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Journal articles on the topic 'Sound transmission loss sound radiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Suga, Hiromi, and Hideki Tachibana. "Sound Radiation Characteristics of Lightweight Roof Constructions Excited by Rain." Building Acoustics 1, no. 4 (December 1994): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9400100401.

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In order to investigate the sound radiation characteristics of lightweight roof constructions when excited by rainfall, an artificial rainfall apparatus was constructed to simulate natural rainfall conditions. From the measurement results, it can be seen that the facility developed is practically applicable for the examination of the sound radiation characteristics of rain noise. It was therefore used in the measurement of sound power of 20 lightweight roofs. In addition, the relationship between sound power level and sound transmission loss measured by the sound intensity method was investigated statistically. As a result, it has been shown that a linear relationship exists between them and there is a possibility of estimating the sound power level from the transmission loss.

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2

KUROSAWA, Yoshio, Taichi TSUNEKI, Tsuyoshi YAMASHITA, Tetsuya OZAKI, Yuki FUJITA, Taro MUSHIAKE, Manabu TAKAHASHI, and Naoyuki NAKAIZUMI. "Radiation Sound and Transmission Loss Analysis for Automotive Floor Carpet." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2020 (August 25, 2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2020.342.

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3

Kumar, Sathish, Leping Feng, and Ulf Orrenius. "Predicting the Sound Transmission Loss of Honeycomb Panels using the Wave Propagation Approach." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 97, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918466.

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The sound transmission properties of sandwich panels can be predicted with sufficient degree of accuracy by calculating the wave propagation properties of the structure. This method works well for sandwich panels with isotropic cores but applications to panels with anisotropic cores are hard to find. Honeycomb is an example of anisotropic material which when used as a core, results in a sandwich panel with anisotropic properties. In this paper, honeycomb panels are treated as being orthotropic and the wavenumbers are calculated for the two principle directions. These calculated wavenumbers are validated with the measured wavenumbers estimated from the resonance frequencies of freely hanging honeycomb beams. A combination of wave propagation and standard orthotropic plate theory is used to predict the sound transmission loss of honeycomb panels. These predictions are validated through sound transmission measurements. Passive damping treatment is a common way to reduce structural vibration and sound radiation, but they often have little effect on sound transmission. Visco-elastic damping with a constraining layer is applied to two honeycomb panels with standard and enhanced fluid coupling properties. This enhanced fluid coupling in one of the test panels is due to an extended coincidence range observed from the dispersion curves. The influence of damping treatments on the sound transmission loss of these panels is investigated. Results show that, after the damping treatment, the sound transmission loss of an acoustically bad panel and a normal panel are very similar.

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4

Zhang, Tong, Ludi Kang, Xin Li, Hongbo Zhang, and Bilong Liu. "Sound Transmission Prediction of Sandwich Plates With Honeycomb and Foam Cores and an Emphatic Discussion on Radiation Terms." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.11735.

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When applying the modal summation method to the sound transmission loss (STL) prediction of various plates, the assumption of the blocked sound pressure, or alternatively speaking, ignoring sound radiation terms, has obvious simplicity and is sometimes used for the single-layered panels, rib-stiffened plates or heavily damped sandwich plates. For light-weighted sandwich plates with honeycomb and foam cores, however, this assumption is somewhat in doubt and worth examining. Based on sixth-order differential equations governing the flexural vibration of sandwich plates, the prediction formula of STL is derived by the modal summation approach. Theoretical predictions were validated by measurement data. Next, the theoretical formula of STL under the assumption of the blocked sound pressure was examined. The STL discrepancies of sandwich plates caused by sound radiation terms are illustrated. It was found that the STL discrepancies of sandwich plates were closely related to frequency, reached their peak value at the coincidence frequency region. The results indicate that the sound radiation terms, or the couplings between the radiated sound pressure and the plate response, should not be ignored for the prediction of STL for sandwich plates with honeycomb and foam cores.

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5

Zhang, Rui, Desen Yang, Shengguo Shi, and Boquan Yang. "Model approximation for sound transmission from underwater structures in high-frequency range." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928309007.

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Sound-insulation model provides a straightforward way to describe sound transmission behaviours of the thin-walled structures in engineering applications. The sound transmission characteristics depend on the parameters of incident wave, such as incident wave amplitude and incident angles. However, this model is limited when the sound source is located in an enclosed space (e.g., noise source in underwater cabins), because it is difficult to obtain incident angles especially in the high-frequency range. In this paper, we develop a simply analytical model that can effectively study the sound transmission from an enclosed shell with internal acoustic excitation. In order to extend the application of the sound-insulation model to a submerged shell, the structural vibration equation is firstly simplified to the plate vibration equation. Then, the sound pressure near the inner surface of the shell is decomposed into an expansion of orthogonal cavity eigenmodes, and each cavity mode is replaced by two pairs of incident plane waves. Finally, the acoustic transmission loss can be obtained by substituting the parameters of incident waves into the sound-insulation model. Numerical results show that the sound transmission for the fundamental cavity mode (0, 0, 0) can be explained by the normal incidence in the sound-insulation model, while every other modes corresponds to a group of oblique incident plane waves whose incident angles decrease monotonically with the increase of frequency. In addition, it can be observed that the total reflection phenomenon in the sound-insulation model is consistent with the low radiation efficiency of the high order modes in the shell model.

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6

Chandra, N., S. Raja, and K. V. N. Gopal. "A Comprehensive Analysis on the Structural–Acoustic Aspects of Various Functionally Graded Plates." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 07, no. 05 (October 2015): 1550072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825115500726.

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The vibration, sound radiation and transmission characteristics of plates with various functionally graded materials (FGM) are explored and a detailed investigation is presented on the influence of specific material properties on structural–acoustic behavior. An improved model based on a simplified first order shear deformation theory along with a near-field elemental radiator approach is used to predict the radiated acoustic field associated with a given vibration and acoustic excitation. Various ceramic materials suitable for engineering applications are considered with aluminum as the base metal. A power law is used for the volume fraction distribution of the two constitutive materials and the effective modulus is obtained using the Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme. The structural–acoustic response of these FGM plates is presented in terms of the plate velocity, radiated sound power, sound radiation efficiency for point and uniformly distributed load cases. Increase in both vibration and acoustic response with increase in power law index is observed for the lower order modes. The vibro–acoustic metrics such as root-mean-squared plate velocity, overall sound power, frequency averaged radiation efficiency and transmission loss, are used to rank these materials for vibro–acoustically efficient combination. Detailed analysis has been made on the factors influencing the structural–acoustic behavior of various FGM plates and relative ranking of particular ceramic/metal combinations.

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7

Mao, Jie, Zhi Yong Hao, Xin Rui Chen, and Ji Yang. "The Application of SEA in Automobile Dash Sound Transmission Loss Numerical Calculation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.894.

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In order to study the structure-borne sound radiation, statistical energy analysis (SEA) was adopted and an automobile dash was divided into 31 subsystems; the modal density, damping loss factor (DLF) and coupling loss factor (CLF) were acquired, which were the basic parameters of SEA; then dash transmission loss (TL) at the middle and high frequency (MHF) ranging from 100 Hz to 10k Hz was calculated. The most outstanding advantage of SEA was that calculation could be fast done, which was more convenient than FEM (Finite Element Method) and BEM (Boundary Element Method). Finally, a TL experiment was designed to verify the feasibility and reliability of numerical calculation. The 1/3 octave TL curves of the simulation and experiment show a good consistency and the error is engineering permitted, which means SEA simulation possesses high credibility and can guide the engineering research.

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8

SEOK, JIN WAN, SUNG DAE NA, KI WOONG SEONG, JYUNG HYUN LEE, and MYOUNG NAM KIM. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SUBMINIATURE PARAMETRIC TRANSDUCER FOR HEARING REHABILITATION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 07 (November 2019): 1940041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419400414.

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Hearing loss is becoming increasingly common due to the aging of society and the development of multimedia devices. Hearing loss is classified by hearing level, and patients require early diagnosis and rehabilitation. To overcome hearing loss, hearing aids are used, but conventional hearing aids have disadvantages that reduce the efficiency of speech transmission. In this paper, we proposed a subminiature ultrasonic transducer with a miniaturized parametric speaker. The transducer generates sound waves with high directionality. These sound waves are focused on the umbo located the center of the tympanic membrane and connected to ossicles of the middle ear. To generate sound waves, various parameters are considered, such as target distance, radiation area, and primary frequency. We tested the directionality of the proposed transducer using extracted parameters at audible frequencies. As a result, we confirmed high directionality and audible sound generated by the proposed transducer. The method can be expected to be applied to high-efficiency hearing rehabilitation devices and various multimedia devices.

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9

Mao, Qi Bo. "Active Control of Sound Transmission Trough a Double Wall Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.858.

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Based on coupling structural-acoustic modal model, using piezoelectric materials and loudspeaker/microphones as actuator/sensors, the analytical simulations are presented for the actively controlled the sound transmission through double plate structure. Firstly, the results show the potential for using PVDF sensors to improve sound transmission loss. Secondly, the effects of parameters of actuator/sensor and double plate structure on control performances are discussed. And some useful conclusions are obtained, for example, if volume velocity sensor is applied to radiating plate, transmission loss will improve significantly, no matter what type actuators (i.e. loudspeakers or PZT actuators on either plate) are used; symmetrical rectangular PVDF sensors should be applied on radiating plate; using loudspeaker/microphone configuration should be avoided for the same thickness double plate structure; the increased thickness of cavity leads to the better control performance.

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10

Talebitooti, R., MR Zarastvand, and HD Gohari. "Investigation of power transmission across laminated composite doubly curved shell in the presence of external flow considering shear deformation shallow shell theory." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 19 (September 5, 2017): 4492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317727655.

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This study applies shear deformation shallow shell theory to inspect the acoustic behavior of laminated composite infinitely long doubly curved shallow shells subject to a radiating oblique plane sound wave. Herewith, a procedure is developed to investigate sound transmission loss through this shell, clarified as a ratio of incident power to transmitted power in the existence of mean flow. In a further step, displacements are developed as a linear combination of the thickness coordinate to designate an analytical solution based on shear deformation shallow shell theory. Consequently, an exact solution for sound transmission loss is brought forward by combining acoustic wave equations as a result of wave propagation through this shell with doubly curved shell equations of motion. Afterwards, the accuracy of the present formulation (shear deformation shallow shell theory) is determined by comparing the achieved results with those available in the literature and some assumptions associated with the geometric specifications of the plate are investigated. Finally, because of the remarkable achievement of the current formulation results in reduction of noise transmission into such structures, some effective parameters on sound transmission loss are used in numerical results, to solve this problem.

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11

Mao, Qibo, and Hui Shen. "Improvement on sound transmission loss through a double-plate structure by connected with a mass–spring–damper system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401771394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017713946.

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It is well-known that the acoustic performance of double-plate structures deteriorates rapidly around the mass–air–mass resonance frequency. In this study, a mass–spring–damper system connected between incident and radiating plates is used to improve the sound transmission loss at low-frequency ranges. First, a full structural-acoustic modal coupling model is developed to analyze the vibration and acoustical behaviour of the double-plate structures with mass–spring–damper system. Because there are in-phase or out-of-phase vibrations between double plates, tuning the natural frequency of the mass–spring–damper system exactly to the mass–air–mass resonance frequency cannot guarantee the maximum improvement on transmission loss. Optimal natural frequency and mass of the mass–spring–damper system were found as a solution of optimization problem with a global cost function defined as frequency-averaged sound transmission loss in the desired frequency range (around mass–air–mass resonance frequency). Finally, some numerical calculation results are presented. The calculated results show that the sound transmission loss of a double-plate structure can be improved significantly using optimally tuned mass–spring–damper system. The results indicate that an overall improvement of 12 dB below 1000 Hz can be achieved when the mass of the mass–spring–damper system equals to 10% weight of the double-plate structure.

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12

Lhuillier, V., L. Gaudiller, C. Pezerat, and S. Chesne. "Improvement of Transmission Loss Using Active Control with Virtual Modal Mass." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2008 (July 16, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/603084.

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This paper deals with an alternative modal active control approach to reduce sound transmission through a structure excited by an acoustic wave. Active control makes it possible to conserve lightness while improving acoustic performances. “Modal mass damping control” is proposed for light and small structures having slight modal overlap. The aim of this control is to modify the modal distribution of high radiation efficiency modes with active modal virtual mass and active modal damping. The active virtual mass effects lower eigen frequencies to less audible frequency range while reducing vibration amplitudes in a broad frequency range. An application of this concept is presented in a simple smart structure. It is harmonically excited on large bandwidth by a normal acoustic plane wave. Results obtained by active modal virtual mass and damping control are compared to other modal control approaches.

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13

Arunkumar, M. P., M. Jagadeesh, Jeyaraj Pitchaimani, K. V. Gangadharan, and M. C. Lenin Babu. "Sound radiation and transmission loss characteristics of a honeycomb sandwich panel with composite facings: Effect of inherent material damping." Journal of Sound and Vibration 383 (November 2016): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.07.028.

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14

Jia, Di, Fu Zhen Pang, Xu Chao Yin, and Ye Xi. "Study on the Vibro-Acoustic Characteristics of a Vibration Isolation Mass Structure with Composite Braces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.85.

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In this paper a vibration isolation mass structure with composite braces is proposed to reduce noise and vibration transmission through the hull and internals of a double cylindrical shell. Influence of the various complicating effects such as vibration isolation mass’s cross section size or the layout location on the vibration isolation performance of composite braces structure are discussed. Besides, we also provide a composite structure form with high transmission loss due to the theory of vibration insulation of isolation mass and noise reduction of damping material. Study shows that composite braces structure combined the appropriate vibration isolation mass with viscoelastic material can effectively decrease the hull vibration and sound radiation in the mid-high frequency domain, which can significantly attenuate transmission of the plate flexural wave.

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15

Santoni, Andrea, Paolo Bonfiglio, Patrizio Fausti, Cristina Marescotti, Valentina Mazzanti, and Francesco Pompoli. "Characterization and Vibro-Acoustic Modeling of Wood Composite Panels." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081897.

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Natural fiber-filled polymers offer good mechanical properties and economic competitiveness compared to traditional materials. Wood flour is one of the most widely used fillers, and the resulting material, known as wood plastic composite (WPC), has already found a wide applicability in many industrial sectors including automotive and building construction. This paper, as a followup of a previous study on a numerical-based approach to optimize the sound transmission loss of WPC panels, presents an extensive numerical and experimental vibro-acoustic analysis of an orthotropic panel made out of WPC boards. Both structural and acoustical excitations were considered. The panel radiation efficiency and its transmission loss were modeled using analytic and semi-analytic approaches. The mechanical properties of the structure, required as input data in the prediction models, were numerically determined in terms of wavenumbers by means of finite element simulations, and experimentally verified. The accuracy of the predicted acoustic performances was assessed by comparing the numerical results with the measured data. The comparisons highlighted a significant influence of the junctions between the WPC boards, especially on the panel’s transmission loss. The radiation efficiency results were mostly influenced by the boundary conditions of the plate-like structure. This latter aspect was further investigated through a finite element analysis.

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16

Yoo, Ji-Woo, Ki-Sang Chae, Chul-Min Park, Jin-Kwan Suh, and Ki-Yong Lee. "Evaluation of Design Variables to Improve Sound Radiation and Transmission Loss Performances of a Dash Panel Component of an Automotive Vehicle." Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 22, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2012.22.1.022.

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17

Hein, Stefan, Werner Koch, and Lothar Nannen. "Trapped modes and Fano resonances in two-dimensional acoustical duct–cavity systems." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 692 (January 5, 2012): 257–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.509.

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AbstractRevisiting the classical acoustics problem of rectangular side-branch cavities in a two-dimensional duct of infinite length, we use the finite-element method to numerically compute the acoustic resonances as well as the sound transmission and reflection for an incoming fundamental duct mode. To satisfy the requirement of outgoing waves in the far field, we use two different forms of absorbing boundary conditions, namely the complex scaling method and the Hardy space method. In general, the resonances are damped due to radiation losses, but there also exist various types of localized trapped modes with nominally zero radiation loss. The most common type of trapped mode is antisymmetric about the duct axis and becomes quasi-trapped with very low damping if the symmetry about the duct axis is broken. In this case a Fano resonance results, with resonance and antiresonance features and drastic changes in the sound transmission and reflection coefficients. Two other types of trapped modes, termed embedded trapped modes, result from the interaction of neighbouring modes or Fabry–Pérot interference in multi-cavity systems. These embedded trapped modes occur only for very particular geometry parameters and frequencies and become highly localized quasi-trapped modes as soon as the geometry is perturbed. We show that all three types of trapped modes are possible in duct–cavity systems and that embedded trapped modes continue to exist when a cavity is moved off centre. If several cavities interact, the single-cavity trapped mode splits into several trapped supermodes, which might be useful for the design of low-frequency acoustic filters.

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18

Wu, T. W., and G. C. Wan. "Muffler Performance Studies Using a Direct Mixed-Body Boundary Element Method and a Three-Point Method for Evaluating Transmission Loss." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888209.

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In this paper, a single-domain boundary element method is presented for muffler analysis. This method is based on a direct mixed-body boundary integral formulation recently developed for acoustic radiation and scattering from a mix of regular and thin bodies. The main feature of the mixed-body integral formulation is that it can handle all kinds of complex internal geometries, such as thin baffles, extended inlet/outlet tubes, and perforated tubes, without using the tedious multi-domain approach. The variables used in the direct integral formulation are the velocity potential (or sound pressure) on the regular wall surfaces, and the velocity potential jump (or pressure jump) on any thin-body or perforated surfaces. The linear impedance boundary condition proposed by Sullivan and Crocker (1978) for perforated tubes is incorporated into the mixed-body integral formulation. The transmission loss is evaluated by a new method called “the three-point method.” Unlike the conventional four-pole transfer-matrix approach that requires two separate computer runs for each frequency, the three-point method can directly evaluate the transmission loss in one single boundary-element run. Numerical results are compared to existing experimental data for three different muffler configurations.

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19

ZHENG, HUI, and ZHIPING WEI. "VIBROACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF STIFFENED PLATES WITH NONUNIFORM BOUNDARY CONDITIONS." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 05, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825113500464.

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This paper deals with vibroacoustic analysis of bidirectional stiffened thin plates with nonuniform discrete elastic edge restraints. The displacement-like governing equation of motion of the stiffened plate is derived by applying energy approach. A series of simple polynomials satisfying the Rayleigh–Ritz convergence criteria as well as the edge boundary conditions are then applied to discretize the governing equation, and the transverse displacements of the plate are solved considering the excitation of an incident acoustic plane wave. The commonly-adopted vibroacoustic indicators of elastic plane surface, i.e., mean square velocity (MSV), radiation efficiency (σ) and sound transmission loss (STL), are calculated for the stiffened plate with uniform and nonuniform discrete boundary conditions (BCs). Numerical studies are performed and results are discussed in detail for the vibroacoustic performance of the plate with different edge elastic restraints.

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20

Barra, Giuseppina, Liberata Guadagno, Luigi Vertuccio, Bartolome Simonet, Bricio Santos, Mauro Zarrelli, Maurizio Arena, and Massimo Viscardi. "Different Methods of Dispersing Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy Resin and Initial Evaluation of the Obtained Nanocomposite as a Matrix of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Laminate in Terms of Vibroacoustic Performance and Flammability." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182998.

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Different industrial mixing methods and some of their combinations ((1) ultrasound; (2) mechanical stirring; (3) by roller machine; (4) by gears machine; and (5) ultrasound radiation + high stirring) were investigated for incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into a resin based on an aeronautical epoxy precursor cured with diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). The effect of different parameters, ultrasound intensity, number of cycles, type of blade, and gear speed on the nanofiller dispersion were analyzed. The inclusion of the nanofiller in the resin causes a drastic increase in the viscosity, preventing the homogenization of the resin and a drastic increase in temperature in the zones closest to the ultrasound probe. To face these challenges, the application of high-speed agitation simultaneously with the application of ultrasonic radiation was applied. This allowed, on the one hand, a homogeneous dispersion, and on the other hand, an improvement of the dissipation of heat generated by ultrasonic radiation. The most efficient method was a combination of ultrasound radiation assisted by a high stirring method with the calendar, which was used for the preparation of a carbon fiber reinforced panel (CFRP). The manufactured panel was subjected to dynamic and vibroacoustic tests in order to characterize structural damping and sound transmission loss properties. Under both points of view, the new formulation demonstrated an improved efficiency with reference to a standard CFRP equivalent panel. In fact, for this panel, the estimated damping value was well above the average of the typical values representative of the carbon fiber laminates (generally less than 1%), and also a good vibroacoustic performance was detected as the nanotube based panel exhibited a higher sound transmission loss (STL) at low frequencies, in correspondence with the normal mode participation region. The manufactured panel was also characterized in terms of fire performance using a cone calorimeter and the results were compared to those obtained using a commercially available monocomponent RTM6 (Hexcel composites) epoxy aeronautic resin with the same process and the same fabric and lamination. Compared to the traditional RTM6 resin, the panel with the epoxy nanofilled resin exhibits a significant improvement in fire resistance properties both in terms of a delay in the ignition time and in terms of an increase in the thermal resistance of the material. Compared to the traditional panel, made in the same conditions as the RTM6 resin, the time of ignition of the nanotube-based panel increased by 31 seconds while for the same panel, the heat release rate at peak, the average heat release rate, and the total heat release decreased by 21.4%, 48.5%, and 15%, respectively. The improvement of the fire performance was attributed to the formation of a non-intumescent char due to the simultaneous presence of GPOSS and carbon nanotubes.

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21

Tocci, Gregory C., Timothy J. Foulkes, and Randolph E. Wright. "Glazing sound transmission loss studies." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023166.

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22

Kang, Chun-Won, and Yung-Bum Seo. "Sound Absorption and Sound Transmission Loss of Perforated Corrugated Board." Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 50, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/jktappi.2018.08.50.4.32.

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23

Walker, Keith W. "Sound transmission loss single number ratings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, S1 (May 1987): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024105.

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24

Halliwell, R. E., and A. C. C. Warnock. "Sound transmission loss: Comparison of conventional techniques with sound intensity techniques." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, no. 6 (June 1985): 2094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.391733.

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25

Trochides, A. "Improvement of partition airborne-sound transmission loss using sound-absorptive coverings." Applied Acoustics 28, no. 2 (1989): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(89)90014-5.

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26

Hong, Tan Wei, and C. F. Sin. "Sound Transmission Loss Analysis on Building Materials." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 6001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.4.2018.20.0457.

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This study is mainly to determine the sound transmission loss (STL) performance of the four selected building materials using the impedance tube. The four building materials are; autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), laminated glass, expanded polystyrene and rockwool. Transmission loss occurs when a sound goes through a partition or barrier. The specimens are prepared in two thicknesses, which are 10 mm and 20 mm. The STL of the specimen was determined and analysed. It is observed that the STL results for all the tested materials are having a similar trend, which is a thicker specimen gives higher STL. In general, all the materials deliver high STL at the frequency range of 3000 – 5500 Hz. In overall, the result shows that the expanded polystyrene scores the highest STL among the four building materials in this study. Six combinations of different material also were tested, and AAC & expanded polystyrene combination shows the highest STL value among the six combinations. The outcomes of this study can be referred by noise control engineer on the selection of the sound insulation material for the building noise insulation treatment.

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27

LeConte, Alain, and Ronald Moulder. "Wall structure having enhanced sound transmission loss." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107, no. 3 (2000): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428380.

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28

Uris, Antonio, Ignacio Guillen, Ana Llopis, Hermelando Estelles, and Jaime Llinares. "Sound transmission loss of tiled brick walls." Noise Control Engineering Journal 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2839241.

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29

Rajaram, Shankar, Tongan Wang, and Steven Nutt. "Sound transmission loss of honeycomb sandwich panels." Noise Control Engineering Journal 54, no. 2 (2006): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2888387.

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30

Lin, Huei-Jeng, Chao-Nan Wang, and Yan-Min Kuo. "Sound transmission loss across specially orthotropic laminates." Applied Acoustics 68, no. 10 (October 2007): 1177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.06.007.

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31

Siviero, Diego Azevedo, and José Roberto de França Arruda. "An indirect hybrid sound transmission loss controller." Applied Acoustics 73, no. 10 (October 2012): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.04.004.

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32

Maysenhölder, Waldemar. "Sound transmission loss of vacuum insulation panels." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935550.

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33

Chen, K. T., and S. H. Jan. "Sound Transmission Loss of Thick Perforated Panels." Building Acoustics 8, no. 1 (March 2001): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1351010011501722.

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A study is reported of the sound transmission loss of perforated panels. The study includes a theoretical analysis and measurement by means of sound intensity. The predicted transmission loss is similar to that measured above 630 Hz. The maximum discrepancy is less than 2 dB. The perforation in a thick panel is found to reduce the coincidence effect at the critical frequency.

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34

Ahmadi, Saeid, Parvin Nassiri, Ismaeil Ghasemi, and Mohamma Reza Monazzam Esmaeilpoor. "Sound transmission loss through nanoclay-reinforced polymers." Iranian Polymer Journal 24, no. 8 (June 24, 2015): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-015-0353-0.

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35

Santoni, Andrea, Paolo Bonfiglio, Patrizio Fausti, and Stefan Schoenwald. "Predicting sound radiation and sound transmission in orthotropic cross-laminated timber panels." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4988121.

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36

Lee, B. C., and S. R. Kim. "Effect of structure on sound absorption and sound transmission loss of composite sheet." Advanced Composite Materials 23, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243046.2013.868712.

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37

de Mey, A., and R. W. Guy. "Exploiting the laboratory measurement of sound transmission loss by the sound intensity technique." Applied Acoustics 20, no. 3 (1987): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(87)90022-3.

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38

Lai, J. C. S., and M. Burgess. "Application of the sound intensity technique to measurement of field sound transmission loss." Applied Acoustics 34, no. 2 (1991): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(91)90023-8.

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39

SANADA, Akira, Zhong ZHANG, Naoyoshi EGAWA, and Nobuo TANAKA. "Effect of Panel Size on Sound Transmission Loss." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 69, no. 684 (2003): 2049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.69.2049.

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40

YOSHIMURA, Junichi. "STUDY ON SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS OF GLASS PANE." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 505 (1998): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.9_3.

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41

Hansen, Colin H. "Sound Transmission Loss of Corrugated and Fluted Panels." Noise Control Engineering Journal 40, no. 2 (1993): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2827834.

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42

Nishida, Eiichi. "Sound transmission loss estimation method by impact testing." Noise Control Engineering Journal 58, no. 5 (2010): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.3511683.

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NISHIDA, Eiichi. "Sound Transmission Loss Estimation Method by Modal Testing." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 77, no. 776 (2011): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.77.1251.

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44

Efimtsov, B. M. "Sound Transmission Loss of Panels with Resonant Elements." Acoustical Physics 47, no. 3 (May 2001): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1371584.

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45

Moore, J. A., and R. H. Lyon. "Sound transmission loss characteristics of sandwich panel constructions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 2 (February 1991): 777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1894638.

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Efimtsov, B. M., and L. A. Lazarev. "Sound Transmission Loss of Panels with Resonant Elements." Acoustical Physics 47, no. 3 (May 2001): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03353582.

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47

Fahy, Frank, and H. Saunders. "Sound and Structural Vibration—Radiation, Transmission and Response." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 109, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269418.

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Fahy, F., and Jean Thoma. "Sound and Structural Vibration Radiation, Transmission and Response." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 108, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143810.

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Fahy, Frank, and D. G. Crighton. "Sound and Structural Vibration: Radiation, Transmission and Response." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3172989.

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50

Fahy, Frank, and Paolo Gardonio. "Sound and Structural Vibration—Radiation, Transmission and Response." Noise Control Engineering Journal 55, no. 3 (2007): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2741307.

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