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Chen, H., and M. A. Garrett. "Searching for Kardashev Type III civilisations from high q-value sources in the LoTSS-DR1 value-added catalogue." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 3761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2207.
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ABSTRACT Kardashev Type III civilisations have by definition energy requirements that are likely to generate strong excess emission in the mid-infrared (MIR) that is associated with the waste heat they generate. For those civilisations that capture starlight via Dyson sphere like constructions, the Optical to MIR flux ratio of the host galaxies is also expected to be unusually low. Since a wide range of galaxy types adhere to the infrared-radio correlation (IRC), galaxies hosting Type III civilisations should also strongly deviate from this relation. Radio data can therefore play a crucial role in breaking the degeneracy between the effects of dust obscuration in a galaxy and the signature of an energy-intensive civilisation. We have used the newly released LoTSS-DR1 value-added catalogue to create a sample of 16 367 z < 0.2 sources with radio and MIR flux densities, optical photometry and (photometric) redshifts. We calculated the IRC parameter $q^{{\rm 22~\mu m}}_{{\rm 150~MHz}}$ = log(S150 MHz/$S_{22~{\rm \mu m}}$) and identified 21 sources with exceptionally high values of $q^{{\rm 22~\mu m}}_{{\rm 150~MHz}}$, an indication of MIR emission enhanced by a factor of ∼10. Out of the 21 high q-value sources, 4 sources have very red MIR colours, and appear to have relatively low optical/MIR ratios. Two of the four sources are not well known in the literature, they are considered as potential hosts of Type III civilisations. These sources deserve further study and investigation. Finally, we note that extending our analysis to the full LoTSS survey area can place very strong constraints on the incidence of Type III civilisations in the Universe.
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Martinez, Cristina A., Jordi Roca, Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez, and Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez. "miRNA-Profiling in Ejaculated and Epididymal Pig Spermatozoa and Their Relation to Fertility after Artificial Insemination." Biology 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020236.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (20–25 nucleotides in length) capable of regulating gene expression by binding -fully or partially- to the 3’-UTR of target messenger RNA (mRNA). To date, several studies have investigated the role of sperm miRNAs in spermatogenesis and their remaining presence toward fertilization and early embryo development. However, little is known about the miRNA cargo in the different sperm sources and their possible implications in boar fertility. Here, we characterized the differential abundance of miRNAs in spermatozoa from the terminal segment of the epididymis and three different fractions of the pig ejaculate (sperm-peak, sperm-rich, and post-sperm rich) comparing breeding boars with higher (HF) and lower (LF) fertility after artificial insemination (AI) using high-output small RNA sequencing. We identified five sperm miRNAs that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported in pigs (mir-10386, mir-10390, mir-6516, mir-9788-1, and mir-9788-2). Additionally, four miRNAs (mir-1285, mir-92a, mir-34c, mir-30), were differentially expressed among spermatozoa sourced from ejaculate fractions and the cauda epididymis, and also different abundance was found between HF and LF groups in mir-182, mir-1285, mir-191, and mir-96. These miRNAs target genes with key roles in fertility, sperm survival, immune tolerance, or cell cycle regulation, among others. Linking the current findings with the expression of specific sperm proteins would help predict fertility in future AI-sires.
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Zhang, Hong-Ping, Bin Zhao, Rong-Ze Ma, Zhen-Rui Li, and Peng-Fei Wang. "Numerical simulation of coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum generation based on carbon chloride core tapered photonic crystal fibers." Laser Physics 33, no. 12 (October 30, 2023): 125401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ad04c4.
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Abstract We numerically studied coherent mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) generated by filling carbon chloride (CCl4, C2Cl4) into the tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The mechanism involves nonlinear soliton compression, Raman soliton self-frequency shift and dispersive wave generated in a carbon chloride core tapered PCF pumped by a 1.98 μm femtosecond laser. Numerical solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation shows that 1.15–5.5 μm (CCl4-core tapered PCF) and 1.15–5.7 μm (C2Cl4-core tapered PCF) coherent MIR-SC sources can be realized. Our results show that the above liquid-core tapered PCFs are promising nonlinear media for constructing broadband coherent MIR-SC light sources.
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Medina Villaamil, V., M. Blanco Calvo, S. M. Díaz Prado, S. Antolín Novoa, L. Calvo Martínez, I. Santamarina Caínzos, M. Haz Conde, L. M. Antón Aparicio, and M. Valladares-Ayerbes. "MicroRNA for circulating tumor cells detection in breast cancer: In silico and in vitro analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22027-e22027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22027.
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e22027 Background: Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) may provide diagnostic and prognostic information in breast cancer (bc) patients. Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is frequent in tumors, including breast cancer. It is suggested miRNAs play a role in tumor progression. We hypothesized that miRNAs may constitute a promising new class of cancer biomarkers for CTC detection. Our objective has been to identify miRNAs potentially useful for CTC detection. Methods: Phase I preclinical study was performed by means of computational tools for miRNAs profiling including MIRGATOR, MIRBASE, SMIRNAdb, GeneHUB-GEPIS, MICRORNA.ORG, and MIRNAMAP. In silico data were used to identify and prioritize miRNAs highly expressed in breast cancer, but absent in hematopoietic-derived sources. Selected miRNAs were evaluated by means of qRT-PCR in breast cancer and Hematopoietic cell lines, normal blood, and blood from breast cancer patients. Results: Computational tools identify a set of miRNAs highly expressed in breast cancer sources in relation to hematopoietic samples. Among these were miR-141, miR-200c, miR-196a, miR-203, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-32, miR-375, miR-31, miR-193a, and miR-205. For instance, relative expression of miR-32 was 104 higher in bc cell lines (N= 5) than in normal PB (N = 19) using qRT-PCR. In a preliminary analysis of PB from bc patients (stage IV) higher relative expression levels for selected miRNAs were found comparing with age-matched controls’ blood. Conclusions: Our results suggest that miRNA bioinformatic approach is a useful high-throughput method to select bc-associated miRNAS. The selected miRNAs should be further evaluated for their potential as markers for CTC detection. We next investigate if blood miRNA profile could predict tumor progression and survival. Supported by grants PI06/1541 and PI07/0477 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Mustafin, R. N. "Relationship of MicroRNAs with Transposable Elements in the Type 1 Diabetes Development." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 13, no. 6 (January 12, 2024): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-6-413-421.
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The review article describes the involvement of epigenetic factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) etiopathogenesis. The disease is characterized by changes in expression of microRNAs that affect the transcription of genes involved in autoimmune reactions, destruction of beta cells and insulin production. However, the cause of the observed epigenetic changes is still unclear. In evolution, the sources of microRNA genes are transposable elements, which occupy up to 45 % of the entire human DNA sequence and are drivers of epigenetic regulation in ontogenesis. They are sources of transcription factor sequences and binding sites for them. Features of the genome distribution of transposable elements can cause changes in the number of 5’VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) — repeats of insulin promoter region and HERV insertions into HLA genes, which affects their expression. Therefore, I assume that the cause of the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus may be an imbalance in transcription activation of transposons, which contributes to changes in the expression of specific microRNAs and protein-coding genes, and also contributes to autoimmune response development. Triggers for this may be individual features of genome distribution of transposons, viral infections and stress. An analysis of the scientific literature confirms my proposed mechanisms for T1DM development, since the global role of retroelements in hormonal regulation, the sensitivity of transposable elements to exogenous viral infections and stress, and HERV-W expression of the majority of patients with T1DM with activation of the autoimmune response have been proven. Analysis of the MDTE DB (miRNAs derived from transposable elements database) database showed the transposon origin of 12 T1DM-associated microRNAs (miR-192, miR-224, miR-31, miR-320c, miR-326, miR-340, miR-342, miR-44661, miR-548c, miR-652, miR-95), the use of which can become the basis for targeted therapy for T1DM.
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Metcalfe, Leo, B. Mcbreen, J. P. Kneib, and B. Altieri. "Gravitational Lensing and Deep Infrared Surveys." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 204 (2001): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900226119.
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ISO's infrared camera was used to make deep mid-infrared (MIR) images through three gravitationally lensing clusters of galaxies. Observations were made at 7 μm and 15 μm covering more than 50 square arcminutes, with the lensing increasing the sensitivity to background sources significantly.A large number of MIR sources were detected behind the lenses and provide source counts, corrected for cluster contamination and lensing distortion effects, which exceed by a factor of 10 the expectation from local counts assuming a no-evolution model. The results are consistent with larger-area surveys and the detected population resolves a substantial fraction (of order 60%) of the background MIR radiation intensity into discrete sources.We discuss the evidence, in large part derived from lensing cluster observations, for overlap of the ISO 15 μm faint galaxy population with the 850 μm submillimetre and the 0.5 to 7 keV X-ray populations. We find that the ISO data shows substantial overlap with both the submillimetre and the X-ray source populations, with roughly 25% of ISO sources being detected at submillimetre wavelengths and a significant number of Chandra X-ray sources being detected in the ISO data.
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Petroušková, Patrícia, Nikola Hudáková, Marcela Maloveská, Filip Humeník, and Dasa Cizkova. "Non-Exosomal and Exosome-Derived miRNAs as Promising Biomarkers in Canine Mammary Cancer." Life 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040524.
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Canine mammary cancer (CMC), similar to human breast cancer (HBC) in many aspects, is the most common neoplasm associated with significant mortality in female dogs. Due to the limited therapy options, biomarkers are highly desirable for early clinical diagnosis or cancer progression monitoring. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) as post-transcriptional gene regulators, they have become attractive biomarkers in oncological research. Except for intracellular miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs, exosome-derived miRNAs (exomiRs) have drawn much attention in recent years as biomarkers for cancer detection. Analysis of exosomes represents a non-invasive, pain-free, time- and money-saving alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of miRNAs that come from non-exosomal sources (canine mammary tumor, mammary tumor cell lines or canine blood serum) and from exosomes as promising biomarkers of CMC based on the current literature. As is discussed, some of the miRNAs postulated as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in CMC were also altered in HBC (such as miR-21, miR-29b, miR-141, miR-429, miR-200c, miR-497, miR-210, miR-96, miR-18a, miR19b, miR-20b, miR-93, miR-101, miR-105a, miR-130a, miR-200c, miR-340, miR-486), which may be considered as potential disease-specific biomarkers in both CMC and HBC.
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Eckart, A., J. Moultaka, T. Viehmann, C. Straubmeier, N. Mouawad, R. Genzel, T. Ott, and R. Sch�del. "New MIR Excess Sources north of the IRS 13 Complex." Astronomische Nachrichten 324, S1 (September 2003): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200385059.
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Lewellis, Stephen W., Danielle Nagelberg, Abhi Subedi, Alison Staton, Michelle LeBlanc, Antonio Giraldez, and Holger Knaut. "Precise SDF1-mediated cell guidance is achieved through ligand clearance and microRNA-mediated decay." Journal of Cell Biology 200, no. 3 (February 4, 2013): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201207099.
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During animal development, SDF1 simultaneously guides various cell types to different targets. As many targets are in close proximity to one another, it is unclear how the system avoids mistargeting. Zebrafish trigeminal sensory neurons express the SDF1 receptor Cxcr4b and encounter multiple SDF1 sources during migration, but ignore all but the correct one. We show that miR-430 and Cxcr7b regulation of SDF1a are required for precise guidance. In the absence of miR-430 or Cxcr7b, neurons responded to ectopic SDF1a sources along their route and did not reach their target. This was due to a failure to clear SDF1a transcript and protein from sites of expression that the migrating neurons had already passed. Our findings suggest an “attractive path” model in which migrating cells closely follow a dynamic SDF1a source that is refined on a transcript and protein level by miR-430 and Cxcr7b, respectively.
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Pikir, Budi Susetio, Andrianto Andrianto, I. Gde Rurus Suryawan, Hanestya Oky Hermawan, Dian Paramita Kartikasari, and Primasitha Maharany Harsoyo. "microRNA-1 Induces Transdifferentiation of Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cells into Cardiomyocytes-like Cells." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 14, no. 3 (September 8, 2022): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v14i3.1888.
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BACKGROUND: Transdifferentiation is a method to provide cells sources for cellular cardiomyoplasty. CD34+ cells are potential cells sources because these cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes through several mechanisms. MicroRNA (miR-1) is known to have the ability to inhibit the expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). HDAC4 is a gene that essentially contributes in cardiomyocytes differentiation. However, the study reporting an evidence that miR-1 can induce transdifferentiation of CD34+ peripheral blood cells into mature cardiomyocytes is limited.METHODS: CD34+ cells were taken from peripheral blood and isolated using a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method in vitro. Mature mimics of miR-1 were transfected into isolated CD34+ cells and then incubated for 48 hours for quantification of HDAC4 mRNA using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). On the fifth day after miR-1 transfection, cardiomyocyte-like cells were identified based on their morphology and cardiac troponin expression using immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: Transfection of miR-1 in CD34+ isolated cells decreased HDAC4 gene expression by -0.54 fold at second day and caused a significant increase in percentage of cardiac troponin positive cells (median: 31.34; p<0.05) at fifth-day post-transfection. The efficiency of transdifferentiation was 32%. The miR-1 transfection had a significant negative relationship with HDAC4 gene expression (B=-1.000; p=0.001). HDAC4 gene expression had a negative and significant relationship with the percentage of cardiac troponin-positive cells (B=-0.701; p=0.001).CONCLUSION: This study suggests that miR-1 can induce transdifferentiation of peripheral blood CD34+ cells into cardiomyocytes-like cells by decreasing HDAC4 gene expression.KEYWORDS: transdifferentiation, microRNA-1, CD34, cardiomyocyte, HDAC4
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Harish, Santosh, Sangeeta Malhotra, James E. Rhoads, Tianxing Jiang, Huan Yang, and Kendrick Knorr. "Evidence for Black Holes in Green Peas from WISE Colors and Variability." Astrophysical Journal 945, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb99c.
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Abstract We explore the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs)/black holes in Green Pea galaxies (GPs), motivated by the presence of high-ionization emission lines such as He ii and [Ne iii] in their optical spectra. In order to identify AGN candidates, we used mid-infrared (MIR) photometric observations from the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission for a sample of 1004 GPs. Considering only >5σ detections with no contamination from neighboring sources in AllWISE, we select 31 GPs out of 134 as candidate AGNs based on a stringent three-band WISE color diagnostic. Using multi-epoch photometry in W1 and W2 bands based on time-resolved unWISE coadd images, we find two sources exhibiting variability in both the WISE bands among 112 GPs with W1 ≤16 mag and no contamination from neighboring sources in unWISE. These two variable sources were selected as AGNs by the WISE three-band color diagnostic as well. Compared to variable AGN fractions observed among low-mass galaxy samples in previous studies, we find a higher fraction (∼1.8%) of MIR variable sources among GPs, which demonstrates the uniqueness and importance of studying these extreme objects. Through this work, we demonstrate that MIR diagnostics are promising tools to select AGNs that may be missed by other selection techniques (including optical emission-line ratios and X-ray emission) in star formation-dominated, low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies.
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Roubelakis, Maria, Dimitra Zagoura, Ourania Trohatou, Pantelis Zotos, Vassiliki Bitsika, Sophia Kossida, Kalliopi I. Pappa, Aristidis Antsaklis, and Nicholas P. Anagnou. "Identification and Functional Analysis of Novel miRNA Target Genes That Control Mesenchymal Stem Cell Function." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2424.2424.
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Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) constitute a population of multipotent stem cells, easily expanded in culture and able to differentiate into many lineages. These features render MSCs a very attractive tool for developing new strategies for clinical applications based on cell therapy. So far, the most common sources of MSCs have been the bone marrow (BM) and the umbilical cord blood (UCB). Our group has recently isolated MSCs from a novel source, such as the amniotic fluid (AF) and characterized them based on their phenotype, pluripotency, proliferation rate, differentiation potential and the generated for the first time proteomic profile (Stem Cells Dev.16:931, 2007). To further decipher the molecular mechanisms as they relate to the MSCs from the other two sources, in the present study we investigated the comparative post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms of MSCs from the three sources at the miRNA level. miRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules 20–23 nt long, regulating gene expression by interacting with target mRNAs at specific sites of their 3′ UTR to induce either a cleavage of the message or inhibit its translation. More specifically, the objectives of the study were the detection of miRNA populations in AF, BM and UCB-MSCs, the validation of their expression levels using Real Time PCR, the generation of a new algorithm for the in silico detection of miRNA target-genes and the validation of miRNA binding on specific targets predicted by the algorithm application. Initially we identified 67 different species of miRNAs expressed in all three types of MSCs but at different levels in each source, using miRNA arrays (miRCURY™ LNA αrray v.8.1). We then further established and compared the miRNA profiles among the three sources. The data revealed a characteristic pattern of a set of key miRNAs, unique for each type of MSCs. The results were further validated for the characteristic expression levels of specific miRNAs in AF-MSCs, such as miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, miR-572, miR-210 and let-7d, employing Real Time PCR. For predicting mRNA targets of specific miRNAs, we developed a novel stand-alone application, designated GOmir, consisting of two separate tools: JTarget and TAGGO. JTarget integrates miRNA target prediction and functional analysis, by combining the predicted target genes from TargetScan, miRanda, RNAhybrid and PicTar computational tools and by providing a full gene description and functional analysis for each target gene. On the other hand, TAGGO application is designed to automatically group gene ontology annotations, taking advantage of the Gene Ontology (GO), in order to extract the main attributes of sets of proteins. GOmir (by using up to four different databases) introduces, for the first time, miRNA predicted targets accompanied by full gene description, functional analysis and detailed gene ontology clustering. From the systematic miRNA array analysis, we detected higher expression levels of miR-21 and miR-100 in AF-MSCs compared to BM and UCB-MSCs. According to GOmir prediction, miR-21 and miR-100, are considered responsible for the regulation of key stem cell genes such as SOX-2 and FZD8, respectively, thus implying an important role on the self renewal of stem cells. To evaluate the predictive capacity of GOmir and the role of miR-21 in AF-MSCs in more detail, we performed functional studies using miR-21 antagonists and cloning strategies targeting for specific SOX-2 3′ UTR mRNA binding sites. These studies resulted in upregulation of the SOX-2 expression, providing the proof of principle for the validity of this combined approach. Thus, our data derived from this new strategy, are expected to clarify systematically the post-transcriptional regulation of MSCs from these different sources.
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Masoura, V. A., I. Georgantopoulos, G. Mountrichas, C. Vignali, E. Koulouridis, L. Chiappetti, S. Fotopoulou, S. Paltani, and M. Pierre. "The XXL Survey." Astronomy & Astrophysics 638 (June 2020): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937161.
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The combination of optical and mid-infrared (MIR) photometry has been extensively used to select red active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our aim is to explore the obscuration properties of these red AGNs with both X-ray spectroscopy and spectral energy distributions (SEDs). In this study, we re-visit the relation between optical/MIR extinction and X-ray absorption. We use IR selection criteria, specifically the W1 and W2 WISE bands, to identify 4798 AGNs in the XMM-XXL area (∼25 deg2). Application of optical/MIR colours (r−W2 > 6) reveals 561 red AGNs (14%). Of these, 47 have available X-ray spectra with at least 50 net (background-subtracted) counts per detector. For these sources, we construct SEDs from the optical to the MIR using the CIGALE code. The SED fitting shows that 44 of these latter 47 sources present clear signs of obscuration based on the AGN emission and the estimated inclination angle. Fitting the SED also reveals ten systems (∼20%) which are dominated by the galaxy. In these cases, the red colours are attributed to the host galaxy rather than AGN absorption. Excluding these ten systems from our sample and applying X-ray spectral fitting analysis shows that up to 76% (28/37) of the IR red AGNs present signs of X-ray absorption. Thus, there are nine sources (∼20% of the sample) that although optically red, are not substantially X-ray absorbed. Approximately 50% of these sources present broad emission lines in their optical spectra. We suggest that the reason for this apparent discrepancy is that the r−W2 criterion is sensitive to smaller amounts of obscuration relative to the X-ray spectroscopy. In conclusion, it appears that the majority of red AGNs present considerable obscuration levels as shown by their SEDs. Their X-ray absorption is moderate with a mean of NH ∼ 1022 cm−2.
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Melnik, Bodo C., Swen Malte John, Pedro Carrera-Bastos, and Gerd Schmitz. "MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors." Cancers 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082111.
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DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Yong-hao, You, Wang Xian-guo, Xu Ming, and Zhao Jin-ping. "Expression and clinical significance of miR-139-5p in non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518815379.
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Objective MiR-139-5p is a common tumor-associated microRNA (miRNA), which inhibits the occurrence and development of malignant tumors from various tissue sources. We detected miR-139-5p expression levels in tissues from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to explore the relationship between miR-139-5p expression and clinicopathological parameters. Methods MiR-139-5p expression levels were detected in cancerous and normal tissues from 60 NSCLC patients by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, using normal paracancerous tissue as a control. The relationships between miR-139-5p and clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC, including survival, were analyzed by t-tests and univariate analysis. Results MiR-139-5p expression levels were significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared with normal adjacent tissue. MiR-139-5p expression was not significantly associated with age, sex, or smoking history, but was related to clinical stage, pathological type, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, low expression of miR-139-5p, clinical stage (II/III), adenocarcinoma, tumor ≥3 cm, and lymph node metastasis were all related to overall survival. Conclusion MiR-139-5p expression levels are down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and low expression is associated with clinical stage, pathological type, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients. MiR-139-5p may act as a tumor suppressor gene in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
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Ronsini, Carlo, Pietro Fumiento, Irene Iavarone, Pier Francesco Greco, Luigi Cobellis, and Pasquale De Franciscis. "Liquid Biopsy in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076116.
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Despite laparoscopy being a standardized option to diagnose pelvic endometriotic implants, non-invasive biomarkers are necessary to avoid the discomfort of invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as feasible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of endometriosis. Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct in January 2023. We provided no restriction on the country and year of publication, and considered English published articles. We selected studies including patients with endometriosis and describing miRNA regulation in the context of endometriosis. Overall, 45 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 2045 patients with endometriosis and 1587 controls were screened. Patients were analyzed concerning miRNAs expression and sources, stage of disease, and symptoms, and compared to controls. Among DEMs, the ones with the widest delta between endometriosis patients and controls—Relative Expression ≥ 4 Log2(ratio)—were miR-145, miR-191, miR-195, miR-21-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-451a, miR-200c, miR-20a-5p, and miR-15a-5p. Although the epigenetic regulation is partially unclear, miRNAs are valid biomarkers to diagnose endometriotic lesions in symptomatic and non-symptomatic women. MiRNAs modulation should be clarified, especially during therapies or relapse, to plan targeted management protocols.
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Gaumnitz, Thomas, Arohi Jain, Martin Huppert, Inga Jordan, Fernando Ardana-Lamas, and Hans Jakob Wörner. "Complete characterisation of attosecond SXR pulses generated by MIR laser sources." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920501021.
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Attosecond streaking with broadband SXR continua leads to contributions from multiple overlapping lines in the photoelectron spectrum. The Volkov-transform generalized projection algorithm (VTGPA) is generalised to include all contributing photoelectron bands (multi-line VTGPA) for the reconstruction of ultra-broadband SXR continua. We further investigate the influence of the collection angle of photoelectron detectors on attosecond streaking spectrograms and show full reconstruction for angle-integrated streaking traces. Also, the effects of the photoionization dipole matrix elements on the reconstruction are demonstrated.
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Seddon, Angela B., Bruce Napier, Ian Lindsay, Samir Lamrini, Peter M. Moselund, Nicholas Stone, Ole Bang, and Mark Farries. "Prospective on using fibre mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources for in vivo spectral discrimination of disease." Analyst 143, no. 24 (2018): 5874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an01396a.
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Zhang, Tao, Chunfang Lv, Liling Li, Sihan Chen, Shenglin Liu, Changyi Wang, and Bing Su. "Plasma miR-126 Is a Potential Biomarker for Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Susceptible Individuals." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/761617.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in China. Diagnostic markers are urgently needed to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM and encourage them to adapt to a healthier life style. Circulating miRNAs present important sources of noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. Recently, a novel plasma microRNA signature was identified in T2DM. Here, we evaluated the T2DM-related miRNA signature in plasma of three study groups: normal (fasting glucose (FG), 4.8–5.2 mmol/L), T2DM-susceptible (FG, 6.1–6.9 mmol/L), and T2DM individuals (FG, ≥7.0 mmol/L) and tested the feasibility of using circulating miRNAs to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM. Among the 5 miRNAs included in the signature, miR-29b and miR-28-3p are not detectable. miR-15a and miR-223 have comparable expression levels among three groups. Notably, miR-126 is the only miRNA that showed significantly reduced expression in susceptible individuals and T2DM patients compared to normal individuals, suggesting that miR-126 in circulation may serve as a potential biomarker for early identification of susceptible individuals to T2DM.
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Wu, Tianqi, Hongming Song, Dan Xie, Kaiyao Hua, Jiashu Hu, Yijun Deng, Changle Ji, and Lin Fang. "Mir-30b-5p Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells via Targeting ASPP2." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7907269.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, which has few effective targeted therapies. Various sources of evidence confirm that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the progression and metastasis of human breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in miRNAs expression and the regulation of miRNAs functions have not been well clarified. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-30b-5p was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines, compared to paracancer tissues and normal breast cell lines. Moreover, induced overexpression of miR-30b-5p promoted the MDA-MB-231 and HCC 1937 cell growth, migration, and invasion and reduced the cellular apoptosis. Further studies confirmed that miR-30b-5p could directly target ASPP2 and then activate the AKT signaling pathway. Our results suggested that miR-30b-5p could act as a tumor promoter in TNBC. The newly identified miR-30b-5p/ASPP2/AKT axis represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating TNBC.
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Sojka, Lukasz, Zhuoqi Tang, Dinuka Jayasuriya, Meili Shen, Joel Nunes, David Furniss, Mark Farries, Trevor M. Benson, Angela B. Seddon, and Slawomir Sujecki. "Milliwatt-Level Spontaneous Emission Across the 3.5–8 µm Spectral Region from Pr3+ Doped Selenide Chalcogenide Fiber Pumped with a Laser Diode." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020539.
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A spontaneous emission fiber source operating in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range from 3.5 to 8 µm is demonstrated for the first time at output power levels of at least 1 mW. The source is a Pr3+-doped selenide chalcogenide, multimode, glass fiber pumped with commercially available laser diodes operating at 1.470 µm, 1.511 µm and 1.690 µm. This MIR spontaneous emission fiber source offers a viable alternative to broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum fiber sources, which are comparatively complex and costly. The MIR emission wavelength range is significant for molecular sensing applications across biology and chemistry, and in medicine, agriculture, defense, and environmental monitoring.
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Ishida, Tomoaki, Tomoe Ueyama, Dai Ihara, Yukihiro Harada, Sae Nakagawa, Kaho Saito, Shu Nakao, and Teruhisa Kawamura. "c-Myc/microRNA-17-92 Axis Phase-Dependently Regulates PTEN and p21 Expression via ceRNA during Reprogramming to Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells." Biomedicines 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061737.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising cell sources for regenerative medicine and disease modeling. iPSCs are commonly established by introducing the defined reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. However, iPSC reprogramming efficiency remains low. Although recent studies have identified microRNAs that contribute to efficient reprogramming, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. miR-17-92 is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells and may play an important role in regulating stem cell properties. Therefore, we examined the role of miR-17-92 in the induction of mouse iPSC production. c-Myc-mediated miR-17-92 upregulation increased reprogramming efficiency, whereas CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion of the miR-17-92 cluster decreased reprogramming efficiency. A combination of in silico and microarray analyses revealed that Pten and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (known as p21) are common target genes of miR-17 and miR-20a, which are transcribed from the miR-17-92 cluster. Moreover, miR-17-92 downregulated p21 in the early phase and PTEN in the mid-to-late phase of reprogramming. These downregulations were perturbed by introducing the 3′ UTR of PTEN and p21, respectively, suggesting that PTEN and p21 mRNAs are competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) against miR-17-92. Collectively, we propose that the c-Myc-mediated expression of miR-17-92 is involved in iPSC reprogramming through the phase-dependent inhibition of PTEN and p21 in a ceRNA manner, thus elucidating an underlying mechanism of iPSC reprogramming.
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Jiang, Rulan, and Bo Lönnerdal. "Milk-Derived miR-22–3p Promotes Proliferation of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells (HIECs) by Regulating Gene Expression." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.035.
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Abstract Objectives MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Milk exosomes are microvesicles containing miRNAs, and miR-22–3p (miR-22) abundantly appears in human milk exosomes. Both human milk exosomes and miR-22 survive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The aim of the current study was to evaluate effects of milk derived miR-22 on intestinal epithelial cells in early life. Methods To evaluate effects of miR-22 on intestinal epithelial cells and mimic uptake of miR-22 in exosomes by intestinal epithelial cells, miR-22 was transfected to human intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs) using Lipofectamine, and then total RNA was isolated after 24 h for microarray assay. After microarray results were verified by qRT-PCR, microarray they were analyzed using the Bioconductor package limma and compared with miR-22 predicted target genes to identify a direct target gene for miR-22 in HIECs. Results Totally, 608 genes were markedly regulated by miR-22. Based on Gene Ontology terms, the roles of miR-22 in HIECs include promotion of proliferation and regulation of immune functions. A proliferation assay (BrdU) was subsequently conducted to confirm the effect of miR-22 on promotion of proliferation of HIECs. Based on analysis of the microarray results and miR-22 predicted target genes, C/EBPδ, a transcription factor, may be a direct target for miR-22. In miR-22 transfected HIECs, transcription and translation of the C/EBPδ gene was significantly inhibited, and cell proliferation was increased when the C/EBPδ gene was silenced by siRNA. A luciferase assay showed that miR-22 specifically bound to the 3'-untranslated region of the C/EBPδ gene. Conclusions Milk-derived miR-22 promotes intestinal proliferation by modifying gene expression, and C/EBPδ may be an important direct target for miR-22 in human intestinal epithelial cells. Funding Sources Intramural funds.
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Ruiz, A., A. Corral, G. Mountrichas, and I. Georgantopoulos. "XMMPZCAT: A catalogue of photometric redshifts for X-ray sources." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833117.
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Aims. The third version of the XMM-Newton serendipitous catalogue (3XMM), containing almost half million sources, is now the largest X-ray catalogue. However, its full scientific potential remains untapped due to the lack of distance information (i.e. redshifts) for the majority of its sources. Here we present XMMPZCAT, a catalogue of photometric redshifts (photo-z) for 3XMM sources. Methods. We searched for optical counterparts of 3XMM-DR6 sources outside the Galactic plane in the SDSS and Pan-STARRS surveys, with the addition of near-(NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) data whenever possible (2MASS, UKIDSS, VISTA-VHS, and AllWISE). We used this photometry data set in combination with a training sample of 5157 X-ray selected sources and the MLZ-TPZ package, a supervised machine learning algorithm based on decision trees and random forests for the calculation of photo-z. Results. We have estimated photo-z for 100 178 X-ray sources, about 50% of the total number of 3XMM sources (205 380) in the XMM-Newton fields selected to build this catalogue (4208 out of 9159). The accuracy of our results highly depends on the available photometric data, with a rate of outliers ranging from 4% for sources with data in the optical + NIR + MIR, up to ~40% for sources with only optical data. We also addressed the reliability level of our results by studying the shape of the photo-z probability density distributions.
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Corbelli, Edvige, Jonathan Braine, and Carlo Giovanardi. "Rise and fall of molecular clouds across the M 33 disk." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834437.
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We carried out deep searches for CO line emission in the outer disk of M 33, at R > 7 kpc, and examined the dynamical conditions that can explain variations in the mass distribution of the molecular cloud throughout the disk of M 33. We used the IRAM-30 m telescope to search for CO lines in the outer disk toward 12 faint mid-infrared (MIR) selected sources and in an area of the southern outer disk hosting MA1, a bright HII region. We detect narrow CO lines at the location of two MIR sources at galactocentric distances of about 8 kpc that are associated with low-mass young stellar clusters, and at four locations in the proximity of MA1. The paucity of CO lines at the location of weak MIR-selected sources probably arises because most of them are not star-forming sites in M 33, but background sources. Although very uncertain, the total molecular mass of the detected clouds around MA1 is lower than expected given the stellar mass of the cluster, because dispersal of the molecular gas is taking place as the HII region expands. The mean mass of the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in M 33 decreases radially by a factor 2 from the center out to 4 kpc, then it stays constant until it drops at R > 7 kpc. We suggest that GMCs become more massive toward the center because of the fast rotation of the disk, which drives mass growth by coalescence of smaller condensations as they cross the arms. The analysis of both HI and CO spectral data gives the consistent result that corotation of the two main arms in this galaxy is at a radius of 4.7 ± 0.3 kpc, and spiral shock waves become subsonic beyond 3.9 kpc. Perturbations are quenched beyond 6.5 kpc, where CO lines have been detected only around sporadic condensations associated with UV and MIR emission.
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Sadri, Mahrou, Jiang Shu, Stephen D. Kachman, Juan Cui, and Janos Zempleni. "Milk exosomes and miRNA cross the placenta and promote embryo survival in mice." Reproduction 160, no. 4 (October 2020): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0521.
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Exosomes facilitate cell-to-cell communication by transferring regulatory molecules such as miRNA from donor to recipient cells, for example, miR-21-5p and miR-30d promote placentation. Exosomes and their miRNA cargos are not exclusively obtained from endogenous synthesis but may also be absorbed from dietary sources, such as milk. This study assessed the effects of milk exosomes and miRNA cargos on embryo development and fertility in C57BL/6 mice. Fluorophore-labeled milk exosomes, miR-21-5p and miR-30d accumulated in murine placenta and embryos following oral gavage. Seventeen mRNAs, miR-21-5p and miR-30d were differentially expressed in placentas of pregnant mice fed a milk exosome and RNA-depleted (ERD) diet or a milk exosome and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diet. Eight of these mRNAs encode proteins implicated in the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, cell adhesion and migration. Changes in mRNA expression were associated with corresponding changes in protein expression, for example, collagen type I. The size of litters born to dams fed ERD was 25–50% smaller than those born to ERS controls. This study implicates dietary exosomes and miRNA in placenta development and embryo survival.
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Yazdani, Amir, Nikunj Dudani, Satoshi Takahama, Amelie Bertrand, André S. H. Prévôt, Imad El Haddad, and Ann M. Dillner. "Characterization of primary and aged wood burning and coal combustion organic aerosols in an environmental chamber and its implications for atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 13 (July 8, 2021): 10273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10273-2021.
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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) affects visibility, climate, and public health. Organic matter (OM), a uniquely complex portion of PM, can make up more than half of total atmospheric fine PM mass. We investigated the effect of aging on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration and composition for wood burning (WB) and coal combustion (CC) emissions, two major atmospheric OM sources, using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). For this purpose, primary emissions were injected into an environmental chamber and aged using hydroxyl (diurnal aging) and nitrate (nocturnal aging) radicals to reach an atmospherically relevant oxidative age. A time-of-flight AMS instrument was used to measure the high-time-resolution composition of non-refractory fine PM, while fine PM was collected on PTFE filters before and after aging for MIR analysis. AMS and MIR spectroscopy indicate an approximately 3-fold enhancement of organic aerosol (OA) concentration after aging (not wall-loss corrected). The OM:OC ratios also agree closely between the two methods and increase, on average, from 1.6 before aging to 2 during the course of aging. MIR spectroscopy, which is able to differentiate among oxygenated groups, shows a distinct functional group composition for aged WB (high abundance of carboxylic acids) and CC OA (high abundance of non-acid carbonyls) and detects aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in emissions of both sources. The MIR spectra of fresh WB and CC aerosols are reminiscent of their parent compounds with differences in specific oxygenated functional groups after aging, consistent with expected oxidation pathways for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of each emission source. The AMS mass spectra also show variations due to source and aging that are consistent with the MIR functional group (FG) analysis. Finally, a comparison of the MIR spectra of aged chamber WB OA with that of ambient samples affected by residential wood burning and wildfires reveals similarities regarding the high abundance of organics, especially acids, and the visible signatures of lignin and levoglucosan. This finding is beneficial for the source identification of atmospheric aerosols and interpretation of their complex MIR spectra.
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Pohl, Tobias, Peter Meindl, Uwe Johannsen, Dieter Taubert, and Lutz Werner. "Measurement of the absolute spectral responsivity in the mid-infrared based on the cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer and an optimized thermopile detector." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-195-2019.
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Abstract. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) expanded its capabilities of the absolute measurement of radiant power to the spectral range of the mid-infrared (MIR) by implementing additional MIR laser radiation sources at one of the PTB's cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer facilities. This extension enables absolute calibrations of the spectral responsivity of detectors in the MIR traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The thermopile detector TS-76 was characterized and calibrated in view of its spectral responsivity s(λ) in the wavelength range between 1.5 and 10.6 µm at the expanded cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer facility. The relative standard measurement uncertainty was significantly reduced to 1.4 % by developing an optimized and thermally stabilized detector housing design. The TS-76 was established as a mid-infrared transfer detector for the SI traceable measurement of radiant power and the dissemination of the spectral responsivity s(λ) in the MIR.
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Shen, Fengjiao, Xueyou Hu, Jun Lu, Zhengyue Xue, Jun Li, Tu Tan, Zhensong Cao, Xiaoming Gao, and Weidong Chen. "Performance Characterization of a Fully Transportable Mid-Infrared Laser Heterodyne Radiometer (LHR)." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020978.
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A fully transportable laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR), involving a flexible polycrystalline mid-infrared (PIR) fiber-coupling system and operating around 8 µm, was characterized and optimized with the help of a calibrated high temperature blackbody source to simulate solar radiation. Compared to a mid-IR free-space sunlight coupling system, usually used in a current LHR, such a fiber-coupling system configuration makes the mid-infrared (MIR) LHR fully transportable. The noise sources, heterodyne signal, and SNR of the MIR LHR were analyzed, and the optimum operating local oscillator (LO) photocurrent was experimentally obtained. The spectroscopic performance of the MIR LHR was finally evaluated. This work demonstrated that the developed fully transportable MIR LHR could be used for ground-based atmospheric sounding measurements of multiple trace gases in the atmospheric column. In addition, it also has high potential for applications on spacecraft or on an airborne platform.
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Abrahamyan, Hayk V., and Areg M. Mickaelian. "Investigation of Extragalactic Radio Sources by Cross-Matching of Radio Catalogs." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S304 (October 2013): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314003457.
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AbstractTo search for variable radio sources, we used two well-known radio catalogs NVSS and FIRST, both providing fluxes at 1400 MHz. Cross-correlation enabled us to find 556,282 radio sources present in both catalogs. Using the 3σ criteria we distinguished 6,301 variable radio sources, and with certain limitations specified the 260 strongest radio variables. We cross-correlated these 260 sources with other catalogs at different wavelengths (APM, SDSS DR10, VCV-13, BZCAT, 2MASS, and WISE). As a result we obtained photometric data for optical, NIR, MIR and radio ranges for these 260 variable radio sources to study them in details.
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Manenti, Isabella, Irene Viola, Ugo Ala, Paolo Cornale, Elisabetta Macchi, Paola Toschi, Eugenio Martignani, Mario Baratta, and Silvia Miretti. "Adaptation Response in Sheep: Ewes in Different Cortisol Clusters Reveal Changes in the Expression of Salivary miRNAs." Animals 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203273.
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Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that induces a wide array of physiological responses. This adaptive system guarantees that the animal copes with environmental variations and it induces metabolic and molecular changes that can be quantified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of homeostasis and emerging evidence has identified circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stress-related disorders in animals. Based on a clustering analysis of salivary cortisol trends and levels, 20 ewes were classified into two different clusters. The introduction of a ram in the flock was identified as a common farm practice and reference time point to collect saliva samples. Sixteen miRNAs related to the adaptation response were selected. Among them, miR-16b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-99a, and miR-223 were amplified in saliva samples. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower expression of miR-16b and miR-21 compared with Cluster 2 (p < 0.05). This study identified for the first time several miRNAs expressed in sheep saliva, pointing out significant differences in the expression patterns between the cortisol clusters. In addition, the trend analyses of these miRNAs resulted in clusters (p = 0.017), suggesting the possible cooperation of miR-16b and -21 in the integrated stress responses, as already demonstrated in other species as well. Other research to define the role of these miRNAs is needed, but the evaluation of the salivary miRNAs could support the selection of ewes for different profiles of response to sources of stressors common in the farm scenario.
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Galliano, Emmanuel, and Danielle Alloin. "Gas trapping in extremely massive clusters in NGC 1365." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S266 (August 2009): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309991475.
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AbstractThree radio cm sources in the central star-forming kpc of the closeby barred Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365 are observed. The complete dataset includes VLT infrared J, K, L and N images and spectra. The main observed features include (i) a rising dust continuum towards the mid-infrared (MIR), (ii) bright H emission lines and PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) features, (iii) a bright MIR [Neii] line, and (iv) no detection of MIR [Siv] or [Ariii] lines. For a typical cluster star-formation history and initial mass function, the [Ariii]/[Neii] and [Siv]/[Neii] ratios exhibit an abrupt decrease of several orders of magnitude at an age of ~ 7 Myr. The nondetection of [Ariii] and [Siv] indicates that the clusters are of approximately this age.
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Wang, Li, Shao-Yan Chang, and Ting Zhang. "MiR-324–5p Regulation in Disturbed Embryogenesis Induced by Folate Deficiency." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_037.
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Abstract Objectives Folate plays key role during embryogenesis. It is proved that folate deficiency is a risk factor for birth defects mainly exerting its effects through DNA methylation. Here, we want to discover the epigenetic process of DNA methylation in the regulation of miRNAs and thereby regulates neural tube closure through actions on target genes. Methods 40 fetuses with spina bifida and 46 control fetuses from Shanxi Province in China were enrolled to study miR-324–5p alternations with folate deficiency. Meanwhile, mice model with folate deficiency diet were built to study the effects and possible mechanisms of pregnancy folate deficiency. Overexpressed miR-324–5p zebras model were used to detected the role of miR-324–5p during embryogenesis. And disturbed folic acid metabolism cell and mice model were used to confirm the mechanisms of miR-324–5p in neural tube defects induced by folate deficiency. Results We observed decreased miR-324–5p methylation in the brains of individuals with spina bifida. Hypomethylation of miR-324–5 increased the risk of spina bifida, with an odds ratio of 7.0 (95% CI: 2.10–23.36; P < 0.0001). A positive correlation between miR-324–5p methylation and folate levels were verified, and higher folate concentration reversed miR-324–5p alternations. We also observed increased miR-324–5p expression in the folate deficiency group, with concomitant decreased expression of its putative target genes, GLI1 and SMO. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-324–5p induced neural tube defects with inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Similarly, we confirmed suppression of GLI1 and SMO expression in the brain of individuals with spina bifida. Conclusions The effect of folate deficiency on neural tube development may be mediated by miR-324–5p and its target genes. Funding Sources The National Natural Science Fund of China (81,670,802/H0724), National Key Research and Developmwnt Program (2016YFC1000502).
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Birnie, Kimberly A., Cecilia M. Prêle, Arthur W. (Bill) Musk, Nicholas de Klerk, Y. C. Gary Lee, Deirdre Fitzgerald, Richard J. N. Allcock, et al. "MicroRNA Signatures in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Effusions." Disease Markers 2019 (July 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8628612.
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Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable cancer of the pleura that can be difficult to diagnose. Biomarkers for an easier and/or earlier diagnosis are needed. Approximately 90% of MPM patients develop a pleural effusion (PE). PEs are ideal sources of biomarkers as the fluid would almost always require drainage for diagnostic and/or therapeutic reasons. However, differentiating MPM PE from PE caused by other diseases can be challenging. MicroRNAs are popular biomarkers given their stable expression in tissue and fluid. MicroRNAs have been analysed in PE cytology samples for the diagnosis of MPM but have not been measured in frozen/fresh PE. We hypothesise that microRNAs expressed in PE are biomarkers for MPM. TaqMan OpenArray was used to analyse over 700 microRNAs in PE cells and supernatants from 26 MPMs and 21 other PE-causing diseases. In PE cells, combining miR-143, miR-210, and miR-200c could differentiate MPM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. The three-microRNA signature could also discriminate MPM from a further 40 adenocarcinomas with an AUC of 0.9887. These results suggest that the expression of miR-143, miR-210, and miR-200c in PE cells might provide a signature for diagnosing MPM.
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Moreira-Costa, Liliana, António S. Barros, André P. Lourenço, Adelino F. Leite-Moreira, Rita Nogueira-Ferreira, Visith Thongboonkerd, and Rui Vitorino. "Exosome-Derived Mediators as Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Network Approach." Proteomes 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes9010008.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are widely recognized as the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in clinical management over the past decades, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Exosomes have drawn the attention of researchers for their relevance in intercellular communication under both physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles are suggested as complementary prospective biomarkers of CVDs; however, the role of exosomes in CVDs is still not fully elucidated. Here, we performed a literature search on exosomal biogenesis, characteristics, and functions, as well as the different available exosomal isolation techniques. Moreover, aiming to give new insights into the interaction between exosomes and CVDs, network analysis on the role of exosome-derived mediators in coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) was also performed to incorporate the different sources of information. The upregulated exosomal miRNAs miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-1, miR-499-5p, and miR-30a were described for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, while the exosome-derived miR-192, miR-194, miR-146a, and miR-92b-5p were considered as potential biomarkers for HF development. In CAD patients, upregulated exosomal proteins, including fibrinogen beta/gamma chain, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain, and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, were assessed as putative protein biomarkers. From downregulated proteins in CAD patients, albumin, clusterin, and vitamin D-binding protein were considered relevant to assess prognosis. The Vesiclepedia database included miR-133a of exosomal origin upregulated in patients with CAD and the exosomal miR-192, miR-194, and miR-146a upregulated in patients with HF. Additionally, Vesiclepedia included 5 upregulated and 13 downregulated exosomal proteins in patients in CAD. The non-included miRNAs and proteins have not yet been identified in exosomes and can be proposed for further research. This report highlights the need for further studies focusing on the identification and validation of miRNAs and proteins of exosomal origin as biomarkers of CAD and HF, which will enable, using exosomal biomarkers, the guiding of diagnosis/prognosis in CVDs.
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Zhao, Xin. "Confucius Institute and the Russkiy Mir Foundation in the Context of Globalization: a Comparative Analysis." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.9.25.
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The study discusses that the Confucius Institute of China and the Russkiy Mir Foundation are develop-ing differently in the context of globalization. The main focus of the research is comparison of the Confucius Institute and the Russkiy Mir Foundation in terms of the purpose of creation, the mode of creation, the management model, sources of fund-ing and the promotion mode. In the end, by compar-ison, the similarities and differences are analyzed, the best examples and experiments are obtained from each other for the further development of the Confucius Institute and Russian centers.
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Wang, Feng, Christian Maltecca, Xiaoqiu Wang, Jack Odle, and Lin Xi. "MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Analyses Reveal Key Hepatic Metabolic Pathways Responsive to Maternal Malnutrition in Full-Term Fetal Pigs." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_126.
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Abstract Objectives Maternal and infant undernutrition is highly prevalent in developing countries, leading to serious fetus/infant mortality, intrauterine growth restriction, stunting, and severe wasting. However, the effects of maternal undernutrition have generally focused on the reduced maternal nutrient supply to the fetus. The potential impairment of fetal metabolic pathways has not been well studied. Methods Pregnant gilts (Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc) received the NRC gestation diet with (n = 4) or without (n = 4) 50% intake restriction at insemination day and 70% for the following gestation period. Full term fetuses were obtained via C-section, two piglets were selected from each gilt in both groups and subject to hepatic tissue collection. MicroRNA and mRNA deep sequencing analysis was performed using the Illumina GAIIx system. The mRNA-miRNA correlation and associated signaling pathways were analyzed via CLC workbench, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Software. Results A total of 42 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between intake-restriction and full-nutrition group. Among of these, mir-206, mir-133b, mir-1246, mir-1843 and mir-7139 are the most downregulated and mir-10b, mir-708 and mir-222 are the most upregulated miRNAs. A total of 1215 mRNAs were identified to differentially expressed between two groups. Two metabolic pathways: retinol biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly modified, and the modification was associated with the miRNA changes induced by the maternal feed restriction. Briefly, the retinol biosynthesis pathway was upregulated (p < 0.01), in which those differential expressed mir-221, mir-4492, mir-1281 and mir-4492 were predicted targeting genes AADAC, CES3, PNPLA3 and RDH13 in the pathway. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway was upregulated (p < 0.05), and those differential expressed mir-1843, mir-222 and mir-184 were predicted targeting genes ATP5F1C, NDUFA1, NDUFB10, and NDUFS7 in this pathway. Conclusions These results provide the framework for further understanding of negative impact of maternal malnutrition on hepatic metabolic pathways via miRNA-RNA interactions in full-term fetal pigs. Funding Sources Supported in part by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GCE OPP1061037) and by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service.
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Shah, Kruti B., Steven D. Chernausek, Lori D. Garman, Nathan P. Pezant, Jasmine F. Plows, Harmeet K. Kharoud, Ellen W. Demerath, and David A. Fields. "Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041091.
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Among all the body fluids, breast milk is one of the richest sources of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs packaged within the milk exosomes are bioavailable to breastfeeding infants. The role of miRNAs in determining infant growth and the impact of maternal overweight/obesity on human milk (HM) miRNAs is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of maternal overweight/obesity on select miRNAs (miR-148a, miR-30b, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-let-7a and miR-32) involved in adipogenesis and glucose metabolism and to examine the relationship of these miRNAs with measures of infant body composition in the first 6 months of life. Milk samples were collected from a cohort of 60 mothers (30 normal-weight [NW] and 30 overweight [OW]/obese [OB]) at 1-month and a subset of 48 of these at 3 months of lactation. Relative abundance of miRNA was determined using real-time PCR. The associations between the miRNAs of interest and infant weight and body composition at one, three, and six months were examined after adjusting for infant gestational age, birth weight, and sex. The abundance of miR-148a and miR-30b was lower by 30% and 42%, respectively, in the OW/OB group than in the NW group at 1 month. miR-148a was negatively associated with infant weight, fat mass, and fat free mass, while miR-30b was positively associated with infant weight, percent body fat, and fat mass at 1 month. Maternal obesity is negatively associated with the content of select miRNAs in human milk. An association of specific miRNAs with infant body composition was observed during the first month of life, suggesting a potential role in the infant’s adaptation to enteral nutrition.
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Mustafin, R. N. "Molecular genetics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, no. 3 (June 4, 2022): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-37.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe progressive interstitial lung disease with a prevalence of 2 to 29 per 100,000 of the world’s population. Aging is a significant risk factor for IPF, and the mechanisms of aging (telomere depletion, genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis) are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. The pathogenesis of IPF consists of TGF-β activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and SIRT7 expression decrease. Genetic studies have shown a role of mutations and polymorphisms in mucin genes (MUC5B), in the genes responsible for the integrity of telomeres (TERC, TERC, TINF2, DKC1, RTEL1, PARN), in surfactant-related genes (SFTPC, SFTPCA, SFTPA2, ABCA3, SP-A2), immune system genes (IL1RN, TOLLIP), and haplotypes of HLA genes (DRB1*15:01, DQB1*06:02) in IPF pathogenesis. The investigation of the influence of reversible epigenetic factors on the development of the disease, which can be corrected by targeted therapy, shows promise. Among them, an association of a number of specific microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs was revealed with IPF. Therefore, dysregulation of transposons, which serve as key sources of noncoding RNA and affect mechanisms of aging, may serve as a driver for IPF development. This is due to the fact that pathological activation of transposons leads to violation of the regulation of genes, in the epigenetic control of which microRNA originating from these transposons are involved (due to the complementarity of nucleotide sequences). Analysis of the MDTE database (miRNAs derived from Transposable Elements) allowed the detection of 12 different miRNAs derived in evolution from transposons and associated with IPF (miR-31, miR-302, miR-326, miR-335, miR-340, miR-374, miR-487, miR-493, miR-495, miR-630, miR-708, miR-1343). We described the relationship of transposons with TGF-β, sirtuins and telomeres, dysfunction of which is involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. New data on IPF epigenetic mechanisms can become the basis for improving results of targeted therapy of the disease using noncoding RNAs.
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Heintz, K. E., J. P. U. Fynbo, E. Høg, P. Møller, J. K. Krogager, S. Geier, P. Jakobsson, and L. Christensen. "Unidentified quasars among stationary objects from Gaia DR2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): L8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833396.
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Here we apply a technique selecting quasar candidates purely as sources with zero proper motions in the Gaia data release 2 (DR2). We demonstrate that this approach is highly efficient toward high Galactic latitudes with ≲25% contamination from stellar sources. Such a selection technique offers very pure sample completeness, since all cosmological point sources are selected regardless of their intrinsic spectral properties within the limiting magnitude of Gaia. We carry out a pilot-study, defining a sample compiled by including all Gaia-DR2 sources within one degree of the north Galactic pole (NGP) selected to have proper motions consistent with zero within 2σ uncertainty. By cross-matching the sample to the optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the mid-infrared (MIR) AllWISE photometric catalogues, we investigate the colours of each of our sources. We determine the efficiency of our selection by comparison with previously spectroscopically confirmed quasars. The majority of the zero-proper-motion sources selected here have optical to MIR colours consistent with known quasars. The remaining population may be contaminating stellar sources, but some may also be quasars with colours similar to stars. Spectroscopic follow-up of the zero-proper-motion sources is needed to unveil such a hitherto hidden quasar population. This approach has the potential to allow substantial progress on many important questions concerning quasars, such as determining the fraction of dust-obscured quasars, the fraction of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars, and the metallicity distribution of damped Lyman-α absorbers. The technique could also potentially reveal new types of quasars or even new classes of cosmological point sources.
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Torres-Albà, N., K. Iwasawa, T. Díaz-Santos, V. Charmandaris, C. Ricci, J. K. Chu, D. B. Sanders, et al. "C-GOALS." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834105.
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We analyze Chandra X-ray observatory data for a sample of 63 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), sampling the lower-infrared luminosity range of the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG survey (GOALS), which includes the most luminous infrared selected galaxies in the local Universe. X-rays are detected for 84 individual galaxies within the 63 systems, for which arcsecond resolution X-ray images, fluxes, infrared and X-ray luminosities, spectra and radial profiles are presented. Using X-ray and mid-infrared (MIR) selection criteria, we find AGN in (31 ± 5)% of the galaxy sample, compared to the (38 ± 6)% previously found for GOALS galaxies with higher infrared luminosities (C-GOALS I). Using MIR data, we find that (59 ± 9)% of the X-ray selected AGN in the full C-GOALS sample do not contribute significantly to the bolometric luminosity of the host galaxy. Dual AGN are detected in two systems, implying a dual AGN fraction in systems that contain at least one AGN of (29 ± 14)%, compared to the (11 ± 10)% found for the C-GOALS I sample. Through analysis of radial profiles, we derive that most sources, and almost all AGN, in the sample are compact, with half of the soft X-ray emission generated within the inner ∼1 kpc. For most galaxies, the soft X-ray sizes of the sources are comparable to those of the MIR emission. We also find that the hard X-ray faintness previously reported for the bright C-GOALS I sources is also observed in the brightest LIRGs within the sample, with LFIR > 8 × 1010 L⊙.
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Aguilar, Susana, Paula García-Olloqui, Lidia Amigo-Morán, José Luis Torán, Juan Antonio López, Guillermo Albericio, Gloria Abizanda, et al. "Cardiac Progenitor Cell Exosomal miR-935 Protects against Oxidative Stress." Cells 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12182300.
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Oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis and necrosis are critically involved in ischemic infarction, and several sources of extracellular vesicles appear to be enriched in therapeutic activities. The central objective was to identify and validate the differential exosome miRNA repertoire in human cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). CPC exosomes were first analyzed by LC-MS/MS and compared by RNAseq with exomes of human mesenchymal stromal cells and human fibroblasts to define their differential exosome miRNA repertoire (exo-miRSEL). Proteomics demonstrated a highly significant representation of cardiovascular development functions and angiogenesis in CPC exosomes, and RNAseq analysis yielded about 350 different miRNAs; among the exo-miRSEL population, miR-935 was confirmed as the miRNA most significantly up-regulated; interestingly, miR-935 was also found to be preferentially expressed in mouse primary cardiac Bmi1+high CPC, a population highly enriched in progenitors. Furthermore, it was found that transfection of an miR-935 antagomiR combined with oxidative stress treatment provoked a significant increment both in apoptotic and necrotic populations, whereas transfection of a miR-935 mimic did not modify the response. Conclusion. miR-935 is a highly differentially expressed miRNA in exo-miRSEL, and its expression reduction promotes oxidative stress-associated apoptosis. MiR-935, together with other exosomal miRNA members, could counteract oxidative stress-related apoptosis, at least in CPC surroundings.
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Feng, Weifeng, Huijun Xie, Jiong Li, Xianxin Yan, Shiping Zhu, and Shengyun Sun. "miR-29c Inhibits Renal Interstitial Fibrotic Proliferative Properties through PI3K-AKT Pathway." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6382323.
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Renal fibrosis, in particular tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is characterized by an increased extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and development in the interstitium, is the common end pathway for nearly all progressive kidney disorders. One of the sources for this matrix is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) from the tabular epithelium. The driving force behind it is some profibrotic growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) which is responsible for the formation of collagen in renal fibrosis. miR-29c, which is an antifibrotic microRNA, downregulates renal interstitial fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β and collagen. However, it is not known whether miR-29c mediates the TGF-β1-driven PI3K-Akt pathway and Col-1 triggering within NRK-52E cultures. The main objective of this investigation was to examine the influence of miR-29c on the downregulation of the TGF-β1-driven PI3K-Akt pathway and Col-1 triggering in NRK-52E cultures. This study revealed that miR-29c inhibited TGF-β1 expression in NRK-52E cell cultures. Overexpression of miR-29c significantly inhibits NRK-52E culture proliferation mediated by TGF-β1. miR-29c inhibited the expression of Col-1 and decreased PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. These findings revealed a novel mechanism by which miR29c inhibits the proliferation of renal interstitial fibrotic cultures by downregulating the PI3k-Akt pathway, which is controlled by TGF-β1.
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Medina Villaamil, V., I. Santamarina Caínzos, G. Aparicio Gallego, M. Quindós Varela, D. Dopico Vázquez, S. Antolín Novoa, R. García Campelo, M. Reboredo, M. Valladares Ayerbes, and L. M. Antón Aparicio. "MicroRNAs as emerging biomarkers for micrometastasis detection in genitourinary tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.52.
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52 Background: MicroRNAs regulate numerous aspects of normal and pathological cellular processes, including cancer. Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) may provide diagnostic and prognostic information in genitourinary (GU) tumors. miRNAs may also be considered as potential therapeutic targets when overexpression is associated to pathogenic effect. miRNAs may constitute a promising new class of cancer biomarkers for CTC detection. The aim of this work is identify miRNAs potentially useful for CTC detection in blood samples from patients with GU tumors: bladder, prostate and renal tumors. Methods: miRGator, miRBase, smiRNAdb, GeneHUB-GEPIS, microRNA.org and miRNAMap free databases were used in order to identify miRNAs as biomarkers for CTC detection. In silico data were used to identify miRNAs highly expressed in GU tumors, but absent in hematopoietic-derived sources. RNA enriched in miRNAs was isolated from: GU tumors (bladder: HT1376, HT1197; prostate: VCaP, LNCaP and renal: ACHN, A704) and hematopoietic cell lines, GU tumor tissues (N= 6) and healthy blood samples (N= 19). mirVana miRNA and RiboPure Blood isolation kits were used. Using qRT-PCR miRNAs tumor-related were amplified. Results: Bioinformatic analysis included tissue-specific and oncogenic miRNAs and showed that mir-31, mir-136, mir-133a, mir-145, mir-187, mir-200a, mir-200b, mir-200c, mir-368 and hsa-let-7c levels were up-regulated in tumor tissues from patients with advanced GU tumors. For instance, relative expression of mir-31 was 6-timeshigher in bladder cell lines than in normal peripheral blood, mir-200c was 104-times higher in renal tumor tissue than in normal peripheral blood and finally hsa-let-7c was 3-times higher in prostate tumor tissue than in healthy blood samples. Conclusions: These results suggest that this bioinformatic approach is an useful high-throughout method to identified GU tumors-associated miRNAs. The selected miRNAs should be further evaluated for their potential as markers for CTC detection, prognosis and therapeutic outcome. This work was supported by Grants PI07/0477 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sussmann, R., A. Ostler, F. Forster, M. Rettinger, N. M. Deutscher, D. W. T. Griffith, J. W. Hannigan, N. Jones, and P. K. Patra. "First intercalibration of column-averaged methane from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-397-2013.
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Abstract. We present the first intercalibration of dry-air column-averaged mole fractions of methane (XCH4) retrieved from solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) in the mid-infrared (MIR) versus near-infrared (NIR) soundings from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The study uses multi-annual quasi-coincident MIR and NIR measurements from the stations Garmisch, Germany (47.48° N, 11.06° E, 743 m a.s.l.), and Wollongong, Australia (34.41° S, 150.88° E, 30 m a.s.l.). Direct comparison of the retrieved MIR and NIR XCH4 time series for Garmisch shows a quasi-periodic seasonal bias leading to a standard deviation (stdv) of the difference time series (NIR–MIR) of 7.2 ppb. After reducing time-dependent a priori impact by using realistic site- and time-dependent ACTM-simulated profiles as a common prior, the seasonal bias is reduced (stdv = 5.2 ppb). A linear fit to the MIR/NIR scatter plot of monthly means based on same-day coincidences does not show a y-intercept that is statistically different from zero, and the MIR/NIR intercalibration factor is found to be close to ideal within 2-σ uncertainty, i.e. 0.9996(8). The difference time series (NIR–MIR) do not show a significant trend. The same basic findings hold for Wollongong. In particular an overall MIR/NIR intercalibration factor close to the ideal 1 is found within 2-σ uncertainty. At Wollongong the seasonal cycle of methane is less pronounced and corresponding smoothing errors are not as significant, enabling standard MIR and NIR retrievals to be used directly, without correction to a common a priori. Our results suggest that it is possible to set up a harmonized NDACC and TCCON XCH4 data set which can be exploited for joint trend studies, satellite validation, or the inverse modeling of sources and sinks.
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Ali, M. Athar. "The Use of Sources in Mughal Historiography." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 5, no. 3 (November 1995): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300006623.
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India during the period of the Mughal dynasty (sixteenth-eighteenth centuries) is exceptionally well illuminated by a large body of historical literature, mainly in Persian. This literature followed the traditions of classical Persian historiography, the models of which like Yazdi's Zafarnama (a history of Timur) and Mir Khwand's Rauzatu's Safa (a history of the world), both written in the fifteenth century, were widely read in India. By its very volume, if nothing else, Mughal historiography has, however, to be studied and assessed separately. It may be recalled that when C. A. Storey made his great survey of Persian historical literature, works written on Indian history accounted for a major part of it providing 475 items, by authors (nos. 612–1087), as against 299 (nos. –611) concerned with Persia, and Central Asia and countries other than India. And among the works written in India those written in Mughal times again account for the overwhelming part.
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Stalevski, Marko, Daniel Asmus, and Konrad R. W. Tristram. "Towards a new paradigm of dust structure in AGN: Dissecting the mid-IR emission of Circinus galaxy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S356 (October 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320002562.
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AbstractRecent mid-infrared (MIR) observations of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), revealed that their dust emission appears prominently extended in the polar direction, at odds with the expectations from the canonical dusty torus. This polar dust, tentatively associated with dusty winds driven by radiation pressure, is found to have a major contribution to the MIR flux from a few to hundreds of parsecs. One such source with a clear detection of polar dust is a nearby, well-known AGN in the Circinus galaxy. We proposed a phenomenological model consisting of a compact, thin dusty disk and a large-scale polar outflow in the form of a hyperboloid shell and demonstrated that such a model is able to explain the peculiar MIR morphology on large scales seen by VLT/VISIR and the interferometric data from VLTI/MIDI that probe the small scales. Our results call for caution when attributing dust emission of unresolved sources entirely to the torus and warrant further investigation of the MIR emission in the polar regions of AGN.
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Than, Uyen Thi Trang, Dominic Guanzon, James A. Broadbent, Tony J. Parker, and David I. Leavesley. "Deep Sequencing MicroRNAs from Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Revealed the Association of the Vesicle Cargo with Cellular Origin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031141.
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Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential candidates for diagnostics and therapeutics. We have previously reported that keratinocytes release three types of EVs into the extracellular environment. Importantly, those EVs contain a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) as cargo. In this study, we examined the expression level of keratinocyte-derived EV miRNAs, their target genes and potential functions. Next generation sequencing results showed that over one hundred miRNAs in each EV subtype exhibited greater than 100 reads per million (RPM), indicating a relatively high abundance. Analysis of the miRNAs with the highest abundance revealed associations with different keratinocyte cell sources. For instance, hsa-miR-205 was associated with the HaCaT cells whereas hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-203, hsa-miR-22 and hsa-miR-143 were associated with human primary dermal keratinocytes (PKCs). Additionally, functional annotation analysis of genes regulated by those miRNAs, especially with regard to biological processes, also revealed cell-type-specific associations with either HaCaTs or PKCs. Indeed, EV functional effects were related to their parental cellular origin; specifically, PKC-derived EVs influenced fibroblast migration whereas HaCaT-derived EVs did not. In addition, the data in this current study indicates that keratinocyte-derived EVs and/or their cargoes have potential applications for wound healing.
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Meienberger, Alexander. "The Concept of the “Russkiy Mir”: History of the Concept and Ukraine." Conservatism in Russia 13, no. 35 (October 2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55337/35.qlpt4607.
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The concept of the Russkiy Mir (Russian world) has cultural and geopolitical implications. Since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, the concept has started to play a significant role as a propaganda instrument and as a justifying tool for Russian military aggression in Ukraine. However, this was not always the case. It was not until 2007 that the Kremlin institutionalized the concept by creating a foundation called Russkiy Mir. Until this time, the concept was not widespread among the Russian elites. Later, Russian politicians articulated the Russkiy Mir differently and without its exact meaning. Three different understandings of the Russkiy Mir have emerged: a global sphere of the Russian language and/or Russian-speaking diaspora, the geopolitical sphere of influence of Russia, and an ideological sphere of the new conservative right-wing forces. By analyzing the idea’s roots in the Russian context using published sources, the article shows how the Russkiy Mir has developed from a nonpolitical and loose idea that should unite all Russian-speaking people around the globe to a geopolitical tool Russia uses to justify its influence in the post-Soviet space, particularly in Ukraine. Moreover, the article aims to answer the question of to what extent, from a Russian state view, Ukraine plays a role in this concept.
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Wang, Yibo, Ning Jiang, Tinggui Wang, Lin Yan, Zhenfeng Sheng, Liming Dou, Jiani Ding, et al. "Mid-infrared Outbursts in Nearby Galaxies (MIRONG). II. Optical Spectroscopic Follow-up." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 258, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac33a6.
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Abstract Infrared echo has proven to be an effective means to discover transient accretion events of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), such as tidal disruption events (TDEs) and changing-look active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in dusty circumnuclear environments. To explore the dusty populations of SMBH transient events, we have constructed a large sample of mid-infrared outbursts in nearby galaxies (MIRONG) and performed multiwavelength observations. Here we present the results of multiepoch spectroscopic follow-up observations of a subsample of 54 objects spanning a timescale of 4 yr. Emission-line variability was detected in 22 of them with either emergence or enhancement of broad Balmer emission lines in comparison with pre-outburst spectra. Coronal lines, He ii λ4686, and Bowen line N iii λ4640 appeared in the spectra of nine, seven, and two sources, respectively. These results suggest that MIRONG is a mixed bag of different transient sources. We have tentatively classified them into different subclass according to their spectral evolution and light curves. Two sources have been in a steady high broad Hα flux up to the latest observation and might be turn-on AGNs. Broad lines faded out in the remaining sources, indicating a transient ionizing source ignited by TDE or sporadic gas accretion. Thirty-one sources do not show noticeable spectral change with respect to their pre-outburst spectra. They have a statistically redder MIR color and lower MIR luminosity of the outbursts, which are consistent with heavily obscured events.