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Journal articles on the topic 'Source environments'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Khan, Shakir, and Mohamed Fahad Aiajmi. "The Open Source Software (OSS) Utilization in Project Scattered Computing Environments." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/59.

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2

McGhee, Jordan J., Nick Rawson, Barbara A. Bailey, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Laura Sisk-Hackworth, and Scott T. Kelley. "Meta-SourceTracker: application of Bayesian source tracking to shotgun metagenomics." PeerJ 8 (March 24, 2020): e8783. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8783.

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Background Microbial source tracking methods are used to determine the origin of contaminating bacteria and other microorganisms, particularly in contaminated water systems. The Bayesian SourceTracker approach uses deep-sequencing marker gene libraries (16S ribosomal RNA) to determine the proportional contributions of bacteria from many potential source environments to a given sink environment simultaneously. Since its development, SourceTracker has been applied to an extensive diversity of studies, from beach contamination to human behavior. Methods Here, we demonstrate a novel application of SourceTracker to work with metagenomic datasets and tested this approach using sink samples from a study of coastal marine environments. Source environment metagenomes were obtained from metagenomics studies of gut, freshwater, marine, sand and soil environments. As part of this effort, we implemented features for determining the stability of source proportion estimates, including precision visualizations for performance optimization, and performed domain-specific source-tracking analyses (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota and viruses). We also applied SourceTracker to metagenomic libraries generated from samples collected from the International Space Station (ISS). Results SourceTracker proved highly effective at predicting the composition of known sources using shotgun metagenomic libraries. In addition, we showed that different taxonomic domains sometimes presented highly divergent pictures of environmental source origins for both the coastal marine and ISS samples. These findings indicated that applying SourceTracker to separate domains may provide a deeper understanding of the microbial origins of complex, mixed-source environments, and further suggested that certain domains may be preferable for tracking specific sources of contamination.

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Lacy, M., S. Rawlings, M. Wold, A. Bunker, K. M. Blundell, S. A. Eales, and P. B. Lilje. "Radio Source Environments at Redshifts > 0.5." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900080943.

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The most powerful radio sources in the local Universe are found in giant elliptical galaxies. Looking back to a redshift of 0.5 (≈ half the age of the Universe for ω = 1), we see that these host galaxies are increasingly found in moderately rich clusters. This fact gives us hope that radio sources can be used as tracers of high density environments at high redshift. By exploiting radio source samples selected over a wide range in luminosity (Blundell et al., these proceedings), we will also be able to test whether the luminosities of radio sources are correlated with their environments.

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4

Kim, Seungil, Chungyong Lee, and Hong-Goo Kang. "Optimum beamformer in correlated source environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 6 (December 2006): 3770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2329870.

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5

Wakefield, Gregory H. "An adaptation model for source displacement in multiple‐source environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (May 1988): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025198.

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6

Steinacker, J., Th Henning, and A. Menshchikov. "Multidimensional Radiative Transfer in Accretion Environments." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 163 (1997): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100044109.

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Most likely produced as thermal emission by dust grains, infrared emission from young stars and active galaxies reveals information about the internal energy source, the spatial distribution of the surrounding matter and its dynamical evolution. In this way, radiative transfer works as a bridge between HD/MHD accretion disk theory and observations. For young stellar objects and active galactic nuclei, the source geometry is of crucial importance for the modelling the emerging radiation. Observations indicate rotationally symmetric accretion disks, tori, or more complicated density structures around multiple sources, making multidimensional calculations necessary.

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7

Russell, R. Andrew. "Tracking chemical plumes in constrained environments." Robotica 19, no. 4 (July 2001): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700003283.

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This paper describes an on-going project to develop robotic systems for locating chemical sources in constrained environments. There is increasing interest in applying chemical sensing to mobile robots. Locating the source of a chemical plume is seen as an important use for a chemical sensing robot. Current research tends to concentrate on source location in open and relatively obstacle free environments. Many of the applications for this technology will be areas where airflow is constrained and deflected by obstacles such as inside buildings, mines and subway tunnels. It is this kind of situation that this project aims to address.

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8

Cho, Yong Thung, M. J. Roan, and J. Stuart Bolton. "Dual surface beamforming and acoustical holography for sound field visualization in reverberant environments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 1 (August 11, 2009): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1539.

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Near-field acoustical holography is a technique that has been widely used to visualize noise sources from pressure measurements in spaces that can be assumed to be anechoic or semi-anechoic. Previously, a dual surface acoustical holography procedure based on making measurements on two surfaces between the source and a reflecting surface was introduced to remove the effects of reverberation. Little work has been performed in which beamforming has been used to visualize sources based on dual surface, near-field measurements in a reverberant environment: such a procedure is described here. Because many practical measurement environments are not completely anechoic, the source resolution accuracy of dual surface acoustical holography and beamforming procedures in reverberant environments is compared here by using numerical simulations. It has been found that dual surface acoustical holography provides the clearest representation of the source location when sound waves radiating from the source and the reflected waves are propagating in the opposite directions and when the measurement surfaces are conformal with the source geometry. However, it has also been found that dual surface beamforming provides more consistent source resolution performance regardless of the relative direction of wave propagation of the source and reflected waves.

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9

Schmutzer, Michael, and Andreas Wagner. "Gene expression noise can promote the fixation of beneficial mutations in fluctuating environments." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 10 (October 26, 2020): e1007727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007727.

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Nongenetic phenotypic variation can either speed up or slow down adaptive evolution. We show that it can speed up evolution in environments where available carbon and energy sources change over time. To this end, we use an experimentally validated model of Escherichia coli growth on two alternative carbon sources, glucose and acetate. On the superior carbon source (glucose), all cells achieve high growth rates, while on the inferior carbon source (acetate) only a small fraction of the population manages to initiate growth. Consequently, populations experience a bottleneck when the environment changes from the superior to the inferior carbon source. Growth on the inferior carbon source depends on a circuit under the control of a transcription factor that is repressed in the presence of the superior carbon source. We show that noise in the expression of this transcription factor can increase the probability that cells start growing on the inferior carbon source. In doing so, it can decrease the severity of the bottleneck and increase mean population fitness whenever this fitness is low. A modest amount of noise can also enhance the fitness effects of a beneficial allele that increases the fraction of a population initiating growth on acetate. Additionally, noise can protect this allele from extinction, accelerate its spread, and increase its likelihood of going to fixation. Central to the adaptation-enhancing principle we identify is the ability of noise to mitigate population bottlenecks, particularly in environments that fluctuate periodically. Because such bottlenecks are frequent in fluctuating environments, and because periodically fluctuating environments themselves are common, this principle may apply to a broad range of environments and organisms.

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10

Aksoy, Demet. "Information source selection for resource constrained environments." ACM SIGMOD Record 34, no. 4 (December 2005): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1107499.1107500.

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11

Traer, James, and Josh H. McDermott. "Statistics of natural reverberation enable perceptual separation of sound and space." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 48 (November 10, 2016): E7856—E7865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612524113.

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In everyday listening, sound reaches our ears directly from a source as well as indirectly via reflections known as reverberation. Reverberation profoundly distorts the sound from a source, yet humans can both identify sound sources and distinguish environments from the resulting sound, via mechanisms that remain unclear. The core computational challenge is that the acoustic signatures of the source and environment are combined in a single signal received by the ear. Here we ask whether our recognition of sound sources and spaces reflects an ability to separate their effects and whether any such separation is enabled by statistical regularities of real-world reverberation. To first determine whether such statistical regularities exist, we measured impulse responses (IRs) of 271 spaces sampled from the distribution encountered by humans during daily life. The sampled spaces were diverse, but their IRs were tightly constrained, exhibiting exponential decay at frequency-dependent rates: Mid frequencies reverberated longest whereas higher and lower frequencies decayed more rapidly, presumably due to absorptive properties of materials and air. To test whether humans leverage these regularities, we manipulated IR decay characteristics in simulated reverberant audio. Listeners could discriminate sound sources and environments from these signals, but their abilities degraded when reverberation characteristics deviated from those of real-world environments. Subjectively, atypical IRs were mistaken for sound sources. The results suggest the brain separates sound into contributions from the source and the environment, constrained by a prior on natural reverberation. This separation process may contribute to robust recognition while providing information about spaces around us.

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12

Jambrošić, Kristian, Marko Horvat, Dominik Kisić, and Tin Oberman. "SPEAKER DISCRIMINATION IN MULTISOURCE ENVIRONMENTS AURALIZED IN REAL ROOMS." Akustika, VOLUME 37 (December 15, 2020): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20203719.

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With the recent development of audio in modern VR/AR systems and the increasing capability of synthesizing natural sound fields over headphones with head tracking, the question of the ability of our hearing system to discriminate multiple concurrent sound sources has become important again. We must understand how psychoacoustical and psychophysical limitations of the hearing system cope with novel technologies of virtual acoustics that can simulate an almost unlimited number of sound sources. Previous research has shown that the capacity of human hearing to discriminate a reference sound source is limited when there is background noise, a reverberant surrounding, or when other, disturbing sound sources simultaneously mask the reference source. A set of listening tests based on the cocktail-party effect was designed to determine the intelligibility of speech emitted by a reference sound source, with one to six disturbing sound sources simultaneously emitting speech from different directions around the listener. The tests were repeated in three test rooms with different acoustical properties, and two test signals were used: logatomes and regular spoken sentences with specific keywords. The results have revealed the changes in speech intelligibility scores in relation to the number of disturbing sources, their positions, and acoustical properties of test rooms.

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13

STEPHEN, R. O., and J. C. HARTLEY. "The Transmission of Bush-Cricket Calls in Natural Environments." Journal of Experimental Biology 155, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.155.1.227.

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This study discusses the structure of the calls of bush crickets Steropleurus nobrei and examines the way the structure of records of a bush-cricket call, comprising pure tone bursts and bursts of white noise, changes as these sounds propagate through different environments. Measurements of the coherence and spectral composition at different distances from the sound source are made in open and thickly vegetated environments. The results show that coherent frequency components in reproductions of the records of the natural call propagate over greater distances than do other components. The results are discussed in relation to the possible sources of information contained in insect calls and how the environment degrades these information sources as the call propagates away from the source. The consequences of the structure of the calls on the properties of the auditory organs of bush crickets is also discussed.

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14

Zhang, Yu Li, and Xiao Ping Ma. "Comparing Plume-Tracing Algorithms in Obstructed Multi-Source Environments." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.228.

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In this paper, we compare the common plume-tracing algorithms: chemotaxis and anemotaxis in obstructed multi-source environment using multi-robot system. A multi-robot cooperation strategy with virtual physics force, which includes structure formation force, goal force, obstacle avoidance force, repulsion force and rotary force, is proposed. First, plume model with two sources in three obstacles environment is constructed by computation fluid dynamics simulations. Second, parallel searches by two groups robots with chemotaxis and anemotaxis are used to locate two sources in obstructed environment. Simulation comparison experiment with two plume-tracing algorithms discussed the influence of the varied wind direction/ speed frequency and methane release frequency and different initial positions of two groups to the search performance. Finally, the comparative result is illustrated.

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15

James, Kevin R., and David R. Dowling. "Modeling uncertain source depth in range-dependent environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (September 2012): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4755152.

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16

Narayanan, Ram M., Brian R. Phelan, and Erik H. Lenzing. "Source Geolocation in Urban Environments Using Multipath Fingerprinting." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/453157.

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A method for determining the location of Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile transmitters is proposed. Our approach estimates the location of a source without the use of multilateration or Line-of-Sight (LOS) techniques. A Multipath Characteristic Database (MCD) containing the multipath feature vectors, for each possible transmitter location within an area of interest, is populated via ray-tracing software simulations. The multipath characteristics of interest are angle-of-arrival (AOA) (azimuth) and time-of-arrival (TOA). By minimizing the “distance” between estimated and simulated multipath feature vectors, an estimate for the actual source location can be obtained. The development of the estimation method is presented, followed by a detailed analysis of its estimation accuracy. Since the proposed method utilizes a simulated multipath signature database based upon the knowledge of the environment and the terrain, the need fora priorisoundings from the area of interest is eliminated, thus making this location estimation system suitable for application in denied territories. Location accuracies compare favorably with the requirements for the location of wireless 9-1-1 callers as recommended by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

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17

Fialkowski, Laurie T., Michael D. Collins, John S. Perkins, and W. A. Kuperman. "Source localization in noisy and uncertain ocean environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 6 (June 1997): 3539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.418314.

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18

Khodayi-mehr, Reza, Wilkins Aquino, and Michael M. Zavlanos. "Model-Based Active Source Identification in Complex Environments." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 35, no. 3 (June 2019): 633–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2019.2894039.

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19

Karamalidis, Athanasios K., Sharon G. Torres, J. Alexandra Hakala, Hongbo Shao, Kirk J. Cantrell, and Susan Carroll. "Trace Metal Source Terms in Carbon Sequestration Environments." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 1 (December 11, 2012): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es304832m.

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20

Martínez-Carreras, M. A., F. J. García Jimenez, and A. F. Gómez Skarmeta. "Building integrated business environments: analysing open-source ESB." Enterprise Information Systems 9, no. 4 (September 2, 2013): 401–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2013.830339.

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21

Gu, Jiajun, Bo Yang, and K. Max Zhang. "Spatial-aware source estimation in building downwash environments." Building and Environment 134 (April 2018): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.02.023.

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22

Bejarano, Andrés M., Lucy E. García, and Eduardo E. Zurek. "Detection of source code similitude in academic environments." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 23, no. 1 (January 5, 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.21571.

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23

Plescia, Steven M., Anne F. Sheehan, and Seth S. Haines. "Active-Source Interferometry in Marine and Terrestrial Environments: Importance of Directionality and Stationary Phase." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210160.

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ABSTRACT We utilize active-source seismic interferometry with dense seismic arrays both offshore and onland to explore the utility of this method to create virtual sources and reveal body-wave reflections in these two different environments. We first utilize data from an ocean-bottom cable (OBC) array in the Gulf of Mexico with equal numbers of sources (160 airgun shots) and receivers (160 ocean-bottom four-component sensors). We next use data from a geophone array across the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming with many receivers (1300 vertical-component geophones) but a small number of sources (14 borehole active-source shots). We find that the OBC virtual source results, which produce strong reflections from sub-seafloor structures, are far superior to the onland results which lack usable reflections, and we explore reasons for these differences through a set of selective stacking approaches. We present techniques to account for the direction the seismic waves travel (directionality) and stationary phase and show that improvements can be made when incorporating these corrections. Although interferometric methods are based on assumptions of large numbers of widely distributed actual sources, we find that selective exclusion of potentially problematic source–receiver pairs can yield improved results. These geometric adjustments to active-source interferometry methods have utility for dense-nodal-array surveys that are now common in academic studies, but that often suffer from sparse source geometry.

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Davis, Dorian, Samba Gaye, Lirane Mandjoupa, Justin An, Wagdy Mahmoud, Lei Wang, and Max Denis. "Locating impulsive sound sources in microscale urban spaces." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015529.

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In this work, techniques for localizing impulsive acoustic sources in an urban environment are presented. Of particular interest is the localization of sources in urban street canyons and enclosed urban areas. Sound propagation in an urban environment is strongly influenced by multiple reflections. In urban street canyons, multiple reflections tend to amplify with decreasing canyon width. A numerical investigation is performed to study the role multiple reflections on time difference of arrival (TDOA) and beamforming source localization techniques. Results of various urban street canyon and enclosed space geometries are investigated. The results and limitations of the TDOA and beamforming techniques for estimating source position in urban environments are discussed.

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25

Jia, Maoshen, Yitian Jia, Shang Gao, Jing Wang, and Shusen Wang. "Multi-source DOA estimation in reverberant environments using potential single-source points enhancement." Applied Acoustics 174 (March 2021): 107782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107782.

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26

Yates-Jones, Patrick M., Ross J. Turner, Stanislav S. Shabala, and Martin G. H. Krause. "PRAiSE: resolved spectral evolution in simulated radio sources." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 5225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac385.

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ABSTRACT We present a method for applying spatially resolved adiabatic and radiative loss processes to synthetic radio emission from hydrodynamic simulations of radio sources from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Lagrangian tracer particles, each representing an ensemble of electrons, are injected into simulations and the position, grid pressure, and time since the last strong shock are recorded. These quantities are used to track the losses of the electron packet through the radio source in a manner similar to the Radio AGN in Semi-analytic Environments formalism, which uses global source properties to calculate the emissivity of each particle ex situ. Freedom in the choice of observing parameters, including redshift, is provided through the post-processing nature of this approach. We apply this framework to simulations of jets in different environments, including asymmetric ones. We find a strong dependence of radio source properties on frequency and redshift, in good agreement with observations and previous modelling work. There is a strong evolution of radio spectra with redshift due to the more prominent inverse-Compton losses at high redshift. Radio sources in denser environments have flatter spectral indices, suggesting that spectral index asymmetry may be a useful environment tracer. We simulate intermediate Mach number jets that disrupt before reaching the tip of the lobe, and find that these retain an edge-brightened Fanaroff–Riley Type II morphology, with the most prominent emission remaining near the tip of the lobes for all environments and redshifts we study.

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Torres-Rodriguez, Juan A., Juan J. Reyes-Pérez, Evangelina E. Quiñones-Aguilar, and Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel. "Actinomycete Potential as Biocontrol Agent of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Mechanisms, Source, and Applications." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233201.

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Synthetic fungicides have been the main control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, they cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment, as well as generating resistance in phytopathogenic fungi. In the last few decades, the use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi has been an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. Actinomycetes isolated from terrestrial, marine, wetland, saline, and endophyte environments have been used for phytopathogenic fungus biocontrol. At present, there is a need for searching new secondary compounds and metabolites of different isolation sources of actinomycetes; however, little information is available on those isolated from other environments as biocontrol agents in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the antifungal activity and the main mechanisms of action in actinomycetes isolated from different environments and to describe recent achievements of their application in agriculture. Although actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi, few studies of actinomycetes are available of those from marine, saline, and wetland environments, which have equal or greater potential as biocontrol agents than isolates of actinomycetes from terrestrial environments.

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28

Sabaghnia, Naser, Rahmatollah Karimizadeh, and Mohtasham Mohammadi. "Grouping genotypes and test environments by some cluster methods regarding genotype × environment interaction in multi-environment trials." Genetika 44, no. 3 (2012): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1203457s.

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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important source of protein and carbohydrate food for people of developing countries and is popular in some developed countries where they are perceived as a healthy component of the diet. Ten lentil genotypes were tested for grain yield in five different environmental conditions, over two consecutive years to classify thes genotypes for yield stability. Seed yield of lentil genotypes ranged from 989.3 to 1.367 kg ha-1 and the linear regression coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 1.18. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of environment (E) and genotype by environment (GE) interaction were highly significant while the main effect of genotype (G) was significant at 0.05 probability level. Four different cluster procedures were used for grouping genotypes and environments. According to dendograms of regression methods for lentil genotypes there were two different genotypic groups based on G plus GE or GE sources. Also, the dendograms of ANOVA methods indicated 5 groups based on G and GE sources and 4 groups based on GE sources. According to dendograms of regression methods for environments there were 5 different groups based on G plus GE sources while the dendograms of ANOVA methods indicated 9 groups based on G and GE sources and 3 groups based on GE sources. The mentioned groups were determined via F-test as an empirical stopping criterion for clustering. The most responsive genotypes with high mean yield genotypes are G2 (1145.3 kg ha-1), G8 (1200.2 kg ha-1) and G9 (1267.9 kg ha-1) and could be recommended as the most favorable genotypes for farmers.

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Campbell, Steven C., Alan T. Wall, Frank S. Mobley, Reese D. Rasband, and Kent L. Gee. "Analysis of an acoustic propagation model for sources of noise with directivity in indoor environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015884.

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Small caliber firearm (SCF) noise sources are typically impulsive in nature, possess a large amount of acoustic energy (consequently a large hearing damage risk), and are not omnidirectional. These sources are often operated in indoor shooting ranges where the potential for noise exposure risk is greater due to the reflective surfaces in the room. Indoor sound propagation models require inputs such as geometry, wall material properties, and some quantified source level description. One such room acoustic modeling technique is the Image-Source Method (ISM). ISM typically assumes specular reflections off the walls and represents those reflections as image sources. Many ISM algorithms can operate with high computational efficiency for simple omnidirectional source models, usually represented by a single quantity: sound power. However, ISM models using an omnidirectional source assumption can produce high errors in some scenarios involving highly directional sources, such as SCFs. In this work, an ISM algorithm has been modified to predict listener exposure levels from non-omnidirectional sources in complicated room designs, and has been validated against measured data from an SCF on an indoor Air Force shooting range.

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Suarniti, Gusti Ayu Made Rai. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS’S THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO." KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra) 5, no. 02 (February 26, 2022): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33479/klausa.v5i02.421.

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ABSTRACT The topic of this research is about environments that are found in Alexandre Dumas’s The Count of Monte Cristo. This research investigates the environments and their function in the novel. This research utilized the novel entitled The Count of Monte Cristo written by Alexandre Dumas (1997) as the data source. Collection of data were done in a form of library research, which consist of reading the data source and underlining and/or noting the relevant data. All data were classified into their respective kind and function of settings. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the research showed that four kinds of environments and five functions it were found in Alexandre Dumas’s The Count of Monte Cristo. The four environments found were place, time, social environment, and atmosphere. The five functions found were environment as background for action, environment antagonist, environment a means of creating appropriate atmosphere, environment a means of revealing character, environment as means of reinforcing theme.

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Thakali, Astha, Jean D. MacRae, Cindy Isenhour, and Travis Blackmer. "Composition and contamination of source separated food waste from different sources and regulatory environments." Journal of Environmental Management 314 (July 2022): 115043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115043.

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32

Pop, Olimpiu, Corneliu Rusu, and Lacrimioara Grama. "Acoustic Sensor for Detecting Intruders in Wild Environments." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0020.

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Abstract The aim of this work is to develop a device capable to record multiple audio signals (in our case 4 audio signals from 4 microphones of the area) and transmit the information through a network for acoustic source localization. We briefly discuss the first two versions, then the HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) version of the acoustic sensors is detailed. Experimental results for identifying sound sources are also presented.

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33

Navarete, F., A. Damineli, C. L. Barbosa, and R. D. Blum. "Circumstellar Environments of MYSOs Revealed by IFU Spectroscopy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S307 (June 2014): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314007376.

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AbstractFormation of massive stars (M > 8 M⊙) is still not well understood and lacks of observational constraints. We observed 7 MYSO candidates using the NIFS spectrometer at Gemini North Telescope to study the accretion process at high angular resolution (~ 50 mas) and very closer to the central star. Preliminary results for 2 sources have revealed circumstellar structures traced by Brackett-Gamma, CO lines and extended H2 emission. Both sources present kinematics in the CO absorption lines, suggesting rotating structures. The next step will derive the central mass of each source by applying a keplerian model for these CO features.

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Kwak, Keun-Chang, and Sung-Suk Kim. "Sound source localization with the aid of excitation source information in home robot environments." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 54, no. 2 (May 2008): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560170.

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35

Tan, C. M., M. A. Beach, and A. R. Nix. "Enhanced-SAGE algorithm for use in distributed-source environments." Electronics Letters 39, no. 8 (2003): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030427.

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Gustafsson, T., B. D. Rao, and M. Trivedi. "Source localization in reverberant environments: modeling and statistical analysis." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 11, no. 6 (November 2003): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2003.818027.

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CONAND, NICOLE, and ALICIA DORNADIC. "The Ethnographer Unbounded: Considering open source in corporate environments." Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (October 2012): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-8918.2012.00011.x.

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Ghamdan, Lama, Mahmoud A. Ismail Shoman, Reda Abd Elwahab, and Nivin Abo El-Hadid Ghamry. "Position estimation of binaural sound source in reverberant environments." Egyptian Informatics Journal 18, no. 2 (July 2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2016.05.002.

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Baer, Ralph N., and Michael D. Collins. "Source localization in environments with deterministic and stochastic uncertainties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 4 (October 2004): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785558.

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Finette, Steven. "Some speculations on source localization in uncertain ocean environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (May 2007): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808502.

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Warren, J. K. "Shallow-water evaporitic environments and their source rock potential." Journal of Sedimentary Research 56, no. 3 (May 1, 1986): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/212f8940-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d.

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Mennitt, Daniel, and Marty Johnson. "Multiple-array passive acoustic source localization in urban environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 5 (May 2010): 2932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3372743.

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Yates, Matthew C., and Dylan J. Fraser. "Does source population size affect performance in new environments?" Evolutionary Applications 7, no. 8 (July 9, 2014): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12181.

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Parisi, Raffaele, Flavia Camoes, Michele Scarpiniti, and Aurelio Uncini. "Cepstrum Prefiltering for Binaural Source Localization in Reverberant Environments." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 19, no. 2 (February 2012): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2011.2180376.

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Schultz, Júnia, and Alexandre Soares Rosado. "Extreme environments: a source of biosurfactants for biotechnological applications." Extremophiles 24, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01151-2.

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Flores, Enrique, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Lidia Moreno, and Paolo Rosso. "Uncovering source code reuse in large-scale academic environments." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 23, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.21608.

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Oke, P. K., and O. K. Ukoba. "Analysis of Property Changes of Ductile Iron in Different Environments." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.332.

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Abstract:

The problem of engineering materials failing in structures like bridges, pipelines, refinery and automobile equipments is becoming a source of concern to the people of the developing nations especially Nigerians. This sometimes might be attributed to the environments in which the materials are being used or stored and the source of the materials. There is a need therefore, to evaluate the effects of these environments on the final property, especially the mechanical properties of the materials. Based on the peculiarity of ductile iron (DI) having its application in most engineering works in different environments, the material was subjected to four different environments namely alkaline (NaOH), brackish (NaCl), air conditioning (A/C), and outside environment, coinciding with the environments of application. The material was later subjected to series of mechanical tests and the behavioural changes (especially the mechanical property) of the materials in these environments were monitored for the period. It was observed that the ductile iron placed outside had the highest elastic properties and hardness of 1341.72Hv while alkaline environment had the highest strength of 3321.75MPa. The alkaline environment gives the highest performance as it had a quality index of 4,038,837, followed by outside environment while salty environment had the least.

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Huang, Zhaoqiong, Ji Xu, Zaixiao Gong, Haibin Wang, and Yonghong Yan. "Multiple Source Localization in a Shallow Water Waveguide Exploiting Subarray Beamforming and Deep Neural Networks." Sensors 19, no. 21 (November 2, 2019): 4768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214768.

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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be effective for single sound source localization in shallow water environments. However, multiple source localization is a more challenging task because of the interactions among multiple acoustic signals. This paper proposes a framework for multiple source localization on underwater horizontal arrays using deep neural networks. The two-stage DNNs are adopted to determine both the directions and ranges of multiple sources successively. A feed-forward neural network is trained for direction finding, while the long short term memory recurrent neural network is used for source ranging. Particularly, in the source ranging stage, we perform subarray beamforming to extract features of sources that are detected by the direction finding stage, because subarray beamforming can enhance the mixed signal to the desired direction while preserving the horizontal-longitudinal correlations of the acoustic field. In this way, a universal model trained in the single-source scenario can be applied to multi-source scenarios with arbitrary numbers of sources. Both simulations and experiments in a range-independent shallow water environment of SWellEx-96 Event S5 are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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McComas, Sarah, Stephen Arrowsmith, Chris Hayward, Brian Stump, and Mihan McKenna. "Low-frequency acoustic monitoring in urban environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010573.

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Arrays of infrasound sensors are commonly deployed in quiet rural settings to monitor high energy/low-frequency sources at distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Advancements in infrasound sensor technology allow for measurement across the acoustic spectrum from infrasound (< 20 Hz) to low end audible (< 1000 Hz). This supports a growing interest in using infrasound arrays to monitor low energy/higher frequency sources at local propagation distances (<100 km). Examples of these sources include vehicles (ground and air), small explosions, and infrastructure (e.g., bridges). Many of these sources are driven by anthropogenic activity. In order to successfully monitor them, arrays of sensors will need to be installed closer to the sources of interest, thereby requiring arrays to encroach on urban spaces. The design, deployment, and utilization of these arrays will face challenges, such as limited open ground for installation and source signals that need to be separated from a complex acoustic noise field to be observed. This presentation shares techniques for instrumenting the urban environment and characterizing the ambient acoustic fields in three different urban environments. [Permission to publish was granted by the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.]

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Pastore, M. Torben, William A. Yost, and Yi Zhou. "Is acoustic space “learned” in the buildup of the precedence effect?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010978.

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Most of what is known about sound source localization in reverberant environments rests upon knowledge of how the auditory system processes a pair of brief stimuli presented over headphones that simulate a direct sound and a single reflection. In everyday environments, however, sound sources often emit relatively continuous sounds or repeat them often in succession—for example, speech. Also, listeners often move. Dynamic changes in source/listener positions may present a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of “learning” that seem to result in the “buildup of the precedence effect—listeners' ability to effectively localize reverberant sounds after repeated presentation that would be poorly localized after only one presentation. The implicated learning may constitute learning of the spatial acoustics of the environment or learning of the temporal order and timing of reflections (or both). In this study, we sought to disambiguate these two possible learning strategies by comparing listener behavior in response to presentation of repeated pairs of lead/lag noise stimuli presented in a soundfield. Listeners’ perceived sound-source localization and the rate of fusion were measured.

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