Journal articles: 'Source Synchronous Analysis'

1

Stevenson, Christopher L., and Tuan Vo-Dinh. "Laser-Excited Synchronous Luminescence Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 4 (April 1993): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934334967.

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The use of lasers as excitation sources for molecular luminescence often results in improvements in sensitivity and limits of detection (LODs). Synchronous luminescence (SL) spectroscopy, in which both excitation and emission wavelengths are scanned simultaneously, provides a convenient means to improve selectivity (often dramatically) in the analysis of multicomponent mixtures using room-temperature luminescence. We report here on the first use of a dye laser as an excitation source for SL at room temperature. The performance of the laser synchronous luminescence (LSL) system is described for the analysis of four polyaromatic compounds; for one of these—tetracene—the LOD was 680 zeptomoles (10−21 mol) in the volume probed by the laser. In addition to impressive sensitivity and selectivity, the laser system used is quite small and can be considered as an attractive source for portable SL instruments designed for in-field screening of environmental samples.

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Fu, Zhongjun, Jianyu Wang, Yun Ou, Genyuan Zhou, Feng'e Bai, and Xiaorong Zhao. "The VPF Harmonic Analysis Algorithm Based on Quasi-Synchronous DFT." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001711010114.

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Background: The main source of spectral leakage in Quasi-synchronous DFT (QSDFT) harmonic analysis is the short-range leakage resulting from the fluctuating signals. Objective: The QSDFT discrete spectrum stretching theorem, as is demonstrated in this paper, shows that the peak in frequency domain changes synchronously with the signal frequency drift. Based on QSDFT, an improved algorithm—Variable Picket Fence (VPF) is proposed. Method: The VPF means the sampling position in the frequency domain will synchronously change with the signal frequency drift. In this way, we can accurately capture the spectrum peak, thereby inhibiting short-range spectral leakage. Hence signal frequency drift can be obtained by measuring the fundamental phase difference between the adjacent sample points. Results: Simulation and application results prove that this proposed algorithm increases the accuracy of harmonic analysis by inhibiting short-range spectral leakage efficiently in the range of 45 to 55HZ.

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Alpuente, M., M. M. Gallardo, E. Pimentel, and A. Villanueva. "An Abstract Analysis Framework for Synchronous Concurrent Languages based on source–to–source Transformation." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 206 (April 2008): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2008.03.072.

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Lee, Young-Geun, Tae-Kyoung Bang, Jeong-In Lee, Jong-Hyeon Woo, Sung-Tae Jo, and Jang-Young Choi. "Characteristic Analysis and Experimental Verification of Electromagnetic and Vibration/Noise Aspects of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding IPMSMs of e-Bike." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010238.

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In this study, we performed the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristic analyses of an 8-pole 12-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). Permanent magnet synchronous motors are classified into surface permanent magnet synchronous motor and interior permanent magnet synchronous motors according to the type of rotor. The IPM type is advantageous for high-speed operation because of the structure where the permanent magnet is embedded inside the rotor, and it has the advantage of having a high output density by generating not only the magnetic torque of the permanent magnet, but also the reluctance torque. However, such a motor has more vibration/noise sources than other types, owing to changes in reluctance. The sources of motor noise/vibration can be broadly classified into electromagnetic, mechanical, and aerodynamic sources. Electromagnetic noise sources are classified into electromagnetic excitation sources, torque pulsations, and unbalanced magnetic forces (UMFs). Vibration and noise cause machine malfunctions and affect the entire system. Therefore, it is important to analyze the electromagnetic vibration source. In this study, the electromagnetic characteristics of an IPMSM were analyzed through the finite element method to derive the UMF. Vibration and noise analyses were performed by electromagnetic–mechanical coupling analysis, and vibration and noise characteristics based on electromagnetic noise sources were analyzed.

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Ekomasov, S. P. "То the synchronous work of pulsed sources of seismic waves." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-1-75-79.

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Researches have been made with the use of a hydropneumatic source of seismic waves. This source on the realized efforts of the shock interaction with a soil half-space considerably exceeds all known designs of radiators (sources) of pulse type. In this regard it shows higher seismic efficiency. The most important characteristic of the work of the pulse sources of seismic waves is a stability of the response time — a time interval from the moment of giving of a signal for producing of the blow until the very blow. Only with the achievement of the necessary stability the work in the mode of grouping of sources and accumulation of signals is possible. Features of the formation of response time of a hydropneumatic source are given. The analysis of the assessment of the parameters of synchronism of the pulse sources is made by a modem control system of their work. An influence of the rigidity of the soil on the assessment of stability of the response time and synchronism is shown. The system of the assessment of the stability used in the existing pulse sources at its application does not reflect the actual stability of response time in the radiators possessing a big force of blow.

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Soille, P., and P. Vogt. "MORPHOLOGICAL SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS: OPEN SOURCE RELEASE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (August 6, 2022): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-427-2022.

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Abstract. The morphological segmentation of binary patterns provides an effective method for characterising spatial patterns with emphasis on connections between their parts as measured at varying analysis scales. The method is widely used for the analysis of landscape patterns such as those related to the fragmentation of forests or other natural land cover classes. This can be explained by its effectiveness at capturing the complexity of binary patterns and their connections by partitioning the foreground pixels of the corresponding binary images into mutually exclusive classes. While the principles of the method are conceptually simple, the definition of the classes relies on a series of advanced mathematical morphology operations whose actual implementation is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose an open source code for MSPA and detail its main components in the form of pseudo-code. We demonstrate its effectiveness for asynchronous processing of tera-pixel images and the synchronous exploratory analysis and rendering with Jupyter notebooks.

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Zhong, Xu, Runqiu Zhu, Kai Hou, and Weifeng Yuan. "Research on the control technology of self-synchronous voltage source inverter for distributed parallel system." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123101006.

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In this paper, a small signal model based on droop controller is established for the self-synchronous voltage source parallel system. The influence of droop coefficient on system stability is analysed, and the constraint conditions of droop coefficient are given. Based on the analysis of the parallel system of self-synchronous voltage source inverter, a multi-machines parallel control scheme of self-synchronous voltage source inverter is formulated. The model and test platform are built to carry out the parallel simulation and experimental verification of distributed line impedance parameters. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve good dynamic and steady-state power sharing.

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Chen, Yan, Zhiyang Zhou, Yong Zheng, and Lin Zhong. "Modeling and analysis of nonlinear behavior for synchronous switching Z-source topology." IEICE Electronics Express 18, no. 13 (July 10, 2021): 20210209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.18.20210209.

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Jeman, Ameerul A. J., Naeem M. S. Hannoon, Nabil Hidayat, Mohamed M. H. Adam, Ismail Musirin, and Vijayakumar V. "Fault analysis for renewable energy power system in micro-grid distributed generation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1117-1123.

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In distribution system, wind power plants are becoming popular renewable energy sources. It employs Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to generate power based on wind conversion. Short and long transmission lines, presence of faults and presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are highlighted issues in this paper. Basically, this research develops investigations on some electrical variables such as voltage and current to control them. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed in this paper. Wind farm acts as a source while DSTATCOM is connected to the distribution system with a DFIG based wind farm. The controller proposed is DSTATCOM is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are given. A microgrid based small signal analysis is performed in the laboratory using MATLAB and different comparisons are made and simulation case studies are presented and validated.

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Gao, Ben Feng, Jin Liu, Shu Qiang Zhao, and Kun Xu. "Analysis on Sub-Synchronous Damping Characteristic of VSC-HVDC." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2062.

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The study on the HVDC based on voltage-source converter focuses mainly on the control strategy while less on the impact of electrical damping on the adjacent units by VSC-HVDC. The mechanism of VSC-HVDC on inhibiting sub-synchronous oscillation is analyzed theoretically in the respect of its operation principle. Then the complex torque coefficient method realized by time domain simulation-the test signal method, is adopted to investigate the impact of the unit interaction factor, control mode, active power level and reactive power level on the electrical damping on the adjacent units.

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Sreedhar, Jadapalli, and B. Basavaraja. "Plan and analysis of synchronous buck converter for UPS application." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10827.

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DC-DC converters occupies very significant role in the field of industries or daily life applications. To charge batteries of low voltage connected to uninterrupted power supply (UPS), DC-DC converters are needed. Batteries requires low voltage and the available voltage at the source is to be step-down to the required level of voltage at the point of utility (PoU). While designing DC-DC converters, efficiency and simplicity of the circuit is very much important. Simply for the UPS applications, Buck converter can deliver the voltage at required level which is very simple in operation but the increased losses in diode can be addresses by using a synchronous Buck converter. By using synchronous Buck converter, the diode conduction losses in Buck converter can be minimized, thus improving the efficiency of the converter. In this paper, Synchronous Buck converter is used to charge the batteries of UPS. In this paper Design, modeling of synchronous Buck converter for UPS application was done and its results were obtained by using Matlab/Simulink. A hardware prototype was also developed and the hardware results were also shown.

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Marchuk, Roman, Alexander Potapov, and Vladimir Mishin. "Synchronous globally observable ultrashort-period pulses." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-82202207.

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We have studied the properties of impulsive geomagnetic disturbances, which are observed synchronously at the network of induction magnetometers of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP SB RAS) and Canadian stations of the CARISMA project [Mann, et al., 2008]. A feature of the pulses we detected is that their frequency range (f~5–30 Hz) lies at the junction of the ranges of two known classes of electromagnetic oscillations: ultra-low-frequency (ULF) oscillations (f<5–10 Hz), or geomagnetic pulsations, and extra-low frequency (ELF) oscillations (f~30–300 Hz); therefore, the 5–30 Hz range is poorly studied. The work is of undoubted interest for physics of processes in the magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere system. Morphological analysis of the pulses detected has been carried out using data from ISTP stations. As a result, we obtained statistical characteristics of the pulses, plotted their dynamic spectra, and determined a number of unusual properties that distinguish them, on the one hand, from geomagnetic pulsations of the pulsed type (irregular pulsations of the Pi1B type), and, on the other hand, from higher frequency ELF and VLF signals (atmospherics, whistlers, etc.). On the basis of the results, we have made an assumption that a source of the pulses under study can be electrical sprites caused by powerful thunderstorms at middle and low latitudes. Using the results obtained by Wang, et al. in 2019 on spatial and temporal fixation of sprites in North China, we have confirmed that ultra-short-period pulses occur following the emergence of sprites. Thunderstorm activity, both local and global, is considered to be one of the main sources of excitation of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR), which plays an important role in coupling the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. The pulsed oscillations of interest may be one of the agents through which the energy of thunderstorms is transferred to IAR, thereby including the atmosphere in the system considered.

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Hannoon, Naeem M. S., V. Vijayakumar, K. Vengatesan, and Nabil Hidayat. "Small Signal Fault Analysis for Renewable Energy (Wind) Power System Distributed Generation by Using MATLAB Software (Simulink)." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7765.

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In distribution system, wind power plants are becoming popular renewable energy sources. It employs Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to generate power constructed on wind conversion. Short and long transmission lines, presence of faults and presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are highlighted issues in this paper. Basically, this research develops investigations on some electrical variables such as voltage and current to control them. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed in this paper. Wind farm acts as a source while DSTATCOM is associated with the distribution system with a DFIG based wind farm. The controller proposed is DSTATCOM is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are given. A microgrid based small signal analysis is performed in the laboratory using MATLAB and different comparisons are made and simulation case studies are presented and validated.

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14

Jeman, Ameerul A. J., Naeem M. S. Hannoon, Nabil Hidayat, Mohamed M. H. Adam, Ismail Musirin, and Vijayakumar V. "Small signal fault analysis for renewable energy (Wind) power system distributed generation by using MATLAB software (Simulink)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1337-1344.

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In distribution system, wind power plants are becoming popular renewable energy sources. It employs Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to generate power based on wind conversion. Short and long transmission lines, presence of faults and presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are highlighted issues in this paper. Basically, this research develops investigations on some electrical variables such as voltage and current to control them. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed in this paper. Wind farm acts as a source while DSTATCOM is connected to the distribution system with a DFIG based wind farm. The controller proposed is DSTATCOM is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are given. A microgrid based small signal analysis is performed in the laboratory using MATLAB and different comparisons are made and simulation case studies are presented and validated.

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Senulis, Audrius, Eleonora Guseinovienė, Viktoras Cirtautas, Valdas Jankūnas, and Lionė Urmonienė. "Control Efficiency Analysis of Linear Oscillating Mechatronic Device." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.197.

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This paper deals with the control efficiency analysis of the linear oscillating mechatronic device (linear oscillating synchronous motor–compressor). These mechatronic devices can be controlled by using thyristor control [1, 4], square-wave voltage [2, 3], ect. There is analyzed the case, when square-wave voltage pulses’ frequency is changed and so the piston stroke duration time is reduced. The control of piston stroke changes the energetic parameters of the mechatronic device. This type of controlling has one disadvantage – it needs a DC voltage source. The pulsating voltage control is based on thyristor control system and does not have the previously mentioned disadvantage, because uses the AC voltage source, but both control ways have influence to the energetic parameters due to higher harmonics. The analysis of the chosen mechatronic device (open-loop tests) is based on comparing the modeling and experimental results with respect to power losses, simplicity of the control, power factor and disturbances to the supply system. These results are important for the optimal design of the drive with oscillating synchronous pulsating current motors and the selection of control type for the different type of load.

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Singh, Alka. "Performance Analysis of a Shunt Compensator Controlled Using Modified Synchronous Reference Theory." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2014 (August 7, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392187.

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This paper deals with the control of distribution energy resource (DER) connected to a grid connected system feeding nonlinear loads. The DER is controlled to provide power quality improvement capabilities, namely, power factor correction, harmonic reduction, and load balancing. The developed controller is based on modification of synchronous reference theory. It possesses unique features such as filtration and fundamental voltage extraction from the polluted grid voltages to eliminate harmonics and unbalance. Additionally, the control is implemented over the square of DC link voltage. The distributed generation source is realized as a voltage source converter. Both simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of control algorithm with nonlinear loads. The control algorithm works well for power factor correction, harmonic reduction, and operation under unbalanced load condition. The dynamics of the system under load change and load unbalancing are well depicted.

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Ragab, Ahmed, Yang Liu, Kangmin Hu, Patrick Chiang, and Samuel Palermo. "Receiver Jitter Tracking Characteristics in High-Speed Source Synchronous Links." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/982314.

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High-speed links which employ source synchronous clocking architectures have the ability to track correlated jitter between clock and data channels up to high frequencies. However, system timing margins are degraded by channel skew between clock and data signals and high-frequency loss. This paper describes how these key channel effects impact the jitter performance and influence the clocking architecture of high-speed source synchronous links. Tradeoffs in complexity and jitter tracking performance of common per-channel de-skew circuits are discussed, along with how band-pass filtering can be leveraged to provide additional jitter filtering at the receiver. Jitter tolerance analysis for a 10 Gb/s system shows that a near all-pass delay-locked loop (DLL) and phase-interpolator- (PI-) based de-skew performs best under low skew conditions, while, at high skew, architectures which leverage band-pass clock filtering or a phase-locked loop (PLL) for increased jitter filtering are more suitable. De-skew based on injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) offer a reduced complexity design and competitive jitter tolerance over a wide skew range.

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Saravanan, Ragavan, and P. S. Manoharan. "Performance Analysis of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality Improvement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.690.

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The Unified Power Quality Conditioner plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from a source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. This article is presented new control approaches for both series and shunt inverter. The proposed control algorithm for series and shunt converters based on FLC and synchronous reference frame theory respectively. The proposed approach eliminates the total harmonic distortions (THD) efficiently, and mitigates sag and swell present in the linear and nonlinear loads.

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Vetoshkin, Lavr, and Zdeněk Müller. "A Comparative Analysis of a Power System Stability with Virtual Inertia." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113277.

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The paper investigates the stability of a power system with synchronverters. A synchronverter is a control strategy for voltage source converters that introduces virtual inertia by mimicking synchronous machines. The authors picked a commonly known IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 39 bus test case systems for the test case studies. The paper presents the power system’s modal analysis with Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) controlled as synchronverters, vector control, or Rate of Change of Frequency-based Virtual Synchronous Generator, thus comparing different approaches to VSC control. The first case study compares selected control algorithms, the IEEE 9 bus system, with one VSC in the paper. The results demonstrate the benefits of synchronverters over other control strategies. The system with synchronverters has a higher minimal damping ratio, which is proven to be the case by numerical simulations. In the second case study, the effects of virtual inertia placement were investigated. The computations showed that placement is indeed important, however, the control strategy is as important. Besides, the system with synchronverters exhibits better stability characteristics. The paper demonstrates that the application of synchronverters is feasible and can meet the demand for algorithms that bring the benefits of virtual inertia.

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Beliy, V. B. "ANALYSIS OF OVERVOLTAGE POSSIBILITY ON THE EXCITATION WINDING OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR OF AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN CASE OF EXTERNAL SYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 11 (2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-205-11-112-115.

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Reliable supply of consumers with electric energy largely depends on the reliability of power source function-ing. In the context of this paper it depends on synchronous generators operating in autonomous power supply sys-tems. In contrast to the power plant generators which are part of power systems and are protected from the loads by sufficiently large resistances, power supply systems withautonomous generators are characterized by rather low resistances. Abrupt changes in the supply load parameters, their own transient and emergency modes, for example, short circuits at the generator terminals, forcing excitation, etc. may lead to various failures in the synchronous gener-ator operation. This paper discusses the possibility of over-voltage in the valve excitation system of a synchronous generator with external three-phase short circuits. On the basis of analytical expressions describing the physical pro-cesses occurring in the excitation system of synchronous generators, the conditions for the occurrence of overvolt-ages are identified

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Vatrushkina, E. V., M. I. Tuchkova, and S. D. Sokolov. "Suprasubduction volcanism of Chukotka terrane in the late jurassic– early cretaceous (Arctic region, Russia)." Геотектоника, no. 6 (November 17, 2019): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-853x2019678-91.

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Abstract The age and geodynamic position of the volcanic source of the Upper JurassicLower Cretaceous deposits of Western Chukotka were determined. Products of synchronous volcanism were revealed by detailed lithological studies. Following sedimentological analysis results we established an admixture of pyroclastic material in the Oxford-Kimmeridgian deposits of the Chukotka microcontinent, indicating the effect of synchronous volcanism on sedimentation. It was shown that the source of pyroclastic material was the intraoceanic Kulpolney island arc, which existed in the northern part of the Proto-Arctic Ocean.The accumulation of the Tithonian‒ Valanginian deposits occurred in the back-arc basin at the edge of Chukotka microcontinent. Characteristics of the Tithonian‒ Berriasian sandstones are given, which contain significant proportion of ash material in the matrix, as well as lithoclasts and monomineral grains of volcanic origin, predominant in the clasts. With the use of geochemical analysis of volcanic pebbles, the presence of the differentiated series from basaltic andesites to rhyolites in the volcanic source is proved. The suprasubduction origin of the volcanic source is established. The cessation of volcanic activity in Valangin era is confirmed by lack of presence of synchronous pyroclastic material and an insignificant amount of volcanic clasts in Valanginian sandstones. The obtained data of UPb isotope dating of zircons isolated from the Tithonian-Valanginian sandstones and andesite pebbles of the Tithonian conglomerates made it possible to determine the time for the existence of suprasubduction volcanism on the Chukotka margin in the period of 150140 Ma.

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Osheba, S. M., and F. M. Abdel-Kader. "Performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors. II. Operation from variable source and transient characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.73793.

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Himei, Toyoji, Shigeyuki Funabiki, Yoshiaki Agari, and Minoru Okada. "Analysis of Voltage Source Inverter-Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Taking Account of Converter Performance." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-21, no. 1 (January 1985): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.1985.349705.

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Bharatiraja, C., P. Sanjeevikumar, Aganti Mahes, Ayushi Saxena, K. Padmapriya, B. K. Mithra, AS Swathimala, and S. Raghu. "Analysis, Design and Investigation on a New Single-Phase Switched Quasi Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp853-860.

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This paper addresses the approach to improve the efficiency of the quasi Z-source inverter. In order to increase the efficiency the reduction of conduction losses is one way to approach. Sequentially to decrease the conduction losses in the quasi z-source inverter the replacement of diode is replacing with switches is proposed which is also called as synchronous rectification. The paper represents basics of the approach, analysis and comparison of the power losses of the traditional and proposed designs of the grid connected PV-system with quasi z-source inverter system. The proposed approach validated on the computer simulations in the MATLAB environment.

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Aziz, R., G. J. Atkinson, and S. Salimin. "Thermal Modelling for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1903-1912.

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It is important to predict the temperature in some of the essential parts in machine design to prevent the machine from any damage. Most researchers usually not given much attention on thermal analysis during machine design as much as the electromagnet design. Therefore, in this study, two types of thermal modelling were proposed to predict the temperature of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Infolytica ThermNet software has been used since the software is related to Infolytica Magnet and the losses obtained from the electromagnetic field analysis are used as the heat source in the thermal analysis. Comparison has been done between the predicted temperature from lumped parameter model and finite element analysis. The results also will be validated by using experimental setup. Since Infolytica Magnet has been used to analyse the electromagnetic output therefore finite element analysis model is the better choice.

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P Vinod Kumar, S Venkateshwarlu, and SS Tulasi Ram. "Analysis of torque ripples and switching losses of a diode clamped inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.11.3.0096.

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The modern-day electric vehicles use brush less DC motors (BLDC) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) as the main driving units. The traction systems also have tried PMSM machine as the driving unit. The variable frequency power source is required to control the speed and torque of the motor to meet the load requirements. The Inverter – power modulator is causing the production of ripples in source current and flux components, hence the torque. This paper presents the effect of inverter on the flux and torque ripples. Also, the simulation results of inverter switching losses are discussed.

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Prasad, Miska, and Ashok Kumar Akella. "Comparison of DSTATCOM Performance for Voltage Sag Alleviation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i2.pp305-316.

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This paper describes the comparative analysis of three different control techniques of distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) controller called as distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM), aimed at power quality (PQ) enhancement in terms of voltage sag mitigation in a three-phase four-wire (3p4w) distribution system. A DSTATCOM is one of the major power quality improvement devices which consist of a DC energy source, a voltage source inverter (VSI), a filter, a coupling transformer and the control system. The control strategy based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory, instantaneous active and reactive current (IARC) theory and propositional-integral (PI) controller has been used for reference current generation of voltage source inverter (VSI) based DSTATCOM. The SRF, IARC and PI control based DSTATCOM is validated through dynamic simulation in a MATLAB\SIMULINK environment under linear as well as nonlinear loads.

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Xue, Yicheng, Guoteng Wang, Zheren Zhang, and Zheng Xu. "Mechanism analysis and mitigation strategies for oscillatory instability of synchronous generators affected by voltage source converters." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 16, no. 4 (October 23, 2021): 750–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12326.

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Yu, Oscar, Cheng-Wei Chen, Chih-Shen Yeh, and Jih-Sheng Lai. "Design and Analysis of High-Voltage Blocking in Drain–Source Synchronous Rectifier Controllers for kV Operation." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 4406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2019.2951631.

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Feng, Li. "Thermal Property Analysis of Precision Machinery and Its Thermal Error Compensation." International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400420.

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The machining error caused by the thermal deformation of machines or tools accounts for half or even more in the total error, and the machining precision could be improved by stabilizing the heat balance of the process system. However, few of the existing studies have concerned about the thermal deformation law caused by the high-speed self-feed spindle system that could meet the performance requirements of high-speed cutting in precision machining, therefore, it’s of great necessity to study the thermal properties of precision machinery. For this reason, this paper took the precision machinery with a high-speed self-feed spindle system as the subject to study its thermal properties and thermal error compensation. At first, this paper introduced the composition of the precision machining control system and analyzed the thermal properties of the subject. Then, the heat source and heat exchange forms of the precision machinery were analyzed, the thermal intensity of the internal and external heat sources during the machining process was calculated, and the corresponding thermal boundary conditions were given. After that, this paper divided the heat sources of the subject during high-speed cutting into two types: internal heat source and external environment heat source, and carried out analysis. Moreover, this paper gave the structure of a thermal error and temperature synchronous measurement system for precision machinery, integrated the features of the thermal error data of two groups of high-speed cutting process, and built a thermal error compensation model based on the Bayesian network. At last, experimental results verified the effectiveness of the model.

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Dziechciarz, Arkadiusz, Aron Popp, Claudia Marțiș, and Maciej Sułowicz. "Analysis of NVH Behavior of Synchronous Reluctance Machine for EV Applications." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082785.

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In this paper, an analysis of noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine for EV applications is performed. The analyzed machine was designed for electric vehicle application. The noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine were first estimated during simulations; next, the obtained results were validated during laboratory tests. The analyzed model of the machine was simplified and included only stator core as it was assumed to be the main source of the machine vibration and generated noise. To simulate the noise and vibration of the machine, multiphysics modeling of the machine was performed. Laboratory tests proved the correctness of performed simulations. The obtained results allowed us to investigate the influence of the machine’s operating point on the generated noise and vibration. The frequency of the magnetic radial forces were proven to be the dominant factor in noise generation. The influence of the load and current angle on the machine’s noise and vibration was proven to be negligible. It was also proven that considering only the stator structure in numerical analysis of the noise and vibration of the machine leads to valuable results.

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Mu, Xian Min, Feng Chun Liu, Guan Lin Li, and Xi You Chen. "Single Stage Push-Pull Forward Inverter of PV Power Source." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1359.

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This paper proposed a single stage inverter for PhotoVoltaic(PV). The inverter is a push-pull forward converter employed synchronous rectifier technique. The push-pull forward converter is used to convert the photovoltaic battery output voltage into high frequency SPWM square wave, and the rectifier circuit is used to change the polarity of the isolation high frequency transformer output SPWM wave. For improve performance of the inverter in both the command tracking and the load disturbance regulation, a PID control strategy is realized by using the TMS320LF28335 DSP. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed topology and control scheme are promising for the applications of PV power supply.

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Gokhale, Satyajit, Alexi Turcotte, and Frank Tip. "Automatic migration from synchronous to asynchronous JavaScript APIs." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (October 20, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485537.

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The JavaScript ecosystem provides equivalent synchronous and asynchronous Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for many commonly used I/O operations. Synchronous APIs involve straightforward sequential control flow that makes them easy to use and understand, but their "blocking" behavior may result in poor responsiveness or performance. Asynchronous APIs impose a higher syntactic burden that relies on callbacks, promises, and higher-order functions. On the other hand, their nonblocking behavior enables applications to scale better and remain responsive while I/O requests are being processed. While it is generally understood that asynchronous APIs have better performance characteristics, many applications still rely on synchronous APIs. In this paper, we present a refactoring technique for assisting programmers with the migration from synchronous to asynchronous APIs. The technique relies on static analysis to determine where calls to synchronous API functions can be replaced with their asynchronous counterparts, relying on JavaScript's async/await feature to minimize disruption to the source code. Since the static analysis is potentially unsound, the proposed refactorings are presented as suggestions that must be reviewed and confirmed by the programmer. The technique was implemented in a tool named Desynchronizer. In an empirical evaluation on 12 subject applications containing 316 synchronous API calls, Desynchronizer identified 256 of these as candidates for refactoring. Of these candidates, 244 were transformed successfully, and only 12 resulted in behavioral changes. Further inspection of these cases revealed that the majority of these issues can be attributed to unsoundness in the call graph.

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Lu, Xiaoting, Yang Li, and Zailiang Chen. "Temperature Field Analysis and Cooling Structure Design of Ironless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 15, no. 1 (February 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096514666211123090446.

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Objective: Ironless, permanent magnet, synchronous linear (IPMSL) motors are applied widely in precision servo control for the nonexistence of cogging forces and comparatively small fluctuations in thrust and speed. Method: The air and water cooling structures are designed by assuming the heat loss in the motor operations is the source for the distribution of the temperature field in the analysis under natural cooling. Conclusion: The temperature fields of the linear motor under the two cooling modes are compared and analyzed, which helps monitor the temperature of linear motors during development and operations.

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El-Drieny, S., M. El-Shamoty, and A. Amin. "Analysis of Linear Synchronous Motor Fed with Current Source Inverter at High Speeds and Low Speeds.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 14, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.172232.

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Parfianowicz, Kamil. "Comparative analysis of multilevel voltage source inverters used to supply a five-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2022.10.17.

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Osheba, S. M., and F. M. Abdel-Kader. "Performance and Analysis of Permanent Magnet synchronous Motors Part II: Operation from Variable Source and Transient Characteristics." IEEE Power Engineering Review 11, no. 3 (March 1991): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1991.88793.

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Sirisha, Bogimi, and Mohd Abdul Nazeemuddin. "A novel five-level voltage source inverter interconnected to grid with srf controller for voltage synchronization." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i1.3274.

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Power utilization from renewable sources with efficient modules is very vital. Maitaining harmonics below specific standard during grid interconnection is also a major objective. A novel five-level voltage source inverter which is controlled by synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller for grid interconnection and synchronized power injection. The input of the converter is integrated with renewable energy source photovoltaic arrays (PVA) for the injection of renewable power into the grid. For constant voltage input, the PVAs are connected to a booster converter controlled by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The design is analyzed with different operating conditions by changing the load type (static and dynamic) using MATLAB/Simulink software. Graphical comparisons are taken for the analysis with the help of ‘powergui’ toolbox available in the software.

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Foster, Glen E., Brooke M. Shafer, and Conan Shing. "An open-source application for the standardized burst identification from the integrated muscle sympathetic neurogram." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 1831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00397.2021.

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The basic analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) requires the identification of pulse-synchronous bursts from the integrated neurogram before standard MSNA metrics can be quantified. This process is a time-consuming task requiring an experienced microneurographer to visually identify and manually label bursts. We developed an open-source, cross-platform application permitting a standardized approach for sympathetic burst identification and present the performance of this application against a manual scorer under basal conditions and during sympathoexcitatory stresses.

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Zhao, Ying Jie, Ming Chang Li, Guang Lou Li, and Yuan Yuan Cao. "Time Series Correlation Analysis of Pollution in Marine Environment Waters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.52.

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The correlation analysis of pollution time series is an essential tool for obtaining the relationship in adjacent marine waters and the source of pollution. In this paper, the correlation of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Caofeidian marine district and the Beidaihe marine district, Tangshan Bay is analyzed. The spearman correlation coefficient computation method and the least squares fitting method are used for the correlation and the trend respectively. The research results show that the trend of DIN is on the rise in recently. Simultaneously, some certain correlation exists in the Caofeidian marine district and the Beidaihe marine district, owing to the adjacent characteristics and synchronous development in this district.

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Bills, Bruce G., and Adrian J. Brown. "Influence of Energy Dissipation on Spin Pole Precession Trajectories for Synchronous Rotators." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac3c4b.

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Abstract We present an analysis of the influence of tidal energy dissipation on the precessional motion of the spin pole of a synchronously rotating body, whose orbit pole is also precessing. In the absence of dissipation, this problem has been frequently analyzed in a Hamiltonian context. The Cassini states, or fixed points of the motion of the spin pole, correspond to tangent intersections of the Hamiltonian function with the unit sphere. When dissipation is added to the dynamics, the locations of the fixed points change. We present a new geometrical characterization of the nullclines of the dissipative flow, or motion of the spin pole, and use it to find the locations of the dissipative fixed points. Using the Poincaré−Hopf index theorem, we show that in the case where there are four fixed points, one is a saddle, and depending on the sign of the dissipation rate parameter, the other three comprise either two sources and one sink or one source and two sinks. We also examine the domains of attraction of the sinks and present an analysis of their stability to initial conditions and model parameters.

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Hussain, Ali Nasser, Ahmed Jadaan Ali, and Firas Saaduldeen Ahmed. "Power quality improvement based on hybrid coordinated design of renewable energy sources for DC link channel DSTATCOM." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5108-5122.

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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power quality for static synchronous compensator on the distribution power system (DSTATCOM) when a different types of energy sources are used to supply the dc link channel of DSTATCOM. These types of power supplies have a different effect on the compensation of DSTATCOM due to operation nature of these sources. The dynamic response of the DSTATCOM has been investigated that produced by individual and hybrid energy sources to evaluate the influence of these sources in terms of time response, compensation process and reduce the harmonics of current for source. Three cases have been considered in this study. First the photovoltaic (PV) cells alone second the battery storage alone and third a hybrid coordinated design between (PV cells with battery storage) is used. A boost Dc-Dc circuit has been connected to a photovoltaic cell with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) while a Dc-Dc buck-boost circuit is used with a battery. High coordination between PV and battery circuits in the hybrid system is used in order to improve the performance. A synchronous reference frame (SRF) with unit vector has been used to control the STATCOM circuit. The simulation results show that the hybrid design has the superiority response compared to the individual sources.

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Garcia, Catherine R., Stacey A. Slone, William H. St Clair, Eric B. Durbin, Thomas Pittman, Donita D. Lightner, and John L. Villano. "Risk factors for synchronous brain metastases: A National Cancer Database analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13591-e13591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13591.

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e13591 Background: Brain metastases (BM) are a significant source of disability and mortality in cancer patients. Investigations on the risk factors for their development are limited. We provide risk factors assessment using the largest cancer database. Methods: We analyzed the National Cancer Database from 2010-2014, for risk factors and survival outcomes in all patients with BM. Results: 4,650,963 tumor records were analyzed of which 88,274 were BM. Lung cancer accounted for 82.2%, breast cancer for 4.2%, melanoma for 3.5%, and urinary system tumors for 3.1% of cases. The majority of patients were males (51.6%), and whites (84.2%) with a median age of 65 years. A high index of comorbidities [Charlson-Deyo score (CDS) ≥3] was reported in 3.5% of patients. Lung primaries had the highest risk of BM (OR of 17.867), followed by melanoma (OR 1.946). Patients diagnosed at 70 years or older were less likely to present with BM, while patients diagnosed between 40 and 60 years were at increased risk. Other and unknown race were associated with an increased risk of BM compared to whites. Patients with a CDS of one or two had a decreased risk of presenting with BM compared to patients with scores greater or equal to three. Median overall survival was 5 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 5.2%. There was a decreasing risk of mortality, and increasing risk of receiving surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy per advancing year of diagnosis. Older age, white race, Hispanic origin, and higher CDS were risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Higher number of comorbidities, younger age at diagnosis, and other races were associated with an higher risk of synchronous BM. The risk of mortality is decreasing, with a higher risk of receiving radiation, surgery, and/or chemotherapy. Median overall survival has increased in comparison to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Recursive Partitioning Analysis RPA studies (4.4 months).

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Chen, Tao, Yuedou Pan, and Zhanbo Xiong. "A Hybrid System Model-Based Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis Method of Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters for PMSM Drive Systems." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081251.

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This paper presents an open-circuit (OC) fault diagnosis method of three-phase voltage-source inverters (VSIs) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems based on the hybrid system model (HSM). On the basis of phase voltage analysis, the HSM of the PMSM-inverter system was established, which can describe the system more accurately. To quickly diagnose whether the fault occurs, a current estimator was constructed based on the healthy HSM. Different fault types of the VSI can be simulated synchronously by the HSM, and the similarity between each simulated fault type and the actual one is evaluated based on the Euclidean distance method. Therefore, the fault isolation can be carried out according to the characteristics of Euclidean distances. The proposed method has the advantages of fast diagnosis speed and strong robustness, and it does not require additional sensors. By the presented diagnosis algorithm, the fault can be detected and isolated within a time interval about 5% and 10% of the current fundamental wave period, respectively. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Wang, Sheng-Ching, Yu-Cheng Nien, and San-Ming Huang. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design and Analysis of V-Shape Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 3496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103496.

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Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are the main source of power in modern machine tools and are required to generate a high torque over a wide speed range in order to improve manufacturing efficiency. This study sets out to optimize the rotor design of a PMSM with a rated power, rated speed, rated torque and maximum speed of 34 kW, 2250 rpm, 144.3 N·m and 11,250 rpm, respectively. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to determine the rotor design parameters which maximize the output torque of the PMSM over three different load conditions (no load, rated load and maximum speed load). ANSYS multi-physics simulations are conducted to examine the electromagnetic, the structural field, temperature/flow field, demagnetization parament analysis and map analysis of global characteristics of the optimized PMSM. In general, the results show that the optimized PMSM provides a high torque and high-speed expansion performance, and thus facilitates a wide range of applications from low-speed heavy cutting to high-speed cutting without the need to replace the motor or machine tool.

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Chen, Yuqing, Jie Ma, and Yan Fang. "Mechanism modeling and analysis of surplus torque in aeroload simulator." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500051.

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Aeroload simulator (ALS) is an important hardware-in-loop simulation equipment. In ALS system, surplus torque is the main cause of loading error. And the elimination of surplus torque has become research hotspot for a while, but study about cause of surplus torque has not made much progress. In this paper, a theory about the origin and mechanism modeling method of surplus torque is raised and the model is simulated based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system. Validity of newly launched model is proved by comparison with initial model and the source of error is analyzed afterwards. Moreover, to determine control strategy for eliminating loading error, influential factors of surplus torque are analyzed based on the mechanism model.

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Li, Wenfan, Xuxuan Chen, and Man Li. "Equivalent Modeling of a Direct-Drive Wind Farm Based on the Measured Data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012045.

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Abstract In view of the difference between the wind speed and the actual wind speed in the example, the wind farm with fifteen direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motors draws the recorded wind speed data on the coordinates of time and wind speed by linear regression to group the change trend. Secondly, the detailed model of wind farm is built in PSCAD, and the multi-machine equivalent model of wind farm is built by the control current source replacing the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the control part. Finally, the simulation analysis shows that the equivalent model reduces the simulation time and accurately reflects the dynamic and transient properties of the wind farm.

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Gopinath, C., C. Yaashuwanth, R. Ramesh, J. R. Maglin, and T. Ajith Bosco Raj. "Analysis and Mathematical Model for Restitution of Voltage Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/845873.

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Voltage sag and swell have a major concern in the distribution systems. In order to mitigate the voltage sag and swell, a custom power device called dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used. The proposed system is a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell based DVR. The energy from the fuel cell is stored in the super capacitor to restitute the voltage. In this proposed DVR, Z-source inverter is used instead of traditional inverter because of buck-boost and shoot through capability. The simulation is performed using three controller topologies: PI controller, synchronous reference frame controller and fuzzy controller and the results are verified using Matlab-Simulink environment.

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Hirase, Yuko, Yuki Ohara, Naoya Matsuura, and Takeaki Yamazaki. "Dynamics Analysis Using Koopman Mode Decomposition of a Microgrid Including Virtual Synchronous Generator-Based Inverters." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154581.

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In the field of microgrids (MGs), steady-state power imbalances and frequency/voltage fluctuations in the transient state have been gaining prominence owing to the advancing distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to MGs via grid-connected inverters. Because a stable, safe power supply and demand must be maintained, accurate analyses of power system dynamics are crucial. However, the natural frequency components present in the dynamics make analyses complex. The nonlinearity and confidentiality of grid-connected inverters also hinder controllability. The MG considered in this study consisted of a synchronous generator (the main power source) and multiple grid-connected inverters with storage batteries and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. Although smart inverter controls such as VSG contribute to system stabilization, they induce system nonlinearity. Therefore, Koopman mode decomposition (KMD) was utilized in this study for consideration as a future method of data-driven analysis of the measured frequencies and voltages, and a frequency response analysis of the power system dynamics was performed. The Koopman operator is a linear operator on an infinite dimensional space, whereas the original dynamics is a nonlinear map on a finite state space. In other words, the proposed method can precisely analyze all the dynamics of the power system, which involve the complex nonlinearities caused by VSGs.

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Roy, Suchismita, Pradeep Kumar Sahu, and Satyaranjan Jena. "Analysis and control strategy of standalone PV system with various reference frames." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0371.

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Abstract Renewable energy sources like solar power are the more convenient source of renewable energy. Nowadays, increasing the energy demand may create many disturbances in power system distribution. To overcome the necessity of power demand, all are focusing on generation of more energy from clean technologies with increased development in power distribution systems using the renewable energy sources. This work aims to propose a standalone PV system with an LCL filter, with two cascaded feedback control loops with an appropriate controller for three reference frame. This work concerns the topology for three reference frames such as synchronous, standalone, and natural reference frames with the respective controllers (PI and PR). The topology contains two cascaded feedback control loops such as DC-link voltage control loop (PI) cascaded with the internal current loop (PI and PR). These commonly used controllers are implemented in various well-known reference frames for the PV system and their steady-state performance is also evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion. Finally, the simulation results from a two-stage 5.5 kW, 440 V (L–L), three-phase standalone PV system are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the control schemes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Source Synchronous Analysis'

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