Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sources minérales'
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Qu, Zihan. "Chemical properties of continental aerosol transported over the Southern Ocean : Patagonian and Namibian sources." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066002/document.
Full textMineral dust is considered to be an important supplier of micronutrient for the Southern Ocean where the primary production is limited by insufficient supply of micronutrients. Patagonia (South America) and Namibia (Southern Africa) are two main dust sources for the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean. Emission inventories of bioavailable micronutrients from these two regions regulate the final biological impact on marine ecosystem in the South Atlantic Ocean. This thesis is mainly focused on the investigation of 1) the atmospheric dust concentration and its temporal pattern in Patagonia, 2) the spatial heterogeneity of dust elemental composition in Patagonia and Namibia, and 3) the pH dependence of elemental solubility in Patagonian and Namibian dust. These three aspects are the key issues to model the emission inventories of bioavailable micronutrients from dust sources. Dust concentration measurements were conducted in Patagonia-Atlantic Coast and revealed a seasonal pattern of dust concentration with lower dust level in winter than the other three seasons. Meteorological records suggest that this seasonal pattern is associated with the variation of soil moisture in source areas rather than the recurrently high wind speed. Dust samples were generated from Patagonian and Namibian soils to investigate the elemental composition and the elemental solubility of source dust. Dust elemental composition differs to different degrees from their parents soils, particularly in Namibia due to the dilution effect of quartz in soil. Spatial variability of dust elemental composition was observed at both continental scale and regional scale in Patagonia and Namibia. Variations in Ca and Mg content are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity of dust elemental composition. Elemental solubility of Patagonian and Namibian dust increased with acidity of leaching solution. More soluble elements namely Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Sr and Ba showed much higher solubility in calcium-rich dust due to the presence of carbonate. The dust concentration record obtained in Patagonia may help to better quantify the dust emission in subantarctic region and to constrain dust models. Database of dust elemental composition and elemental solubility in Patagonia and Namibia also contributes to the evaluation of emission inventories of soluble elements from dust sources to the Southern Ocean
Breuillaud-Sottas, Françoise. "La prodigieuse ascension des eaux d'Evian : (1790-1914)." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAML014.
Full textUntrau-Taghian, Sophie. "Étude de l'influence de différentes sources d'azote minérales et organiques et de la vitesse de croissance sur la biosynthèse de la spiramycine chez streptomyces ambofaciens." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL142N.
Full textCali, Christophe. "Capteurs chimiques à base de verres chalcogénures destinés à la détection des ions cuivre et sulfures. Etude des mécanismes à l'interface et mesures "in situ" dans les eaux naturelles." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20058.
Full textSkonieczny, Charlotte. "Caractérisation multi-proxy de « poussières Sahariennes » déposées à l'actuel sur la marge Ouest africaine : relations avec les régions sources et les systèmes de transport et implications pour l’interprétation des archives sédimentaires en Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10171/document.
Full textThe study of the aeolian material in the sedimentary archives of the NEATO contributes to document the paleoclimatic changes in this region. However, the interpretation of these records is complicated by the fact that proxies used in the deep sea sediments to reconstruct the provenance regions and the associated atmospheric transport patterns remain poorly constrained. A study of the aeolian deposits in the present-day climatic context was carried out on the West African margin in order to improve our understanding of the proxies. In this frame, a mineral dust deposits trap was installed in 2006 on the Senegalese coast, providing a unique aeolian deposits time series with a temporal resolution better than a week. The first part of this study consists in a multi-proxy analysis of the aeolian deposits collected from 2006 to 2009 (including grain-size distribution, clay mineralogy and strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios) and the subsequent development of a calibration of these tracers in terms of provenance regions and transport patterns in the present-day climatic context. In a second part, this calibration was (1) tested against sea surface sediments of the NEATO and then (2) used to decipher the aeolian terrigenous signal recorded during the last 26 000 years in the MD03-2705 core (18°05N; 21°09W). This PhD work contributes to document in which ways this initial present-day calibration of the aeolian proxies can contribute to improve our understanding of the terrigenous signal in NEATO
Baker, Lory-Anne. "Etude de l'impact écologique de faibles bruits de fond radioactifs renforcés naturellement (NORM) ou par une activité humaine (TE-NORM) : Les diatomées, modèle pertinent pour explorer l'effet chronique de la radioactivité parmi d'autres facteurs stressants dans les biotopes aquatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2023UCFA0021_BAKER.pdf.
Full textLife on Earth has evolved over millions of years in the presence of natural background ionising radiation. Exposure to these ionising radiation may have helped to shape present-day life forms. However, little research has been conducted to examine the influence of the radiation on natural populations. The main objective of my thesis was to understand the influence of natural or anthropized radioactive backgrounds on the ecological parameters (richness, taxonomic composition and structure) of benthic diatom communities. In the first part of the thesis, my work was focused on the impact of radioactivity on benthic diatoms in twenty-six mineral springs of the Massif Central (France) has been studied using morphological and genetic (metabarcoding) approaches. Since the springs have different substrates near their emergence, we first tested whether sampling different substrates had an impact on the ecological parameters of the diatoms. Results showed that the influence of the substrate on the structure of the communities is negligible compared to the geographical location of the sources (cf. environmental conditions). Then, radioactivity (in particular uranium 238 and radon 222) has been shown to still influences the structuring of benthic diatom communities in mineral springs. Additionally, the species Planothidum frequentissimum is particularly associated with and springs with the highest levels of uranium-238 or radon-222. This species can be considered as a potential bioindicator of high uranium-238 or radon-222 concentrations. Among the springs studied, the bituminous Poix spring is a geological feature with extremely mineralised water. These parameters do not allow us to include this spring in our statistical analyses but have led to the study of its unusual diversity. The range of species found at the Poix is mainly composed of marine and brackish water taxa. The study of this spring underlines the insular character of the springs. In the second part of the thesis, we had the opportunity to study the influence of radioactivity in mineral springs on other microbial communities (viruses and prokaryotes) has been studied. Through this work, it has been noted that radioactivity has an influence on the abundance of viruses but has no effect on the prokaryotes population. Finally, the last part of the thesis focused on the influence of radioactivity reinforced by human activities such as uranium mining. Using the paleoenvironmental approach, we studied the fossil diatoms of the wetland on the site of the former Rophin mine (France). This study revealed that the uranium mine operation did not have a significant impact on diatom communities. This thesis provides additional information on the influence of low radioactive background noise on natural aquatic populations
Marty, Nicolas. "Histoire d'une grande entreprise en Languedoc : la Source Perrier et son personnel, 1903-1990." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0399.
Full textThe Perrier spring is one of the leading companies in the mineral water industry, and was one of the key participants in the creation of this new product of consumption in the twentieth century. The first directors of the company were English, they took the decision, considered to be iconoclastic in France, to cut the company off from its hot spring source in order to create a totally separate consumer good. .
Bensilhe, Denis. "Étude analogique et clinique du forage Buccuron II de Gamarde-les-Bains." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P058.
Full textBen, Dahou Dounia. "Nouveaux matériaux nanoporeux et bio-hybrides à base de nanoparticules minérales et/ou celllulosiques : relation structure/propriétés." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS363/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the preparation, using freeze drying technique, of aerogels madefrom cellulose and mineral fillers intended for potential use in the field of thermal insulation. Thefirst goal of this thesis was the characterization of different cellulose (cellulose (PBPD)nanocrystals (NCC) and oxidized nanofibrils (NFCs)), the inorganic filler (mainly zeolite) and theresulting aerogels prepared by various combinations. We used for the characterization of thestarting materials and the aerogels analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET,SEM and the zeta potential. We also characterized the mechanical properties of the aerogels bycompression tests and their thermal conduction properties in the non-steady state by the hot wiretechnique. It has been found that multi-scale structure of these celluloses promotes the creation ofmeso and nanoporosities to the detriment of macroporosity. This promotes the confinement ofthe air in the bio-aerogel by Knudsen effect and improves their thermal insulation properties. Onthe other hand, the nanoparticles (organic and inorganic) allow the aerogels to have very goodmechanical properties. The third objective was to try other mineral fillers (other than the zeolite)in combination with the different cellulose and explore the morphological, structural, thermaland mechanical of the corresponding aerogels. This study has allowed showing the importance ofmorphological and geometrical characteristics of the mineral fillers in controlling physical andmechanical properties of the bio-hybrid aerogels
Heimburger, Alexie. "Chimie et dépôt de l'aérosol minéral en zone océanique australe." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849747.
Full textAncellin, Marie-Anne. "Origine de la diversité géochimique des magmas équatoriens : de l'arc au minéral." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC083/document.
Full textArc lavas display a complex geochemistry resulting from the heterogeneity of primitive magmas and their transformation within the crust. Identifying primitive magma compositions in continental arcs is challenging because continental crust is thick and acts as a mechanical and chemical filter for ascending magmas. This issue is particularly criticial in Ecuador owing to the great thickness of the continental crust (≈ 50-60 km) and the scarcity of erupted primitive magmas. This thesis aims to determine the composition of primitive silicate melts in the Ecuadorian arc, on the scale of the whole arc, as well as on the scale of two volcanic edifices: the Pichincha and the Tungurahua. This study also intends to better understand how those primitive melts evolve during their journey through the continental crust. In Ecuador, slab dip, relief and age change from north to south. Hence, the first part of the PhD focuses on the influence of those parameters on magma geochemistry, through a whole rock study covering the entire arc. It confirms the across-arc geochemical variations described by previous studies: an increase of incompatible element contents and a decrease of fluid-mobile over fluid-immobile element ratios from west to east. We identify along-arc geochemical variations in the volcanic front (e.g. Ba/Th), related to the changing nature of metasomatic fluids, which are aqueous fluids at the centre of the arc (around 0.5°S) and silicate melts to the north and probably to the south. This change may be due to the subduction of a younger and warmer oceanic crust to the north, which might promote slab melting. Lastly, it seems that deep crustal contamination increases towards the south of the volcanic front. Secondly, volcanic products emitted for the last 3,000 years at Tungurahua are studied. On this timescale, the tectonic parameters of the first study are constant. This work details the role of continental crust in the production of differentiated magmas, which are systematically associated with more explosive eruptions. We conclude that andesites have heterogeneous isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.834 - 19.038), acquired at depth (mantle or deep crust), that homogeneize through andesite differentiation to dacite (206Pb/204Pb = 18.965 - 19.030) by fractional crystallization and assimilation of the local upper crust (7-9 %). Lastly, the third part of the PhD focuses on the heterogeneity of primitive magmas. We study individual minerals from Pichincha and Tungurahua volcanoes and show that most minerals are in disequilibrium with their host rock (up to 8,600 ppm for 206Pb/204Pb). The diversity of Pichincha minerals allows the identification of mantle melt diversity (206Pb/204Pb = 18.816 - 19.007), with compositions forming a tight trend in Pb-Pb isotope spaces. As for Tungurahua whole rocks, crustal assimilation erases the diversity of primitive melt isotope signatures through differentiation, so that primitive melt signatures are not preserved in whole rock samples. At Tungurahua, individual minerals show that the heterogeneity of isotope compositions is acquired at depth. The analysis of two olivine fractions reveals the existence of a radiogenic signature in the mantle source of Tungurahua volcano, interpreted as the presence of delaminated crust within the mantle beneath its edifice. Finally, olivine fractions from seven Ecuadorian volcanoes highlight the fact that no unique primitive signature exists in the arc. Isotopic heterogeneity is entirely inherited from the mantle (206Pb/204Pb = 18.583 - 19.000). Primitive melt compositions are then shifted by continental crust contamination which, in most cases, results in more radiogenic signatures
Cohen-Jonathan, Simone. "Étude comparative de l'action d'eaux sulfatées calciques du gisement hydrominéral de Vittel sur la biodisponibilité du calcium dans le sang de la souris." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3808.
Full textBailly, Laurent. "Le secteur minéralisé du Cerro Bonete (sud ouest Bolivie) : étude du magmatisme, des minéralisations et altérations associées : essai de localisation de la source des métaux." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10289.
Full textGallino, Stéphanie. "Hydrogéologie, géochimie et modélisation hydrodynamique-thermique d'un système thermo-minéral associé à un contact structural alpin (Aix-les-Bains - Savoie)." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS039.
Full textThis study, based on a interdisciplinary approach, re-examines the circulation model of the thermal and mineral waters from Aix-les-Bains for drilling a rescue well. A 3D model, built from geological and geophysical data, shows that two major faults (N135 and N065°E) individualize the three studied sites (Thermes Nationaux, Thermes de Marlioz, Raphy Saint Simon). Hydrochemical data suggest a millennial residence time for the waters, a major role of the thrust in the main mineralisation (Na, K, C1, SO4), a strong link between the chemical characteristics of each site and the exchange ionic processes evolution during the upwelling and a mixing with the surface waters in the final part of the upwelling. The mineral waters have a different sulphate origin compared with the thermal waters (pyrite or triassic gypsum dissolution). The hydrodynamical data demonstrates that (i) the Valanginian and the Kimmeridgian limestones represent the infiltration zones, (ii) the starting of the well exploitation catches deep flows towards the springs and (iii) the dispersive role of the urgonian karst in the final upwelling. The coupled hydrodynamical-thermical model evidences the cooling of the thermal waters in deep depth. The current temperatures are induced by an un-steady state flow since the last deglaciation. An evolution in time and space of the hydraulic conductivities (initiation and evolution of the karst), and/or a late starting of the hydrothermal system (tills leaching, neotectonic event) is then needed
Thorette, Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrothermalisme océanique : exemple du district minéralisé de York-Harbour (massif ophiolitique de Blow-Me-Down, Bay-of-Islands, Terre-Neuve)." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2002.
Full textWatha-Ndoudy, Noël. "Caractéristiques morphologiques et géochimiques des grains d'or : application a la prospection des placers de Mayoko (Congo)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL113N.
Full textEdon, Myriam. "Contribution à la caractérisation P-T-t-X des fluides et des néoformations minérales dans le trias en place ou diapirique et dans sa couverture sédimentaire dans le bassin sud-ouest (France) : Minéralisations associées. Arguments géochimiques en faveur d'une source triasique des évents sous-marins ayant favorisé le développement des nodules septarisés de Beauvoisin (Terres Noires)." Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLEA001.
Full textCherchour, Mustapha. "Etude de la production d'ions hydrogène lents et de leur interaction avec les surfaces clivées de semi-conducteurs (GaAs, InP)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066202.
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