Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Souris de laboratoire – Tests'
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Petit-Demoulière, Benoit. "Caractérisation des facteurs spatiaux-temporels et des structures cérébrales impliqués dans la tolérance aux benzodiazépines et dans la mémoire aversive, observées lors du test-retest des quatre plaques chez la souris." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3c881546-94c8-4ecc-8bae-ac363cf99af4.
Full textThis thesis aimed at discovering factors and cerebral structures implicated in the modification of the behaviour of mice, during re-exposure to a four-plate test. Aversive memory and one-trial tolerance (OTT) are observed during this retest. Aversive memory consists in a diminution of the number of accepted punished passages. « One-trial tolerance » is the abolishment of the anxiolytic-like effect of a drug in experimented mice. Diazepam, a usual benzodiazepine affected by OTT, is used in parallel with DOI, a 5-HT2A/2C agonist that keeps its anxiolytic-like activity during retest, in order to study this phenomenon. In the first study, spatial knowledge of the apparatus was found to be responsible of the OTT during retest. The aversive memory was linked also to punishments. The second study showed that 30 seconds of pretest were sufficient to observe OTT and aversive memory during retest. Moreover, aversive memory is effective immediately after the pretest. In the next study, local injections of DOI and of diazepam revealed that hippocampus was activated by DOI. Diazepam was active when injected into lateral nuclei of amygdala in naive mice, and into periaqueductal gray matter in experimented mice. A neuro-chemical study with HPLC revealed that serotonergic system was affected by the pretest in hippocampus and cortex. Dopaminergic system was modified in hypothalamus of experimented mice. To sum up, these results suggest that aversive memory and OTT seem triggered via different mechanisms, supported by different structures
Ripoll, Nadège. "Le test-retest dans un modèle animal d'anxiété chez la souris : sensibilisation, discrimination dans le test des quatre-plaques." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b75d6022-60ae-47de-8c05-543e45736e42.
Full textA test-retest protocol in animal models of anxiety induces an increase of anxious behaviour and a loss of benzodiazepines (BZD)-induced effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the test-retest protocol in the four-plates-test is able to discriminate between anxiolytic compounds with distinct mechanism of action and tried to explain the changes in behaviour and pharmacological response in retested mice. In contrast to BZDs and antidepressants [paroxetine, a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor and venlafaxine, a 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor], the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist DOI, conserves its anxiolytic-like effect in mice when retested on FPT. DOI exerts its anxiolytic-like effect in the FPT test-retest paradigm through 5-HT2A receptors. In naive mice, DOI-induced anti-punishment effect was abolished by pretreatment with clonidine (an alpha2 receptor agonist), sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist), SCH 23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist) and buspirone (a 5-HT1A partial agonist and D2 receptor antagonist). Only sulpiride and SCH 23390 antagonized the DOI-induced activity in experienced mice. The Lesion of dopaminergic neurons suppress the DOI-induced effect in retested mice, but not in naive mice. In contrast to DOI, diazepam lost its anxiolytic-like effect in 5-HT depleted naive mice
Delpuech, Benjamin. "Simulation de la résistance du tibia de souris avec et sans tumeur osseuse." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1132.
Full textThe human body (adult) is composed of 206 bones ("Anatomy and Physiology | Simple Book Production" n.d.) that are dense tissues and make up the bulk of the human skeleton. The skeleton, being highly vascularized, is the most commonly affected site for metastatic cancer (Coleman 1997). The development of these bone metastases weakens the bone and can cause pathological fractures. However, the prediction of such fractures is difficult and far from automatic. One possibility for creating a more powerful diagnostic tool would be finite element simulations (FEA). Studies have shown that patient-specific FEA is able to surpass the expertise of clinicians in the case of ex vivo studies with mechanically induced bone defects (including Derikx et al., 2012). Research on bone cancer, however, is hard to put in place as samples are rare. In order to overcome the difficulty of finding human samples that are rarely available, the mouse has been used as a skeletal model in several cases, including the mechanical resistance of bones with ex vivo metastases (Mann et al., 2008). Thus, in order to study the involvement of metastatic tissue in the overall bone resistance of real samples, we used this animal model to create tumor samples. Our goal was twofold: first, to quantify the contribution of taking into account the mechanical properties of metastasis in the overall resistance of the bone. Secondly, to see if a simpler model than that proposed in the literature (based on purely elastic rather than elastoplastic properties (Eggermont et al., 2018) could improve the prediction of pathological fractures. First, the results obtained with our heterogeneous models (not taking tumor into account) showed a good consistency with the literature, the correlation between all the heterogeneous models (n = 43 legs) regarding the agreement of simulated and experimental fracture were of the same order of magnitude as a similar study conducted on mouse vertebrae (Nyman et al., 2015). Then, the model taking into account the properties of the tumors did not make it possible to improve the fracture prediction. The average of the differences of models taking tumor into account being of 30 ± 21% (n = 11 tumor limbs) against 12 ± 9% (n = 43 limbs). In addition, the specific model (taking into account the modulus of the tumors) being more difficult to obtain than the heterogeneous model (not requiring segmentation between bone and tumor), the first does not seem to be a wise choice in the prediction of long bone fracture presenting bone lysis. Finally, a detection criterion based on the difference between global and local ultimate force values made it possible to detect the majority of the mechanical instabilities observed in this study (sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 100%). Another criterion, based on the ratio between individual weights and the local ultimate force predicted via FEA, made it possible to correctly diagnose all cases (100% sensitivity and specificity). This result could prove to be of great help in making surgical decision making in the case of long bone with bone metastases. Of course, before that, the road ahead is long, this result having to be clinically confirmed first (possibly through the study of a retrospective cohort, as has already been done in other studies (Eggermont et al., 2018). This study has just been initiated in the case of the project MEKANOS (multicenter study in France) led by Professor Cyrille Confavreux (rheumatologist)
Chenu, Franck. "Rôle des récepteurs 5-HT1B et de la dopamine dans l'activité de type antidépresseur des IRSSs dans le test de la nage forcée chez la souris." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=018f5f37-7688-4cb7-a45d-71466d15ddc9.
Full textSSRIs induce an increase in extracellular serotonin which is responsible of their antidepressant-like (AD-like) properties. Among all 5-HT receptors subtypes activated, 5-HT1B subtype appears to be strongly involved in the mediation of this anti-immobility effect. Indeed, 5-HT1B receptors activation (following local or systemic infusion of anpirtoline) induces an AD-like effect, whereas 5-HT1B receptor blockade antagonises the activity of SSRIs. Anpirtoline being still efficient in 5-HT1B autoreceptors of lesioned mice it suggests that AD-like effects of 5-HT1B receptors agonists are mediated by activation of 5-HT1B heteroreceptors. Since AD-like effect of SSRIs is absent on dopamine lesioned mice, we have suggested that SSRIs activity requires an enhancement of dopamine neurotransmission to occur, and that this enhancement appears further to the activation of 5-HT1B receptor
Klein, Schneegans Anne-Sophie. "Autoimmunité héréditaire chez la souris : Etiopathologie et traitements." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15082.
Full textRiou, Danielle. "Tests de laboratoire utilisés dans le suivi d'une antibiothérapie." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P067.
Full textDubois, Marilyn, and Marilyn Dubois. "Stimulation cérébrale profonde : développement d'un prototype pour étude chez le petit animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30960.
Full textLa stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est une procédure chirurgicale utilisée dans le traitement de divers contextes pathologiques. Ce système, composé d’électrodes implantées dans une région cible du cerveau et d’un neurostimulateur reliés par un fil, permet de délivrer un courant électrique dans une région voulue du cerveau. À ce jour, les mécanismes d’action de la SCP et les effets cellulaires qu’elle engendre demeurent mal connus. Cette problématique découle du fait qu’il existe peu de prototypes de micro-stimulation dans le domaine de la recherche, sans compter que ceux-ci ne répondent pas bien aux critères de cette recherche. Mes travaux de maîtrise visaient donc à développer un système de microstimulation pouvant être utilisé chez la souris et de développer et valider toutes les techniques nécessaires à l’implantation de ce système chez la souris. Au terme de ces travaux, nous avons développé un système de micro-stimulation : 1) utilisable chez la souris 2) pour des protocoles de stimulation chronique de longue durée (jusqu’à 1 mois), 3) possédant des paramètres électriques, semblables à ceux utilisés chez l’humain en clinique, 4) pouvant être ajustés à différents contextes pathologiques. Nous avons aussi développé toutes les techniques nécessaires à son implantation chez la souris. Cet outil novateur permettra d’approfondir notre connaissance des mécanismes d’action et des mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents aux effets de la SCP et pourra mener, à long terme, à l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
DESPARNAT, MARC. "Evaluation du metabolisme anaerobie chez le judoka : comparaisons, tests de laboratoire, tests de terrain." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF11035.
Full textAutret, Laurence. "Rôle de l'activité dépendante du calcium au cours du développement et de la maturation des neurones ganglionnaires vestibulaires de souris." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20126.
Full textPothion, Stéphanie. "Déficits comportementaux liés au stress chronique léger imprévisible chez différentes lignées de souris adultes et âgées." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4021.
Full textEnvironmental factors influence the development of major depression. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model consists to expose mice to differents stressors that mimic stressful events of life. In our study, UCMS induced physical and behavioural alterations in mice : weight loss, sucrose consumption reduction, memory deficit, similar to the symptomatology of human depression. The alterations were different according to the age of animals and according to the strain of mice, suggesting a difference of sensitivity to stress according to the age and the genetic influence in depression. The efficacity of an antidepressant in the restauration of the normal behaviour has also been shown in mice exposed to UCMS. Therefore, the UCMS model allowed the investigation of stress effects on depressive state, cognitive deficits and aging
Laurent, Audrey. "ZFPIP : identification et caractérisation d’un nouveau gène du développement chez les vertébrés, études chez la souris et le xénope." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARI048.
Full textChagraoui, Abdeslam. "Analyse d'effets biochimiques et comportementaux d'agonistes dopaminergiques indirects (Dexamphetamine, GBR 12783, Amineptine) chez la souris." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEA003.
Full textDebat, Vincent. "Approche théorique et morphométrique du contrôle de la variabilité phénotypique : application à des modèles actuels et fossiles." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20218.
Full textAlescio-Lautier, Béatrice. "Arginine 8-Vasopressine : effet sur les processus mnésiques et sites d'action centraux." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX11163.
Full textTanguay, Gilbert. "L'insuffisance circulatoire et certains de ses effets comportementaux chez la souris de laboratoire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5642/1/000583343.pdf.
Full textPoosti, Roya. "Biochimie et pharmacologie du récepteur CCK-A de rat et de souris : importance de la structure primaire du récepteur." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20097.
Full textNic, Dhonnchadha Brid Aine. "Implication des récepteurs 4-HT2 dans trois modèle animaux d'anxiété chez la souris." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT23VS.
Full textThis thesis explored the role of the 5-HT2 receptor subtypes (5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C) in the four plate test (FPT), the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light/dark paradigm (L/D) in mice. Selective acute administration of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor agonists (DOI and BW 723C86, respectively) induced potent and consistent anxiolytic-like effects in the FPT. Antidepressants (ADs) are widely employed to treat anxiety disorders. The anxiolytic-like profile of acute paroxetine administration, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in the FPT involves the 5-HT2A receptor subtypes, whereas both the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors are involved in the effects of venlafaxine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). DOI possessed a potent anxiolytic-like profile in the EPM, while BW 723C86 and RO 60-0175 had weaker effects, that were not reproduced, indicating that this model is subject to greater uncontrollable influences. Both selective agonists and antagonists lacked effects in the L/D paradigm. These results indicates that the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors are involved in the fear induced by the FPT and possibly in that of the EPM, while all three receptor subtypes seem to not participate in the aversive nature of the L/D paradigm. The administration of an anxiolytic dose of DOI in the FPT and EPM reduced serotoninergic activity in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, implicating these structures in the anxiolytic-like effects subsequent to 5-HT2A receptor stimulation
Strassel, Catherine. "Etude du rôle de la GPIbβ dans la thrombopoïèse et les fonctions plaquettaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13197.
Full textThe glycoprotein (GP) Ib-V-IX complex is a specialized multisubunit receptor abundantly expressed at the surface of platelets and whose physiological role is to ensure normal haemostasis. This property is best illustrated by the existence of a severe bleeding tendency in patients with the rare Bernard-Soulier syndrome resulting from a genetic defect of the GPIb-V-IX complex. Increased bleeding is mainly due to the lack of platelet adhesion to VWF mediated by the complex, resulting in defective platelet plug formation at sites of vessel wall injury. These patients additionally have platelets with enlarged size and decreased numbers in the circulation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the role, in vivo and in vitro, of the GPIb-V-IX complex, and more particularly the role of GPIb within this complex, in platelet function and in platelet production. For this study, two genetically modified mouse models were engineered. A Bernard-Soulier-like knock-out strain was generated by inactivating the GPIbβ gene (GPIbβ KO) and a knock-in strain was created by interrupting the sequence coding for the GPIbβ intracellular domain (GPIbβC). The GPIbβKO mice exhibited the Bernard-Soulier phenotype, which is thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and a severely prolonged bleeding time. The further perspectives of this work will be to evaluate the function of GPIbβ in haemostatic function and in artertial thrombosis. Another aspect of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the function of the GPIbβ subunit by transfecting mutated GPIb-IX complex into CHO cells. Three mutations from patients were reproduced and analysed. This study underlined the key role of the GPIbβ in the biosynthesis process and precised the structural domains essential for the complex expression. Overall, these results have provided direct evidence for the involvement of the GPIbβ in platelet function and the transgenic mice will proved useful to directly evaluate the role of this subunit in in vivo thrombosis
Di, Malta Laure. "Clonage et caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur de la cholécystokinine de type 1 de souris." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13520.
Full textLandry-Truchon, Kim. "Étude du rôle tissu-spécifique des gènes Hoxa5 et Yy1 dans le développement du système respiratoire de la souris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26542.
Full textHox genes encode transcription factors governing complex developmental processes including the anteroposterior patterning of the embryo axis, the specification of the axial and appendicular skeletons as well as the formation of the nervous system and several organs. In the respiratory system, the role of Hoxa5 is critical since the loss of Hoxa5 function causes death at birth of a high proportion of mutant pups due to respiratory distress. HOXA5 protein expression in the mesenchyme of the respiratory tract and in the phrenic motor neurons of the central nervous system led us to address the specific contribution of Hoxa5 in each component to lung development. Using a conditional gene targeting approach, we demonstrated that the genetic ablation of Hoxa5 function in the mesenchyme established the importance of Hoxa5 in trachea development, lung epithelial cell differentiation and lung growth. In parallel, the specific deletion of Hoxa5 in motor neurons resulted in abnormal innervation of the diaphragm, altered diaphragm musculature and lung hypoplasia which are responsible for the neonatal lethality observed in null mutants. Thus, this confirms that a defective diaphragm mainly contributes to impair survival at birth. Hoxa5 expression is under the control of many regulatory elements, one of which is responsible for Hoxa5 expression in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional zinc-finger-containing transcription factor that plays crucial roles in numerous biological processes by selectively activating or repressing transcription, depending upon promoter contextual differences and specific protein interactions. We have shown that YY1 regulates Hoxa5 expression in the lung by binding to the lung-specific regulating sequence. However, the mesenchymal loss of Yy1 function causes a lung phenotype similar to the one observed in Hoxa5-/- mutants including neonatal mortality. We then studied how the epithelial-specific inactivation of Yy1 impacts on lung development. The Yy1 epithelial mutation resulted in neonatal death due to respiratory failure. It impaired tracheal cartilage formation, altered cell differentiation, abrogated lung branching and caused airway dilation similar to that seen in human congenital cystic lung diseases, such as the pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). Together, our data demonstrate the crucial requirement for YY1 in lung morphogenesis and identify Yy1 mutant mice as a potential model for studying the genetic basis of PPB.
Popa, Daniela. "Sommeil, sérotonine et dépression : étude de leurs interactions fonctionnelles." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P614.
Full textBesse, Laurianne. "Etude de la fonction du gène Ftm/Rpgrip1l dans la régionalisation et la morphogenèse du télencéphale chez la souris." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066069.
Full textChassagnon, Serge. "Imagerie de perfusion des crises épileptiques temporo-limbiques : zones épileptogènes et non épileptogènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/CHASSAGNON_Serge_2006.pdf.
Full textTo assess the contribution of the ictal SPECT to the definition of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) prior to surgery in focal drug-resistant epilepsies, we investigated the effect of the variability of clinical and technical parameters upon patterns of perfusion, that could account for ictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes beyond the EZ. We studied CBF patterns in a rat model of amygdala-kindled seizures to assess the influence of the timing of injection of the tracer and the extent of seizure spread, with respect to a control group (interictal CBF measurements in kindled rats), during secondary generalized (SGS, n=26 fully-kindled rats) and focal seizures (FS, n=19 partially kindled rats), in 29 regions of interest, with the quantitative [14C]-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic method. During SGS, the correct lateralization and localization of the focus within limbic structures was only possible at early ictal and post-ictal times, in between we observed widespread rCBF increases. The switch from hyper to hypoperfusion was observed at the time of late ictal injection. The accurate localization of the EZ was obtained for the study of the more FS (stage 0). At stage 1 of the kindling, there was already widespread spreading of hyperperfusion. In humans, we studied 26 pairs of ictal and interictal SPECTs from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, classified in 3 groups according to the progression of ictal semiology. Using visual analysis of subtracted SPECTs (SISCOM) and group comparisons with a control group (using SPM), we observed more widespread combined hyper and hypoperfusion with the increasing complexity and duration of seizures at the time of the ictal SPECT. In the first group with motionless seizures, SISCOM analysis allowed correct localization of the focus in 4/8 patients, whereas SPM analysis failed to detect significant changes, due to individual variation, spatial normalization and small magnitude of CBF changes. In seizures with impairement of consciousness and automatisms (group 2) and dystonic posturing (group 3), SISCOM and SPM analysis showed antero-mesial temporal hyperperfusion (overlapping the EZ), extending to the insula, basal ganglia, and thalamus in the third group. Ictal hypoperfusion involved pre-frontal and parietal regions, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, with a greater extent in the 3rd group. In both human and animals studies, we observed a positive correlation between the spatial extent of composite patterns of hyper/hypoperfusion and the severity of seizures, as well as the recruitment of remote sub-cortical structures. We suggest that ictal purposeless human motor automatisms in MTLE results from the hypoactivity of the above mentioned set of hypoperfused areas, whose role in perceptual decision making and motor planning is transiently disrupted under the effect of hyperactive temporo-limbic structures
Ribes, Vanessa. "Importance du contrôle enzymatique des niveaux d'acide rétinoïque au cours du développement murin." Strasbourg 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13041.
Full textThe initial steps of vertebrate development are tightly controlled by the combined action of extrinsic factors, such as retinoic acid (RA) and the proteins Shh and Fgfs. Their integration at the level progenitors leads to the establishment of a spatial identity and to their differentiation. My PhD work dealt with the relevance of the regulated RA levels by two sets of enzymes, the RA-synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 and the cytochrome oxidoreductase Por, whose function is required for the activity of the RA degrading enzymes, the Cyp26s. Using two mouse mutants for these enzymes, we show that appropriate levels of RA are required for the specification of limb bud cells along the antero-posterior and the proximo-distal axis, for the maintenance of several progenitor domains within the forebrain, as well as for the correct patterning of the epiblast, that will give rise to the neuroectoderm and the mesoderm. Morphogenesis of tissues was also severely affected in our mutants, probably as a consequence of cell cycle and/or cell movement defects. Our data also indicate that RA signalling interferes with Shh and Fgf signalling at different levels depending on the cell type examined. These findings support the idea that the competence to a cell to respond to Shh signalling relies on RA activity
Cocquempot, Olivier. "Invalidation du gène Gasp1 et étude de sa fonction chez la souris." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7cd780e3-7411-4300-b87e-0c87aa0632e4/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4002.pdf.
Full textGenetic mechanisms of myogenesis concern many research projects. Among recent progresses, the identification of the role of myostatin has opened a new way to create new therapeutics for several myopathies. Variants of Gdf8, gene coding for myostatin, were discovered. Myostatin amount are controlled by several mechanisms. Thus Gasp1 is able to link with the myostatin or the myostatin propeptide. It has been shown that Gasp1 controls the proteolytic cleavage necessary to obtain the active form of myostatin. During my thesis, I knock-out the Gasp1 gene in the mouse, and to get better inside into the molecular mechanisms controlling myostatin rates in muscles. Moreover, Gasp1 expression has been studied during embryogenesis and myogenesis
Slezak, Michal. "New transgenic mouse models for astrocyte-specific, inducible somatic mutagenesis." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/SLEZAK_Michal_2007.pdf.
Full textAstrocytes, being the most numerous cell population in the central nervous system play a role in synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, homeostatic processes and development. Unfortunately, most of the data concerning astrocytes comes from in vitro studies. Therefore in my project I have generated new transgenic mouse lines enabling inducible gene manipulation specifically in astrocytes. In these lines tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2 recombinase is expressed under the control of astrocyte-specific promoters: ApoE, Aqp4, Cx30 and Glast). Whereas in lines Tg(ApoE-Cre ERT2) and Tg(Aqp4-Cre ERT2) the level of Cre-mediated recombination is low in the brain, the strong Cre activity was detected in Tg(Cx30-Cre-ERT2) and Tg(GLAST-Cre ERT2) lines. Since the recombination was shown to be astrocyte-specific, the latter two lines shall serve for better understanding the role of astrocytes in vivo
Le, Roy Tiphaine. "Implication du microbiote intestinal dans l’insulino-résistance et les pathologies hépatiques associées à l’obésité, étude sur modèle murin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0016.
Full textObesity predisposes people to several severe pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Such pathologies are characterized by insulin resistance and systemic low grade inflammation. Recently, it has been established that such pathologies are associated to a gut microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, recent studies in mice and human indicate that modulation of gut microbiota composition has beneficial effects on people suffering type 2 diabetes and/or NAFLD. Otherwise, it has been showed that germ-free mice remain lean, normo-glycemic and sensitive to insulin when fed a high-fat diet.The aim of this study was i) to decipher to what extent the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NAFLD depends on the presence or absence of gut microbiota, ii) to determine if the predisposition to metabolic disorders in an obesity context can be transferred via gut microbiota transplantation.We first compared the response of germ-free and conventional mice to high fat diet. Indeed, germ-free mice appeared to be resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, germ-freeness only partially protects against diet-induced steatosis, that is to say accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increase of the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. The inverse phenomenon was observed in germ-free mice. In order to study the liver inflammation, we isolated and cultivated liver macrophages from the two groups of mice. As in conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by germ-free mice liver macrophages. However, germ-free mice macrophages remained sensitive to LPS stimulation, which was not observed in the conventional mice group. This results demonstrates that being devoid of gut microbiota deeply alters the immunological and metabolic responses to high-fat diet. Therefore, differences in gut microbiota composition could explain the differences of susceptibility in diet-induced insulin-resistance and NAFLD.Then, we colonised two groups of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of two conventional mice the responses of which to high-fat diet were discrepant. The two donors mice presented different levels of fasting glycemia and HOMA-IR index despite a similar body weight. Both groups of colonised mice developped comparable obesity but different degrees of fasting glycemia and insulin resistance. Levels of steatosis and hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis were as well different in the two groups of colonised mice. Hence the results clearly show that the gut microbiota is the cause of the predisposition to diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a higher proportion of lactic acid bacteria, Atopobium, Bacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in receiver mice resistant to diet-induced insulin resistance and steatosis, which allow us to hypothesize a protective effect of these bacteria in diet-induced metabolic disorders
Faideau, Béatrice. "Tolérance à la proinsuline chez la souris." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P626.
Full textDeciphering the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance in a normal individual is essential to understand how it can be broken and to propose new therapeutic approaches in type 1 diabetes. Proinsulin is a major autoantigen. The aim of our study is to define how CD4+ T cell tolerance to proinsulin-2 is established and maintain in a non diabetes-prone strain of mice. Proinsulin-2 deficient mice are intolerant to proinsulin-2 in contrast to wt mice. We evidenced the unique functional role of proinsulin-2 expression by radioresistant thymic cells in tolerance induction. Coexpression of proinsulin-2 and an intolerant T cell repertoire did not induce diabetes in normal mice. Although proinsulin-2 expressing islets were able to initiate a non destructive T and B cell immune response b islet cells seem mostly ignored by autoreactive T lymphocytes. Induction of central T cell tolerance and peripheral ignorance are two successive barriers involved in immune tolerance to proinsulin-2
Labussière, Hélène. "Absorption de l'acide oléique : étude en culture organotypique d'intestin de souris adulte." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS027.
Full textDevlin, William J. "U.S. reliance on foreign sources in missile special test equipment manufacturing." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA245974.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): McCaffrey, Martin J. Second Reader: Doyle, Richard B. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 29, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Special Test Equipment, Guided Missiles, Foreign Sourcing, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Special Test Equipment, Foreign Sourcing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76). Also available in print.
Gourbal, Benjamin. "Relations interspécifiques dans le modèle souris BALB/c/Taenia crassiceps. Le "comment" avant le "pourquoi" de la manipulation." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20078.
Full textFLEURY, OLIVIER. "Evaluation des tests de laboratoire et des tests de terrain dans le suivi de la joueuse de hand-ball (niveau national ii)." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT129M.
Full textCrozet, Fabien. "Isolement de gènes spécifiquement exprimés dans l'oreille interne de la souris." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T020.
Full textGraber, Céline. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine de l’hétérochromatine HP1γ chez la souris." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6171.
Full textHP1 proteins are one of the main heterochromatin components. The molecular functions of these proteins have been well characterized but physiological roles of HP1γ are still unknown. In order to elucidate the in vivo functions of HP1γ, I have worked on the consequences of the inactivation of Cbx3 gene, coding for HP1γ, in a murine model. Although some observations remain to be fully established, the results of my work suggest that HP1γ exerts important functions in several physiological processes. We have shown the implication of this protein in several mechanisms of immune response : namely, HP1γ is essential for Th cells migration to spleen and for B cells development during final maturation stages. Furthermore, HP1γ plays a role in class switch recombination by promoting IgG1-expressing cells production. HP1γ is also required for spermatogenesis initiation and for mature spermatozoa release in seminiferous tubes lumen, and this protein seems to be involved in sub-nuclear organization of Sertoli cells. My results suggest that HP1γ, but not HP1α, allows the association of HP1β and TIF1β to heterochromatin, and that this recruitment allows to establish and/or maintain a specific sub-nuclear organization with functional implications. All in all, my results bring new evidences that HP1 family proteins have non-redundant functions in murine physiology
Guillon, Hélène. "Etude du point chaud de recombinaison méiotique Psmb9 chez la souris." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20093.
Full textDoucet, Monique. "Activité de très faibles doses d'hormones thymiques sur la réponse immunitaire humorale de la souris : incidence sur le rythme circannuel." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON13512.
Full textGuyot, Romain. "Organogenèse testiculaire chez la souris, implications des protéases et des antiprotéases : conséquences de l'expositions in utéro à des perturbateurs endocriniens." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO11002.
Full textFang, Ming. "Modèles murins pour évaluer l'efficacité d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-tumorale et le rôle des isoformes issues du promoteur interne du gène Trp53." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066342.
Full textThe importance role of p53 in the tumor suppression has been demonstrated by the fact that more than 50% of human cancers haboring mutations in TP53 gene. The regulation of p53 in response to stress is crucial for tumor suppression. A better understanding of the pathways regulating p53 may lead to the development of new therapeutical anti-cancerous strategies. Recent studies have shown that human TP53 gene encodes multiple isoforms, certain of which are produced from a well-conserved internal promoter of the locus. The isoforms derived from this promoter seem to regulate the activity of p53. During my thesis, I’ve created a mouse model deleted of the internal promoter : the p53∆In4 mice. The analyses of this mutant showed that the absence of the isoforms produced from the internal promoter alters the expression of certain p53 target genes and p53-mediated apoptotic response, suggesting an anti-apoptotic role of these isoforms. In addition, I’ve used mice expressing p53∆P : an hypomorphic p53 mutant lacking the prolin-rich domain to evaluate Mdm4 (a major p53 regulator) as a therapeutical target. We found that, in a Rb+/- background promoting pituitary and thyroid tumors, decreased Mdm4 levels extended the survival of mice expressing a wild-type p53, but not that of mice expressing p53∆P. The loss of Mdm4 in the context of Rb+/- p53∆P, showed an anti-tumoral effect on the pituitary adenoma but no effect on thyroid carcinoma. We have identified p53 target genes allowing to explain this observation
Amblard, Daniel. "Etude du phénotype osseux et de la perte osseuse d'immobilisation chez deux souches de souris matures consanguines, les C3H/HeJ et les C57BL/6J." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4007.
Full textBone mass and cell activities of 2 inbred strains of mice known to have a high (C3H/HeJ or C3H) or a low peak bone mass (C57BL/6J or B6) were first characterized. Then, these mice were submitted to immobilization in order to test the hypothesis that unloading bone loss is genetically determined. . . [etc. ]
Parks, Alexandre. "Déterminants de la distribution subcellulaire et tissulaire de médicaments cationiques lysosomotropiques et leur effet antiprolifératif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27210.
Full textLécureuil, Charlotte. "Rôle de la transferrine dans la fonction testiculaire et son contrôle par les gonadotropines." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4029.
Full textTransferrin is a protein secreted principally by the liver to transport iron, but it is also expressed by Sertoli cells of the testis where it could play another role. For that, we have used two approaches of integrated biology. First, we have created transgenic mice that overexpress transferrin. This seems to alter spermatogenesis, because a decrease in the testicular weight and in the spermatozoa produced were observed. Nevertheless mice are fertile. Second, we would to knock-out the transferrin gene specifically in Sertoli cells in using the Cre/lox system. I have created and characterized transgenic mice that express the Cre recombinase only in Sertoli cells. To drive the expression of the Cre gene, we have used the promoter of the anti-Müllerian hormone gene, which is expressed only by Sertoli cells. We intend to breed this Cre mice with loxed transferrin gene mice in some months, to analyse the phenotype of offspring mice
Dupré, Sandrine M. "La régulation du gène hypothalamique TRH par les récepteurs aux hormones thyroi͏̈diennes, in vivo, chez la souris." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0007.
Full textThe thyroid hormone T3, modulates target genes transcription, through nuclear receptors (TRalpha1, TRbeta1 et TRbeta2), that can bind thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) located in regulatory sequences of these genes. Unlike positively regulated genes, no model, explaining T3-dependent transcriptional repression by TR through negative TRE is available. This is the case of the TRH gene, submitted to the negative feedback exerted by T3 in the hypothalamus. The use of wild type mice and knock-out mice (which do not express TRbeta1,2 isoforms (TRbeta-/-) or TRalpha isoforms (TRalphaʿ/ʿ)) combined to in situ hybridization and in vivo gene transfer in newborn mice hypothalami, allow to propose a hypothetical model explaining TRH transcriptional regulation by T3. In this model, TRbeta1,2 isoforms are essential whereas TRalpha1 is not
Malerba, Monica. "Développement postnatal du cervelet : Le rôle des oligodendrocytes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13014.
Full textHu, Bing. "From molar development in the mouse to tooth tissue engineering." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/HU_Bing_2006.pdf.
Full textBuard, Isabelle. "Relevance of glial cells in cellular mechanisms underlying the Niemann-Pick type C disease." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BUARD_Isabelle_2006.pdf.
Full textNiemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease due to mutations in the npc1 gene. NPC patients show progressive hepatosplenomegaly and central nervous system degeneration and abnormal intracellular accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in different tissues. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells are specifically affected showing abnormal dendritic morphology and a high rate of cell death. So far, it is unclear how a defect in NPC1, which is thought to mediate the intracellular transport of cholesterol, causes neurodegeneration. An important question is whether neurons die in a cell-autonomous manner or due to a breakdown of neuron-glia interactions. We have postulated that glia-derived cholesterol is necessary for the synapse formation and maintenance and that a defect in NPC1 causes loss of synapses and subsequently neuronal cell death. To test this hypothesis, we established new glia-free primary cultures of immunoisolated cerebellar neurons from postnatal mice. These cultures together with a mouse model of NPC allowed to determine the relevance of functional NPC1 in neurons and glial cells for synapse development and function. To study synapses, we recorded synaptic activity in granule cells (GCs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) by whole-cell patch-clamp. In the absence of glia, only GCs but not PCs formed synaptic connections. Glial cells promoted development of synapses between GCs and PCs independently from the presence of functional NPC1 in neurons or in glia. In contrast, absence of NPC1 in GCs and/or in glia impaired dramatically synaptogenesis between GCs. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the impairment and ultimately degeneration of PCs in NPC is caused by deficient synapse development or function in GCs
Kadri, Nadir. "Induction de tolérance par les cellules dendritiques : prévention du diabète par le transfert des cellules dendritiques chez la souris Non Obese Diabetic." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2026.
Full textIn recent years, several investigators have shown that transfer of dendritic cells (DC) prevents development of diabetes in NOD mice. Accumulating evidence that DC cultured in the presence of FCS can induce a dominant unspecific response in tumour models prompted us to investigate the effect of the injection of bone marrow derived DC cultured in the presence of FCS on diabetes development in NOD mice. We showed that two injections, one week apart, with mature bone marrow-derived DC protected NOD mice from developing spontaneous diabetes and induced marked anti-Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) immune responses. Anti-FCS antibodies were detected in serum of DC-injected mice after the first injection, which increased dramatically after the second one and remained higher until 10 months of age. Besides, spleen cells of NOD mice (SC) were isolated one week after DC injection and cultured in RPMI supplemented with FCS, in AIMV-BSA or in RPMI containing autologous mouse serum for autologous mixte lymphocyte reactions. Results showed that SC proliferation increased in the presence of bovine serum proteins suggesting that lymphocytes have been primed against bovine proteins in vivo after DC injection. Also, flow cytometry data using CFSE labelling showed that proliferation was observed in both B and T lymphocytes compartments. All together, our data suggest that injection of DC cultured in FCS-containing medium could switch an aggressive Th1 response to a protective Th2 one. Our results also show that DC grown in the presence of FCS can induce specific anti-FCS immune responses urging cautious interpretation of DC based vaccination protocols
GUILLOT, PASCALE-VALERIE. "Conduites d'attaque intermales chez la souris de laboratoire : implication du chromosome y, correlats neurophysiologiques et comportementaux." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066612.
Full textNammathao, Bounsay. "L'habituation de la réaction psychogalvanique chez la souris éveillée : un modèle expérimental en neuropsychopharmacologie." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN4056.
Full textMaï, Wilfried. "Diagnostic phénotypique des souris transgéniques et knock-out par les techniques d'imagerie haute résolution." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10101.
Full textMery, Annabelle. "Rôle de l'homéostasie calcique dans la différenciation cardiaque des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20019.
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