Journal articles on the topic 'Sound requirement'
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1
Li, Yi Hong, and Ai Ying Yang. "Acoustical Design and Measurement in Surround Sound Classroom." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1839.
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This paper covers the requirement and measurement of sound quality in the surround sound classroom. Based on the characteristics of the sound field, this paper specially deals with the design of acoustics requirement of the characteristics of reverberation frequency and sound propagation. In order to meet the requirements of recording in signal to noise ratio, comprehensive methods in noise decrease are adopted in design, which include the reduction of noise in room background. Through the checking of the testing data and the evaluation of the users, various acoustics norms meet the requirements of acoustics and the demands of the using.
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Foong, Tan Qing, and Siti Zubaidah Ismail. "DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND ANALYSIS OF A SMART MOWER." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 3 (October 1, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i2.2734.
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This paper focusses on optimisation of vibration and sound levels of a lawnmower from process cutting with the cutting blade. Technical requirements have been defined for the project including customer requirement, cost model of the product, the checklist of product design specification, concept generation, concept selection and prototyping. These are the fundamental technical requirement to build a safe and efficient of Smart Mower. The experiment was analysed using 200 to 900 wedge angles of cutting blade to cutting grass field simulation for the test of levels of vibration and sound. From the results, it is observed that the analysis of changing wedge angle will provide changes on levels of vibration and sound. The obtained results indicate that the smaller wedge angle gives smaller levels of vibration and sound. The results can also significantly meet all customer requirement according to product development. Therefore, the wedge angle is promising the reduction of vibration level and sound level. At last, this result can reduce the cost, time to market and improve product reliability and customer confidence.
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Bandara, Meelan, Roshinie Jayasundara, Isuru Ariyarathne, Dulani Meedeniya, and Charith Perera. "Forest Sound Classification Dataset: FSC22." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042032.
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The study of environmental sound classification (ESC) has become popular over the years due to the intricate nature of environmental sounds and the evolution of deep learning (DL) techniques. Forest ESC is one use case of ESC, which has been widely experimented with recently to identify illegal activities inside a forest. However, at present, there is a limitation of public datasets specific to all the possible sounds in a forest environment. Most of the existing experiments have been done using generic environment sound datasets such as ESC-50, U8K, and FSD50K. Importantly, in DL-based sound classification, the lack of quality data can cause misguided information, and the predictions obtained remain questionable. Hence, there is a requirement for a well-defined benchmark forest environment sound dataset. This paper proposes FSC22, which fills the gap of a benchmark dataset for forest environmental sound classification. It includes 2025 sound clips under 27 acoustic classes, which contain possible sounds in a forest environment. We discuss the procedure of dataset preparation and validate it through different baseline sound classification models. Additionally, it provides an analysis of the new dataset compared to other available datasets. Therefore, this dataset can be used by researchers and developers who are working on forest observatory tasks.
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Miner, Nadine, and Thomas Caudell. "Computational Requirements and Synchronization Issues for Virtual Acoustic Displays." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 4 (August 1998): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565802.
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This paper addresses two main issues concerning virtual acoustic displays. First, we discuss the computational requirements including sound generation (or synthesis), environmental effects modeling, and three-dimensional (3-D) sound localization. The computational analysis reveals that acoustic processing delays of at least 66 ms are expected with today's technology. This analysis motivates the second issue: how much computational time is available for executing the acoustic process, assuming the requirement for perceptually perfect audiovisual synchronization? A psychoacoustic experiment designed to quantify the tolerable audiovisual delay indicates that an acoustic impact event must occur within an average of 175 ms of the visual event in order for the events to be perceived as synchronous. The most highly trained observers detect desynchrony with an audiovisual delay as low as 100 ms. The results of the computational requirement analysis and the psychoacoustic synchronization experiment provide important information for designers and researchers of virtual acoustic displays.
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Nosal, D., and E. Bilgery. "Airborne noise, structure-borne sound (vibration) and vacuum stability of milking systems." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 5 (December 12, 2011): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4304-cjas.
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Problems with milking and udder health can be attributed to the following causes: (1) sound intensity level (noise) > 65 dB in the milking area, (2) transmission of oscillation (vibration) > 0.3 m/s<sup>2 </sup>to the body of the cow in the milking parlour, (3) transmission of severe oscillation (vibration) into the vacuum system, (4) assembly and installation faults causing fluid flow problems and hence pressure fluctuations in the vacuum system. By combining technical alterations to a practical unit with the fitting of the Vibrations-schlucker<sup>®</sup>, it was possible to significantly improve vacuum stability. At the same time noise dropped to one quarter of the original level and vibration was reduced by a factor of five. A significantly reduced working time requirement testified to more pleasant conditions for humans and animals. The results show that the installation requirements according to ISO 5707 (1996) have gaps here. Further studies should specifically define the comfort limits for humans and animals in milking parlours.
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Ono, Christopher, Todd Beiler, and Devin Clausen. "A case study in the measurement of door sound isolation with ASTM test standards." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2425.
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The use of the door transmission class rating in lieu of the apparent sound transmission class rating has yet to gain traction within building codes and specified project requirements. This paper presents a case study involving performance requirement testing conducted at a university's media facility, in which sound insulation properties were a critical design and construction focus. Both test methods described in ASTM E2964 and ASTM E336 were performed where a door was the test partition. Door transmission class ratings were presented in comparison to apparent sound transmission class ratings for the same partition. Testing was performed in a variety of situations, including scenarios both inside and outside of the minimum requirements of testing standards. Our analysis considers the effectiveness of the recently adopted ASTM E2964 in comparison to the methods of the ASTM E336. We also consider some of the subtle differences between the two test methods and how they may impact the testing of certain adjacencies.
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Larsen, Bernt Mikal. "Whole glass facade in office building - Measured noise level and requirement for facade." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 7 (February 1, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0002.
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The presentation will summarize calculated and measured noise level from road traffic in office building with whole glass facade. The experience is based on a new office building called Baneheia Park in Kristiansand in Norway. With a whole glass facade with Rw+Ctr 46 dB, both calculated an measured noise level from road traffic was Ld 39-40 dB. In Norway the required noise level in offices is Ld 35 dB from road traffic. If effect of reduced sound isolation due to profile system (4 dB) and effect of correction due to area/dimension (4 dB) were included, the requirement for the facade in the given situation should have been Rw+Ctr 51 dB. With such facade, the indoor noise level of Ld 35 dB would have been achieved. When taking both effect of sound transmission through profile system and correction due to area/dimension into account, the required sound isolation from laboratory should normally be at least 8-10 dB higher than the value achieved for the facade in field.
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Young, Vernon R., and Antoine E. El-Khoury. "Human Amino Acid Requirements: A Re-Evaluation." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 3 (September 1996): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700303.
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The most recent internationally stated estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult humans are those given in the 1985 report of the Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements. In this review we present, in brief a number of scientific concerns and problems that lead us to conclude that these current recommendations for amino acid requirements are not valid and that the appropriate values are likely to be considerably higher. Following a short review of the C-labelled amino acid tracer studies carried out at the Massachusetts of Technology (MIT) and designed to reassess the requirements for specific indispensable amino acids, we focus particular attention on the lysine requirement in adults. When various criteria and methods are used to estimate this requirement, it appears that a cohesive body of data indicates the mean requirement value for lysine in healthy adults to be about 30 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/g protein. Although this value contrasts with the FAO/WHO/UNU value of 12 mg/kg/day or 16 ma/g protein, this new, tentative requirement value is consistent with findings from studies carried out earlier at MIT on the nutritional quality of wheat proteins. We propose that it would be prudent to apply the MIT amino acid requirement pattern (see Food and Nutrition Bulletin 1990;12:298–300), rather than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU adult amino acid requirement pattern, in the design and implementation of sound nutrition policies and programmes that include considerations of the amount and quality of the protein component of national and regional diets.
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et al., Bahrami. "The behavior of cross-laminated timber and reinforced concrete floors in a multi-story building." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 6 (June 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.06.006.
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The behavior of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and reinforced concrete (RC) floors in a multi-story building is investigated in this paper. The load-bearing capacity, fire resistance, and sound insulation characteristics of the floors are the main focus of this research. In order to achieve this goal, a four-story building having RC floors is modeled, analyzed, and designed using the StruSoft FEM-Design software (FEM) following the Eurocodes and Swedish national annex. The building is considered to be in the city of Gävle in Sweden. Then, the RC floors of the building are replaced with the CLT floors, and the same process is done utilizing FEM. The utilization ratios (the ratios of the applied loads to the load-bearing capacities), vertical deflections, weights of the RC and CLT floors, and reaction forces of the buildings are evaluated and compared. The results show that the RC floors meet the deflection requirements well which contributes to the focus on their utilization ratios. The designed RC floors are acceptable from the vertical deflection and utilization ratio perspectives. However, the CLT floors cannot meet the vertical deflection requirements, and thus, need strengthening. The CLT floors are strengthened with supporting timber beams and columns which result in acceptable vertical deflections and utilization ratios. Fire resistance and sound insulation conditions of the RC and CLT floors are assessed by calculations based on the requirements of the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building, and Planning regulations (BBR) as well. The RC floors have the ability to be soundproof and have no difficulties in meeting the fire resistance requirements R60 of BBR. A cross-section is proposed for the CLT floors which can meet the fire resistance requirement R60 and sound insulation requirement C of BBR. The maximum reaction forces of the buildings and total weights of the floors are larger in the case of RC than CLT.
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Jin, Tao, Qi Huang, Yong Ding, and Li Feng Zhu. "Measurement and Analysis of the Structural Noise of Urban Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1623.
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To explore the noise generated by bridges during operational period, the equivalent continuous sound pressure levels of 12 bridges in the city of Ningbo were measured and analyzed. The measured data show that (1) Although the measured sound levels of these bridges meet the requirement of Chinese codes, they are near the maximum limit and the vibration and noise reduction is necessary; (2) A-weighted sound level of bridge is close to that of the road nearby; (3) Z-weighted sound level of bridge is much greater than that of the road nearby, it indicates that the bridge noise contains much low frequency noise, so that A-weighted sound level can’t reflect the noise of bridge accurately, and Z-weighted sound level shall be used to evaluate the acoustic environment near bridges.
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Huang, Xian Feng, and Yi Min Lu. "Sound Insulation Inversion to an Attached Room in Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.267.
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With respect to the higher sound insulation need of the buildings, the attached room may be considered to adopt. A calculation model is applied to predict the sound insulation of a specified attached room. Realistic sound insulation inversion, furthermore, is consistent with the procedure of engineering practice. By the artificial immune algorithm (AIA), the inverse sound insulation prediction model is developed, which adjust the insulation of each element (wall, door and window etc.) and sound absorption of the attached room. Under agreeing with the reasonable configuration of an attached building and meeting sound insulation requirement simultaneously, it was found that acoustic properties of each member within a whole attached room were obtained. As a consequence, the material and even the configuration of each wall can also be determined. It will be beneficial to building design.
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Liu, Huan, and Han Cui. "Study on Automation Control with Noise Control of Oil Sucking Machine." Advanced Materials Research 738 (August 2013): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.738.195.
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Sound insulation encasing is an effective device for noise reduction. The paper used the electric machine and reductor of oil sucking machine as an example, a controlling approach of installing sound insulation encasing has been found based on a analysis of noise characteristic, at the same time, the effectiveness of sound insulation encasing is analyzed, after establishing finite element models by using sysnoise software, and the deficiency of noise reducing effectiveness in local domain is shown. Effectiveness of noise reducing is better and meets the technical requirement, after amendment design, and this provides some reference to solve practical problem.
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Huang, Jin, Yu Luo, Jian Shi, Xin Ma, Qian-Qian Li, and Yan-Yi Li. "Rapid Modeling of the Sound Speed Field in the South China Sea Based on a Comprehensive Optimal LM-BP Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050488.
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Ocean sound speed is an essential foundation for marine scientific research and marine engineering applications. In this article, a model based on a comprehensive optimal back propagation artificial neural network model is developed. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to optimize the model, and the momentum term, normalization, and early termination method were used to predict the high precision marine sound speed profile. The sound speed profile was described by five indicators: date, time, latitude, longitude, and depth. The model used data from the CTD observation dataset of scientific investigation over the South China Sea (2009–2012) (108°–120° E, 6°–8° N), which includes comprehensive scientific investigation data from four voyages. The feasibility of modeling the sound speed field in the South China Sea is investigated. The proposed model uses the momentum term, normalization, and early termination in a traditional BP artificial neural network structure and mitigates issues with overtraining and difficulty when determining the BP neural network parameters. With the LM algorithm, a fast-modeling method for the sound field effectively achieves the precision requirement for sound speed prediction. Through the prediction and verification of the data from 2009 to 2012, the newly proposed optimized BP network model is shown to dramatically reduce the training time and improve precision compared to the traditional network model. Results showed that the root mean squared error decreased from 1.7903 m/s to 0.95732 m/s, and the training time decreased from 612.43 s to 4.231 s. Finally, the sound ray tracing simulations confirm that the model meets the accuracy requirements of acoustic sounding and verify the model’s feasibility for the real-time prediction of the vertical sound speed in saltwater bodies.
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SCHAKEL, ADRIAAN M. J. "EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORY OF IDEAL-FLUID HYDRODYNAMICS." Modern Physics Letters B 10, no. 21 (September 10, 1996): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984996001139.
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Starting from a standard description of an ideal, isentropic fluid, we derive the effective theory governing a gapless non-relativistic mode — the sound mode. The theory, which is dictated by the requirement of Galilei invariance, entails the entire set of hydrodynamic equations. The gaplessness of the sound mode is explained by identifying it as the Goldstone mode associated with the spontaneous breakdown of Galilei invariance. Differences with a superfluid are pointed out.
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Lee, Min-Joo, and Myung-Jun Kim. "Sound attenuation and audibility of fire alarm signal in Korean residential apartment buildings: A case study." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 5 (January 9, 2017): 690–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16687108.
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With a view to preventing casualties due to fire outbreaks in residential buildings, we investigated the sound attenuation of audible fire-alarm signals in Korean residential apartment buildings and determine an acoustic condition for enhancing the audibility of such signals. Two sets of field measurements were performed, along with theoretical predictions using sound analysis software. In the first set of measurements, in 17 dwelling units, the standardized alarm sound level requirement of 75 dBA could not be achieved in bedrooms with existing alarm devices. In the second set of measurements, with an additional five dwelling units, both the sound attenuation according to the distance between sound sources and bedrooms and the sound insulation performance of bedroom doors were examined. The sound attenuation levels were increased by 0.72 ( R2 = 0.7982) and 0.48 ( R2 = 0.3001) dB m−1 under open- and closed-door conditions, respectively. Further, the bedroom-door sound insulation performance was in the 18- to 23-dB range. Consequently, we have demonstrated that the sound power of a general residential fire alarm must be 98–107.9 dB, depending on the dwelling-unit size and floor-plan type, in order to achieve a bedroom audibility level of 75 dBA.
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Butterfield, Emma I., Dana Lodico, Ken Kaliski, Shawn Fitzgerald, and Hugo Rost. "Attended sound monitoring of wind turbines." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010733.
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Long-term unattended sound monitoring of wind turbines allows the selection of optimal data from a long period of time in which many meteorological conditions occur. However, in some cases, attended monitoring is required, either as a specific requirement of the permitting or because many measurement sites are required, making long-term monitoring impractical. Short-term attended monitoring of wind turbines introduces several complexities to ensure that the data are valid and representative of the target conditions. To illustrate this, we describe the challenges of attended octave band sound measurements made at 38 sites in the vicinity of wind turbines in Illinois in September, October, and November 2021. The attending monitoring was completed at night to reduce the background sound levels and involved the cooperation of residences, turbine operators, and the weather. Successful navigation of these challenges led to completion of the sound monitoring at all locations and acceptance of the study by the County.
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Bagoňa, Miloslav, Jozef Šimiček, and Richard Baláž. "Solution of Own Window Pane Oscillation by Subspace Iteration Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.425.
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Solving building acoustic of structures leads to a requirement to know behavior of dynamically loaded structures. Often used design is a window, that glass pane can be modeled as board. When measuring acoustic qualities of windows, monitored value is frequency of excited sound as a sound pressure. From solutions of dynamically loaded structures is known fact that when excited frequency of load is equal, or approximately equal to its natural frequency, there is an unwanted resonance phenomenon.
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Christiansen, Marcus C., and Andreas Niemeyer. "FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITION OF THE SOLVENCY CAPITAL REQUIREMENT IN SOLVENCY II." ASTIN Bulletin 44, no. 3 (May 7, 2014): 501–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2014.10.
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AbstractIt is essential for insurance regulation to have a clear picture of the risk measures that are used. We compare different mathematical interpretations of the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) definition from Solvency II that can be found in the literature. We introduce a mathematical modeling framework that enables us to make a mathematically rigorous comparison. The paper shows similarities, differences, and properties such as convergence of the different SCR interpretations. Moreover, we generalize the SCR definition to future points in time based on a generalization of the value at risk. This allows for a sound definition of the Risk Margin. Our study helps to make the Solvency II insurance regulation more consistent.
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YAMAGISHI, Kazuko, Koichi OHTOMI, Kenichi SEKI, and Hidekazu NISHIMURA. "J102012 The Sound design process using the use-case driven requirement and functional modelling." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _J102012–1—_J102012–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j102012-1.
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Ning, Chen, and Ming Hui Wang. "A Measurement Approach for Critical Voids in Mineral Aggregate Based on AC-20." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.708.
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The voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) is considered to be the most important mix design parameter which affects the durability of the asphalt concrete mix. This has traditionally been addressed during mix design by meeting a minimum voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) requirement, based solely upon the nominal maximum aggregate size without regard to other significant aggregate-related properties. The goal of this study is to determine the validity of the minimum VMA requirement versus nominal maximum aggregate size required in Marshall volumetric mix design. Specimens were compacted using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC), conventionally tested for bulk and maximum theoretical specific gravities and physically tested using the thiaxial creep test system under a repeated load confined configuration to identify the transition state from sound to unsound. AC-20 was classified in the light of fine, dense and coarse gradation. The AC-20C, AC-20D and AC-20F asphalt mixtures were tested as the object of study. The results clearly demonstrate that the volumetric conditions of an VMA mixture at the stable unstable threshold are influenced by a composite measure of the aggregate size gradation .The currently defined VMA criterion, while significant, is seen to be insufficient by itself to correctly differentiate sound from unsound mixtures. Under current specifications, many otherwise sound mixtures are subject to rejection solely on the basis of failing to meet the VMA requirement. Based on the laboratory data and analysis, a new paradigm to volumetric mix design is proposed that explicitly accounts for aggregate gradation factors.
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Qian, De Jin, Xu Hong Miao, and Xue Ren Wang. "Sound Radiation of Underwater Structure Based on the Arithmetic of Coupled Acoustic-Structural Analysis with ABAQUS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 2249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.2249.
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Finite cylindrical shells with stiffened ribs are major structure of cabin on the submerged or underwater vehicles. This paper aims to probe into the feasibility of sound radiation simulation of underwater structure based on ABAQUS. ABAQUS is used to compute and analysis the underwater sound radiation rule of double cylindrical shell structure. And the computation data agrees with the experimental data basically. Adopting boundary impedance technique and acoustics IEM technique to simulation infinite flow field is feasible, and adopting acoustics IEM technique has much better performance. Boundary impedance technique is promoted for the concerning of accuracy. The results indicate that ABAQUS is appropriate to solve underwater sound radiation problem and it can satisfy the requirement of project application, which provides a new analysis method.
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Dai, Xing, Yong Jie Wang, Qiang Zhao, Yuan Hui Liu, Fang Li, Xin Gao, and Bao Xue Bo. "A Packaging Structure with the Capability of Vibration and Sound Isolation of the Fiber Interferometer Based on the Method of Suspension Type." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.164.
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In this few years with the development of the application of the technique about the fiber sensing in several areas with the bad testing environment, it demands the packaging structure of the fiber interferometer, the center device in the fiber sensing system, with the remarkable capability of vibration and sound isolation. However, the performance index of the such product is still far from the requirement. Based on the method of suspension type we first produce the sound isolation device with the two-part vibration isolation structure. Then during a series of tests we find that it has the remarkable capability of vibration and sound isolation, the capability of sound isolation is higher than 40dB in the whole range of the testing frequencies and the well capability of vibration isolation, which reach to as most as 60dB and at least as 20dB, has been shown above 5Hz.
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Shen Song, Shen Song, Cong Zhang Shen Song, and Xinyuan You Cong Zhang. "Decoupling Temporal Convolutional Networks Model in Sound Event Detection and Localization." 網際網路技術學刊 24, no. 1 (January 2023): 089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642023012401009.
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<p>Sound event detection is sensitive to the network depth, and the increase of the network depth will lead to a decrease in the event detection ability. However, event localization has a deeper requirement for the network depth. In this paper, the accuracy of the joint task of event detection and localization is improved by decoupling SELD-TCN. The joint task is reflected in the early fusion of primary features and the enhancement of the generalization ability of the sound event detection branch as the DOA branch mask, while the advanced feature extraction and recognition of the two branches are carried out in different ways separately. The primary features extracted by resnet16-dilated instead of CNN-Pool. The SED branch adopts linear temporal convolution to realize sound event detection by imitating the linear classifier, and ED-TCN is used for the localization detection branch. The joint training of the DOA branch and the SED branch will affect each other badly. Using the most appropriate way for both branches and masking the DOA branch with the SED branch can improve the performance of both. In the TUT Sound Events 2019 dataset, the DOA error achieved an error effect of 6.73, 8.8 and 30.7 with no overlapping source data, with two and three overlapping sources, respectively. The SED accuracy has been significantly improved, and the DOA error has been significantly reduced.</p> <p> </p>
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Du, Bokai, Xiangyang Zeng, and Haitao Wang. "A two-zone sound field reproduction based on the region energy control." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1442.
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Multizone sound field reproduction aims to create different acoustical environments in regions without physical isolation. For a real reproduction system, it is always expected to improve system performance and reduce measurement effort. In this paper, a two-zone sound field reproduction is investigated with a proposed region control method. Conventional multipoint method only controls sound field at limited number of measurement points. However, the proposed method tries to control the sound field energy over the whole region. Considering the system's diverse work environment, different interpolation methods are applied in the proposed method. Simulations are conducted under free field and reverberation condition in order to deeply compare with conventional method and another harmonic domain method. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than the conventional multipoint method in free field and reverberant environment. On the other hand, the region control method proposed in this paper is free from microphone array geometry requirement, which means the method is more convenient for the practical application.
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San Cristóbal, José Ramón. "A Cost Forecasting Model for a Vessel Drydocking." Journal of Ship Production and Design 31, no. 01 (February 1, 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2015.31.1.58.
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Approximately every 3 or 4 years, vessels have to be drydocked, either in accordance with specific rule requirements or to gain an overall view of the vessel's condition. These drydockings can incur considerable expense because they involve the inspection, overhaul, and, where necessary, the modification of existing equipment. It is imperative for ship managers and operators to monitor and control drydockings because lower drydocking costs do not just affect sound financial performance, but are also a requirement for it. This article proposes a method for forecasting the actual cost and the cost at completion of vessel drydockings based on the Gray system theory. Results show that the accuracy of the GM (1,1) forecasting model is highly efficient.
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Luo, Z. H., J. B. Wei, G. Chen, H. Chen, and H. J. Schulze. "Equation of state and sound velocity in hybrid stars with a Dyson–Schwinger quark model." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 25 (August 20, 2019): 1950202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231950202x.
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We investigate the equation of state (EOS) and the corresponding sound velocity of the dense matter in hybrid neutron stars. For the hadron matter, the Bruckner–Hartree–Fock (BHF) many-body theory with Bonn-B potential is adopted. For the quark matter, the Dyson–Schwinger quark model is adopted, with the rainbow approximation and the Gaussian type effective interaction for quark–gluon vertex and gluon propagator. The phase transition is considered with both Maxwell condition and Gibbs condition. Then, the sound velocity in the pure hadron phase, pure quark phase and the mixed phase are obtained. The causality requirement [Formula: see text] puts a strong constraint on the EOS from BHF theory. In quark matter, it is found that [Formula: see text] and varies slowly. In the mixed phase with Gibbs condition, the sound velocity varies strongly and nonmonotonically.
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Vickery, Lindsay. "The Limitations of Representing Sound and Notation on Screen." Organised Sound 19, no. 3 (November 13, 2014): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135577181400020x.
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Animated screen-based notation and visual representation of sound provide an important solution to visualising a range of musical phenomena and techniques including continuous parametrical changes, synchronisation with prerecorded audio or live processing, and nonlinear formal organisation. The limitations of human visual capabilities, however, place some constraints upon the efficacy of screen-based representation, particularly in regard to notation reading. Findings from sightreading studies exploring the manner in which notation is encoded, processed and executed are examined with the aim of identifying the perceptual and practical boundaries of presenting animated notation on screen. The development of efficient visual representation is proposed as an important requirement for alleviating the issues created by the time constraints of reading on screen. Studies in semantics and cross-modal activation are discussed as a foundation for the expansion of approaches to the visualisation of sound.
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Davy, John Laurence, Kym Burgemeister, David Hillman, and Simon Carlile. "A Review of the Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Noise in the Australian Context." Acoustics Australia 48, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40857-020-00192-4.
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Abstract This manuscript describes a range of technical deliberations undertaken by the authors during their work as members of the Australian Government’s Independent Scientific Committee on Wind Turbines. Central to these deliberations was the requirement upon the committee to improve understanding and monitoring of the potential impacts of sound from wind turbines (including low frequency and infrasound) on health and the environment. The paper examines existing wind turbine sound limits, possible perceptual and physiological effects of wind turbine noise, aspects of the effects of wind turbine sound on sleep health and quality of life, low-frequency noise limits, the concept of annoyance including alternative causes of it and the potential for it to be affected by low-frequency noise, the influence of amplitude modulation and tonality, sound measurement and analysis and management strategies. In so doing it provides an objective basis for harmonisation across Australia of provisions for siting and monitoring of wind turbines, which currently vary from state to state, contributing to contention and potential inequities between Australians, depending on their place of residence.
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Iglehart, Frank. "Speech Perception in Classroom Acoustics by Children With Hearing Loss and Wearing Hearing Aids." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-0010.
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Purpose The classroom acoustic standard ANSI/ASA S12.60-2010/Part 1 requires a reverberation time (RT) for children with hearing impairment of 0.3 s, shorter than its requirement of 0.6 s for children with typical hearing. While preliminary data from conference proceedings support this new RT requirement of 0.3 s, peer-reviewed data that support 0.3-s RT are not available on those wearing hearing aids. To help address this, this article compares speech perception performance by children with hearing aids in RTs, including those specified in the ANSI/ASA-2010 standard. A related clinical issue is whether assessments of speech perception conducted in near-anechoic sound booths, which may overestimate performance in reverberant classrooms, may now provide a more reliable estimate when the child is in a classroom with a short RT of 0.3 s. To address this, this study compared speech perception by children with hearing aids in a sound booth to listening in 0.3-s RT. Method Participants listened in classroom RTs of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 s and in a near-anechoic sound booth. All conditions also included a 21-dB range of speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to further represent classroom listening environments. Performance measures using the Bamford–Kowal–Bench Speech-in-Noise (BKB-SIN) test were 50% correct word recognition across these acoustic conditions, with supplementary analyses of percent correct. Results Each reduction in RT from 0.9 to 0.6 to 0.3 s significantly benefited the children's perception of speech. Scores obtained in a sound booth were significantly better than those measured in 0.3-s RT. Conclusion These results support the acoustic standard of 0.3-s RT for children with hearing impairment in learning spaces ≤ 283 m 3 , as specified in ANSI/ASA S12.60-2010/Part 1. Additionally, speech perception testing in a sound booth did not predict accurately listening ability in a classroom with 0.3-s RT. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11356487
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B, Mahadeva. "An IoT Based Air and Sound Pollution Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44498.
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Abstract: In infrastructure and industrial plants the rapid growth creating environmental issues like pollution (Air, Water, Noise), climate change, malfunctioning and has greatly consequence for the requirement of an, operationally adaptable, efficient, cheap and smart monitoring systems. In this context where combination of many challenges of computer science, wireless communication and electronics, the smart sensor networks are an emerging field of research. In this paper a solution to monitor the air and noise pollution levels in industrial environment or by using wireless embedded computing system a particular area of interest is proposed. The technology like Internet of Things (IOT) is included in the form of solution which is outcome of merged field of computer science and electronics. For monitoring the fluctuation of parameters like noise and air pollution and also humidity and temperature levels from their normal levels in this case the sensing devices are connected to the embedded computing system.
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Yu, Gang, and Zhong Wei Xu. "Safety Requirements Model-Based Safety Test Automation of Train Control System of High Speed Railway in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2768.
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Train control system is a safety-critical system, which requires a thorough safety testing before they are deployed. But the traditional technology of test automation is not sound for safety test of safety-critical software system because of its just aiming at the system functional requirements. Focusing on the safety requirements, this paper addresses a new method to perform safety test of safety-critical system based on safety requirement by using model-based test. The method presents safety automata to express safety properties in term of safety requirements and extract safety model from the safety requirements. It also provides a new technique for automatic generation of safety test case suite. By using the method, we have designed an automatic testing framework and developed an automatic testing platform, which has been applied to standard testing the product of train control system in term of the requirements of Ministry of railways in china, and implement effectively the functional and safety test of the product of train control system in china.
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Mamunuri, Sailender. "Parametric Design on Weld Characteristics of Submerged Arc Welding Process Parameters." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.15335.
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A low carbon with manganese steel is apt for the fabrication of pressure vessels welds, which is designed for low-temperature service requirement. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is chosen process, due to incessant sound joint requirement and its inherent qualities like smooth bead, deep penetration and sound joint quality and reliable. SAW is renowned by huge quantity of parameters, which acts collectively influence the outputs performance, subsequently affects the joint quality. The objective is to optimize the variables parametrically for various outputs. Taguchi’s orthogonal array, which is a design of experiment, is adopted to optimize as well for their effects on desired outputs. The author modified the process by introducing ‘purging gas’ in SAW. ‘Purged’ SAW results are contrasted against the traditional ‘as-is’ of SAW. Identified the variable significance effect is through analysis of variance with their contribution. Correlations between parameters and performance outputs are established via Regression Analysis. Build models competency are checked with F-test; determined quantitatively and showed graphically, for discussion of their effects to achieve the required quality. Using confirmation tests, the models are validated and found the outcomes are in the confines.
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Lee, Sang-Kwon, Kanghyun An, Hye-Young Cho, and Sung-Uk Hwang. "Prediction and Sound Quality Analysis of Tire Pattern Noise Based on System Identification by Utilizing an Optimal Adaptive Filter." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 3995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9193995.
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Identifying the cause of vehicle noise is a basic requirement for the development of low-noise vehicles. The tire pattern noise depends on the tire itself and causes complex and unpredictable sounds. In pneumatic tire pattern design, the prediction technology of the tire pattern noise according to pattern shape design is important. The conventional method of predicting tire pattern noise is to simply scan the pattern shape of tire and to analyze its spectrum. However, this method has limitations because it does not consider the transfer function and precise mechanism of tire pattern noise. In this study, adaptive filter theory was applied to identify the transfer function between the grooves of patterns and measured acoustic data. To predict the waveform of an actual pattern noise in the time domain, the impulse response of this transfer function was convolved by the scanned pattern input of tires. The predicted waveform of pattern noise was validated with the waveforms of measured noise data. Finally, a sound quality index (SQI) of tire pattern noise was developed using the measured pattern noises and was applied to estimate the sound quality of pattern noise. Eventually, using the prediction method from this study, we hope to reduce the time and cost spent on tire pattern design and verification.
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Reys, Robert, and Rustin Reys. "Sound Off!: Two High School Mathematics Curricular Paths—Which One to Take?" Mathematics Teacher 102, no. 8 (April 2009): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.102.8.0568.
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High schools are requiring students to complete more years of mathematics in order to graduate (Reys et al. 2007). This requirement raises several questions for schools, teachers, students, and parents. In particular, what mathematics should students study, and how should that mathematics be organized? High school mathematics programs today use two different mathematics course sequences. One sequence focuses each course on a specific subject (algebra, geometry, algebra, or precalculus), while the other integrates mathematical strands throughout each course. Choosing between subject-based and integrated course sequences stimulates discussions about-and often controversy over—which organizational choice is best and for whom.
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Reys, Robert, and Rustin Reys. "Sound Off!: Two High School Mathematics Curricular Paths—Which One to Take?" Mathematics Teacher 102, no. 8 (April 2009): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.102.8.0568.
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High schools are requiring students to complete more years of mathematics in order to graduate (Reys et al. 2007). This requirement raises several questions for schools, teachers, students, and parents. In particular, what mathematics should students study, and how should that mathematics be organized? High school mathematics programs today use two different mathematics course sequences. One sequence focuses each course on a specific subject (algebra, geometry, algebra, or precalculus), while the other integrates mathematical strands throughout each course. Choosing between subject-based and integrated course sequences stimulates discussions about-and often controversy over—which organizational choice is best and for whom.
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Bai, Xiao Tian, and Chang Zheng Chen. "Analysis of the Influence of Vibro-Acoustic Coupling Effect on the Floor Sound Insulation." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.390.
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The difference between the theoretical calculation and the actual volume of sound insulation which appears in the actual engineering of water pump system always exceed the standard of noise in the residential areas. It is difficult to meet the requirement even when the quality of the project gets improved. In this paper, ,the acoustical mode is obtained by finite element method and the distribution of noise after coming through the floor is calculated in different frequency based on the theory of sound and vibration coupling effect . The result points out that the neglect of the vibro-acoustic coupling effect is the main reason of imprecise. The solution to the problem is put forward and the direction of the noise reduction measures in the future is pointed out .
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Kombo, Kevin, and Dr Amos Njuguna. "Effects of Basel III Framework on Capital Adequacy of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.33.
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Purpose:The purpose of the study was toassess the effects of Basel III framework on capital adequacy requirement in commercial banks in Kenya. The study sought to address the following research questions: why are capital adequacy regulations important in commercial banks in Kenya? What challenges are commercial banks facing in the implementation of capital adequacy requirement? What measures have commercial banks taken to ensure compliance with the capital adequacy requirement?Methodology:A descriptive survey design was applied to a population of 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya. The target population composed of the 159 management staff currently employed at the head offices of the various commercial banks in Kenya. The population was composed of Senior, Middle and Junior or Entry level Management staff. A sample of 30% was selected from within each group.Primary data was gathered using questionnaires which were dropped off at the bank’s head offices and picked up later when the respondents had filled the questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.Results:The findings show that capital adequacy requirement is important in commercial banks because it leads financial stability in the Kenyan economy, improves credit risk management techniques as poor credit risk management requires more capital and leads to reduced vulnerability to liquidity shocks due to the sound capitalization policies being implemented under the Basel III framework. Findings also revealed that capital adequacy affected the balance sheet structure of the commercial banks in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that banks should continue the pursuit of various strategies to ensure that they are in compliance with Basel III requirements and the Central Bank of Kenya’s Prudential Guidelines. The staff of this committee should be drawn from mainly the finance, legal, compliance and treasury departments. Compliance with the capital requirements will lead to a safety net for all commercial banks as the additional capital will act as a cushion that absorbs losses in case of distress in the commercial banking sector.
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Dimick, Dennis. "Acoustic and Thermal Test Facility Construction and Validation." Journal of the IEST 31, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.2.qxq649236r7v7632.
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A requirement was developed to expose the upper stage of the Centaur in the final flight configuration to intense acoustic and thermal environments. To satisfy this requirement a large state-of-the-art acoustic and thermal test facility was constructed. The facility consists of a 1840.8 m3 (65,000 ft3) reverberation chamber and a 1316.9 m3 (46,500 ft3) thermal chamber housed in a single clean environment facility. The acoustic chamber has an overall sound pressure capability of 154 dB with uniformity within -2 to +4 dB. The sound intensity is created by a four-horn matrix with a frequency range of 25 to 10,000 Hz. The thermal chamber has a temperature range capability of -35 to +185° F with a uniformity of ±5°. The thermal chamber air is humidity controlled and filtered to maintain cleanliness standards. Both chambers are supported by modern digital data acquisition and control systems located in a 175.2 m2 (1886 ft2) control room. The facility has the capability to store and transfer cryogenic liquids into the Centaur vehicle. Problems encountered during the design and construction are discussed along with the test program that was performed to validate the facility. Suggestions are made to future builders of large acoustic or thermal test facilities.
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Khanneh, Shada, and Vaibhav Anu. "Security Requirements Prioritization Techniques: A Survey and Classification Framework." Software 1, no. 4 (October 28, 2022): 450–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/software1040019.
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Security requirements Engineering (SRE) is an activity conducted during the early stage of the SDLC. SRE involves eliciting, analyzing, and documenting security requirements. Thorough SRE can help software engineers incorporate countermeasures against malicious attacks into the software’s source code itself. Even though all security requirements are considered relevant, implementing all security mechanisms that protect against every possible threat is not feasible. Security requirements must compete not only with time and budget, but also with the constraints they inflect on a software’s availability, features, and functionalities. Thus, the process of security requirements prioritization becomes an integral task in the discipline of risk-analysis and trade-off-analysis. A sound prioritization technique provides guidance for software engineers to make educated decisions on which security requirements are of topmost importance. Even though previous research has proposed various security requirement prioritization techniques, none of the existing research efforts have provided a detailed survey and comparative analysis of existing techniques. This paper uses a literature survey approach to first define security requirements engineering. Next, we identify the state-of-the-art techniques that can be adopted to impose a well-established prioritization criterion for security requirements. Our survey identified, summarized, and compared seven (7) security requirements prioritization approaches proposed in the literature.
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Melnikov, Anton, Marcus Guettler, Monika Gatt, Michael Scheffler, and Steffen Marburg. "Development of a novel sound pressure level requirement for characterizing noise disturbances from theater and opera stages." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3957–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4988998.
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Marques-Silva, Joao, and Alexey Ignatiev. "Delivering Trustworthy AI through Formal XAI." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21499.
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The deployment of systems of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-risk settings warrants the need for trustworthy AI. This crucial requirement is highlighted by recent EU guidelines and regulations, but also by recommendations from OECD and UNESCO, among several other examples. One critical premise of trustworthy AI involves the necessity of finding explanations that offer reliable guarantees of soundness. This paper argues that the best known eXplainable AI (XAI) approaches fail to provide sound explanations, or that alternatively find explanations which can exhibit significant redundancy. The solution to these drawbacks are explanation approaches that offer formal guarantees of rigor. These formal explanations are not only sound but guarantee irredundancy. This paper summarizes the recent developments in the emerging discipline of formal XAI. The paper also outlines existing challenges for formal XAI.
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MAMAEVA, A. V., L. A. BRYUKHOVSKIKH, and E. E. KUYDINA. "MONITORING OF SCHOOL ACIEVEMENTS AMONG STUDENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION (SOUND AND LETTER ANALYSIS)." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-54-4-237.
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Statement of the problem. Research problem to determine the possibility of using a modified Russian-language version of GOM technology (general outcome measurement) for monitoring of school achievements among students with mental retardation in an interactive environment. The purpose of the article is to determine the reliability and validity of the sets of tasks developed for monitoring of school achievements (sound and letter analysis) among students with mental retardation in an interactive environment. Materials and Methods. The main methodological base is a group of theoretical scientific methods related to the analysis of empirical data. Empirical data were obtained both by the method of choosing (indicating) the correct option from the three proposed for selection (the requirement of GOM technology), and by the generally accepted method of assessing sound analysis – oral questioning. The survey by pointing to the correct option was carried out using a computer program in an interactive environment. Research results. The reliability of the task sets for monitoring the formation of the ability to determine the first and last letter in a word was confirmed, since the results of showing two inclusions in a close time period coincide at a significance level of 0.05. A close and significant relationship between the display results and the results of oral responses was confirmed when determining the first and last letters in a word, which allows us to prove the validity of the task sets. Conclusions. The task sets developed in the Russian version taking into account the GOM requirements for monitoring of school achievements among students with mental retardation in an interactive environment are reliable and relevant.
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Dreier, Christian, and Michael Vorländer. "Sound source modelling by nonnegative matrix factorization for virtual reality applications." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1742.
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Auralization is a suitable method for subjective noise evaluation of virtual prototypes. A basic requirement is the accurate modelling of the sound sources. This includes a dynamic and parametric description at multiple operating conditions. In the case of wave propagation including flow, such as aircraft or vehicle noise, aeroacoustics or fluid dynamics simulations are practically limited to the acoustic near field due to high computational costs. Especially challenging are simulations of rotating systems, such as fan noise radiation. For better applicability, the proposed method is based on in-situ recordings of flyovers. The processing chain compensates for source position and movement as well as atmospheric and soil damping effects on recorded data. The compensated source signal is decomposed into partial sources in spectro-temporal domain with nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and can optionally be enhanced by physically-based source information. The format of the source model obtained is ready to use for dynamic sound synthesis in real-time virtual reality applications.
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Sedunin, V. A., Yu G. Marchenko, and I. A. Kalinin. "Quantitative Assessment of the Turbine Flow Generator Parameters Based on the Requirements for Respiratory Systems." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 4 (745) (April 2022): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-4-43-51.
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The article considers the experience of designing a turbine-type flow generator (also known as "turbine", "blower", "centrifugal fan", etc.) for artificial respirators. The system requirements for such a device have been transformed into the geometric and mechanical parameters of the blower in the form adopted in turbomachinery world. These requirements affect not only the pressure and performance indicators, but also the acceleration time (reaching the required operating mode) and the sound pressure level. Special attention is paid to the choice of aerodynamic parameters of the turbo blower, as well as to the specifics of its operation considering the effect of the electric motor torque on its characteristics. The concept of monitoring the residual life of the motor by a vibration sensor and a resistance thermometer, allowing introducing emergency settings in the algorithm controlling the ventilator, is considered. All this will make it possible more reasonable interpretation of the solutions and products presented currently on the market, as well as more detailed considering the specifics of a particular device when developing technical requirement for a blower.
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Koempel, Florian. "From the gut? Questions on Artificial Intelligence and music." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2020.04.05.
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AI applications are manifold in the music industry, both as tools assisting composers in creating and as music generating machines. AI applications assisting composers are widely used, for example in providing drum sequences or mastering services. AI-generated music is mainly used as production music, for example in synchronizing YouTube videos. Copyright implications relate initially to the use of existing works to train the computer, and secondly to the copyright protection for AI-generated musical works or sound recordings. This article firstly looks at the copyright acts involved in the training process in the EU, UK and US as well as potentially applicable exceptions. Secondly, it addresses the copyright position of AI-generated music and in particular the legal requirement of human creativity as the basis of copyright protection for musical works. The situation for sound recordings might be different.
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Liu, Zhan Feng, and Ya Zhou Feng. "Design and Research of Amplitude Transformer in Ultrasonic Vibration Drilling System." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.852.
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The ultrasonic vibration drilling presents superior technology effect than common methods in small-diameter deep hole machining areas, and can improve the machining quality and efficiency remarkably. The amplitude transformer usually is designed by users according to the requirement of production. Thus the design and manufacturing of amplitude transformer and the realization of the resonance of device are key problems in ultrasonic vibration drilling system. In this paper, we firstly analyzed the structure of amplitude transformer in the axial ultrasonic vibration drilling, and then designed and manufactured the composite amplitude transformer for small-diameter deep holes in the ultrasonic vibration drilling. After we carried out the test in the sound vibration system, the result indicated that the resonance of the sound system could be satisfied and the demand of small-diameter deep hole drilling could be met.
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Bailescu, Catalin, Tiberiu Catalina, and Vlad Iordache. "Studies on acoustic comfort in a passive house." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106080.
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Acoustic comfort is a requirement of major importance during the design of houses. This study focused on the acoustic comfort parameter called sound pressure level. The value of this parameter is variable during operation of a particular building , depending on the type of absorbent material and them surface. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the equipment of the technical space for a passive house . In this study was experimentally determined the value of noise for a Passive House in Romania using specialized equipment and software from Bruel & Kjaer . With these equipment and software were simulated different functional parameters of heat recovery and circulation pump, and different ways of placing the house on various types of roads leading sound pressure level simultaneously for five rooms , result compared with rules imposed values for each type of room.
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BEGUŠ, GAŠPER. "Post-nasal devoicing and the blurring process." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 4 (November 13, 2018): 689–753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671800049x.
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This paper addresses one of the most contested issues in phonology: unnatural alternations. First, non-natural phonological processes are subdivided into unmotivated and unnatural. The central topic of the paper is an unnatural process: post-nasal devoicing (PND). I collect thirteen cases of PND and argue that in all reported cases, PND does not derive from a single unnatural sound change (as claimed in some individual accounts of the data), but rather from a combination of three sound changes, each of which is phonetically motivated. I present new evidence showing that the three stages are directly historically attested in the pre-history of Yaghnobi. Based on several discussed cases, I propose a new diachronic model for explaining unnatural phenomena called the Blurring Process and point to its advantages over competing approaches (hypercorrection, perceptual enhancement, and phonetic motivation). The Blurring Process establishes general diachronic conditions for unnatural synchronic processes and can be employed to explain unnatural processes beyond PND. Additionally, I provide a proof establishing the minimal sound changes required for an unmotivated/unnatural alternation to arise. The Blurring Process and Minimal Sound Change Requirement have implications for models of typology within the Channel Bias approach. This paper thus presents a first step toward the ultimate goal of quantifying the influences of Channel Bias on phonological typology.
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Liu, Le, Long-Xiang Xie, Weichun Huang, Xiu Juan Zhang, Ming-Hui Lu, and Yan-Feng Chen. "Broadband acoustic absorbing metamaterial via deep learning approach." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 25 (June 20, 2022): 251701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097696.
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Sound absorption is important for room acoustics and remediation of noise. Acoustic metamaterials have recently emerged as one of the most promising platforms for sound absorption. However, the working bandwidth is severely limited because of the strong dispersion in the spectrum caused by local resonance. Utilizing the coupling effect among resonators can improve the absorbers' performance, but the requirement of collecting coupling effects among all resonators, not only the nearest-neighbor coupling, makes the system too complex to explore analytically. This Letter describes deep learning based acoustic metamaterials for achieving broadband sound absorption with no visible oscillation in a targeted frequency band. We numerically and experimentally achieve an average absorption coefficient larger than 97% within the ultra-broadband extending from 860 to 8000 Hz, proving the validity of the deep learning based acoustic metamaterials. The excellent ultra-broadband and near-perfect absorption performance allows the absorber for versatile applications in noise-control engineering and room acoustics. Our work also reveals the significance of modulating coupling effects among resonators, and the deep learning approach may blaze a trail in the design strategy of acoustic functional devices.
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Slingerland, Frank. "Acoustic Design of Large Reverberant Chambers." Journal of the IEST 33, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.33.5.225g4n21g1077960.
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Acoustic testing of space systems and components is essential to the assurance of launch viability. Large acoustic test chambers that permit system-level testing are rapidly becoming the norm. The initial cost of such installations is typically 5 percent of that of a single large satellite. Their cost-effectiveness is easily demonstrated. This article provides design information on calculation of noise input power requirement; sound field uniformity; acoustic fatigue of chamber; noise breakout and soil vibration; and future trends in design.