Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sources optiques'
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Mirioni, Laurent. "Sources X Ultra-Lumineuses : Contreparties Optiques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007374.
Full textHage, Charles-Henri. "Sources optiques fibrées pour applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907642.
Full textEl, Mansouri Ibrahim. "Sources impulsionnelles picosecondes tout optique à très haut débit : applications aux télécommunications optiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS064/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the work carried out on the realization of fibered 40-GHz picosecond optical pulse sources in the telecommunications C-band. In the first part, we present a numerical and experimental study of the generation of 40-GHz pulse trains thanks to the nonlinear compression of an initial beat-signal by multiple Four-Wave Mixing process. Enhanced temporal stability is achieved by generating the sinusoidal beating thanks to a Mach-Zehnder modulator driven at its zero-transmission working point. In order to improve the quality of the generated pulses, we also demonstrate the suppression of stimulated Brillouin back-scattering by inserting several optical isolators into the compression line. In the next part, we present the generation of low duty-cycle pulse trains by using a nonlinear compressor line based on 4 segments of fiber. The generated pulse trains have been encoded and then multiplexed to achieve a high bit rate signal (160 Gb/s). In the last part, we present the technology transfer steps of this optical source, such as creating a prototype of the source, prior art search and market research
Azzoune, Abderrahim. "Nanofibres optiques pour la réalisation de sources de photons corrélés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO009.
Full textSources of correlated photon pairs are key components required for quantum telecommunications networks. Implementing these sources directly with optical fibers minimizes the insertion losses. We propose to design such a source from a tapered optical fiber.The tapered fiber has a diameter lower than 500 nm over a length of a few centimeters. The small diameter of the tapered section favors the non-linear effects, while the unstretched sections make it possible to connect this tapered fiber with the fibers of the telecommunication networks with very low losses.In this thesis, we present a design of a new source, fully fibered of correlated photons based on standard telecommunications tapered fibers (SMF28). To produce these pairs of photons we will use the parametric fluorescence due to symmetry breaking at the surface of a silica nanofiber.We have developed an optical microscopy measurement technique to measure all the profile of tapered fibers with nanometer resolution far beyond the diffraction limit.In parallel, we modeled the second-order nonlinear surface susceptibility by taking into account the vector aspect of the propagation of the optical field in a two or three-layered microfiber. In a second step, we define modal phase matchings that are necessary to obtain a strong parametric fluorescence. We size this nanofiber for a good optimization of pairs generation efficiency. The entire process of photon creation will be modeled
Guignard, Céline Martine. "Réalisation de sources impulsionnelles pour les télécommunications optiques." Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260197.
Full textHanna, Marc. "Sources laser femtoseconde à fibre optique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806296.
Full textRicard, Vincent. "Aérosols dans l'Arctique européen : sources, transformations et propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701298.
Full textRaybaut, Myriam. "Sources paramétriques optiques innovantes à base de semiconducteurs isotropes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112238.
Full textTunable mid-infrared (IR) sources are of high interest for many applications, including chemical monitoring, gas analysis, remote sensing, and IR countermeasures. A promising way to obtain such mid-IR emission is to use optical sources based on parametric conversion in nonlinear materials. However, apart from few materials (ZnGeP2, AgGaSe2, CdSe,…), most of usual nonlinear materials exhibit strong multiphonon absorption beyond 5 µm. Therefore, an important issue is to find adequate materials for the 812 µm band. In this context, semiconductors of the technological mainstream, such as GaAs or ZnSe, are excellent candidates for mid-infrared parametric generation. Indeed, they display high non linear susceptibility and they are transparent from the near-infrared up to 20 µm. However, since these materials are isotropic, quasi-phase-matching techniques have to be implemented to get an efficient conversion. Nonetheless, this limitation can be overcome using Fresnel birefringence that takes place at total internal reflection. We present here an experimental and theoretical study of this phase matching technique : difference frequency generation experiments are carried out and new models are developped to take into account all the physical processes involved. We investigate then self-difference frequency mixing in Cr:ZnSe laser using Fresnel phase matching. Taking advantage of both the lasing and nonlinear properties of this material, we demonstrate that 8–12 µm radiation can be produced using a single pump beam at 1. 9 µm. Subsequently, difference frequency mixing between the 1. 9µm pump beam and 2. 3µm laser beam produces a mid-IR radiation in the 9 µm range
Leconte, Baptiste. "Développement de sources laser à fibre dopée Nd3+ pour une émission autour de 900 nm et 450 nm." Caen, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01505597.
Full textMany fields including telecommunications and biomedicine require a laser source emitting in the blue spectral region with a diffraction-limited beam. To obtain such a source, the solution adopted in this thesis work is to develop a high-power Nd-doped fiber laser source operating on the 4F3/2-4I9/2 transition of Neodymium ion at 900 nm. After frequency doubling in a non-linear crystal, it is then possible to have access to wavelengths around 450 nm. However in aluminosilicate fibers, there is a strong competition between the three-level transition 4F3/2-4I9/2 of Nd3+ ion and the four-level scheme of the 4F3/2-4I11/2 transition around 1060 nm, which constitutes the main obstacle to overcome to obtain an efficient laser emission at 900 nm. As a first step, a theoretical study allows us to determine optimal geometrical parameters of double-clad Nd-doped fibers to foster laser emission on the transition of interest. Once fabricated by our industrial partner iXblue, the optimized fibers are used in several laser and amplification architectures leading for instance to wavelength-tunability on a wide spectral bandwidth around 900 nm and to selective amplification of transverse guided modes. In parallel, performances reached in terms of power and beam spatial quality at 900 nm permits an efficient frequency conversion, which led to the development of new blue laser sources operating in continuous-wave and pulsed regimes around 450 nm
Roy, Aude. "Architectures de sources lasers blanches à fibres optiques microstructurées actives." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4aaca4ba-e8fe-4494-9e83-92ff7575d558/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4035.pdf.
Full textCurrently supercontinuum sources, which are compact, low-cost and emitting in the visible, combine microstructured fiber to a pulsed microlaser. In these systems, the spectral power density rarely exceeds ten μW/nm. A solution to this problem is to exploit the optical amplification. A new concept of nonlinear active air/silica microstructured optical fiber with an air cladding was developed optimizing the guidance of a multimode pump in the internal cladding while a core ensuring the creation of a spectral enlargement under 1064 nm nanoseconde pulsed pumping. A prototype of this optical fiber then was manufactured. Amplifiers and lasers architectures have been developed from the optical fiber. The results validate the proposed principle
Lazoul, Mohamed. "Etude de la génération paramétrique optique dans les cristaux photoniques non linéaires : application aux sources multilongueurs d'onde." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_lazoul.pdf.
Full textThe aim behind this work is to propose new solutions based on nonlinear optics to design flexible and highly efficient multiwavelength coherent sources. We are particularly interested on multiple wavelength generation by means of optical parametric conversion in second order nonlinear photonic crystals. For this purpose, we have designed and fabricated second order nonlinear photonic crystals. Firstly, we have considered the case of non collinear quasi-phase matching in 1D-PPLT crystals. We have studied multiple non collinear interactions versus the photonic crystal’s parameters. The generated wavelengths are spatially distributed at symmetrical positions around the non collinear direction. Secondly, we have studied the case of multiple quasi-phase matching in 2D nonlinear photonic crystals. We have demonstrated multiwavelength non collinear generation in 2D-PPLT crystals. In order to design an efficient multiwavelength optical source we have designed and achieved a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on 2D-PPLT crystals
Fortier, Coraline. "Génération de sources optiques fibrées très hautes cadences et caractérisations de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de Chalcogénure." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605129.
Full textFortier, Coraline. "Génération de sources optiques fibrées très hautes cadences et caractérisation de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de Chalcogénure." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692345.
Full textBalme, Coraline. "Génération de sources optiques fibrées très hautes cadences et caractérisation de fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de Chalcogénure." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS022/document.
Full textThis memory of thesis s' registered voter in the context of the FUTUR project financed by l'ANR and concerning the development of optical finctions fot the high bit-rate transmissions in the Network heart and carries on very high rates optical fibers sources generation and the optical chalcogenide microstructured fiber charaterization. For this purpose, we study the linear and non-linear characteristics of microstructured chalcogenide fibers conceived and realized in various collaborations within the framework of the ANR FUTUR project. For that a great number of characterizations methods were developed giving a comparison between a standard single mode fiber and there microstructured chalcogenide fibers. For exemple, an interferometric setup for the chromatic dispersion measurement for short sample, or many experimental setup allowing the nonlinear properties characterizations as of these fibers (Raman scattering, nonlinear Kerr Coefficient). The second part of this memory presents the settling of sinusoidal beat conversion into a high bit rate generation method. It is shown in this manuscript that this technique was exploited with readiest of its limits, by obtaining extremely short pulses and by very high bit-rate. The pulses train at very high rates were characterized by an experimental device SHG-FROG. A demonstration of the multiplication of the bit-rate by two at summer shown by Talbot effect
Hreibi, Ali. "Hybridation de fibres optiques et de nanoparticules semiconductrices : application aux sources lumineuses." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926264.
Full textDrag, Cyril. "Sources optiques cohérentes pour la spectroscopie. Développements de la microscopie de photodétachement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560331.
Full textKechaou, Khalil. "Modélisation et caractérisation de sources optiques pour les réseaux d'accès et métropolitains." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00998832.
Full textSaleh, Khaldoun. "Sources hyperfréquences à très haute pureté spectrale à base de résonateurs optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764917.
Full textArmougom, Julie. "Nouvelles sources optiques pour la détection d’espèces chimiques dans la bande III." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT077/document.
Full textLaser spectrometry by differential absorption is a well-known technique for standoff detection of chemical species in the atmosphere. The longwave infrared region (LWIR), ranging from 8 to 12 µm is particularly interesting because the absorption bands of many chemical species are intense and non-overlapping. In order to detect those species in the LWIR, there is a need for sources that are spectrally narrow, widely tunable, and delivers high energies. The sources based on second order nonlinear optics are the only technology able to meet those requirements. In this work, we will present the experimental results on two parametric architectures that allows emission in the LWIR for lidar measurements. The first one consists in emitting a beam directly in the LWIR by pumping nonlinear crystals with 2 µm pump lasers. The second architecture consists in amplifying the signal and idler beams coming from a 2 µm OPO, before converting them into the LWIR by difference frequency generation. Those sources are based on the association of new technologies and have the potential to offer a viable solution to a lack of sources emitting in the LWIR
Saint-Jalm, Sarah. "Sources optiques fibrées solitoniques pour la spectroscopie et la microscopie non linéaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4353/document.
Full textOne of the issues that has to be overcome to realize a nonlinear endoscope for biomedical applications is the propagation of ultra-short pulses in an optical fiber. Nonlinear processes require high peak powers in the focal volume in order to generate observable signals, so the pulses should be as short as possible. This makes them sensitive to the dispersion and nonlinearities of the fibers. Most of the existing techniques of ultra-short pulses fiber-delivery rely on complex pre-compensation systems to counteract these effects. In this work, we explore the possibilities offered by the generation of high-energy solitons in a custom-built solid-core photonic bandgap fiber, for nonlinear microscopy and spectroscopy. Optical solitons preserve their shape when they propagate in a fiber, and their duration remains close to the minimum value physically allowed by their bandwidth, without the need of any pre-compensation. Moreover, the wavelength and delay of the soliton can be tuned by changing the power at the input of the fiber. Several soliton-based light sources were designed and realized, generating contrast in the most prevalent nonlinear microscopy modalities. TPEF and SHG images of biological samples were first realized by taking advantage of the short duration of the solitons. By controlling the delay of the soliton, transient absorption measurements were then realized in a pump-probe configuration. Finally, the wavelength tunability of the soliton was used to generate the Stokes beam in a CRS setup based on the spectral focusing technique. The capabilities of this scheme were demonstrated by performing CRS microspectroscopy to monitor a chemical equilibrium
Albin, Stéphane. "Simulation de sources lumineuses complexes en tracé de rayons : application à la simulation de dispositifs optiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785196.
Full textMerrer, Pierre-Henri. "Elaboration de sources hyperfréquences à haute pureté spectrale à base de résonnateurs optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450581.
Full textMerrer, Pierre-Henri. "Elaboration de sources hyperfréquences à haute pureté spectrale à base de résonateurs optiques." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/516/.
Full textInvestigations towards a resonator featuring a high quality factor in a reduced volume are a very important and interesting problem in the microwave field. The microwave resonators used for high spectral purity microwave sources are reaching their limits when the goal is to get simultaneously high performance in terms of phase noise, small size and high frequency operation. Therefore, an original approach is to transpose the microwave wavelength in the optical field. This is the case, as an example, of microwave oscillators using as a frequency reference element an optical delay line in place of the conventional microwave resonator. However, these oscillators require a large volume, and are difficult to stabilize versus the temperature fluctuations. The aim of this study is thus to replace the optical fiber by an optical resonator, and to realize an high spectral purity microwave source referenced on this resonator. A characterization bench has been set up with nanometre scale precision 3D displacement stages to hold the coupling of the resonator (SiO2 mini-sphere, or monocrystalline disk). An optical Q factor of 4. 109 has been demonstrated on a quartz minidisk. However, it is difficult to get an efficient and stable resonator coupling, because of the mode shift with temperature when the light is induced in the resonator. Two techniques have been studied to solve these problems and are presented in this manuscript. .
Descloux, Delphine. "Sources paramétriques optiques à base de cristaux apériodiques à agilité spectrale ultra-rapide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS357/document.
Full textSpectroscopy applications related to greenhouse gases or other atmospheric pollutants, involve the development of a large range of specific tools. The aim of the work presented here is to develop new devices to characterize the composition of gas, liquid, or solid media. Most of the species to be detected show particularly strong optical absorption lines in the mid-infrared region (in particular around 3 to 5 µm). To address this specific spectral range, nonlinear optics provide a wide range of solutions. The sources reported here are optical parametric oscillators (OPO) based on aperiodically poled nonlinear crystals. Such crystals offer broad gain bandwidths. The work presented here contains a study of those sources, not reported so far in the literature for picosecond regime. Behaviors that are specific to the use of aperiodic crystals are reported. A useful tool allowing dynamical spectral studies is proposed, and implemented to investigate buildup regime of the picosecond OPO. Those sources are then associated with rapid spectral filters inserted in the cavity. Two different approaches are developed. The first is based on the association of a diffraction grating in Littrow configuration with a deflecting device. The second takes advantage of the synchronous pumping scheme, with an intracavity chirped volume Bragg grating mounted on a translation stage. Fast and wide wavelength tuning is demonstrated with those devices. Gas detection applications are also demonstrated
Abdallah, Zeina. "Microwave sources based on high quality factor resonators : modeling, optimization and metrology." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30267/document.
Full textRF photonics technology offers an attractive alternative to classical electronic approaches in several microwave systems for military, space and civil applications. One specific original architecture dubbed as optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) allows the generation of spectrally pure microwave reference frequencies, when the microwave photonic link is used as a feedback loop. Various studies have been conducted during this thesis on the OEO, especially the one that is based on fiber ring resonators, in order to optimize and improve its phase noise performance and its long-term stability. Precise characterization and modeling of the optical resonator are the first step towards overall system design. The resonator metrology is performed using an original approach, known as RF spectral characterization. The experimental results have demonstrated that this technique is helpful for the identification of the resonator's coupling regime and the accurate determination of the main resonator parameters such as the intrinsic and extrinsic quality factors or the coupling coefficients. A second study was directed toward implementing a reliable nonlinear model of the system. In such a model, the fast photodiode require an accurate description, in order to reduce the conversion of the optical amplitude noise into RF noise. A new nonlinear equivalent circuit model of a fast photodiode has been implemented in a microwave circuit simulator: Agilent ADS. This new model is able to describe the conversion of the laser relative intensity noise (RIN) into microwave phase noise at the photodiode output. An optimal optical power at the photodiode's input has been identified, at which the contribution of the laser RIN in RF phase noise is negligible. When it comes to practical applications, the desired performance of an OEO is threatened by various disturbances that may result in a frequency shift of both the laser frequency and the transmission peak of the resonator, which causes a malfunction of the OEO. Therefore it is desirable to use a stabilization system to control the difference between the laser frequency and the resonator frequency. A series of tests and experiments have been carried out to investigate the possibility, on one hand, to replace the commercial servo controller that was used up until now in the Pound-Drever-Hall loop, with a low noise homemade one and, on the other hand, to use a semiconductor laser to reduce the system size. A detailed review of these approaches is presented
Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, optiques et identification des sources des aérosols en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10177/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consists in studying the chemical nature, the origins as well as the optical properties of aerosols in West Africa. We focused on establishing the links between the chemical composition of fine particles at surface and aerosols optical properties. Our study is based on measurements acquired during the SHADOW field campaign, implemented on the M’Bour (Senegal) site during two intensive observation periods: March to June 2015 (IOP-1) and November 2015 to January 2016 (IOP-2). For this purpose, an instrumentation allowing online chemical characterization of surface PM1 (ACSM, TEOM-FDMS, aethalometer), at high time resolution, was implemented in parallel with instruments measuring aerosols optical properties at surface (aethalometer, nephelometer) and along the atmospheric column by remote sensing (Lidar, photometer). The coupling of meteorological data with statistical tools allowed determining the local and/or regional contribution of the different species, and identifying the source areas responsible for the high concentrations observed on site. The source receptor model (PM) allowed to further investigate the submicronic organic fraction, highlighting a fast photochemistry and the influence of specific anthropogenic activities (waste burning, fish smoking). We were also able to characterize, per season, the type of aerosols contributing to the fine particle extinction measured at surface, as well as to show links/differences between remote sensing and surface chemical/optical properties of fines particles during the two IOP
Dupont, Agnès. "Nouveaux matériaux pour sources ou amplificateurs laser : les céramiques transparentes laser." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12835.
Full textBartolacci, Célia. "Nouvelles sources laser bleues à base de fibres dopées Néodyme." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2068.
Full textLasers emitting in the blue region generate an increasing interest for several applications in the areas of biology, optical detection or medicine. We first present a state of the art of existing blue lasers and some applications for these sources. The aim of this thesis is to develop novel blue laser sources by using doped fibers. In order to design this source, we have chosen to use a Neodymium doped fiber, emitting around 927 nm, in a MOPA configuration. The output IR signal is then frequency doubled in a Lithium Niobate crystal to generate a 463 nm laser emission. Neodymium doped double-clad fibers, specially designed to emit around 930 nm, present a W type refractive index profile that acts as a short pass filter in wavelength in order to cut off the 1060 nm laser transition. Both spectroscopic and propagation properties of these fibers are studied and as well as the losses mechanisms of the Neodymium ion in the silica glasses. Two laser sources emitting at 927 nm are developed with the Neodymium doped fiber (MOPA with one or two amplification stages) and are characterised. Those sources are then frequency doubled to obtain a blue laser emission. Several operating regimes are studied. A blue laser source operating in picosecond regime is tested for confocal microscopy applications. Another blue source emitting at 490 nm is obtained by frequency doubling the signal of an Ytterbium doped fiber MOPA system pumped at 930 nm by a Neodymium doped fiber laser
Rihan, Abdallah. "Sources laser non linéaires accordables dans l'infrarouge et l'ultraviolet pour la métrologie des rayonnements optiques." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705888.
Full textDoutre, Florent. "Sources d'impulsions brèves basées sur des procédés de découpe non linéaires au sein d'une fibre optique ; nouvelles sources déclenchées à cavités couplées." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682880.
Full textEl, Amraoui Mohammed. "Fibres optiques microstructurées chalcogénures fortement non linéaires à base AS2S3 : vers de nouvelles sources supercontinuum infrarouges." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679941.
Full textStrutynski, Clément. "Fibres tellurites pour sources supercontinuum infrarouges : gestion des profils opto-géométriques et des absorptions extrinsèques." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS061/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis work focuses on the synthesis and purification of vitreous materials used for the development of waveguides with varied profiles, dedicated to supercontinuum (SC) generation between 1 and 5 μm.Concerning the purification of tellurite glasses, several leads were followed, but best results are obtained for the purification of the TeO2-ZnO-Na2O glassy system by the means of zinc fluoride. Attenuation measurements performed on several meter-long single-index fiber samples reveal the nearly complete elimination of water-related absorptions between 3 and 4 μm (OH ions concentration lower than 1 ppm mass.). Such water-purified glasses were firstly dedicated to microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) fabrication for SC generation. Spectral broadening between 0.6 and 3.3 μm is obtained in a suspended-core taper. Moreover, a compact source based on supercontinuum generation in tellurite MOFs is developed for a gas detection application in the 2-3 μm domain. However an aging process, due to water contamination and leading to the apparition of additional optical losses between 3 and 4 μm, has been identified in those suspended-core fibers. In order to avoid such transmission degradation, all-solid step-index fibers are developed. The preforms fabrication method, which combines the built-in casting and the rod-in-tube, is adapted to the purification techniques. An all-solid small-core waveguide made from purified TNaGZ and TZNF glasses is fabricated and moreover used for spectral broadening experiments in different dispersion regimes
Godechot, Xavier. "Sources d'ions et optiques d'accélération pour tubes neutroniques scellés à haut flux : conception et test d'un canon à ions prototype." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112422.
Full textLapre, Coraline. "Caractérisation des régimes de stabilité et instabilité des lasers à soliton dissipatif avec dynamiques soliton-similariton et régénération Mamyshev." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCD053.
Full textModelocked ultrafast lasers producing picosecond and sub-picosecond pulses are well known to exhibit a very rich landscape of nonlinear dynamics that are of tremendous interest from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Although such instabilities from ultrafast laser have been studied for many decades, the recent development of advanced photonic measurement techniques has opened up new perspectives into their analysis. In this thesis, we report a detailed experimental study of the complex dynamical regimes of two different optical fibre laser systems operating around 1550 nm: a soliton-similariton laser, and a Mamyshev oscillator. In both cases, we use the time-frequency technique of frequency resolved optical gating for complete intensity and chirp characterisation in stable regimes of operation, and the real-time dispersive Fourier transform method to characterize shot-to-shot spectral fluctuations. For the particular case of the soliton-similariton laser, stable operation yields from 7 to 10 ps pulses of 30~nm spectral width and 0,32 mW average output power at 9,5 MHz. Instabilities seen in the soliton-similariton laser include novel startup, the generation of coupled soliton molecules, the emergence of complex intermittence and chaos, and the appearance of multipulse states. For the case of the Mamyshev oscillator, stable operation yields from 3 to 5 ps pulses of 90 à 100 nm spectral width and ~4 mW average output power at 6,37 MHz. We also present results on the characterization of the Noise-Like Pulse regime of the soliton-similariton laser with the addition of highly nonlinear fiber in the cavity, which generates broadband output spanning 1000 nm. As well as presenting a range of experimental results, numerical simulations are used to gain insight into the operation of the laser systems studied
Melkonian, Jean-Michel. "Mise en forme spectrale et temporelle de sources optiques infrarouges par mélange non-linéaire à trois ondes." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318682.
Full textKoukos, Konstantinos. "Vers les sources optiques compatibles CMOS: corrélation entre élaboration et propriétés des nanocristaux de Si pas LPCVD." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494388.
Full textKoukos, Konstantinos. "Vers les sources optiques compatibles CMOS : corrélation entre élaboration et propriétés des nanocristaux de Si par LPCVD." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/858/.
Full textIntegrated systems comprising on-chip optical functions are of great interest for future generations of embedded, telecommunications sensing and instrumentation applications. The feasibility of a Silicon light source, compatible with CMOS technology remains a major hurdle in the development of systems combining optical and electronic functions on the same chip. The use of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix seems to be a promising solution. The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of visible/near infrared light sources using silicon nanocrystals obtained by LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition). Starting with a study of the material properties, we chose a bottom-up approach to fabricate several test devices. A reproducible, CMOS compatible technological process has been established to obtain the active material with the desired properties. The mechanisms of light emission have been studied by different characterization techniques and correlated with the structural and electrical properties. We have obtained intense emission under optical excitation in the visible/near infrared domain. Electroluminescence, however, requires a specific optimization of the active layer. We have explored several different implementations and have identified the tradeoffs between optical and electrical properties. At the end of this study, we have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of LPCVD as a fabrication method for Si nanocrystals and propose solutions for the implementation of a functional electroluminescent device
Camy, Georges. "Sources laser ultrastables en spectroscopie de saturation : réalisation d'étalons optiques de fréquence et caractérisation de leurs qualités." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132009.
Full textGruppi, Delphine Elisabeth. "Étude de sources laser impulsionnelles haute cadence pour l'infrarouge utilisant la conversion Raman dans les fibres optiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/GRUPPI_Delphine_Elisabeth_2008.pdf.
Full textPicot-Clémente, Jérémy. "Etude de sources supercontinuum à fibres optiques en verre de tellurite pour la spectroscopie d'absorption moyen infrarouge appliquées à la détection de gaz." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS040/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the development of mid-infrared supercontinuum light sources and their application for gas detection through absorption spectroscopy. The study of supercontinuum sources is based on nonlinear ultrashort pulse propagation in tellurite glass (80TeO2-10ZnO-10Na2O) and used in three different forms, namely a thin bulk sample, a microstructured suspended-core fiber, and a tapered suspended-core fiber. These technical means adapt themselves to distinct laser sources commercially available, thus optimizing the implementation of ultrawide-band infrared light sources. Experimental observations are compared to corresponding numerical simulations, thus pointing out the different underlying physical mechanisms of supercontinuum generation. The first study reports the filamentation-induced supercontinuum source in the tellurite glass bulk sample by means of a high-energy femtosecond laser (several micro-Joules) and associated with a complete spectro-angular mapping of light distribution. Then, the main task is related to supercontinuum generation in microstructured suspended-core fibers (with or without tapering) using nano-Joule femtosecond laser sources. A complete analysis of the fiber design was performed, especially to enhance linear and nonlinear wave propagation for efficient frequency conversion processes. As a result, a supercontinuum source covering the 0.6-3.3 µm region (i.e., 400-THz spectral bandwidth) is obtained in a 10-cm tapered fiber segment. Finally, another supercontinuum source covering the 0.9-2.6 µm region, pumped by a very compact fiber laser, was developed, in particular for its application in a gas detector system. The main goal is to explore absorption lines beyond 2 µm, which are known to be more intense and then easier to detect. A complete experimental setup for supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy based on a compact multi-pass cell was successfully developed for methane detection
Duhant, Mathieu. "Etude des sources supercontinuum à fibres transparentes dans le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833949.
Full textKergoustin, David. "Sources optiques infrarouges impulsionnelles ultra-courtes et spectralement ultra-larges générées par effet Raman dans les fibres creuses." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0097.
Full textGas-filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HC-PCF) are efficient tools regarding ultra-wide and coherent optical frequency combs by Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS). Coherence is reached thanks to highly transient regime as it allows amplification, from quantum to macroscopic level, of a unique spatial and temporal mode (TSM). This results in the generation of Stokes waves with a well-determined phase. The present work details on which time scale coherence can subsist, between two consecutive pulses. The possibility of making a new kind of mode-lock is studied. Then the extreme versatility of gas-filled HC-PCF is illustrated by presenting different kind of new laser sources, exploiting different nonlinear phenomena as Raman and optical Kerr effects. Both ultra-broad and infrared sources are proposed. Then, ultra-short optical wave synthesis is performed. The repetition rate of these pulses is equivalent to the frequency shift of first rotational Raman transition in hydrogen, perfectly showing that ultra-wide Raman frequency combs are coherent. This result is a new step regarding an all-optical waveform generator. Such a device would be of major importance in a future photonic computer
Dezert, Romain. "Theoretical study of isotropic Huygens particles for metasurfaces." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0415.
Full textRecent developments in optics at the nanoscale have given rise to a new branch of nano-photonics aimed at manipulating the scattering of nanoparticles, with numerous potential applications in optical communication, nano-antennas, photovoltaics, sensing, etc. The response of nano-scatterers is often characterized in terms of electromagnetic multipoles. Tailoring these multipoles represents an efficient scheme to engineer three-dimensional radiation diagrams. For instance, destructive interferences between multipoles of opposite spatial parity can be exploited to cancel backscattering. This effect, theoretically predicted 30 years ago by Milton Kerker, makes it possible to produce subwavelength particles that scatter light in the forward direction, thus sharing the main features of the fictitious sources used in the Huygens-Fresnel principle. Once assembled in a periodic two-dimensional network, such particles, named ''Huygens sources'', offer unique opportunities for the development of flat and ultrathin optical components called "metasurfaces" that enable the arbitrary control of the phase, amplitude and/or polarization of a beam of light. Over the past few years, Huygens metasurfaces have been widely explored to engineer highly efficient lenses, beam deflectors, vortex beams, holograms or perfect absorbers, that have relied on two-dimensional anisotropic Huygens sources. In contrast to approaches investigated thus far, this thesis focuses on the study of isotropic Huygens sources. We investigate homogeneous, composite and core-shell particles as a solution to reach the Kerker regime. Subsequently, we demonstrate that wave-front shaping is indeed possible by using spherical systems composed of clusters of dielectric inclusions and we present a multipolar formalism that can be used as a guideline to optimize the absorption of Huygens arrays. The structures we study are realistically achievable by bottom-up fabrication and self-assembly, offering an alternative to the classical lithographically fabricated metasurfaces
Dubreuil, Nicolas. "Sources à diode laser auto-organisables - Nonlinearités dans des nanostructures semi-conductrices." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561194.
Full textSIGNORATO, RICCARDO. "Optiques réflectives pour les lignes de lumière ESRF en mode actif/adaptatif." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10302.
Full textLouot, Christophe. "Sources de supercontinuum pour la microspectroscopie Raman cohérente large-bande." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0015/document.
Full textCoherent Raman microspectroscopy (CARS) is an optical method used to identify molecular bonds in a sample in order to analyze and determine its complete composition. It requires the simultaneous excitation of the sample by two waves (the pump wave and the Stokes wave) in order to induce resonant vibration of the bond to be detected. For multiple bonds analysis (broadband coherent Raman microspectroscopy our Multiplex-CARS), the monochromatic Stokes wave must be replaced by a broadband beam (supercontinuum). The aim of this thesis was to design supercontinuum sources optimized for Multiplex-CARS application, in particular in terms of spectral bandwidth and spectral power density. Supercontinuum generation was investigated in three different optical fibers: (i) a microstructured single mode fiber with a large Yb doped core in which the input beam was re-amplified all along its propagation; (ii) a conventional singlemode fiber pumped in the normal dispersion regime in which spectral broadening was achieved by means of Raman gain saturation; (iii) a conventional graded-index multimode fiber in which the beam spectrally broadened by Raman gain saturation at very high power also experienced spatial self-cleaning by Kerr effect, resulting in a high brillance output beam with an,intensity profile close to that of the fundamental mode. A complete spectrotemporal study is achieved for each of these three sources
Amiot, Caroline. "Nouvelles techniques de detection et d'imagerie avec des sources supercontinuum dans l'infra-rouge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD043.
Full textThe ability to detect substances or molecules with high sensitivity and to image objects with high resolution plays an important role in our everyday life as well as in advances in understanding fundamental phenomena. Optical techniques are generally highly beneficial for this purpose as they are intrinsically remote, non-invasive and exhibit superior sensitivity and resolution. In this context, it is thus not surprising that a wide range of sensing and imaging techniques have been developed in the past decades and are continuously the subject intense research. The performance of these methods depends dramatically on the type of light source that is used and it is therefore essential to tailor the light source properties to the intended method of application.A spectral region which has recently attracted a wide interest is the mid-infrared corresponding to the molecular fingerprint region and the atmospheric transparency window. This in turn has triggered renewed research effort into adapting existing technique to this particular region of the electromagnetic spectrum including the light sources and detection schemes. This thesis reports novel, proof-of-concept, broadband optical sensing and imaging techniques in the infrared using supercontinuum light, a class of light sources with unique properties. The techniques are experimentally demonstrated and their performances discussed.Specifically, the thesis demonstrate incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorp- tion spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3000 to 3450 nm. Multi-component gas detection with sub-ppm accuracy is achieved in this range, which constitutes the widest continuous detection range for this technique in the mid-infrared.Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy in the mid-infrared is also demonstrated for the first time in this thesis. The approach is broadband and allows for higher photoacoustic signal intensity and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio as compared to conventional systems that use back-body radiation sources. These results offer novel perspective for photoacoustic detection opening the door to sensitive broadband and compact analysers in the mid-infrared spectral region.Exploiting the shot-to-shot fluctuations of an incoherent supercontinuum and the recent progress in ultrafast real-time spectral measurement techniques, the thesis finally reports on a novel proof-of-concept correlation sensing and imaging method in the form of spectral-domain ghost imaging. The method is fast, scan-free, and offer new opportunities for remote sensing in scattering and absorbing media, or in spectral regions where sensitive detectors are lacking. Application of this technique to broadband spectroscopic measurements gases as well as for interferometric imaging of physical objects is demonstrated. One can legitimately expect that the work presented in this thesis will foster new ideas and developments for optical sensing and imaging
Cadiou, Erwan. "LIDAR DIAL multi espèces à base de sources paramétriques optiques pour la détection des gaz à effet de serre depuis l'espace." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX102/document.
Full textSustained and accurate greenhouse gases measurements at a global scale are required to improve the knowledge on their sources and sinks and thus increase the accuracy of climate change projections. In order to consolidate the global observation networks, spaceborne lidar systems for future earth observation missions are regarded as innovative and complementary components to the present operational measurement methods. In this context, this research work has consisted in developing a differential absorption DIAL lidar based on an optical parametric source able to emit in the 1,9–2,3 µm spectral range. The purpose was to demonstrate its ability to be implemented in long range measurements of the main greenhouse gases (CO2, H2O, CH4). Then, the laser transmitter has been integrated in a lidar architecture which was previously designed using a numerical model. Improvements and optimization of the lidar system focused on two aspects: the monitoring of the spectral purity of the emitter and the control of the detection and acquisition. Concentration measurements on the three gases have been carried out from the laboratory based on atmospheric backscattered signals from clouds and aerosol. These measurements provided a basis for the investigation of the error and bias sources. On the basis of these measurements, instrument scaling for future airborne demonstrations is discussed. Projected performances of a spaceborne instrument are also presented
Maho, Anaëlle. "Sources appliquées aux cavités auto-alimentées pour les nouveaux réseaux d’accès multiplexés en longueur d’onde." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0003/document.
Full textToday, access networks have to face higher data bit rates with strong constraints and competitors. In 2013, self-seeded cavities were limited by some issues that we have tried to solve from a component point of view. Thanks to experimental observations on various RSOA and thanks to simulations, we have shown: - the impact of RSOA threshold on the global performances, - the influence of the spontaneous emission, of the carrier density, of Auger recombination as well as the barrier bandgap, - how high gain RSOA were sensitive to ripple. Delivered to our partners, O band RSOA led to state-of-the-art results whereas aluminum RSOA were disappointing. We looked for short/mid-terms solutions. Compared to RSOA, both of the Fabry-Perot and the RSOA-EAM reduce the chirp and display an enhanced bandwidth. Yet, integrated in the cavity, they were limited at 2.5 Gbit/s with a high BER. Nonetheless each of the EAM and the RSOA could support up to 20 Gbit/s. We believe we could prove such data bitrates by replacing the feeder fiber between the two components by a free space link
Wang, Huan. "Study of an Optical Enhancement Cavity for Thomson Scattering Light Sources." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179872.
Full textHigh-average-power optical enhancement cavities (OEC), have a wide range of applications including Thomson scattering producing high average flux quasi-monochromatic X/gamma-rays, cavity-enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG), gravitational wave interferometers, steady-state microbunching (SSMB) light sources and fusion energy experiments etc. The works of this thesis focus on the theoretical and experimental studies of high-average-power OEC dedicated to Thomson scattering light sources. With the purpose of increasing the average flux of Thomson scattering generated photons, it is demanded for the laser beam inside OEC to have small waist with radius size of few tens of microns, pulse length at the order of picosecond and stable intra-cavity average power of few hundreds of kilowatts. To precisely and effectively describe the highly focused laser field inside OEC to be used in simulations of Thomson scattering, a field expression of nonparaxial corrected highly focused linearly polarized laser field is derived with a generalized Lax series expansion method. To suppress the modal instabilities start to appear apparently on OEC with an intra-cavity average power reaching ~100 kW which affect cavity stability and could lead to lose of lock, the modal instabilities are well described with mode degeneracies induced by mirror surface thermoelastic deformation characterized by Winkler model. We brought up the D-shape mirror method for suppressing modal instabilities and proved its effectiveness with simulation. An hour-time-scale stable intra-cavity average power of 200 kW was realized on the prototype OEC of Thomson scattering light source ThomX with implementation of D-shape mirrors inside. Analysis is carried out for understanding the fast power drop phenomenon appearing on OEC which affects the cavity stability and hinders the intra-cavity power reaching the designed goal. Intra-cavity power drops appeared with magnitude and time scale depending on the power level. Increasing further the incident power led to irreversible damage of the cavity coupling mirror surface. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated with post mortem mirror surface imaging and analysis of the signals transmitted and reflected by the OEC. Scattering loss induced by mirror surface deformation due to a hot-spot contaminant is found to be most likely the dominant physics behind this phenomenon and the cavity behavior could be well reproduced by simulation. This analysis could help to understand the physical process behind this kind of power drop phenomenon appearing on OEC being applied in wide range of applications and to prevent permanent mirror damage. Full design of the prototype OEC of Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source (TTX) is presented and preliminary experiment is carried out on it, realizing the goal of locking a continuous wave injection laser with the cavity with the cavity gain measured to be 133. Design of the high power experimental setup for TTX prototype OEC and the design for TTX OEC to be coupled with the electron storage ring are provided