Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Source latérale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 18 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Source latérale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rios, Mora Juan Sebastian. "Optimisation de la gestion de l’impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l’air intérieur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS035.
Full textPolluted sites and most precisely vapor intrusion represents a potential risk for human health and its environment. Various screening-level and analytical models have been proposed in order to evaluate vapor intrusion and provide assessment tools for exposure risk. However, some in situ investigations show significant differences between predicted and measured indoor concentrations leading eventually to misleading conclusions and inappropriate solution implementations. These uncertainties are mainly associated with a poor characterization of the site, an incomplete modeling of transfer pathways and mechanisms, or by neglecting certain influencing parameters on this transfer. For example, ignoring the lateral source/building separation may serve as possible explanation of the uncertainties presented by the conventional models based on a homogeneous source distribution assumption. The authors agree that lateral migration plays an important role in the attenuation of the indoor concentration. In homogeneous or continuous source scenarios vapors may migrate mainly vertically towards the building. However, lateral source may promote lateral migration to the atmosphere and less into the building generating a greater attenuation of the indoor concentration. In this context, the main objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the improvement of the assessment and management risk tools in order to improve the accuracy of their estimations and increase their range of application. To do this, new vapor intrusion models are developed considering the lateral source/building separation. These models are built on a numerical experimentation and dimensionless analysis based on existing models (semi-empirical models considering a homogeneous source distribution). The combination of these two approaches allows, on the one hand, to maintain the aptitude of the existing models to consider the physical properties of the soil (permeability, diffusion coefficient, …) and the characteristics of the building (type of construction, building depression, volume,…), and on the other hand, to better precise the position of the source in the soil taking into account the influence of the lateral source/building separation in the estimations. From a comparative analysis, the accuracy of these new expressions is verified comparing to the proposed numerical model (CFD), experimental data and existing models in the literature. Finally, the proposed expressions were coupled with a ventilation code (MATHIS-QAI) allowing to better specify indoor characteristics (ventilation system, air permeability of the envelope, volume of the building, …) and estimate indoor air concentration levels as a function of environmental variations (wind speed, outside temperature, …) over time. From a parametric study it was shown that despite the significant impact of the characteristics of the building, the influence of the lateral source/building separation remains predominant on the attenuation of the indoor concentration (attenuation of several orders of magnitude when the source is laterally offset of the building compared to a homogeneous source). However, specifying the characteristics of the building (construction type, ventilation system, air permeability, …) and weather conditions may increase the accuracy of the estimation avoiding the implementation of extreme solutions or insufficient actions
Fergani, Anissa. "Altérations métaboliques dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13132.
Full textLangou, Karine. "Développement de nouveaux modèles expérimentaux de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22033.
Full textALS is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of motor neurons. A mutation in VAPB protein has been associated with ALS. VAPB, an endoplamic reticulum (ER) resident protein is proposed to play a role in protein transport and in the unfolded protein response. To manipulate VAPB (hVAPBwt and hVAPBp56s) expression in motor neurons in vitro, I used the viral gene transfer technology. hVAPBp56s induces selective motor neuron death which involved an ER-related pathway dependent on calcium signals. Studies on Cos-7 cells showed that hVAPBwt and hVAPBp56s impair the proteasome activity through the activation of ER stress and the sequestration of the 20S subnit. Moreover, we developed transgenic mice overxpressing hVAPBp56s which do not display any motor disorder
Bocquet, Arnaud. "Régulation du cytosquelette neuronal par les neurofilaments." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0514.
Full textWe showed that neurofilament (NF) redistributions profoundly alter the neuronal cytoskeleton : 1) the abnormal NF aggregation characterizing NFH-LacZ transgenic mice and patients affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, induced the co-aggregation of STOP proteins through a direct STOP/NF interaction (article 1 & 2). 2) NF bind directly unpolymerized tubulin, and as a consequence, the absence of NF in axons of NFH-LacZ transgenic mice allows all the tubulin to polymerize into microtubules (MT). Peptides corresponding to these interaction sites strongly alter the polymerization of MT (article 3 & patent). 3) When NF are sequestered in the cell body, their amount is strongly reduced via an increased sensitivity to proteases. Some of them are co-sequestered in the cell body (article 4). If these properties can be generalized to other intermediate filaments, it will open new perspectives on the cytoskeletal dynamics in general. The prodution of new transgenic models (NFH-GFP (article 5), or GFP-Tubulin) will allow such investigations
Jokic, Natasa. "Etude du rôle de nogo dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique : Validation d'un marqueur moléculaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13052.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. The objective of my PhD was to analyse the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in the loss of motor neurons. In this context, we carried out the studies conducted in our laboratory on the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo identified as potential marker of ALS disease. Different isoforms of Nogo exhibit a specific pattern of expression in the muscle biopsies of ALS patients. Our studies showed that the protein levels of Nogo-A and Nogo-B correlated with the severity of clinical disability and with the mean area of oxidative fibres. In addition, the Nogo-A immunoreactivity was observed selectively in atrophic oxidative muscle fibres of ALS patients. These results suggest that Nogo-A and Nogo-B are the markers of disease severity. In order to characterise the function of Nogo-A in the pathology we crossbred the G86R ALS transgenic mice with the Nogo-A (Nogo-A-/-) knock-out mice. The life span G86R/ Nogo-A-/-was significantly increased. In order to determine if the muscular expression of Nogo-A as we observed in the muscle biopsies of ALS patients and in the muscle of G86R mice was sufficient to provoke destabilisation of neuromuscular junction (NMJ), we performed electrotransfer of a plasmid carrying Nogo-A gene into the soleus muscle of wild type mice. We observed that the morphology of the NMJ was affected by ectopic expression of Nogo-A. In conclusion, our results suggest that the muscle participates to the development of ALS
Milan, Lea. "Physiopathologie de la sclérose latérale amyotropique : implication des systèmes neuromodulateurs dans les réseaux moteurs spinaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0294/document.
Full textNeuromodulatory systems play a crucial role in the establishment and regulation ofspinal motor networks to finely adjust the locomotor rhythm and pattern to the internal andexternal constraints. It is now well admitted that alterations in neuromodulatory functions areinvolved in diverse neurologic disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerativedisease characterized by the specific loss of cortical and spinal motor neurons. A growingbody of evidence now suggests that although ALS syndromes occur in adulthood, alterationscan be detected as early as at the embryonic stages in the spinal cord of the rodent model ofALS, the SOD1 mouse. In this context, we hypothesized that early alterations in the spinalneuromodulatory systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of ALS. To answer thisquestion, in a first step, we compared the monoaminergic modulation of spinal network byrecording extracellularly the fictive locomotion produced in the in vitro spinal cordpreparation form newborn wild-type and SOD1 mice. By combining extra- intracellularrecordings with immunohistochemical and cellular biology technics, we aimed, in a secondstep, to investigate the cholinergic synapses arising onto motoneurons and their neuronalsource, the lamina X interneurons as a function of the mouse age. Finally, we initiated (1) aninnovative behavioural study of mouse motor habits and (2) an analysis of the synapticplasticity of glutamatergic synapses imping on motoneurons in culture. Altogether, our datademonstrated early and progressive changes of the major spinal neuromodulatory systems:cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic. Our data show for the first time that: (1) M2receptors undergo a complex dynamic under C-bouton that is completely disturbed in SOD1motoneurons and (2) motoneurons are not the only cellular subtype to degenerate in SOD1mice. Indeed, we found evidence that neurodegenerative processes also target lamina Xcholinergic interneurons in the SOD1 spinal cord
Pambo-Pambo, Arnaud Brice. "Etude du développement postnatal des motoneurones lombaires de deux souches de souris transgéniques, modèles de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20716.
Full textThe SOD1 murine models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) allowed major progress in the understanding of mechanisms which could lead to a selective loss of motoneurons (Mns), but these models display differences in the severity and time course of the disease. Changes in intrinsic properties of motoneurons may induce changes in excitability and intracellular calcium homeostasis leading to motoneuron death.Therefore, we studied electrophysiological properties of lumbar Mns from SOD1G85R and SOD1G93A mice, low expressor lines, during the first two postnatal weeks in order to identify possible early presymptomatic abnormalities. Our studies were carried out on two in vitro preparations: the whole isolated spinal cord and acute spinal cord slices. Mutant Mns display, in the two preparations, a modified action potential characterized by an increased duration due to a decrease of the maximal speeds of depolarisation and repolarisation and a reduction of the spike amplitude. These alterations appeared between P2-P5 in SOD1G85R Mns and between P6-P10 in SOD1G93A Mns and suggest a decrease of the density of sodium and potassium channels related to action potential. We also showed on spinal cord slices between P6-P10 that the gain of frequency decreases for SOD1G85R Mns and increases for SOD1G93A Mns without any change in the density of persistent inward sodium or calcium currents in these different mutant Mns. We observed also that the resting membrane potential of SOD1G93A Mns on spinal cord slices is decreased. The membrane properties of SOD1G85R Mns between P6-P10 were less susceptible to changes in presence of an extracellular calcium overload. Differential effects of this extracellular calcium overload on membrane properties of WT and SOD1G85R Mns could be due to different alterations of the potential dependence of voltage-gated channels and/or to the modulation of some types of channels sensitive to extracellular calcium. An over-branching of dendritic arborization, similar to that previously described in SOD1G85R Mns, was observed in SOD1G93A at P8-P9 with the above-mentioned action potential alterations and a weak rheobasic current. These morphogical and electrical changes could indicate together alterations of kinetics and/or density of channels on different sites on these Mns. In conclusion, our work shows on one hand that SOD1G85R and SOD1G93A mutations induce similar alterations of lumbar Mns properties but time-shifted in these two murine models and on the other hand that some alterations seem to be specific to a given SOD1 mutation
Abu, Nokra Nada. "Interprétation de scènes par fusion de sources d'information hétérogènes : application à l'imagerie radar et sonar." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S021.
Full textThe objective of this research study is to detect the underwater environment by computing the bathymetric maps and the micro relief of the ocean bottom with a good quality. For dealing with this problem, we consider the reconstruction problem into different steps. Firstly, the bathymetric maps and the micro relief are reconstructed by applying the Shape From Shading technique (SFS) using a sidescan sonar image real intensity. The image data has been corrected by applying image pre-processing techniques. Then, we suggest to conduct the fusion process the bathymetry data of SFS with bathymetry interfermetry results by two different methods. The first one, by the fusion of bathymetries results by means of superposition of the two results, while the second one, suggests the fusion by the application of the fuzzy logic techniques. Finally, the last fusion method has been modified to correct the imperfection of the interferometry results. These steps of bathymetry reconstruction allow a priori knowledge integration
Patel, Priyanka. "Development of new therapeutic approaches in mouse models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25851.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with motor neuron degeneration, muscle atrophy and paralysis. Although numerous pathological mechanisms have been elucidated, ALS still remains a medical mystery in the absence of any effective therapy. Riluzole is the only therapeutic drug approved for ALS with regard to prolonging survival. Here, we have developed two strategies for treatment of ALS, first targeting the misfolded SOD1 (chapter 2) and other targeting neuroinflammation (chapter 3). In chapter 2, we aimed to reduce the level of misfolded SOD1 species in the nervous system. We tested a novel therapeutic approach based on adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated tonic expression of a DNA construct encoding a secretable single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody composed of the variable heavy and light chain regions of a monoclonal antibody (D3H5) binding specifically to misfolded SOD1. A single intrathecal injection of the adeno-associated virus encoding the single chain antibody in SOD1G93A mice delayed disease onset and extended the life span by up to 28%, in direct correlation with scFv titers in the spinal cord. Our second treatment strategy which is aimed to target neuroinflammation is based on previous reports from our lab where it has been shown that Withaferin A (WA), an inhibitor of NF-κB activity was efficient in reducing disease phenotype in TDP-43 transgenic mouse model of ALS. We tested WA in mice from two transgenic lines expressing different ALS-linked SOD1 mutations, SOD1G93A and SOD1G37R. The beneficial effects of WA in SOD1G93A mice model was accompanied by alleviation of neuroinflammation, decrease in level of misfolded SOD1 species in spinal cord, a reduction in loss of motor neurons, resulting in delayed disease progression and mortality. Based on these evidences, AAV encoding a secretable scFv against misfolded SOD1 and WA should be considered as a potential treatment for ALS.
Bertin, Eléonore. "Étude de l'augmentation du trafic en surface des récepteurs P2X4 de l’ATP à l’aide de nouveaux modèles murins transgéniques : implications dans les processus mnésiques et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0341.
Full textATP signaling and surface P2X4 ATP-gated receptor channels are upregulated in various neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal motoneuron (MN) disease characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation leading to cellular degeneration. P2X4 displays a widespread distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glial cells as well as in multiple peripheral cell types throughout the body. A key question regarding the role of purinergic signaling in health and disease is the function of this upregulated surface P2X4 state observed in specific cell types.To elucidate the cell-specific functions of P2X4 in a pathological context, a conditional transgenic knock-in P2X4 mouse line (floxed P2X4mCherryIN) was created allowing the Cre activity-dependent genetic swapping of the internalization motif of P2X4 by the fluorescent protein mCherry to prevent constitutive endocytosis of P2X4. We describe and characterize two distinct knock-in mouse lines expressing non-internalized P2X4mCherryIN either in excitatory forebrain neurons (CamK2) or in all cells natively expressing P2X4 (CMV). The genetic substitution of wild-type P2X4 by non-internalized P2X4mCherryIN in both knock-in mouse models does not alter the sparse distribution and subcellular localization of P2X4 but leads to a cell-specific increased surface P2X4 expression mimicking the pathological upregulated P2X4 state. We provide evidence that the increase in P2X4 at the surface of excitatory neurons decreases anxiety and impairs memory processing due to alteration of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region.To unravel the implication of P2X4 in ALS pathogenesis, we generate innovating double transgenic mice called SOD1:P2X4KI and SOD1:P2X4KO using the new knock-in CMV mice model expressing the upregulated P2X4 receptor in all cells that expressed natively the P2X4 receptor (P2X4KI) or a trangenic mice lacking the P2X4 gene (P2X4KO) with most commonly used ALS model carrying the human SOD1-G93A mutation (SOD1). Interestingly, the ablation of the P2X4 gene as well as the expression of non-internalized P2X4 in SOD1 mice have a significant and positive impact on motor performances and animal survival revealing that P2X4 are active and complex players in ALS progression. In SOD1 mice spinal cord, the expression of P2X4 is initially restricted to MN and increased in microglia during the symptomatic phase of ALS, and P2X4 has a dual role on inflammation markers expression during the progression of the disease. In parallel, P2X4 surface expression significantly increased in peritoneal macrophages of SOD1 mice during ALS progression even from the presymptomatic stages suggesting that P2X4 may represent an early biomarker of ALS. Moreover, we reveal that the mechanism underlying the surface upregulation of P2X4 receptor in ALS models over the time can be explained by a competitive and progressive alteration of P2X4 constitutive internalization by SOD1 misfolded protein leading to MN death and associated neuroinflammation.Overall, we provide an innovative knock-in P2X4 model to study the functional contributions of upregulated P2X4 receptor in specific cells of the nervous system but also in peripheral tissues throughout the body that will be helpful for study many others pathologies besides ALS
Waegaert, Robin. "Etude du continuum mécanistique et physiopathologique entre la sclérose latérale amyotrophique et la démence frontotemporale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ110.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and FrontoTemporal Dementia (FTD) are two fatal and incurable neurodegenerative diseases. These two diseases share a clinical continuum supported by genetic and histological arguments. Today, about 15% of ALS patients develop later FTD symptoms and reversely. In 2006, mutations in the CHMP2B gene were discovered in ALS-FTD patients. Twelve years later, pathological mechanisms associated with mutations of this gene in the ALS-FTD syndrome are poorly understood. For a better understanding of CHMP2Bintron5-related pathological mechanisms, we studied by different approaches the impact of this mutation in a mouse model. Transcriptomic analysis on lumbar spinal cord highlighted a panel of deregulated cellular pathways, including the inflammatory response and the lipid metabolism. In addition, we showed an early disturbance of macroautophagy, with a blockage of final degradation step associated with a repression of autophagy initiation. Finally, our results show that neuron specific expression of CHMP2Bintron5 leads to muscular atrophy and structural and functional alterations of neuromuscular junctions
Kumar, Sunny. "Signatures moléculaires neuronales et effets de withanolides inhibiteurs de NF-kB chez des modèles de souris de la SLA et de démence fronto-temporale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69127.
Full textVernay, Aurelia. "Caractérisation des souris CHMP2Bintron5, un modèle d'étude du continuum SLA-DFT." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ116/document.
Full textThe neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) form a clinical, genetic and histopathological continuum. Mutations in CHMP2B can cause ALS or DFT. The aim of this study was to characterize a new transgenic mouse model based on the neuronal expression of the human mutation CHMP2Bintron5.The mice develop a progressive muscle weakness and motor coordination defects, associated with a distal alteration of the motoneurons. Moreover, their feeding behavior is altered and they develop social disinterest and stereotypies, while mnesic functions are spared. We observed protein aggregates in neurons and an astrocytosis, mirroring the histopathological profile of patients.The neuronal expression of the mutant CHMP2Bintron5 triggers a motor phenotype associated with dementia symptoms and histopathological hallmarks of ALS and FTD. This transgenic line willallow the study of the common mechanisms implicated in the ALS-FTD syndrom
Amendola, Julien. "Développement postnatal d'un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : Acquisitions sensori-motrices, fonctionnement des réseaux lombaires et caractérisation des propriétés électriques et morphologiques des motoneurones." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537888.
Full textDubois, Martine. "Conséquences fonctionnelles de modifications des protéines des neurofilaments chez la souris : effets sur le comportement moteur et spatial et sur le métabolisme régional encéphalique." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES039.
Full textOur study aimed at evaluating the functional effects of a disorganised neurofilament network in mice. We showed that NFH-LacZ and NFL -/- mice displayed a selective decrease in vertical activity, and equilibrium and motor coordination deficits. These impairments appear before any cellular degeneration. Motor deficits of NFH-LacZ mice are independent of genetic background. Neurofilament abnormalities also cause metabolic activity modifications in some encephalic structures. NFH-LacZ and NFL -/- mice displayed CO activity variations in the cerebellum and cerebellar-related regions, as well as in various reticular formation nuclei. Motor cortex of young NFH-LacZ mice and cranial nerve motor nuclei of NFL -/- mice are also affected. NFL -/- and NFH-LacZ represent useful tools for the study of mechanisms by which a disorganised neurofilament network affect cellular function and survival
Schmitt, Florent. "Rôle de la stéaroyl-coenzyme A désaturase 1, une enzyme de synthèse des acides gras mono-insaturés, dans un modèle transgénique d’étude de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ085/document.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease, associated with metabolic dysfunction. Alteration of lipid metabolism has been documented in ALS patients and animal models, and could participate to the first pathological steps of the disease. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a key enzyme of lipid metabolism, in ALS. By studying the profile of peripheral fatty acids in an animal model of ALS, the SOD1 mice, we found that SCD1 activity was strongly reduced at early (sub-clinical) disease stage, and that this reduction could explain in itself the alteration of lipid metabolism characteristic of ALS. The impact of loss of SCD1 activity for the motor axis was then studied. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Wefurther explored if the loss of SCD1 activity found in SOD1 mice is a protective mechanism elicited in response to ALS. We treated SOD1 mice with an inhibitor of SCD1 activity. The treatment resulted in exacerbated muscular oxidative metabolism,preservation of neuromuscular integrity and enhanced motor neuron survival. We conclude that inhibition of SCD1 represents a promising therapeutic target for ALS
Cosme, Emmanuel. "Cycle du soufre des moyennes et hautes latitudes Sud dans un modèle de circulation générale atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705168.
Full textLe, Guyader Laurent. "Utilisation de sondes pyréniques in vivo pour caractériser l'état de phase global de la membrane plasmique de cellules eucaryotes : application à la détection de la liaison d'agonistes au récepteur "delta" opioïde murin." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/53/.
Full textThe development of tools for the screening of new receptors’ agonists is a major issue for pharmaceutical research. Currently, the main targets used are the G-protein coupled receptor of the plasma membrane which the activation trigger the signaling pathways involved in many cell functions. The goal of this thesis is the detection, using a spectrofluorometry approach in vivo, of the signaling pathway ignition by the mouse delta opioid receptor (mDOR). DOR is assumed to generate a relocalisation of some lipids (cholesterol) while agonist binding leading to the formation of a liquid-ordered phase (lo). Thus two fluorescent probes have been synthesized, which the 3beta-hydroxy-pregn-5-ene-21-(1-methylpyrenyl)-20-methylidene. Data from calorimetry and RMN-2H studies show that this probe induces the same lipid membranes disturbance than cholesterol. Absorption data of the probe allowed the assessment of a self-association process of cholesterol in model membranes, which is as a function of the acyl-chains saturation degree of phospholipids. Then the polarity sensitive property of the probe has been used to distinguish between ld and lo phases in model membranes. Finally, we incorporated the probes in CHO cells over-expressing mDOR to monitor, by fluorescence spectroscopy, the mean phase state change of the plasma membrane triggered by a mDOR agonist. This is the first step of a new screening approach