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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sound – Transmission

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sound – Transmission'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Fullerton, Jeffrey, and Alexander Maurer. "Horizontal impact sound transmission measurements." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 900–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-832.

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Impact sound transmission is typically considered for the floor/ceiling assembly that separates vertically stacked spaces. This is the context that ASTM E492 laboratory testing and ASTM E1007 field testing are performed. However, impact sounds often have the potential for causing significant flanking transmission through structural connections of the floor system to surrounding spaces. A common concern for possible impact sound transmission can occur with hard flooring finishes that are not isolated from the floor structure to adjacent spaces. For this condition, while it is possible to achieve adequate impact isolation vertically by using isolated ceiling assemblies, the lack of isolation for the flooring may allow significant horizontal impact sound transmission, which is not affected by the ceiling assembly. This study presents findings and comparisons from measurements of impact sound transmission testing between horizontally adjacent spaces on a concrete floor slab and a wood-framed floor assembly with different flooring underlayment conditions.

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Mansy, Hansen A., Robert A. Balk, William H. Warren, Thomas J. Royston, Zoujun Dai, Ying Peng, and Richard H. Sandler. "Pneumothorax effects on pulmonary acoustic transmission." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00148.2015.

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Pneumothorax (PTX) is an abnormal accumulation of air between the lung and the chest wall. It is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening condition encountered in patients who are critically ill or have experienced trauma. Auscultatory signs of PTX include decreased breath sounds during the physical examination. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the changes in sound transmission in the thorax due to PTX in humans. Nineteen human subjects who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery, during which lung collapse is a normal part of the surgery, participated in the study. After subjects were intubated and mechanically ventilated, sounds were introduced into their airways via an endotracheal tube. Sounds were then measured over the chest surface before and after lung collapse. PTX caused small changes in acoustic transmission for frequencies below 400 Hz. A larger decrease in sound transmission was observed from 400 to 600 Hz, possibly due to the stronger acoustic transmission blocking of the pleural air. At frequencies above 1 kHz, the sound waves became weaker and so did their changes with PTX. The study elucidated some of the possible mechanisms of sound propagation changes with PTX. Sound transmission measurement was able to distinguish between baseline and PTX states in this small patient group. Future studies are needed to evaluate this technique in a wider population.

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Abrams, R. M., S. K. Griffiths, X. Huang, J. Sain, G. Langford, and K. J. Gerhardt. "Fetal Music Perception: The Role of Sound Transmission." Music Perception 15, no. 3 (1998): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285770.

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The fetal sound environment is now known to be rich and varied. Playback of tapes made from intrauterine recordings of sounds reveals some muffling, suggesting an attenuation of high-frequency sounds at the surface of the abdominal wall and during transmission through abdominal and uterine tissues and fluids. The present experiments show how the spectral features of synthesized musical sounds are altered once they reach the ear of the fetal sheep. Below 300 Hz, intrauterine sound pressure levels are nearly identical to those recorded outside the ewe. Between 315 and 2500 Hz, the attenuation increases at a rate of 5 dB per octave. Spectral analyses of trumpet and flugelhorn sounds recorded in utero show a marked diminution in sound pressure level in partials above 600 Hz; this diminution could be perceived by the fetus as an altered timbre.

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Zhang, Ruojun, Guibo Wang, Xiaoming Zhou, and Gengkai Hu. "A decoupling-design strategy for high sound absorption in subwavelength structures with air ventilation." JASA Express Letters 2, no. 3 (March 2022): 033602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009919.

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A strategy based on the decoupling design of two elementary structures, both made of coiled-up channels, is proposed. One channeling structure is designed for blocking sound transmission, while the other element is used for absorbing sounds at low-transmission frequencies. Based on this strategy, the sound-absorbing sample with air ventilation is fabricated and its high-absorption capability is demonstrated experimentally. The expanding of sound absorption bandwidth by combining different absorptive channels into the sample structure is also demonstrated. The proposed method provides a new route towards broadband high sound absorption in ventilated structures.

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Malcoci, Iulian. "Sound Reasearch in Precessional Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.584.

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Sound may be defined as any pressure variation (in air, water or other medium) that the human ear can detect. Just like dominoes, a wave motion is set off when an element sets the nearest particle of air into motion. This motion gradually spreads to adjacent air particles further away from the source. Depending on the medium, sound propagates at different speeds. In air, sound propagates at a speed of approximately 340 m/s. In liquids and solids, the propagation velocity is greater 1500 m/s in water and 5000 m/s in steel [2].

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Tocci, Gregory C., Timothy J. Foulkes, and Randolph E. Wright. "Glazing sound transmission loss studies." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023166.

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Mechel, F. P. "Sound transmission through suspended ceilings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 (May 1998): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.422269.

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Ou, Dayi, and Cheuk Ming Mak. "Sound transmission through stiffened plates." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (April 2012): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708178.

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Spindel, R. C. "Sound Transmission in the Ocean." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17, no. 1 (January 1985): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.001245.

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Liu, Dongxu, Zhijian Hu, Ge Wang, and Lizhi Sun. "Sound Transmission-Based Elastography Imaging." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 74383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921303.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Liu, Biong. "Sound transmission through aircraft panels /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-494.

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Wilson, Robin. "Sound transmission through double walls." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1312.

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Servis, Dimitris C. "Sound transmission at pipe joints." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/782.

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Johnson, Martin Eric. "Active control of sound transmission." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243189.

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Uno, Paul John. "Transmission loss of building facades." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1987. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26011.

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This thesis has been written in an endeavour to review the current available literature on the transmission loss of building facades. Tests were also carried out to compare laboratory results and theory with results obtained in practice, and to get a feeling for the difficulties involved.

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Phillips, Timothy Jason Nirmal. "Sound Transmission Loss of Sandwich Panels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9210.

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The sound transmission loss characteristics of plywood based sandwich panels were investigated. Measurements were made of the sound transmission loss of a range of materials and used as a baseline for comparison while a sound transmission loss optimisation method was developed. A unique test rig was built and calibrated to determine selected mechanical properties of materials of interest. The results of sound transmission loss and material properties measurements were used to select an appropriate prediction model, which was then used in conjunction with a mathematical optimisation model to determine combinations of materials and panel parameters which result in improved sound transmission loss. An effort was made to reproduce these predictions in experimental testing by constructing several prototype panels.

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Smith, R. Sean. "Sound transmission through lightweight parallel plates." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1290.

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This thesis examines the transmission of sound through lightweight parallel plates, (plasterboard double wall partitions and timber floors). Statistical energy analysis was used to assess the importance of individual transmission paths and to determine the overall performance. Several different theoretical models were developed, the choice depending on the frequency range of interest and method of attachment of the plates, whether point or line, to the structural frame. It was found that for a line connected double wall there was very good agreement between the measured and predicted results, where the dominant transmission path was through the frame and the cavity path was weak. The transition frequency where the coupling changes from a line to a point connection is when the first half wavelength is able to fit between the spacings of the nails. For point connected double walls, where the transmission through the frame was weaker than for line connection, the cavity path was dominant unless there was absorption present. When the cavity was sufficiently deep, such that it behaved more like a room, the agreement between the measured and predicted results was good. As the cavity depth decreases the plates of the double wall are closer together and the agreement between the measured and predicted results were not as good. Detailed experiments were carried out to determine the transmission into the double wall cavities and isolated cavities. It was found that the transmission into an isolated cavity could be predicted well. However, for transmission into double wall cavities the existing theories could not predict transmission accurately when the cavity depth was small. Extensive parametric surveys were undertaken to analyse changes to the sound transmission through these structures when the material or design parameters are altered. The SEA models are able to identify the dominant mechanisms of transmission and will be a useful design tool in the design of lightweight partitions and timber floors.

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Leung, Aiken Hon. "Investigation on sound transmission through pulmonary parenchyma." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327681.

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Cowan, Andre James. "Sound Transmission Loss of Composite Sandwich Panels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7879.

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This thesis examines the sound transmission loss (STL) through composite sandwich panel systems commonly used in the marine industry. Experimental, predictive and optimisation methods are used to evaluate the acoustic performance of these systems and to improve their acoustic performance with noise treatment. The complex nature of the material properties of composite sandwich panels was found to be dependent not only on the physical properties but also the frequency of incident noise. Young’s modulus was found to reduce with increasing frequency as has been predicted in the literature which is due to the shear stiffness dominating over the bending stiffness. Two methods for measuring these properties were investigated; ‘fixed-free’ and ‘free-free’ beam boundary condition modal analyses. The disagreement between these methods was identified as the clamping fixed nature that increased flexibility of the beam. Composite sandwich panels can be modelled as homogeneous isotopic materials when predicting their acoustic performance provided the dilatational resonance is above the frequency range of interest. Two such panels were modelled using this simple sound insulation prediction method, but the agreement between theory and experimental results was poor. A variable Young’s modulus was included in the model but agreement remained relatively poor especially in the coincidence frequency region due to variation of Young’s modulus with frequency. A statistical method of optimisation of the parameter settings by fractional factorial design proved successful at identifying the important parameters that affect the sound transmission class (STC) of a noise treatment material applied to a panel. The decouple foam layer and attachment method were the most significant factors. The same method, with higher resolution was then used to identify the important parameters that affected the noise reduction class (NRC) finding that the outer foam thickness without a face sheet were the most significant factors. The independent optimisation studies performed for each of the STC and NRC produced conflicting results meaning that both could not be achieved simultaneously.

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Lee, Siew-Eang. "Transmission of sound through non-homogeneous walls." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1656.

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Books on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Quirt, J. D. Controlling sound transmission into buildings. Ottawa: National Research Council Canada, Division of Building Research, 1985.

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2

Collected papers in building acoustics: Sound transmission. Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd, 2009.

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3

P, Gardonio, ed. Sound and structural vibration: Radiation, transmission and response. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic, 2007.

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Sound and structural vibration: Radiation, transmission, and response. London: Academic Press, 1985.

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Center), Joint Acoustic Propagation Experiment Workshop (1993 Langley Research. Joint Acoustic Propagation Experiment (JAPE-91) Workshop: Proceedings of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and the University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, and held in Hampton, Virginia, April 28, 1993. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Rasprostranenie zvuka v dvizhushchikhsi͡a︡ sredakh. Moskva: "Nauka," Glav. red. fiziko-matematicheskoĭ lit-ry, 1992.

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7

Craik, Robert J. M. Sound transmission through buildings: Using statistical energy analysis. Aldershot, England: Gower, 1996.

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Krylov, V. V. Osnovy teorii izluchenii͡a︡ i rassei͡a︡nii͡a︡ zvuka. Moskva: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1989.

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9

Lebow, Irwin. Understanding digital transmission and recording. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE Press, 1998.

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10

Mason, J. M. The use of acoustically tuned resonators to improve the sound transmisssion loss of double panel partitions. Southampton, England: University of Southampton, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Speaks, Charles E. "Sound Transmission." In Introduction to Sound, 257–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7196-8_8.

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2

Mechel, Fridolin P. "Sound Transmission." In Formulas of Acoustics, 431–526. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07296-7_8.

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Miles, Ronald N. "Sound Transmission Loss." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 53–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22676-3_3.

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4

Ando, Yoichi. "Sound Transmission Systems." In Concert Hall Acoustics, 4–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69810-1_2.

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Coates, Rodney F. W. "Sound Transmission Fundamentals." In Underwater Acoustic Systems, 1–15. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20508-0_1.

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Rindel, Jens Holger. "Flanking transmission." In Sound Insulation in Buildings, 313–34. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351228206-12.

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Moravcsik, Michael J. "The Transmission and Storage of Sound." In Musical Sound, 237–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0577-8_16.

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Xie, Bosun. "Storage and transmission of spatial sound signals." In Spatial Sound, 599–667. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081500-13.

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Nilsson, Anders, and Bilong Liu. "Sound Transmission Loss of Panels." In Vibro-Acoustics, Volume 2, 215–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47934-6_13.

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Eargle, John M. "Sound Transmission Class (STC) Curves." In Electroacoustical Reference Data, 18–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2027-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Erofeev, Vladimir, and Dmitriy Monich. "Reduction of resonant sound transmission and inertial sound transmission through sandwich panels." In 13TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON AERONAUTICS, AUTOMOTIVE AND RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES (BulTrans-2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099413.

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Tiikoja, Heiki, Hans Rämmal, Mats Abom, and Hans Boden. "Sound Transmission in Automotive Turbochargers." In SAE 2011 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1525.

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Lai, Heng-Yi, Srinivas Katragadda, J. Stuart Bolton, and Jonathan H. Alexander. "Layered Fibrous Treatments for a Sound Absorption and Sound Transmission." In SAE Noise and Vibration Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972064.

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Dai, Zoujun, Ying Peng, Hansen A. Mansy, and Thomas J. Royston. "Sound Transmission in a Lung Phantom Model." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63766.

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Alterations in the structure and function of the pulmonary system that occur in disease or injury often give rise to measurable changes in lung sound production and transmission. A better understanding of sound transmission and how it is altered by injury and disease might improve interpretation of lung sound measurements, including new lung imaging modalities that are based on an array measurement of the acoustic field on the torso surface via contact sensors or are based on a 3-dimensional measurement of the acoustic field throughout the lungs and torso using magnetic resonance elastography. It is beneficial to develop a computational acoustic model that would accurately simulate generation, transmission and noninvasive measurement of sound and vibration within the pulmonary system and torso caused by both internal and external sources. In the present study, sound transmission in the airway tree and coupling to and transmission through the surrounding lung parenchymal tissue were investigated on a mechanical lung phantom with a built-in bifurcating airway tree through airway insonification. Sound transmission in the airway tree was studied by applying the Horsfield self-consistent model of asymmetric dichotomy for the bronchial tree. The acoustics of the bifurcating airway segments and lung phantom surface motion were measured by microphones and scanning laser Doppler vibrometty respectively. Finite element simulations of sound transmission in the lung phantom were performed. Good agreement was achieved between experiments and finite element simulations. This study validates the computational approach for sound transmission and provides insights for simulations on real lungs.

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Gesch, E., R. E. Wentzel, and C. Riedel. "Controlled Angle Sound Transmission Loss Experiment." In SAE 2003 Noise & Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1630.

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Wodicka, George R., Paul D. DeFrain, and Steve S. Kraman. "Spatial distribution of pulmonary sound transmission." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761569.

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Wodicka, DeFrain, and Kraman. "Spatial Distribution Of Pulmonary Sound Transmission." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.592787.

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Park, Junhong, Thomas Siegmund, and Luc G. Mongeau. "Sound Transmission Through Elastomeric Sealing Systems." In SAE 2001 Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1411.

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Young, Sarah M., Brian E. Anderson, Robert C. Davis, Richard R. Vanfleet, and Nicholas B. Morrill. "Sound transmission measurements through porous screens." In 171st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000331.

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Murakami, Keiichi, and Takashi Aoyama. "Sound Transmission Calculation Through Structural Models." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-1009.

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Reports on the topic "Sound – Transmission"

1

Rudder, Fred F. Airborne sound transmission loss characteristics of woodframe construction. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-43.

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Carey, William M. Investigation of Complex Range-Dependent Shallow Water Sound Transmission. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532974.

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Sun, Xin, Kevin L. Simmons, and Mohammad A. Khaleel. Characterization of Sound Transmission Loss of Laminated Glass with Analytical and Experimental Approaches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883220.

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Hart, Carl R., D. Keith Wilson, Chris L. Pettit, and Edward T. Nykaza. Machine-Learning of Long-Range Sound Propagation Through Simulated Atmospheric Turbulence. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41182.

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Conventional numerical methods can capture the inherent variability of long-range outdoor sound propagation. However, computational memory and time requirements are high. In contrast, machine-learning models provide very fast predictions. This comes by learning from experimental observations or surrogate data. Yet, it is unknown what type of surrogate data is most suitable for machine-learning. This study used a Crank-Nicholson parabolic equation (CNPE) for generating the surrogate data. The CNPE input data were sampled by the Latin hypercube technique. Two separate datasets comprised 5000 samples of model input. The ﬁrst dataset consisted of transmission loss (TL) ﬁelds for single realizations of turbulence. The second dataset consisted of average TL ﬁelds for 64 realizations of turbulence. Three machine-learning algorithms were applied to each dataset, namely, ensemble decision trees, neural networks, and cluster-weighted models. Observational data come from a long-range (out to 8 km) sound propagation experiment. In comparison to the experimental observations, regression predictions have 5–7 dB in median absolute error. Surrogate data quality depends on an accurate characterization of refractive and scattering conditions. Predictions obtained through a single realization of turbulence agree better with the experimental observations.

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Pettit, Chris, and D. Wilson. A physics-informed neural network for sound propagation in the atmospheric boundary layer. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41034.

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We describe what we believe is the first effort to develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict sound propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer. PINN is a recent innovation in the application of deep learning to simulate physics. The motivation is to combine the strengths of data-driven models and physics models, thereby producing a regularized surrogate model using less data than a purely data-driven model. In a PINN, the data-driven loss function is augmented with penalty terms for deviations from the underlying physics, e.g., a governing equation or a boundary condition. Training data are obtained from Crank-Nicholson solutions of the parabolic equation with homogeneous ground impedance and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for the effective sound speed in the moving atmosphere. Training data are random samples from an ensemble of solutions for combinations of parameters governing the impedance and the effective sound speed. PINN output is processed to produce realizations of transmission loss that look much like the Crank-Nicholson solutions. We describe the framework for implementing PINN for outdoor sound, and we outline practical matters related to network architecture, the size of the training set, the physics-informed loss function, and challenge of managing the spatial complexity of the complex pressure.

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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Mark A. Klng. Wildlife Carcass Disposal. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7207733.ws.

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Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.

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Grigorieva, Natalie S., James Mercer, Jeffrey Simmen, and Michael Wolfson. Near-Axial Interference Effects for Long-Range Sound Transmissions through Ocean Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612578.

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Grigorieva, Natalie S., Gregory M. Fridman, James Mercer, Jeffrey Simmen, Rex Andrew, and Michael Wolfson. Near-Axial Interference Effects for Long-Range Sound Transmissions through Ocean Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533094.

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Grigorieva, Natalie S., James Mercer, Jeffrey Simmen, and Michael Wolfson. Near-Axial Interference Effects for Long-Range Sound Transmissions through Ocean Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541759.

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Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan : Appendix E, Transmission Reinforcement Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10142839.

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