accounting reform is needed both to provide universal services and to practice environmental stewardship. Based on theory and empirical evidence, concessions appear to be the optimal form of water sector privatization. The structure of the water sector in South Africa favors the use of concessions if a privatization strategy is pursued. The South African case shows that the success of attempts to privatize a monopolistic water sector depends on developing adequate regulatory and administrative capacity. This conclusion aligns closely with the current World Bank privatization policy. However, the authors argue that the Bank policy does not explicitly address several issues that are necessary to maximize the benefits of privatization. In addition, the authors agree with other analysts who suggest that the World Bank would benefit from a new paradigm for infrastructure privatization that is more transparent and includes a coalition of stakeholders with community involvement.
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Hauptfleisch, Temple. "The Company You Keep: Subversive Thoughts on the Impact of the Playwright and the Performer." New Theatre Quarterly 11, no. 44 (November 1995): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00009301.
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This article explores the much-debated question of the political impact or potential of theatre from a new angle. Accepting frankly the limitations of a medium which seldom reaches more than four per cent of the population, Temple Hauptfleisch looks instead at the contingent ways in which influence works – creating ‘images’ of authors, performers, venues, companies, and even of specific occasions which work upon audiences and non-audiences alike. The ideas explored in this article were first proposed in a paper read at a colloquium on ‘The Semiotics of Political Transition’, held at the Port Elizabeth Campus of Vista University in August, 1992: although most of the author's examples are thus from the theatre world of South Africa, the major thrust of his argument holds equally well for any contemporary westernized, media-dominated society. Temple Hauptfleisch is Associate Professor of Drama and Head of Theatre Research at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. He is co-editor of the South African Theatre Journal and has published widely on the history and theory of South African theatre.
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Adomah Worae, Thomas, and Collins C. Ngwakwe. "Environmental responsibility and financial performance nexus in South Africa: panel Granger causality analysis." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.03.
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The authors examined environmental responsibility and financial performance nexus of Johannesburg Stock Exchange’s socially responsible investing manufacturing and mining firms during the period of 2008-2014. The study employs annual panel dataset of fourteen manufacturing and mining companies on the index, and Granger causality analysis using Gcause2 Baum’s version. The paper found unidirectional causal relationship between environmental responsibility, measured by emissions intensity and equity returns, and bidirectional causal relationship between emissions intensity and market value of equity deflated by sales at 1% significant levels. Impliedly, improvements in ‘energy efficient technologies’ to reduce fossil energy consumption (prevention activities) seem to exhibit value destroying tendencies, while improvements in ‘end-of-pipe’ activities seem to estimate a drive market value of equity deflated by sales and equity returns. The Pesaran CD and Breusch-Pagan LM tests confirmed existence of cross-sectional dependence amongst panel members. The authors tend to support institutional and stakeholder theories.
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Schultz, T. Paul, and Germano Mwabu. "Labor Unions and the Distribution of Wages and Employment in South Africa." ILR Review 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 680–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100407.
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Few countries have higher wage inequality than South Africa, where wages of African and white workers differ by a factor of five. Using survey data collected in 1993, the authors analyze the complex effect of unions on this wage gap. Among male African workers in the bottom decile of the wage distribution, union membership was associated with wages that were 145% higher than those of comparable nonunion workers, and among those in the top decile the differential was 19%. Regression estimates also indicate that returns to observed productive characteristics of workers, such as education and experience, were larger for nonunion than union workers. If the large union relative wage effect were cut in half, the authors estimate that employment of African youth, age 16–29, would increase by two percentage points, and their labor force participation rate would also increase substantially.
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Tandlich, Roman, Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala, Aileen Boshoff, Phindile Madikizela, C. Sunitha Srinivas, Desmond M. Pyle, and Rene Oosthuizen. "Challenges and Curriculum Transformation in the Higher Education Sector in South Africa: A Case Study in WASH to Improve the Training of Pharmacists." Acta Educationis Generalis 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0001.
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AbstractIntroduction: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills.Methods: The study was performed as a combination of calculations and a literature review to obtain the background or current status of the higher education sector and developmental planning in South Africa. For this, data were extracted from the Statistics South Africa reports, relevant professional articles on South African higher education sector and results of postgraduate research. Workshop results which were obtained as a collaboration between a public and a private higher education institution and results of postgraduate research were used as the paradigm for transformation and decolonisation of the curriculum for a professional degree in South Africa.Results and discussion: Challenges exist in the South African tertiary education sector and the graduation rate currently stands at 65.1% of the target set by the National Development Plan. Around 58.1% of all students do not complete their university/post-secondary education, which could provide a partial explanation for the skills shortage in South Africa. Decolonisation and transformation of the tertiary education curriculum are major topics in the discourse on higher education in South Africa. The authors propose that one way to achieve this would be inclusion of research results and group activities in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene as a topic for possible and partial transformation of the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum.Conclusions: The current article summarises some of topics and challenges that drive the current discourse, developmental and curriculum debate in higher education in South Africa. Student access and through put at tertiary institutions need to be improved and the curriculum needs to be transformed.
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Nas, L. "Postcolonial travel accounts and ethnic subjectivity: travelling through Southern Africa." Literator 32, no. 2 (June 22, 2011): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v32i2.16.
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This article deals with three recent South African travelogues, to wit Sihle Khumalo’s “Dark continent: my black arse” (2007) and “Heart of Africa: centre of my gravity” (2009), and Steven Otter’s “Khayelitsha: umlungu in a township” (2007). It argues that the authors are engaged in a postcolonial quest to find out what makes them African: the one, a black corporate employee, by following the footsteps of white nineteenth century explorers; the other, a white journalism student, by living in one of South Africa’s largest black townships.
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Assensoh-Kodua, Akwesi, Stephen Migiro, and Emmanuel Mutambara. "Mobile banking in South Africa: a systematic review of the literature." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(1).2016.04.
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Mobile banking in South Africa recently has undergone rapid growth, and research on it is on the increase. This paper seeks to improve authors’ understanding of the current state of knowledge of mobile banking in South Africa by providing a systematic review of the existing literature on the phenomenon. The literature review shows that research to date has centred on small academic models with a high level of practitioner involvement, consequently, narrowing research issues of greater concern. Thus, issues of assessing mobile banking needs, factors imparting continuance usage, and the measurement of impact have been comparatively neglected. A future direction for research and practice within the mainstream of mobile banking and financial services is suggested to remedy this imbalance and to contribute to mobile banking applications in South Africa
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Ismail, Nazir A., Shaheed V. Omar, Lindiwe Mvusi, and Shabir A. Madhi. "Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa – Authors' reply." Lancet Infectious Diseases 18, no. 8 (August 2018): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30422-5.
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Teman, Eric D., and Veronica M. Richard. "Ethical Conundrums in Rural South Africa." Qualitative Inquiry 23, no. 4 (July 19, 2016): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800416659082.
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We engage in story- retelling by recounting, reconstructing, and reflecting on our experiences as evaluators in a cross-cultural setting, a South African village. A principal focus on the serendipitous ethical and methodological issues that arose is highlighted. As most ethical dilemmas go, solutions are not clear. Therefore, the authors spend time critically considering the soundness of the decisions that were made, from the lack of diversity of the research team, to the ways we interacted with local citizens, to research design issues. We share our thoughts through a confessional tale via research poetry.
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Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L., Herve Momo Jeufack, Nicholas H. Neufeld, Atalay Alem, Sara Sauer, Jackline Odhiambo, Yap Boum, Miriam Shuchman, and Jimmy Volmink. "Stuck in the middle: a systematic review of authorship in collaborative health research in Africa, 2014–2016." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (October 2019): e001853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001853.
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BackgroundCollaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research.MethodsWe extracted papers on ‘health’ in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author’s affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper’s focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests.ResultsOf the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper’s focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities—for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper’s focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors.DiscussionIndividuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.
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Zavyalova, Natalya, Evgenia Evgenevna Frolova, Vitaliy Vasilievich Bezbakh, Ekaterina Petrovna Rusakova, and Mihail Nikolaevich Dudin. "BRICS Message From South Africa." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 26 (February 21, 2020): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.26.02.60.
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The paper features the data obtained from the analysis of a video strip with the help of ELAN 5.4, the free software developed by the experts from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Language Archive, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The software enables to annotate video and audio strips, describing pauses, the duration of utterances, gestures, pronunciation and other linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The speaker in the video – South African President Cyril Ramaphosa – delivers his official address to the leaders of the 10th BRICS leadership summit in Sandton, Johannesburg on July 26, 2018. BRICS is a powerful link of a global financial architecture. Its main targets are to mobilize resources for sustainable development projects of BRICS and to facilitate the global growth of multilateral and regional financial, educational and industrial institutions. The material and the speaker for the analysis belong to the domain of BRICS top level politics. South Africa was the main host of the leadership summit in 2018. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in his speech stressed the significance of the fourth industrial revolution highlighted by Professor Klaus Schawb at the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2016. The notion of the revolution appeared in the South African leader's address 7 times. Nevertheless, the authors of the paper see more messages hidden between the lines of the South African President's address. In the paper it is argued that BRICS architecture has a right to be interpreted as an attempt of keeping the world away from further plunging into environmental degradation, the development of critical thinking and innovation among BRICS citizens. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the method of pauses analysis to reveal a more complex mixture of speakers' visions. Long pauses are meaningful and extremely informative for discourse analysis. The data may be relevant for discourse analysis experts, political journalists, educators and copywriters.
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Goosen, Samantha, and Nicci Whitear-Nel. "Revising spousal testimonial privilege and marital communications privilege in South African criminal procedure: Is abolition or extension the answer? Part 2." South African Journal of Criminal Justice 33, no. 3 (2020): 598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sacj/v33/i3a5.
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Although South Africa has not directly grappled with whether to extend the protection of the marital privileges to cohabitant life partners, Canada has. The ‘marital privileges’ refer to spousal testimonial privilege and marital communications privilege, collectively, in this article. In 2015, the Canadian legislature abolished spousal testimonial privilege. The marital communications privilege has been retained, and the Canadian courts have considered whether to extend it to cohabitant life partners or abolish it. To gain perspective on whether the marital privileges in South Africa should be retained but reformed, the authors discuss the position in Canada, a constitutionally comparable democracy. The authors consider the scope and applicability of the marital privileges before and after the 2015 Canadian amendments,1 which abrogated spousal testimonial privilege. The authors discuss the abrogation of spousal testimonial privilege in Canada and consider its relevance in the South African context. Also considered is why the marital communications privilege has been retained. This research suggests that while the central rationale for retaining the marital communications privilege is to foster marital relationships and protect the right to privacy, the rationale of dignity also plays a key role. The authors also consider the decision of the European Court of Human Rights dealing with marital communications privilege in The Netherlands. Finally, it will be submitted that whichever view one takes, the marital privileges in South Africa should not be retained in their current form.
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Hume, Victoria Jane, and Megan Wainwright. "Reflections on a field across time and space: the emergent medical and health humanities in South Africa." Medical Humanities 44, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011475.
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In this paper, we draw on our own cross-cultural experience of engaging with different incarnations of the medical and health humanities (MHH) in the UK and South Africa to reflect on what is distinct and the same about MHH in these locations. MHH spaces, whether departments, programmes or networks, have espoused a common critique of biomedical dualism and reductionism, a celebration of qualitative evidence and the value of visual and performative arts for their research, therapeutic and transformative social potential. However, there have also been differences, and importantly a different ‘identity’ among some leading South African scholars and practitioners, who have felt that if MHH were to speak from the South as opposed to the North, they would say something quite different. We seek to contextualise our personal reflections on the development of the field in South Africa over recent years within wider debates about MHH in the context of South African academia and practice, drawing in part on interviews conducted by one of the authors with South African researchers and practitioners and our own reflections as ‘Northerners’ in the ‘South’.
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Wilson, Kasyoka Magdalene, and Désiré Vencatachellum. "Stock market performance and cross-border mergers and acquisitions in South Africa." Studies in Economics and Finance 37, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-11-2017-0315.
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Purpose Since the attainment of fully fledged democracy in 1994, South Africa witnessed a substantial increase in both the number and the value of completed mergers and acquisitions (M&As) targeting South African firms. In spite of this development, studies on foreign direct investment (FDI) on South Africa have not looked at determinants of entry-mode choice of FDI such as M&A. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by investigating locational factors that make South Africa an attractive destination for M&A activity in Africa. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse both the number and the value of M&As, the dependent variable. They analyse the number of firms acquired each quarter in South Africa from 1991 to 2014 using a count model – the negative binomial model. They then compare the results for this model with those of benchmark models such as the normal count and the Poisson count models. In this paper, the authors test for stationarity of the time series using the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and the Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) tests. They examine the long-run relationship between the value of M&As and the selected macroeconomic variables using Johansen’s co-integration technique. Findings This paper finds that both the number and the value of M&As in South Africa are positively influenced by the performance of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange during the period 1991 to 2014. This result confirmed the expectations hypothesis that stock markets facilitate M&A activity. The authors also observed that other financial and macroeconomic variables – exchange rate volatility, relative inflation rate and economic growth – are important locational factors for M&A activity. Among these factors, the exchange rate volatility exerts the greatest influence on M&As. The rate of growth of gross domestic product (GDP) matters for M&A activity in emerging market economies such as South Africa. Research limitations/implications The data for the number of M&As are more complete than that of values. This is because some firms choose not to report the value of deals after a transaction takes place, resulting in missing data for the value of M&A deals. Practical implications This paper shows the important role played by pull factors on the direction of capital flows in the long run. It is recommended that policy-makers should further strengthen and improve the efficiency of domestic financial markets. Stable and reliable monetary policy framework that maintains low levels of inflation and mitigates the volatility of exchange rate is important for FDI and M&A flows to emerging market economies. There is a need to put the necessary measures in place to improve South Africa's economic growth rate, which has been weak since the global financial crisis of 2008. Originality/value Most academic literature has examined determinants of aggregate FDI without consideration of entry-mode choice. This paper focused on the M&A entry-mode for an emerging market economy. The authors show that equity markets play a key role in facilitating M&A activity. The expectations hypothesis by Nelson (1959) that stock markets facilitate M&A activity is confirmed in this way for South Africa.
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du Preez, N. P., P. van Eldik, M. Möhr, and H. H. van der Watt. "The Development and Establishment of Technology in South Africa." Industry and Higher Education 12, no. 1 (February 1998): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229801200103.
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In a two-part analysis (Part 2 follows on pp 27–31), the authors discuss the key results of a South African project conducted during 1996 which focused on the factors relating to the development and establishment of technology in a country. The study investigated through a detailed questionnaire survey and a literature survey the various factors that promote the development and establishment of technology by comparing their perceived importance with the actual role they currently play in South Africa. This paper, Part 1, concentrates on the role of higher education. The importance of academic institutions in supplying high-level human resources was rated very highly (90.47%) but the role it is currently playing in reality was rated at 52.8%. Closely connected with this, the availability of high-level skilled technological people was given an importance of 89% while the current reality was rated at only 43%. This clearly shows that the South African higher education system is performing poorly in addressing these vital needs. The availability of entrepreneurs with innovative and creative skills to participate in the development and diffusion of technology was given an importance rating of 84.3% against a current situation of 42.2%, again indicating South Africa's weak performance. The results of the survey and the consequent recommendations are important to all developing countries with newly industrial economies.
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Freeman, Melvyn, and Cedric de Beer. "Viewing Primary Mental Health Care at a Time of Social Transition in South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 22, no. 2 (April 1992): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bjv1-9f3y-pv05-mwrv.
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As South Africa shifts from a social structure based on the principles of apartheid to a democratic society, social policies must be developed that are consonant with the ideals of the “new” society. These must, however, take into account the current realities of the South African context. This article suggests that the application of the principles of primary mental health care is the approach most likely to meet mental health needs in the future South Africa, but that difficulties are likely to arise in the transition to this approach. These difficulties must be identified and dealt with. The authors discuss the problems in providing competent curative care to all and in shifting emphasis to prevention and promotion in mental health care. The discussion covers both practical and political complications. The authors conclude that though the process to primary mental health care will be a long one, the problems are unlikely to be insurmountable.
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Thompson, Kirsten, Renee Van Eyden, and Rangan Gupta. "Identifying an index of financial conditions for South Africa." Studies in Economics and Finance 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2013-0098.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to construct a financial conditions index (FCI) for the South African economy to enable the gauging of financial conditions and to better understand the macro-financial linkages in the country. The global financial crisis that began in 2007-2008 demonstrated how severe the impact of financial markets’ stress on real economic activity can be. In the wake of the financial crisis, policy-makers and decision-makers across the world identified the critical need for a better understanding of financial conditions, and more importantly, their impact on the real economy. Design/methodology/approach – The FCI is constructed using monthly data over the period 1966 to 2011, and is based on a set of 16 financial variables, which include variables that define the state of international financial markets, asset prices, interest rate spreads, stock market yields and volatility, bond market volatility and monetary aggregates. The authors explore different methodologies for constructing the FCI, including full sample and rolling-window principal components analysis. Furthermore, the authors investigate whether it is beneficial to purge the FCI of the real effects of inflation, economic growth and interest rates, and evaluate the performance of our constructed FCIs by comparing their ability to pick up turning points in the South African business cycle, and by running in-sample causality (forecast) tests. Findings – The authors find that the estimated FCIs are good predictors of economic activity; with the rolling-window FCI being the “best” performing index. Causality tests indicate that this FCI is a good in-sample predictor of industrial production growth and the Treasury Bill rate, but a weak predictor of inflation. Practical implications – The authors find that the resulting FCI can act as an “early warning system”. This, in turn, may serve to indicate that monetary policy should take broader financial conditions into account. Originality/value – This study offers three main contributions to the existing literature on financial conditions in South Africa: the authors construct an FCI over a sample period that is three decades longer than existing indices, the FCI of this paper comprises a wider coverage of financial variables than others and the authors make use of rolling-window estimation techniques that allow them to account for parameter instability and to capture the real-time constraints faced by a policymaker.
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Andrews, Grant. "The emergence of black queer characters in three post-apartheid novels." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 56, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.56i2.5843.
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Before the end of apartheid, queer lives were almost entirely unrepresented in public literary works in South Africa. Only after the fall of institutionalised apartheid could literature begin to look back at the role of queer people in the history of South Africa, and begin to acknowledge that queer people are a part of the fabric of South African society. A number of celebrated authors emerged who were exploring queer themes; however, most of these authors and the stories they told were from a white perspective, and black queer voices were still largely absent in literature, especially novels. This paper explores the limited number of black queer literary representations following the influential work of K. Sello Duiker. I explore the social dynamics that might have influenced the fact that so few examples of black queer characters currently exist in South African literature. Through an analysis of novels by Fred Khumalo, Zukiswa Wanner, and Chwayita Ngamlana, I show how black, queer characters in post-apartheid novels confront ideas of culture, race, and sexuality as they wrestle with their identities and with questions of belonging and visibility.
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Alhassan, Abdul Latif, and Nicholas Biekpe. "Pricing power in insurance markets: evidence from South Africa." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2018-0297.
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Purpose In less competitive markets, firms with market power are likely to exercise pricing power by setting output prices above their marginal cost, inducing welfare losses from resource misallocation, managerial inefficiency and market instability. In order to address such market imperfections, it is important for regulatory authorities to identify the sources of pricing power and devise policies to address their adverse effects. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to undertake an empirical analysis to identify the determinants of pricing power in the South African non-life insurance market. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate the Lerner competitive index as the proxy for pricing power using annual data on 79 firms from 2007 to 2012. In the second stage, the paper employs panel regression techniques in the ordinary least squares, random effects and generalised method of moment’s estimations to examine the effect of insurer level characteristics on pricing power. Findings The authors find the market to be characterised by firms with high pricing power. Domestic-owned insurers are found to exercise high pricing power compared with foreign-owned insurers. The authors also identify size, cost efficiency, product line diversification, market concentration, leverage and reinsurance contracts as the significant predictors of pricing power in the market. Finally, through a quantile regression analysis, the authors find the effect of cost efficiency, business line diversification and reinsurance to be heterogeneous across different quantiles of pricing power. Practical implications The findings provide regulatory authorities with useful indicators in addressing anti-competitive behaviour in high pricing power to enhance the stability of the insurance market and improve consumer welfare and economic development. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is first paper to examine the determinants of pricing power and competitive behaviour in an insurance market.
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Oodith, Pravina D., and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Tapping into the bottom of the pyramid (bop) market in South Africa: possible? And how?" Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c2art6.
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Prahalad (2005) believes that the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) proposition can fulfill both the social goals of poverty eradication and the business goals of profits. The current ominous state of poverty in South Africa together with South Africa’s commitment to the United Nations Millennium Declaration to halve poverty by 2015 has motivated the researchers to consider Prahalad’s proposition of collaborating with the various constituencies including the multinational corporations (MNCs) to address the needs of the BOP market. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing Prahalad’s Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) proposition in the South African market and to conceptualize alternative approaches to developing marketing strategies for the South African BOP consumers. The study adopts a theoretical research study. It reviews statistics on the extent of poverty in South Africa. Arguments for and against the BOP proposition are examined and the researchers assess how the BOP proposition may work in the South African context. The secondary data indicates that the BOP is a lucrative market in the South African context. The authors conclude that the BOP proposition, if effectively implemented, has the potential to reduce poverty in South Africa and increase the profits of multinational corporations (MNCs). The researchers recognize the importance of MNC’s buying into the BOP proposition from the standpoint of corporate social responsibility (CSR). They also propose a 6As Framework for the implementation of the BOP philosophy and a model for eradicating/minimizing poverty through profits.
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Mitchell, J. "Trends in physiotherapy research in South Africa 1980-1989." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 46, no. 4 (November 30, 1990): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v46i4.780.
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A survey of the main papers published in the South African Journal of Physiotherapy over the past 10 years (1980 to 1989) was conducted to establish the trends in research methodology, subject topic and qualifications of the first authors. It was found that there is a significant increase in the number of experimental trials used and a similar decrease in the number of surveys conducted from the first to the second five-year periods (1980 to 1984 and 1985 to 1989). Statistical analyses of data were more often used in the second period. There is a marked increase in the number of articles on education/administration in the second period. In this period from 1985 to 1989, there are fewer first authors with a Diploma in Physiotherapy only, a medical degree or a technical qualification, while there are more first authors with postgraduate qualifications. These findings support the observation that there is a growing awareness of the need for a more scientific approach to Physiotherapy research.
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Ngwaba, Chigozie Andy, and SeyedSoroosh Azizi. "Effectiveness of tax reform on entrepreneurship." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 9, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-07-2019-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of tax reform on entrepreneurship in South Africa using repeated cross-sectional data from the World Bank. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a difference-in-difference estimation technique as well as contrasting periods before and after the tax reform. This contrast is achieved by examining individuals in the formal and informal sector and measuring the effectiveness of the reform on self-employment. Findings The results indicate that the tax reform had a positive and significant effect on the probability of becoming self-employed in South Africa and is robust across different econometric specifications. Originality/value The authors use individual-level data to measure the effectiveness of a tax reform policy on entrepreneurship. Utilizing the South African post-Apartheid tax reform as a natural experiment allows the authors to identify the effects of taxes on the choice of becoming self-employed.
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Dunne, Ilka, and Anita Bosch. "Graduate identity development in South Africa." Journal of Managerial Psychology 30, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2013-0200.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the misunderstandings that hamper the graduate identity development process of black South African graduates in the first year of work. The authors introduce the role of an independent mediator in supporting identity development in a graduate development programme (GDP). The independent mediator mediates between graduate and manager when misunderstandings occur that inhibit the warranting process during professional identity development. Design/methodology/approach – In seeking to understand the graduate transition from student to professional, the authors used identity studies as the foundation from which to track a group of 21 graduates on a year-long GDP, in a financial institution in Johannesburg, South Africa. A model of emergent graduate identity was utilised to gain insight into the warranting process and associated behaviours that graduates employ in their interactions with others in the workplace. Findings – As warranting is based on people’s own assumptions and beliefs about a particular situation or role, misunderstandings can occur during the warranting process when graduates are determining their professional identity, and managers are either affirming of disaffirming this identity. These misunderstandings were exacerbated by the fact that the graduates were often South African multi-cultural, first-generation professionals who lacked insight into and experience of corporate dynamics, this impacted on how they found their place in the organisation. Both graduates and managers were often not equipped to deal with cultural, racial, and other differences. When the graduate programme manager stepped in to play the additional role of independent mediator, helping to mediate misinterpretations during the identity formation process, the negative impact of misunderstandings was lessened, and graduates transitioned to a professional identity with greater ease. Managers also learned about managing multi-cultural individuals and their own, often limiting, experiences and worldviews. Practical implications – This highlights the value of a third-party intervention in graduate identity transitions, particularly in contexts where the graduate has little or no experience of what it means to be professional, and where managers are not equipped to deal with people who come from backgrounds that differ vastly from their own. Originality/value – The role of a third-party in shaping the identities of graduates during the identity warranting process, referred to as the independent mediator in this paper, has not been presented in research before. Studies of this nature would give us insight into how best to support graduate identity development and improve the design of GDPs.
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Coetsee, Daniël, and Nerine Stegmann. "A profile of accounting research in South African accounting journals." Meditari Accountancy Research 20, no. 2 (October 12, 2012): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10222521211277807.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the profile of accounting research in the two academic accounting research journals in South Africa (Meditari Accountancy Research and SA Journal of Accounting Research) during the ten‐year period from 2000 to 2009.Design/methodology/approachThe archival research method is applied, which analyses existing data (in this case the articles published in the South African (SA) accounting research journals) to come to research conclusions. The research method used to analyse the related articles in the SA accounting research journals is based on various international studies. The following dimensions are assessed: authorship; research field; the nature of the research; and research methods. Authorship is classified by institution, and the top seven authors by relative contribution are also identified. Both empirical and theoretical work are classified separately in different research methods.FindingsThese different dimensions provide a broad‐based review of the current profile of accounting research in South Africa.Research limitations/implicationsOther refereed academic articles in the field of accounting have been published in non‐accounting specific SAPSE‐approved journals. These articles are also excluded from the scope of this research since the journals in which they are published have not been established by accounting academics specifically.Practical implicationsThe motivation for doing this research is to identify the current profile of accounting research in South Africa that could be used as a basis for future research‐related development.Originality/valueKnowledge of the profile of accounting research in South Africa could provide opportunities for scholars to expand identified research areas and explore methods that are currently under‐developed in the South African accountancy research field. The paper also acknowledges the contributions by the most prolific authors in the identified journals.
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Fowowe, Babajide. "Return and volatility spillovers between oil and stock markets in South Africa and Nigeria." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2017-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine return and volatility spillovers between oil and the stock markets of Nigeria and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of an innovative new methodology of capturing spillovers, which is different from what many existing studies use. The authors employ the measures of return spillovers and volatility spillovers of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012), referred to as spillover indexes. The spillover index facilitates an assessment of the net contribution of one market in the information transmission mechanism of another market. Findings The empirical results show bi-directional, but weak interdependence between the South African and Nigerian stock markets returns and oil market returns. The results for volatility spillovers show independence of volatilities between Nigeria stock markets and oil markets, while weak bi-directional spillovers were found between South African equity volatilities and oil volatilities. The time-varying total spillover plots for returns and volatilities are broadly similar and show a trend that has been observed in other studies: an increasing trend during the non-crisis period, a burst in the crisis year, a maintained higher level of transmission afterwards. Originality/value Existing studies examining spillovers between oil and stock markets have largely ignored Sub-Saharan African markets. A common feature of existing studies is that they have been conducted for two groups of countries: either European and US markets; or Gulf Cooperation Council markets Thus, this study fills this gap in the literature by examining return and volatility spillovers between oil and the stock markets of Nigeria and South Africa.
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Ahmed Haji, Abdifatah, and Mutalib Anifowose. "Initial trends in corporate disclosures following the introduction of integrated reporting practice in South Africa." Journal of Intellectual Capital 18, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 373–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-01-2016-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of IR reforms in South Africa on corporate disclosure practices of South African companies. In particular, the authors explore initial trends in corporate disclosures following the adoption of IR practice. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from Suchman’s (1995) framework of strategic and institutional legitimacy, the authors use content analysis to examine corporate disclosure practices. The authors conduct industry-specific analyses based on various industries to explore corporate disclosures practices across and within various industries in South Africa. The evidence is drawn from 246 integrated reports of large South African companies across six major industries over a three-year period (2011-2013), a period following the introduction of an “apply or explain” IR requirement in South Africa. Findings The results first show a significant increase in the overall amount of corporate disclosures following the adoption of IR practice. In particular, the authors find that intellectual capital and human capital disclosure categories have increased over time, with relational capital disclosures showing a decreasing trend. Second, the authors find that corporate disclosures are increasingly becoming institutionalised over time across and within industries following the adoption of IR practice. However, companies fail to provide meaningful disclosures on the interdependencies and trade-offs between the capitals, or components of a capital following the adoption of IR practice. Overall, the authors find that companies use specific disclosure strategies to respond to external pressures (strategic legitimacy), and that such disclosure strategies are increasingly becoming institutionalised across and within various industries (institutional legitimacy). Practical implications The theoretical implication of this study is that the strategic and institutional perspectives of legitimacy theory are complementary, rather than conflicting, and dovetail to explain corporate reporting practices. In terms of practical implications, the adoption of specific reporting frameworks such as the emerging IR framework is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, such reporting frameworks could potentially enhance comparability and consistency of organisational reports across and within industries. On the other hand, corporate reports could become a set of monotonous reports motivated by considerations other organisational accountability. Hence, to overcome the latter, this study emphasises the importance of specific accountability metrics and reporting guidelines, rather than the current generic IR guidelines, to enhance organisational reporting practices. Originality/value The paper’s longitudinal analysis of a large sample of integrated reports following the adoption of IR practice has the potential to inform growing academic research and ongoing policy initiatives for the emerging IR agenda.
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Siebers, Robert. "Nurses’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173370.
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A recent article in this journal presented the knowledge and attitude towards caring for HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. The authors, in their discussion section, state that the majority of their respondents had a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS in contrast to the results of a South African study of nurses. In support of that statement the authors cite the study of Juan et al and hypothesise that this difference may be due to the fact that their study was done in urban areas of Nigeria while the study by Juan et al was done in a rural area of South Africa.
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Yates, Hannelie, and Ignatius Swart. "The Rights of Children: A New Agenda For Practical Theology in South Africa." Religion and Theology 13, no. 3-4 (2006): 314–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430106779024635.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to give prominence to the rights of children as a new agenda for Practical Theology in South Africa. Adopting a distinctly contextual approach, the article takes a critical look at the problematic situation of children in present-day South Africa and then focuses attention on the emergence of a children's rights agenda, both internationally and in South African society. A discussion of these aspects leads the authors to address pertinently the issue of Christian theology's complementary role in the children's rights agenda, which, however, is problematised in the light of theology's one-sided and limited involvement thus far in the issue of children. It is argued that a practical theological paradigm – in which a praxis of liberation, change and transformation is of prime importance – should reflect an active involvement in the children's rights agenda. In the light of the special realities of South African society, the importance of meeting distinct contextual and hermeneutical challenges is stated as condition for an effective practical theological involvement in the problematics of the rights of children.