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Journal articles on the topic 'Source driver'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Melton, Kerry, and Sandeep Parepally. "Domiciling Truck Drivers More Strategically in a Transportation Network." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2014010103.

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The authors propose a method to better domicile truck drivers in a relay-point highway transportation network to obtain better solutions for the truck driver domiciling and sourcing problem. The authors exploit characteristics of the truckload driver routing problem over a transportation network and introduce a new approach to domicile, source, and route truck drivers while more inclusively considering performance and cost measures related to the driver, transportation carrier, and customer. Driver domicile and relay-point locations are exploited to balance driver pay and recruiting costs and driving time. A mixed integer quadratic program will determine where driver domiciles are located to base drivers, source drivers, route drivers, etc. while considering key costs related to transporting truckload freight over long distances. A method to improve driver domicile locations is introduced to enhance driving jobs and driver sourcing, but not at the expense of the transportation carrier and customer. A numerical experiment will be conducted.
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2

Zhu, Yulong, Xinzhe Wang, Chenxi Zhu, Zhaoyuan Chen, Zhisheng Huang, Zhanhong Jin, Yang Li, et al. "A laser source driver in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for high speed quantum key distribution." AIP Advances 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 125025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118778.

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has rapidly developed recently. The repetition frequency of the QKD system increases from tens or hundreds of MHz to GHz. A laser diode (LD) operating in gain-switched mode is widely used as a weak coherent light source in a QKD system. We present an LD driver circuit fabricated in 0.18 μm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The circuit can operate at frequencies up to 2.5 GHz, satisfying the requirements of high-speed laser drives in practical QKD systems. The output current of the driver circuit can reach 100 mA when driving an LD whose input equivalent resistance is ∼21 Ω. The extinction ratio of the 1550-nm distributed feedback LD light source driven by our driver circuit reaches 23 dB at the operating frequency of 2.5 GHz, meeting the requirements of QKD systems. This circuit will be used in miniaturized QKD systems.
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3

Li, Shiwu, Shishu Zhao, and Mengzhu Guo. "Research on driving proneness in car-following behaviours based on multi-source real driving data." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 12 (April 14, 2021): 2974–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211010566.

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There is little research on the degrees of drivers’ short-term behaviours regarding driving safety. To solve this problem, this paper investigated the concept of driving proneness and evaluated the propensities of different drivers to engage in different operations for the following scenarios of urban traffic. From the real driving data of sixteen drivers on a city road, car-following data fragments were extracted and six key parameters were obtained: throttle percentage, change rate of throttle percentage, brake pressure, change rate of brake pressure, absolute value of steering angle and absolute value of steering angle speed. Symbolic Aggregate Approximation was used to reduce the dimensionality of the parameters. The input of the Hidden Markov Model-Viterbi was obtained by the use of statistical methods. The output of the model is the probability of the three proneness states of introversion, neutrality and extroversion, from which the proneness value of each driver was calculated. The weighted proneness value of each driver was obtained by the use of the entropy weight method to assign weights to each parameter. The operating characteristics of the drivers were also analysed and described. The method presented in this paper can provide accurate and real-time warning in network-driven environments.
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4

Mori, Y. "FFAG proton driver for muon source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 451, no. 1 (August 2000): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00555-6.

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5

Zhao, Dengfeng, Junjian Hou, Yudong Zhong, Wenbin He, Zhijun Fu, and Fang Zhou. "Driver Identification Methods in Electric Vehicles, a Review." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110207.

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Driver identification is very important to realizing customized service for drivers and road traffic safety for electric vehicles and has become a research hotspot in the field of modern automobile development and intelligent transportation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of driver identification methods. The basic process of driver identification task is proposed as four steps, the advantages and disadvantages of different data sources for driver identification are analyzed, driver identification models are divided into three categories, and the characteristics and research progress of driver identification models are summarized, which can provide a reference for further research on driver identification. It is concluded that on-board sensor data in the natural driving state is objective and accurate and could be the main data source for driver identification. Emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things have contributed to building a deep learning hybrid model with high accuracy and robustness and representing an important gradual development trend of driver identification methods. Developing a driver identification method with high accuracy, real-time performance, and robustness is an important development goal in the future.
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Lin, L. T. S., M. A. Prelas, Z. He, J. T. Bahns, W. C. Stwalley, G. H. Miley, M. Petra, E. G. Batyrbekov, and Y. R. Shaban. "Design of an ICF plant using a nuclear-driven solid-state laser." Laser and Particle Beams 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008879.

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An ICF plant is designed to use nuclear-driven flashlamp-pumped solid-state lasers as fusion drivers. It is proposed to use a separated fission reactor with aerosol fuel to drive alkali metal excimer flashlamps as the pumping source for solid-state lasers. The first observation of nuclear-excited sodium excimer emission at 436 nm in a TRIGA reactor with 815 Torr of He-3 and 60 Torr of sodium vapor (at T = 924 K) is reported. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of a nuclear-driven alkali metal excimer lamp. The compatibility of alkali metal excimers with different laser crystals is evaluated for driver efficiency. High overall laser efficiency ensures large fractional output power extraction from nuclear fusion by this plant. The suitability of laser crystals for the ICF plant is also presented.
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7

Yang, Jinghan, Dong Li, Peng Chen, Zengshan Li, Yubo Zhang, and Dezhi Chen. "Study on influence on plasma under current-generated magnetic filter using Langmuir probe in HUST negative ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012039.

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Abstract The current-generated magnetic filter is widely used in negative ion sources to bring down electron temperature and optimize source operation. The effect of the current-generated magnetic filter on plasma generation and transport is important. The axial distribution of cesium-free plasma parameters under different magnetic filter configurations was measured by a movable Langmuir probe at HUST negative ion source. Abnormal changes of plasma parameters are discovered at the driver exit. When the magnetic filter field penetrates into the driver, plasma density inside the driver increase, and the high-density high-temperature region of plasma expands outside of the driver. And the radiofrequency power coupling is also influenced by the magnetic filter. These experimental phenomena indicate that a new magnetic filter configuration is required to optimize source operation.
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8

Yang, Jinghan, Dong Li, Peng Chen, Zengshan Li, Yubo Zhang, and Dezhi Chen. "Study on influence on plasma under current-generated magnetic filter using Langmuir probe in HUST negative ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012039.

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Abstract The current-generated magnetic filter is widely used in negative ion sources to bring down electron temperature and optimize source operation. The effect of the current-generated magnetic filter on plasma generation and transport is important. The axial distribution of cesium-free plasma parameters under different magnetic filter configurations was measured by a movable Langmuir probe at HUST negative ion source. Abnormal changes of plasma parameters are discovered at the driver exit. When the magnetic filter field penetrates into the driver, plasma density inside the driver increase, and the high-density high-temperature region of plasma expands outside of the driver. And the radiofrequency power coupling is also influenced by the magnetic filter. These experimental phenomena indicate that a new magnetic filter configuration is required to optimize source operation.
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9

Liang, Mei, Jiwen Chen, Jinchao Bai, Pengyu Jia, and Yuzhe Jiao. "A New Gate Driver for Suppressing Crosstalk of SiC MOSFET." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203268.

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High switching-speed Silicon Carbide Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (SiC MOSFET) has serious crosstalk issues. During the turn-ON transition and turn-OFF transition of the active switch in a phase-leg configuration, the voltage drops across the common-source inductor and the displacement current of the gate-drain capacitor of the OFF-state switch induce a spurious pulse on its gate-source voltage. This paper proposes a new gate driver using two Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and one diode to connect the gate terminal of SiC MOSFET and the negative driver voltage, which provides a low impedance path to bypass the displacement current of the gate-drain capacitor when crosstalk issues occur. The simulation results prove the proposed driver is valid on suppressing the crosstalk issue. The comparisons between the prior drivers and the proposed driver show the superiority of the proposed driver. Finally, the proposed gate driver is successfully implemented and experimentally verified on a 1.1 kW synchronous buck prototype.
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10

Chen, Fu-Zen, Yu-Cheng Song, and Fu-Shun Ho. "An Efficiency Improvement Driver for Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Pulsed Laser Systems." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061197.

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The master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) pulsed laser, one of the popular topologies for high-power fiber laser systems, is widely applied in industrial machining laser systems. In MOPA, the low-power pulsed laser, stimulated from a seed laser diode, is amplified by the high- power optical energy from pump laser diodes via the gain fiber. Generally, the high-power pump laser diodes are driven by lossy linear current drivers. The switched mode current drivers boost the driver efficiency but suffer from pulse energy consistency due to the current switching ripple. In this paper, a laser driver system that varies the switching frequency of current source to synchronize with pulsed laser repetition rate is analyzed and implemented. Experimental results are demonstrated using a 20 W pulsed fiber laser system.
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11

Fan, Xian Guang, Zhen Bang Hu, Ying Jie Xu, Xiu Fen Wang, Xin Wang, and Yong Zuo. "Pulsed Driver Control System for High-Power LED." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1178.

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Pulsed current source is used to drive high-power LED in thermal analysis and testing. A new scheme to design the high-power LED pulsed current source, which integrates FPGA device, with highly quality single-chip microcomputer C8051F as the control center, is introduced. In order to obtain the LED automatic current control, the negative feedback is used in the LED pulsed driver. The pulsed current source consists of constant-current source and couple output interface controlled by square pulse signal, which ensures the stability of pulsed current, rise time and fall time. It is convenient to adjust the pulse current amplitude, pulse width, pulse cycle and sampling gate independently. Results show that the current stability of the driver control system can obtain 0.01%.
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12

Liang, Chuan, Mingjia Li, Wenchuan Wang, and Zhenghong Li. "A trigger source for linear transformer driver." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): P01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01018.

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Abstract A repetitive low jitter trigger source applied in triggering the multi-gap gas switch of the linear transformer driver (LTD) stage, is designed and developed in this paper.The pulse source based on fast Marx topology can repetitively output a low jitter high voltage pulse into a 50 Ω resistance load with peak value of 150 kV, rising time of 7 ns, width of 260 ns and rep-rate 0.1 Hz. Proper design of stray capacitance to peak the output pulse and employing the UV light to pre-ionize each consequent stage gap to reduce the switch delay time and jitter have been proposed. All those have been demonstrated feasible and reliable. A software program control unit has been developed for operation and control of fast Marx generator. The software gives full remote control by a computer via optical fiber communication. The experimental results show that the trigger source can continuously and reliably generate a 150 kV/260 ns pulse into a resistive load every 10 s with 1-σ jitter less than 2.7 ns. The trigger source is compact and portable and agrees well with the trigger demands of LTD for new fusion energy.
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13

Boscolo, Manuela, Jean-Pierre Delahaye, and Mark Palmer. "The Future Prospects of Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 10, no. 01 (August 2019): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179362681930010x.

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The potential of muon beams for high energy physics applications is described along with the challenges of producing high quality muon beams. Two proposed approaches for delivering high intensity muon beams, a proton driver source and a positron driver source, are described and compared. The proton driver concepts are based on the studies from the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP). The MAP effort focused on a path to deliver muon-based facilities, ranging from neutrino factories to muon colliders, that could span research needs at both the intensity and energy frontiers. The Low EMittance Muon Accelerator (LEMMA) concept, which uses a positron-driven source, provides an attractive path to very high energy lepton colliders with improved particle backgrounds. The recent study of a 14-TeV muon collider in the LHC tunnel, which could leverage the existing CERN injectors and infrastructure and provide physics reach comparable to the 100[Formula: see text]TeV FCC-hh, at lower cost and with cleaner physics conditions, is also discussed. The present status of the design and R&D efforts towards each of these sources is described. A summary of important R&D required to establish a facility path for each concept is also presented.
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14

Kamaraj, Amudha V., and John D. Lee. "Accumulating Distrust: A Dynamic Model of Automation Disuse." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661380.

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Human-automation driving style similarity may be a source of trust that influences drivers’ automation use decisions. This is generally examined in scenarios where the driver is attentive to the automation. However, future automation may not require driver attention. Thus, driving style similarity must be revisited as various levels of attention may affect how drivers accumulate evidence of driving style similarity. A model that considers two levels of driver attention (attentive and non-attentive) in the drivers’ evidence accumulation process is proposed. Dissimilarity is used as the evidence that contributes to driver distrust leading to automation disuse. A 2 (conservative and aggressive automation) × 2 (attentive and non-attentive driver) simulation of car following is examined where the driver is assumed to behave conservatively. Simulation results indicated no significant effect of driving styles on disuse, but inattentiveness mitigates disuse. These simulations may inform future empirical studies.
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15

Cauffman, Stephen J., Yulin Deng, Yunmei Liu, Christopher Cunningham, David Kaber, and Jing Feng. "Driver Logo Sign Detection and Hazard Responses during Partially Automated Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641472.

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This study investigates the presentation of service logo information under partially automated driving. Drivers completed simulated drives with partial automation during which they had to detect target logo signs and react to hazards by taking over vehicle control when needed. Driver performance was measured in terms of sign detection rate, crash rate, and hazard response time. A number of factors, including sign information source, sign information load, and driver age group, were investigated. In general, our findings support the delivery of service logo information via in-vehicle display under partially automated driving, especially when the in-vehicle display occurred simultaneously with the on-road signage. Under this presentation condition, drivers were most accurate in detecting target logo signs, and showed little impairment from processing sign information as a secondary task when negotiating a hazard. Implications of the findings and future directions were discussed.
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16

Mir, Ajaz, Sanat Tiwari, and Abhijit Sen. "Bispectral analysis of nonlinear mixing in a periodically driven Korteweg–de Vries system." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 3 (March 2022): 032303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0077638.

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The nonlinear response of a periodically driven Korteweg–de Vries model system is studied using a variety of nonlinear drivers and compared to previous results obtained for a purely time-dependent sinusoidal driver by Mir et al. [Phys. Plasmas 27, 113701 (2020)]. It is found that a nonlinear driver in the form of a cnoidal-square wave or a traveling wave driver produces a spectral response that is closer to experimental observations of Nosenko et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 085001 (2004)] than that predicted by the simple sinusoidal driver. Using a bispectral analysis, we also firmly establish that the nature of the nonlinear oscillations, due to the interaction between the periodic source and the inherent collective mode of the system, is predominantly governed by a three-wave mixing process. Furthermore, by studying the variation in mixing patterns, from a broad to a sparse frequency spectrum, as a function of the driver frequency and its functional form, we propose a means of tailoring the nature of such patterns. Our results could find useful applications in the experimental interpretation and manipulation of nonlinear wave mixing patterns in weakly nonlinear and dispersive plasma systems or similar phenomena in neutral fluids.
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17

Chakraborty, Suddhasatwa, and Saswati Mazumdar. "Laboratory Experiment Based Studies On Effect Of Peripheral Source On OnAxis Visual Performance." Light & Engineering, no. 02-2022 (April 2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2021-116.

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The behavioural relationship among peripheral vision and onaxis vision is a very important parameter required to be investigated thoroughly. In this paper the influence of peripheral vision on onaxis vision has been investigated in a controlled environment. One behavioural experimentbased studies have been carried out to validate the relationship rigidly. In this experiment, the effect of peripheral vision on onaxis performance of a driver in a motorized road is a very important parameter considered. In this simulationbased study a driver simulator is used. There is a peripheral controlled glare source, which has been introduced at offaxis with respect to the line of sight. The glare source contrast (positive and negative) with respect to the background has been changed gradually and all the subjects (drivers) were made occupied with an onaxis task. The detection of peripheral glare source with respect to the onaxis performance of the subjects (drivers) has been recorded as detection time and also the number of misses for identifying the peripheral source.
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18

Mann, Ian, Belinda Sandler, Nick Linton, and Prapa Kanagaratnam. "Drivers of Atrial Fibrillation: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Concerns." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 7, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2017.40.3.

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Understanding the mechanisms responsible for driving AF is key to improving the procedural success for AF ablation. In this review, we look at some of the proposed drivers of AF, the disagreement between experts and the challenges confronted in attempting to map AF. Defining a ‘driver’ is also controversial, but for the purposes of this review we will consider an AF driver to be either a focal or localised source demonstrating fast, repetitive activity that propagates outward from this source, breaking down in to disorganisation further away from its origin.
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19

St. John, N., S. Mandal, S. Miryala, P. Maj, G. W. Deptuch, E. Raguzin, and S. Rescia. "A low-power 1 Gb/s line driver with configurable pre-emphasis for lossy transmission lines." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): C04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/c04009.

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Abstract A line driver with configurable pre-emphasis is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The driver utilizes a three-tap feed-forward equalization architecture. The relative delays between the taps are selectable in increments of 1/16th of the unit interval via an 8-stage delay-locked loop and digital interpolator. It is also possible to control the output amplitude and source impedance for each tap via a programmable array of eight source-series terminated drivers. The entire design consumes 9 mW from a 1.2 V supply at 1 Gb/s.
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20

Meng, Pinchao, Yuanyuan Chai, and Weishi Yin. "Dual-Driven Solver for Reconstructing the Point Sources of Elastic Wave Based on Far-Field Data." Universe 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9030148.

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Aiming at the inverse source problem of an elastic wave, a dual-driver solver is considered to reconstruct the point sources. In this way, the number, location, and magnitude of the point sources can be reconstructed from far-field measurement data. The solver is composed of a data-driven module and a physical-driven module, which is coupled by a loss. The loss of the data-driven module and the physical-driven module are both the driving force of the solver evolution. The solver takes the far-field data as the input, and the number, location, and magnitude of the point sources as the output. It is trained by the Adam algorithm. Numerical experiments show that this method is effective for reconstructing the multi-sources.
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21

Viktorová, Lucie, Klára Mičková, and Ladislav Stanke. "Czech Drivers’ Glare Perception Survey." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148922.

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Worldwide, road-users complain about glare from oncoming cars’ headlights, often blaming new light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, drivers’ own behavior and attitudes might contribute to the issue of glare. The aim of this research was to establish the prevalence of on-road glare and its associations with drivers’ attitudes in a sample of Czech drivers. We used an online survey and gained responses from 539 passenger-car-drivers. The majority experienced glare at least once a week or almost daily, identifying mainly white- or bluish-colored headlights as the source of glare. However, about 60% of participants would prefer the view of the road that is provided by these sources, and an association was found between the preferred part of the lighting color spectrum and the perceived glare source color. A large proportion of drivers were also not aware of the specifics of the lighting sources that they used. These findings suggest the need for driver education in the area of automotive lighting and glare prevention.
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22

Ngo, Huu Tien. "App-based motorbike taxi driver: The career trend in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from 2021-2026." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.03.01.

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Recently, app-based motorbike taxi drivers have been one of Vietnam's most popular jobs, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. This is a job with simple requirements and a stable income, and it makes travelling convenient for city dwellers and is a source of livelihood for many people of this largest city. The aim of this paper is to prove that app-base motorbike taxi driver is the career trend in Ho Chi Minh City from 2021 to 2026 by using a literature review method because the method used in this paper is supported by relevant sources. Although severely affected by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic during the past two years like other occupations, technology motorbikes taxi driver will still attract many people in the next five years. Keywords: app-based motorbike taxi, driver, Ho Chi Minh City, career trend, from 2021 to 2026.
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23

Zope Chaitali K, Y. C. Kulkarni, Zope Chaitali K. "Driver Aided System Using Open Source Computer Vision." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 03, no. 05 (May 30, 2015): 3779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijircce.2015.0305006.

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24

Bandyopadhyay, Mainak, Ravi Pandey, Sejal Shah, Gourab Bansal, Deepak Parmar, Agrajit Gahlaut, Jignesh Soni, et al. "Two RF Driver-Based Negative Ion Source Experiment." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, no. 3 (March 2014): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2013.2295718.

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25

Wang, Xiaoyuan, Yongqing Guo, Chenglin Bai, Quan Yuan, Shanliang Liu, and Xuegang (Jeff) Ban. "The Emergence Characteristics of Driver’s Intentions Influenced by Different Emotions." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 13292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313292.

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Drivers’ behavioral intentions can affect traffic safety, vehicle energy use, and gas emission. Drivers’ emotions play an important role in intention generation and decision making. Determining the emergence characteristics of driver intentions influenced by different emotions is essential for driver intention recognition. This study focuses on developing a driver’s intention emergence model with the involvement of driving emotion on two-lane urban roads. Driver emotions were generated using various ways, including visual stimuli (video and picture), material incentives, and spiritual rewards. Real and virtual driving experiments were conducted to collect the multi-source dynamic data of human–vehicle–environment. The driver intention emergence model was constructed based on an artificial neural network, to identify the influences of drivers’ emotions on intention, as well as the evolution characteristics of drivers’ intentions in different emotions. The results show that the proposed model can make accurate predictions on driver intention emergence. The findings of this study can be used to improve drivers’ behavior, in order to create more efficient and safe driving. It can also provide a theoretical foundation for the development of an active safety system for vehicles and an intelligent driving command system.
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26

Xu, Mengyao, Hua Jia, Weiding Huan, and Jiafang Shan. "A Startup Control Method for Plasma Lamps by Using Fractional-N Phase-Locked Loop Microwave Driver." Electronics 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162576.

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The microwave-driven plasma light source has the feature of the full spectrum, similar to sunlight, and has broad application prospects. Startups of plasma lamps are very difficult since the plasma density and the resonator impedance are changing constantly with the warm-up process and the RF driver can hardly couple the power to the plasma efficiently. This paper presents a startup control method for plasma lamps by using an integrated fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) as the RF signal source. An RF control module including a 21 dBm RF source with a band of 430–460 MHz and detection circuits for the RF driver is developed, and the startup process of the plasma lamp is further studied by analyzing the return loss of the resonator under the plasma load. According to the test result, the maximum frequency deviation of the RF control module is 3.3 kHz over the working temperature range of −40–80 °C. The designed RF control module is used to drive a high-power amplifier to start the plasma lamp automatically. It takes 79 s to achieve the stable arc operation from the gas breakdown. The return loss of the resonator is −26 dB, with an incident power of 171 W and reflected power of 418 mW, indicating that the RF driver and the plasma achieve good coupling. Compared with continuous wave, the luminous flux of the lamp powered by RF pulse improves by 18% under the same electric power. This startup control method has stable performance, small temperature drift, and an effective control function for plasma lamps.
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27

Rahimi, M. "A Task, Behavior, and Environmental Analysis for Automobile Left-Turn Maneuvers." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 15 (October 1989): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301501.

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A predominance of automobile-motorcycle accidents occurs when drivers turn left across the path of on-coming motorcycles. The source of driver failure may be perceptual, cognitive, environmental, or some interaction among these factors. This paper begins with a task analysis of driver behavior, automobile design considerations, and environmental variables in a left-turn scenario. Then, a methodology is presented to evaluate features of traffic intersections. Finally, an experiment is explained to indicate the differences in patterns of driver eye and head movements at a busy versus a quiet intersection.
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28

Rąbkowski, Jacek. "A current-source concept for fast and efficient driving of silicon carbide transistors." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0026.

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Abstract The paper discusses the application of the current-source concept in the gate drivers for silicon carbide transistors. There is a common expectation that all SiC devices will be switched very fast in order to reach very low values of switching energies. This may be achieved with the use of suitable gate drivers and one of possibilities is a solution with the current source. The basic idea is to store energy in magnetic field of a small inductor and then release it to generate the current peak of the gate current. The paper describes principles of the current-source driver as well as various aspects of practical implementation. Then, the switching performance of the driven SiC transistors is illustrated by double-pulse test results of the normally-ON and normally-OFF JFETs. Other issues such as problem of the drain-gate capacitance and power consumption are also discussed on the base of experimental results. All presented results show that the currentsource concept is an interesting option to fast and efficient driving of SiC transistors.
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Ulrich, Luca, Francesca Nonis, Enrico Vezzetti, Sandro Moos, Giandomenico Caruso, Yuan Shi, and Federica Marcolin. "Can ADAS Distract Driver’s Attention? An RGB-D Camera and Deep Learning-Based Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 11587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411587.

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Driver inattention is the primary cause of vehicle accidents; hence, manufacturers have introduced systems to support the driver and improve safety; nonetheless, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) must be properly designed not to become a potential source of distraction for the driver due to the provided feedback. In the present study, an experiment involving auditory and haptic ADAS has been conducted involving 11 participants, whose attention has been monitored during their driving experience. An RGB-D camera has been used to acquire the drivers’ face data. Subsequently, these images have been analyzed using a deep learning-based approach, i.e., a convolutional neural network (CNN) specifically trained to perform facial expression recognition (FER). Analyses to assess possible relationships between these results and both ADAS activations and event occurrences, i.e., accidents, have been carried out. A correlation between attention and accidents emerged, whilst facial expressions and ADAS activations resulted to be not correlated, thus no evidence that the designed ADAS are a possible source of distraction has been found. In addition to the experimental results, the proposed approach has proved to be an effective tool to monitor the driver through the usage of non-invasive techniques.
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Prathyusha, Ch, and Mrutyunjaya S. Yalawar. "An Approach for Detecting Drowsy Drivers in Vehicle using CNN Techniques." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c7246.0911322.

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On average, 1200 accidents happen on Indian roadways every day, resulting in 400 fatalities and numerous injuries. Accidents brought on by sleepiness can be the result of fatigue or intoxication. Long periods of driving or drinking can make drivers drowsy, which is their main source of distraction. can make drivers drowsy, which is their main source of distraction. There's a chance that this diversion will lead to. The driver, additional passengers, and pedestrians were also murdered in addition to those in the other vehicles. along a highway A driver's negligence on the road could lead to their own demise, the deaths of others, and a challenging scenario for those people's families. To avoid such accidents, I proposed a system that alerts the driver if she or he begins to feel sleepy. We put the approach into practice by employing a machine learning model based on computer vision. The driver's face is fed into a classification algorithm that has been trained on images of non-drowsy and drowsy faces. This algorithm uses landmark detection to determine whether the face is sleepy or awake. The system generates an alarm if the driver's face is sleepy. The alarm can alert the driver that he or she is drowsy and allow the driver to take the necessary actions. So, in order to avoid these accidents, we will create a system using Python, OpenCV, and Keras that will alert the driver if he feels unsafe. sleepy. Drowsiness detection is a safety technology that can help prevent accidents caused by drowsiness.by drivers who nodded off while driving.
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Xie, Y. H., J. L. Wei, Y. M. Gu, Y. J. Xu, L. Z. Liang, Q. L. Cui, W. liu, et al. "The negative beam source with single driver for CRAFT NNBI: design and conditioning results." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (July 1, 2023): C07017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07017.

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Abstract The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is a large scientific facility that is preferentially deployed for the construction of major national science and technology infrastructures. A negative beam source based neutral beam injector (NNBI) with beam energy of 200–400 keV, beam power of 2 MW and beam duration of 100 s is one of the devices. A giant radio frequency (RF) based negative beam source was designed for the CRAFT NNBI system. In order to understand the physics and pre-study the engineering problems for RF negative beams source, several beam sources with different scales will be designed and tested. According to the R&D schedule, a negative beam source with a single driver was designed, developed and tested first. The single driver beam source is a quarter of the size of the full size negative beam source. It contains an RF driver, an expansion chamber and a negative ion accelerator with three electrodes, which are a plasma grid (PG), extraction grid (EG) and ground grid (GG). To enhance the negative ion production, Cesium is injected into the plasma chamber and a magnetic filter filed is produced by current flow through the PG to decrease the electron temperature. The negative beam source was tested on the test facility after assembly, including RF plasma generation, negative ion production, extraction and acceleration. The characteristic of plasma discharge, beam extraction and acceleration was studied without and with Cs injection. The long pulse of 105 seconds negative ion beam was achieved successfully. The extracted negative ion current is 4 A and the ratio of electron and negative ion is around 0.8. It lays a good foundation for the R&D of negative ion source with a multi-driver for the CRAFT NNBI system. The details of the design and experimental results of beam source was shown in this paper.
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Matalata, Hendi, and Rozlinda Dewi. "Desain Rangkaian Gate Driver Analog untuk Dual Mosfet Drivers." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1534.

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Switching techniques have been continued to develop, including sinusoidal PWM, space vector PWM, current tracking PWM, harmonic elimination PWM and others. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but the most commonly used methods are sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM. PWM that is generated using a microcontroller or analog IC component generally has a maximum voltage value of 5V. To strengthen the PWM wave, a gate-driver circuit is needed, so that the PWM control wave is able to move the IGBT / MOSFET. On this paper, the design of gate driver circuit use An analog IC, which starts from the generation of two waves, namely a sinusoidal wave and a DC source to be compared (Comparator) so that it can produce a PWM wave. Then this PWM wave is isolated using an optocoupler and MOSFET driver IC to limit interference in the switching process on high power supplies. Based on the results, it can be cancluded PWM control wave output from the gate-driver circuit is isolated from the system intended for designing a power converter and other applications.
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Kern, Dagmar, and Schneegaß Stefan. "CARS – Configurable Automotive Research SimulatorCARS – Konfigurierbarer Fahrsimulator zur Bewertung der Fahrerablenkung." i-com 8, no. 2 (August 2009): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/icom.2009.0022.

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AbstractThe complexity of automotive user interfaces increased rapidly in the last decades, drivers are now confronted with many new functions. Infotainment, entertainment and comfort systems as well as driver assistance systems contribute to this trend. The use of new functionalities inevitably increases the driver′s interaction with the user interface and decreases the driver′s focus on driving. Before introducing new functionalities in the car it is essential to evaluate their effect on driver distraction. We present CARS, an open source driving simulator tool for evaluating automotive user interfaces. We give an overview of CARS′ characteristics and present the map editor, the driving simulation tool, and the analysis tool included in CARS. Based on results from initial user studies we illustrate the effectiveness of CARS in evaluating different secondary tasks with regard to driver distraction.
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Bojar, Piotr, and Mariusz Mikulski. "Assessment of the impact of selected factors forcing the driver’s energy consumption." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.036.

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The drivers' workplace has an impact on the safety of transport. Among the factors causing changes in driver behavior are the anthropechnical factors resulting from the actions of people in the vehicle and its surroundings, external ones resulting from the impact of weather conditions as well as the condition of the infrastructure and work resulting from the operation of the means of transport.One of such working factors is the noise which may be the source of: a drive unit, drive transmission system, suspension system, etc. The paper attempts to identify and assess the impact of this factor on the energy consumption of the driver's work.
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Lovass, Melanie K., Dustin J. Marshall, and Giulia Ghedini. "Conspecific chemical cues drive density-dependent metabolic suppression independently of resource intake." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 17 (July 24, 2020): jeb224824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224824.

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ABSTRACTWithin species, individuals of the same size can vary substantially in their metabolic rate. One source of variation in metabolism is conspecific density – individuals in denser populations may have lower metabolism than those in sparser populations. However, the mechanisms through which conspecifics drive metabolic suppression remain unclear. Although food competition is a potential driver, other density-mediated factors could act independently or in combination to drive metabolic suppression, but these drivers have rarely been investigated. We used sessile marine invertebrates to test how food availability interacts with oxygen availability, water flow and chemical cues to affect metabolism. We show that conspecific chemical cues induce metabolic suppression independently of food and this metabolic reduction is associated with the downregulation of physiological processes rather than feeding activity. Conspecific cues should be considered when predicting metabolic variation and competitive outcomes as they are an important, but underexplored, source of variation in metabolic traits.
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Sun, Chuan, Chaozhong Wu, Duanfeng Chu, Zhenji Lu, Jian Tan, and Jianyu Wang. "A Recognition Model of Driving Risk Based on Belief Rule-Base Methodology." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 11 (July 24, 2018): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418500374.

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This paper aims to recognize driving risks in individual vehicles online based on a data-driven methodology. Existing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have difficulties in effectively processing multi-source heterogeneous driving data. Furthermore, parameters adopted for evaluating the driving risk are limited in these systems. The approach of data-driven modeling is investigated in this study for utilizing the accumulation of on-road driving data. A recognition model of driving risk based on belief rule-base (BRB) methodology is built, predicting driving safety as a function of driver characteristics, vehicle state and road environment conditions. The BRB model was calibrated and validated using on-road data from 30 drivers. The test results show that the recognition accuracy of our proposed model can reach about 90% in all situations with three levels (none, medium, large) of driving risks. Furthermore, the proposed simplified model, which provides real-time operation, is implemented in a vehicle driving simulator as a reference for future ADAS and belongs to research on artificial intelligence (AI) in the automotive field.
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37

GAO Yuan, 高原, 魏廷存 WEI Ting-cun, and 李博 LI Bo. "Design of 10-bit TFT-LCD Source Driver Circuit." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 26, no. 6 (2011): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/yjyxs20112606.0808.

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38

Tschirhart, Darryl J., and Praveen K. Jain. "A Dual-Channel Current Source Driver for Complementary Switches." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 12 (December 2014): 6494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2302009.

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39

Möllers, Roger. "Haptic Accelerators The Active Information Source for the Driver." ATZelektronik worldwide 12, no. 1 (February 2017): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-017-0009-2.

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40

Small, Jeffrey A., and Christopher A. Ludden. "42.2: Handset Architecture with Integrated Framestore/Source Driver IC." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 34, no. 1 (2003): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1832511.

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41

Zhang, Liqi, Suxuan Guo, Pengkun Liu, and Alex Q. Huang. "Comparative Evaluation and Analysis of Gate Driver Impacts on a SiC MOSFET-Gate Driver Integrated Power Module." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-wa35_023.

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Abstract SiC MOSFET-gate driver integrated power module is proposed to provide ultra-low stray inductance compared to traditional TO-247 or TO-220 packages. Kelvin connection eliminates the common source stray inductance and zero external gate resistor enables faster switching. This module can be operated at MHz switching frequency for high power applications with lower switching losses than discrete packages. Two different gate drivers and two different SiC MOSFETs are grouped and integrated into three integrated power modules. Comparative evaluation and analysis of gate driver impacts on switching speed of SiC MOSFET is shown in detail. The paper provides an insight of the gate driver impacts on the device switching performance in an integrated power module.
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42

Wu, Zhaohui, Kangping Chen, and Bin Li. "A High Crosstalk Suppression SiC MOSFET Gate Driver." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2584, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2584/1/012071.

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Abstract Fast switching speeds and high switching frequencies bring serious crosstalk problems in SiC MOSFET applications. In this paper, we design a SiC MOSFET gate driver with high crosstalk suppression capability by using a multi-level drive and active Miller clamp technology. In the design, an auxiliary branch is introduced to control the source potential of the SiC MOSFET to achieve multilevel driving. The branch has a simple structure, simple control logic, no external negative voltage supply, and adjustable negative output voltage. The proposed SiC MOSFET gate driver was designed using the Central Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (CSMC) 0.8 μm BCD high voltage process. The designed SiC MOSFET gate driver has an area of 2967 μm × 3180 μm. The simulation verification model is based on Wolfspeed’s SiC MOSFET product C3M0075120D. Post-layout simulation results show that a SiC MOSFET gate driver with a crosstalk suppression capability of over 150 V/ns is obtained, which can reliably drive SiC MOSFET power devices.
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43

Mu, Ping, Xiaoling Li, Yunguan Wang, Tao Wang, and Su Deng. "Abstract 93: An endogenous molecular brake preventing APOBEC-driven tumor mutational burden, heterogeneity and therapy resistance." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-93.

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Abstract Tumor mutational burden and heterogeneity fuel resistance to many targeted therapies, which inevitably limits the clinical outcome of patients. The cytosine deaminase APOBEC proteins are major drivers of mutagenesis in human cancer, with over 70% of tumors exhibiting a mutational signature that is impacted by APOBEC activity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which tumor cells hijack the powerful APOBEC mutagenesis machinery to promote heterogeneity and therapy resistance remain largely unknown. Through a multi-disciplinary approach integrating bulk and single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), whole-genome exome-sequencing (WES), and CRISPR library screening, we identified a long sought-after cell-intrinsic mechanism that prevents APOBEC-driven mutagenesis in non-malignant cells. The loss of this “molecular brake”, unleashes APOBEC3B-driven mutagenesis in malignant cells, which then becomes a key mutator and represents the long sought-after molecular source of driver mutations in some frequently mutated genes in cancers, including FOXA1, EP300, and AR. Functional screening identified eight crucial drivers for Androgen Receptor (AR)-targeted therapy resistance in prostate cancer that are mutated by APOBEC3B: BRD7, CBX8, EP300, FOXA1, HDAC5, HSF4, STAT3 and AR. Finally, contrary to conventional understanding, our study reveals that driver mutations in FOXA1 induced by APOBEC3B, not mutations in AR, evolutionarily outcompete other driver mutations and eventually dominate the resistant tumors. Collectively, these results uncover a cell-intrinsic mechanism that unleashes APOBEC-driven mutagenesis, which plays a significant role in conferring targeted therapy resistance and could be the potential therapeutic targets to overcome resistance. Citation Format: Ping Mu, Xiaoling Li, Yunguan Wang, Tao Wang, Su Deng. An endogenous molecular brake preventing APOBEC-driven tumor mutational burden, heterogeneity and therapy resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 93.
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Mu, Ping, Xiaoling Li, and Yunguan Wang. "Abstract PR001: An endogenous molecular brake preventing APOBEC-driven tumor mutational burden, heterogeneity and AR therapy resistance." Cancer Research 83, no. 11_Supplement (June 2, 2023): PR001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.prca2023-pr001.

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Abstract Tumor mutational burden and heterogeneity fuel resistance to many targeted therapies, which inevitably limits the clinical outcome of patients. The cytosine deaminase APOBEC proteins are major drivers of mutagenesis in human cancer, with over 70% of tumors exhibiting a mutational signature that is impacted by APOBEC activity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which tumor cells hijack the powerful APOBEC mutagenesis machinery to promote heterogeneity and therapy resistance remain largely unknown. Through a multi-disciplinary approach integrating bulk and single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), whole-genome exome-sequencing (WES), and CRISPR library screening, we identified a long sought-after cell-intrinsic mechanism that prevents APOBEC-driven mutagenesis in non-malignant cells. The loss of this “molecular brake” unleashes APOBEC3B-driven mutagenesis in malignant cells, which then becomes a key mutator and represents the long sought-after molecular source of driver mutations in some frequently mutated genes in cancers, including FOXA1, EP300, and AR. Functional screening identified eight crucial drivers for Androgen Receptor (AR)-targeted therapy resistance in prostate cancer that are mutated by APOBEC3B: BRD7, CBX8, EP300, FOXA1, HDAC5, HSF4, STAT3, and AR. Finally, contrary to conventional understanding, our study reveals that driver mutations in FOXA1 induced by APOBEC3B, not mutations in AR, evolutionarily outcompete other driver mutations and eventually dominate the resistant tumors. Collectively, these results uncover a cell-intrinsic mechanism that unleashes APOBEC-driven mutagenesis, which plays a significant role in conferring targeted therapy resistance and could be the potential therapeutic targets to overcome resistance. Citation Format: Ping Mu, Xiaoling Li, Yunguan Wang. An endogenous molecular brake preventing APOBEC-driven tumor mutational burden, heterogeneity and AR therapy resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR001.
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45

Mario, I., A. Pimazzoni, E. Sartori, B. Pouradier-Duteil, A. Sheperd, S. Denizeau, R. Casagrande, et al. "Optimizing the ITER NBI ion source by dedicated RF driver test stand." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012041.

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Abstract The experimental fusion reactor ITER will feature two (or three) heating neutral beam injectors (NBI) capable of delivering 33(or 50) MW of power into the plasma. A NBI consists of a plasma source for production of negative ions (extracted negative ion current up to 329 A/m2 in H and 285 A/m2 in D) then accelerated up to 1 MeV for one hour. The negative ion beam is neutralized, and the residual ions are electrostatically removed before injection. The beamline was designed for a beam divergence between 3 and 7 mrad. The ion source in ITER NBIs relies on RF-driven, Inductively-Coupled Plasmas (ICP), based on the prototypes developed at IPP Garching; RF-driven negative-ion beam sources have never been employed in fusion devices up to now. The recent results of SPIDER, the full size ITER NBI ion source operating at NBTF in Consorzio RFX, Padova, measure a beamlet divergence minimum of 12mrad and highlighted beam spatial non-uniformity. SPIDER results confirmed the experimental divergence found in smaller prototype sources, which is larger compared to filament-arc ion sources. Although prototype experiments have shown that the extracted current requirement can be achieved with minor design improvements, the beamlet divergence is expected to marginally achieve the design value of 7 mrad, which in multi-grid long accelerators results in unexpected heat loads over the accelerator grids. A contributor to the beam divergence is the energy/temperature of the extracted negative ions, so it is believed that plasma differences between the two source types play a role. Research is focused on the plasma parameters in the ion source. One RF driver, identical to the ones used in SPIDER, installed in a relatively small-scale experimental set-up, inherently more flexible than large devices, is starting operations devoted to the investigation of the properties of RF-generated plasmas, so as to contribute to the assessment of negative ion precursors, and of their relationship with the plasma parameters, particularly when enhancing plasma confinement. The scientific questions, that have arisen from the preliminary results of SPIDER, guided the design of the test stand, which are described in this contribution, together with the diagnostic systems and related simulation tools. The test stand, which shares with the larger experiment all the geometrical features and constraints, will allow technological developments and optimized engineering solutions related to the ICP design for the ITER NBIs.
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Ferdous, Fouzia, and A. B. M. Harun Ur Rashid. "Design of a high performance AC-DC LED driver based on SEPIC topology." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp870-885.

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Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are current driven devices. So, it is essential to maintain the stability of LED voltage and current. Variation of temperature may cause of instabilities and bifurcations in the LED driver. Driving LEDs from an offline power source faces design challenges like it have to maintain low harmonics in input current, to achieve high power factor, high efficiency and to maintain constant LED current and to ensure long lifetime. This paper proposes the technique of harmonics reduction by using parametric optimization of Single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) based LED driver. Without optimization of SEPIC parameters input energy will not be properly transferred to the load and this un-transferred energy will be transmitted to the source. Consequently, the quality of input current will be hampered i.e. harmonics will contaminate the input current. Focussing this, the paper has presented the design of a non-isolated integrated-stage single-switch constant current LED driver operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in SEPIC incorporating the design of control circuit with soft start mechanism. This LED driver has achieved a good efficiency (90.6%) and high-power factor (0.98) with reduced harmonics (3.35%). System stability has been determined and simulation studies are performed to confirm the validity of the LED driver circuit. A laboratory prototype is built.
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Muttart, Jeffrey W., Swaroop Dinakar, Gregory Vandenberg, and Michael Yosko. "The Influence of Driver Expectation when Recognizing Lighted Targets at Nighttime." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601111.

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Over the years, in a night time driving scenario, expectancy has been linked with faster night time recognition. This study tries to evaluate the ability of observers to identify illuminated objects on the road in the absence of an associative pattern. In this study 47 of 60 participants did not respond to a light source that was in the drivers’ travel lane ahead. Of those who did not respond to the light when directly ahead, 64% indicated that had seen it beforehand. When the light was 2 meters to the drivers’ right, 33% that saw the light failed to respond. All of the drivers who saw the light before striking it claimed that they thought it was off the road until too late. When the drivers did not know what the light source was, they could not decipher where the light was. However, once aware of the presence of the light the average recognition distance improved 192 meters (632 feet) with 100% recognition. These results fit well with the SEEV search model and an Information Theory approach to driver expectancy. Previous claims that the difference between expected and unexpected driver responses is a 2 to 1 ratio was not supported by this research.
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Ukagwu, Kelechi John, Prosper Kapalata, and Val Hyginus Udoka Eze. "Automated Power Source Selection System for Uninterrupted Supply: Integration of Main Power, Solar Energy, and Generator Power." Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Applied Science (JETAS) 6, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas-0601.632.

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A consistent power supply is indispensable across various sectors, spanning from households to critical institutions like research facilities, hospitals, and financial institutions. This study endeavors to ensure uninterrupted power provision to a load through an automated selection process among three primary power sources: main power, solar energy, and generator power, with main power being the primary preference. Implemented using an 8051 microcontroller, the system is linked to three switches representing each power source for simulation purposes. Upon detection of a switch release or deactivation, signifying the absence of that particular power source, the microcontroller promptly deactivates the corresponding relay driver. This relay driver then switches the relevant relay, facilitating seamless power continuity to the load if any switch is activated. A lamp or bulb serves as a demonstrative load powered by the primary source. In the event of a power outage, the system seamlessly transitions to the next available source, such as solar energy, and if required, to generator power. An LCD is employed to indicate the currently active power source, ensuring operational transparency and facilitating swift troubleshooting when necessary.
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Ihme, Klas, Christina Dömeland, Maria Freese, and Meike Jipp. "Frustration in the face of the driver." Interaction Studies 19, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17005.ihm.

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Abstract Frustration in traffic is one of the causes of aggressive driving. Knowledge whether a driver is frustrated may be utilized by future advanced driver assistance systems to counteract this source of crashes. One possibility to achieve this is to automatically recognize facial expressions of drivers. However, only little is known about the facial expressions of frustrated drivers. Here, we report the results of a driving simulator study investigating the facial muscle activity that comes along with frustration. Twenty-eight participants were video-taped during frustrated and non-frustrated driving situations. Their facial muscle activity was manually coded according to the Facial Action Coding System. Participants showed significantly more facial muscle activity in the mouth region. Thus, recording facial muscle behavior potentially provides traffic researchers and assistance system developers with the possibility to recognize frustration while driving.
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He, Hong, Feng Ling Zhang, and Zhi Hong Zhang. "Adjustable Multi-Light Wireless Remote Control System Designed LED Light." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1250.

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With the development of LED technology, the actual demand of the people for the smart home lighting, this paper designed a multiple lamps for indoor wireless remote control dimmable LED lighting systems. LED driver is using two levels of drive structure, and driver power supply adopts double-road current output, and the size of the output current of each constant current source is flexible to adjust by remote control. Wireless remote control part control multiple lamps by using 4 * 4 keyboard, which realizes intelligent management of LED interior lighting in the smart home.
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