Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sound requirement

Academic literature on the topic 'Sound requirement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Li, Yi Hong, and Ai Ying Yang. "Acoustical Design and Measurement in Surround Sound Classroom." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1839.

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This paper covers the requirement and measurement of sound quality in the surround sound classroom. Based on the characteristics of the sound field, this paper specially deals with the design of acoustics requirement of the characteristics of reverberation frequency and sound propagation. In order to meet the requirements of recording in signal to noise ratio, comprehensive methods in noise decrease are adopted in design, which include the reduction of noise in room background. Through the checking of the testing data and the evaluation of the users, various acoustics norms meet the requirements of acoustics and the demands of the using.
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Foong, Tan Qing, and Siti Zubaidah Ismail. "DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND ANALYSIS OF A SMART MOWER." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 3 (October 1, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i2.2734.

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This paper focusses on optimisation of vibration and sound levels of a lawnmower from process cutting with the cutting blade. Technical requirements have been defined for the project including customer requirement, cost model of the product, the checklist of product design specification, concept generation, concept selection and prototyping. These are the fundamental technical requirement to build a safe and efficient of Smart Mower. The experiment was analysed using 200 to 900 wedge angles of cutting blade to cutting grass field simulation for the test of levels of vibration and sound. From the results, it is observed that the analysis of changing wedge angle will provide changes on levels of vibration and sound. The obtained results indicate that the smaller wedge angle gives smaller levels of vibration and sound. The results can also significantly meet all customer requirement according to product development. Therefore, the wedge angle is promising the reduction of vibration level and sound level. At last, this result can reduce the cost, time to market and improve product reliability and customer confidence.
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Bandara, Meelan, Roshinie Jayasundara, Isuru Ariyarathne, Dulani Meedeniya, and Charith Perera. "Forest Sound Classification Dataset: FSC22." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042032.

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The study of environmental sound classification (ESC) has become popular over the years due to the intricate nature of environmental sounds and the evolution of deep learning (DL) techniques. Forest ESC is one use case of ESC, which has been widely experimented with recently to identify illegal activities inside a forest. However, at present, there is a limitation of public datasets specific to all the possible sounds in a forest environment. Most of the existing experiments have been done using generic environment sound datasets such as ESC-50, U8K, and FSD50K. Importantly, in DL-based sound classification, the lack of quality data can cause misguided information, and the predictions obtained remain questionable. Hence, there is a requirement for a well-defined benchmark forest environment sound dataset. This paper proposes FSC22, which fills the gap of a benchmark dataset for forest environmental sound classification. It includes 2025 sound clips under 27 acoustic classes, which contain possible sounds in a forest environment. We discuss the procedure of dataset preparation and validate it through different baseline sound classification models. Additionally, it provides an analysis of the new dataset compared to other available datasets. Therefore, this dataset can be used by researchers and developers who are working on forest observatory tasks.
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Miner, Nadine, and Thomas Caudell. "Computational Requirements and Synchronization Issues for Virtual Acoustic Displays." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 4 (August 1998): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565802.

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This paper addresses two main issues concerning virtual acoustic displays. First, we discuss the computational requirements including sound generation (or synthesis), environmental effects modeling, and three-dimensional (3-D) sound localization. The computational analysis reveals that acoustic processing delays of at least 66 ms are expected with today's technology. This analysis motivates the second issue: how much computational time is available for executing the acoustic process, assuming the requirement for perceptually perfect audiovisual synchronization? A psychoacoustic experiment designed to quantify the tolerable audiovisual delay indicates that an acoustic impact event must occur within an average of 175 ms of the visual event in order for the events to be perceived as synchronous. The most highly trained observers detect desynchrony with an audiovisual delay as low as 100 ms. The results of the computational requirement analysis and the psychoacoustic synchronization experiment provide important information for designers and researchers of virtual acoustic displays.
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Nosal, D., and E. Bilgery. "Airborne noise, structure-borne sound (vibration) and vacuum stability of milking systems." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 5 (December 12, 2011): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4304-cjas.

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Problems with milking and udder health can be attributed to the following causes: (1) sound intensity level (noise) &gt; 65 dB in the milking area, (2) transmission of oscillation (vibration) &gt; 0.3 m/s<sup>2 </sup>to the body of the cow in the milking parlour, (3) transmission of severe oscillation (vibration) into the vacuum system, (4) assembly and installation faults causing fluid flow problems and hence pressure fluctuations in the vacuum system. By combining technical alterations to a practical unit with the fitting of the Vibrations-schlucker<sup>&reg;</sup>, it was possible to significantly improve vacuum stability. At the same time noise dropped to one quarter of the original level and vibration was reduced by a factor of five. A significantly reduced working time requirement testified to more pleasant conditions for humans and animals. The results show that the installation requirements according to ISO 5707 (1996) have gaps here. Further studies should specifically define the comfort limits for humans and animals in milking parlours. &nbsp;
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Ono, Christopher, Todd Beiler, and Devin Clausen. "A case study in the measurement of door sound isolation with ASTM test standards." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2425.

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The use of the door transmission class rating in lieu of the apparent sound transmission class rating has yet to gain traction within building codes and specified project requirements. This paper presents a case study involving performance requirement testing conducted at a university's media facility, in which sound insulation properties were a critical design and construction focus. Both test methods described in ASTM E2964 and ASTM E336 were performed where a door was the test partition. Door transmission class ratings were presented in comparison to apparent sound transmission class ratings for the same partition. Testing was performed in a variety of situations, including scenarios both inside and outside of the minimum requirements of testing standards. Our analysis considers the effectiveness of the recently adopted ASTM E2964 in comparison to the methods of the ASTM E336. We also consider some of the subtle differences between the two test methods and how they may impact the testing of certain adjacencies.
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Larsen, Bernt Mikal. "Whole glass facade in office building - Measured noise level and requirement for facade." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 7 (February 1, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0002.

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The presentation will summarize calculated and measured noise level from road traffic in office building with whole glass facade. The experience is based on a new office building called Baneheia Park in Kristiansand in Norway. With a whole glass facade with Rw+Ctr 46 dB, both calculated an measured noise level from road traffic was Ld 39-40 dB. In Norway the required noise level in offices is Ld 35 dB from road traffic. If effect of reduced sound isolation due to profile system (4 dB) and effect of correction due to area/dimension (4 dB) were included, the requirement for the facade in the given situation should have been Rw+Ctr 51 dB. With such facade, the indoor noise level of Ld 35 dB would have been achieved. When taking both effect of sound transmission through profile system and correction due to area/dimension into account, the required sound isolation from laboratory should normally be at least 8-10 dB higher than the value achieved for the facade in field.
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Young, Vernon R., and Antoine E. El-Khoury. "Human Amino Acid Requirements: A Re-Evaluation." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 3 (September 1996): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700303.

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The most recent internationally stated estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult humans are those given in the 1985 report of the Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements. In this review we present, in brief a number of scientific concerns and problems that lead us to conclude that these current recommendations for amino acid requirements are not valid and that the appropriate values are likely to be considerably higher. Following a short review of the C-labelled amino acid tracer studies carried out at the Massachusetts of Technology (MIT) and designed to reassess the requirements for specific indispensable amino acids, we focus particular attention on the lysine requirement in adults. When various criteria and methods are used to estimate this requirement, it appears that a cohesive body of data indicates the mean requirement value for lysine in healthy adults to be about 30 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/g protein. Although this value contrasts with the FAO/WHO/UNU value of 12 mg/kg/day or 16 ma/g protein, this new, tentative requirement value is consistent with findings from studies carried out earlier at MIT on the nutritional quality of wheat proteins. We propose that it would be prudent to apply the MIT amino acid requirement pattern (see Food and Nutrition Bulletin 1990;12:298–300), rather than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU adult amino acid requirement pattern, in the design and implementation of sound nutrition policies and programmes that include considerations of the amount and quality of the protein component of national and regional diets.
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et al., Bahrami. "The behavior of cross-laminated timber and reinforced concrete floors in a multi-story building." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 6 (June 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.06.006.

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The behavior of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and reinforced concrete (RC) floors in a multi-story building is investigated in this paper. The load-bearing capacity, fire resistance, and sound insulation characteristics of the floors are the main focus of this research. In order to achieve this goal, a four-story building having RC floors is modeled, analyzed, and designed using the StruSoft FEM-Design software (FEM) following the Eurocodes and Swedish national annex. The building is considered to be in the city of Gävle in Sweden. Then, the RC floors of the building are replaced with the CLT floors, and the same process is done utilizing FEM. The utilization ratios (the ratios of the applied loads to the load-bearing capacities), vertical deflections, weights of the RC and CLT floors, and reaction forces of the buildings are evaluated and compared. The results show that the RC floors meet the deflection requirements well which contributes to the focus on their utilization ratios. The designed RC floors are acceptable from the vertical deflection and utilization ratio perspectives. However, the CLT floors cannot meet the vertical deflection requirements, and thus, need strengthening. The CLT floors are strengthened with supporting timber beams and columns which result in acceptable vertical deflections and utilization ratios. Fire resistance and sound insulation conditions of the RC and CLT floors are assessed by calculations based on the requirements of the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building, and Planning regulations (BBR) as well. The RC floors have the ability to be soundproof and have no difficulties in meeting the fire resistance requirements R60 of BBR. A cross-section is proposed for the CLT floors which can meet the fire resistance requirement R60 and sound insulation requirement C of BBR. The maximum reaction forces of the buildings and total weights of the floors are larger in the case of RC than CLT.
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Jin, Tao, Qi Huang, Yong Ding, and Li Feng Zhu. "Measurement and Analysis of the Structural Noise of Urban Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1623.

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To explore the noise generated by bridges during operational period, the equivalent continuous sound pressure levels of 12 bridges in the city of Ningbo were measured and analyzed. The measured data show that (1) Although the measured sound levels of these bridges meet the requirement of Chinese codes, they are near the maximum limit and the vibration and noise reduction is necessary; (2) A-weighted sound level of bridge is close to that of the road nearby; (3) Z-weighted sound level of bridge is much greater than that of the road nearby, it indicates that the bridge noise contains much low frequency noise, so that A-weighted sound level can’t reflect the noise of bridge accurately, and Z-weighted sound level shall be used to evaluate the acoustic environment near bridges.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Uddin, Mahatab. "Climate Change and Requirement of Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160461.

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Technology and policy play a twofold role in international environmental laws. Stronger environmental policies encourage new green technologies and likewise, better technologies make it easier to regulate. “Technology transfer” refers to the transfer from one party, an association or institution that developed the technology, to another that adopts, adapts, and uses it. As different kinds of threats posed by climate change are continuously increasing all over the world the issue of “technology transfer” especially the transfer of environmentally sound technologies has become one of the key topics of international environmental debates. This thesis addresses, firstly, the possible methods of technology transfer and secondly, how current international environmental laws play its role to facilitate the transfer. Accordingly, I have focused on the concerned provisions of Kyoto Protocol and its subsequent implementation measures. I have also taken in to account the decisions of the annual meetings of the Conference of the parties (COPs) of the UNFCCC. The thesis has also made a brief comparative discussion between the provisions of international environmental laws and the provisions of intellectual property rights in terms of technology transfer. However, at the last stage of the thesis, some potential recommendations are mentioned and briefly discussed in view to come up with a sustainable solution. In addition to the international environmental law, I have also tried to figure out some other international or multinational instruments which concern the transfer of environmentally sound technologies.
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Lopez-Villegas, Pablo. "Coherence of perceptions for ecologically sound agriculture, a basic requirement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ43180.pdf.

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Spingies, Conrad. "The "Big E": the English (first language) endorsement on the teacher's bilingualism certificate: an investigation into the background to and origin of this requirement, an evaluation of past and current examining practices and standards and criteria, a needs assessment, and suggestions and recommendations for sound practice." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003308.

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South African education authorities demand of teachers a high degree of competency in both official languages. In the Cape Province in particular, teachers are not considered eligible for promotion posts unless they possess the so-called Higher Bilingualism Certificate, signifying their command of both official languages at "First Language" level. In view of the fact that the overwhelming majority of schools nowadays are single-medium institutions; this requirement may strike the objective observer as an anomaly. An attempt was made, therefore, first of all to investigate the historical background to this requirement. The "language question", a problematic feature of South African education since the beginning of the nineteenth.century, was not resolved when legislators chose "bilingualism and language equality" for the Union of South Africa in 1910. The available evidence suggests, however, that bilingualism was actively pursued as an educational ideal at least until the end of the 1940s, and for this reason education authorities placed a high premium on teachers who were "fully bilingual". Nowadays the typical (White) school is a single-medium institution where the second language is rarely if ever heard outside the classroom where it is taught as a subject. The present policy, to demand a high degree of proficiency in both official languages of teachers occupying promotion posts at such a school, may then be described not only as an anomaly, but as an anachronism. A further problem is the fact that the various educational institutions (specifically teachers' colleges and universities) that set examinations leading to the Higher Bilingualism Certificate rarely communicate with one another, and are therefore unable to agree on uniform standards and criteria, or to ensure that such standards are maintained. That this is indeed the case, was confirmed by examination of "Big E" test papers set at three teachers' colleges, two Colleges for Continued Training, and four universities in the Cape Province. In an attempt to establish what assistance and support might be needed by a "second language" user of English in order for him to improve to the point where he resembled a "first language" user of English in his "terminal language behaviour", a comparison (by means of error analysis) of the responses of two groups (an Ll and an L2 group) to the same test paper was undertaken. The available evidence suggests that L2 users may need to be helped to acquire a more extensive vocabulary, but, above all, that they need to improve their ability to handle two crucially important aspects of usage: idiom and grammar. The final chapter attempts to establish pedagogic and linguistic bases for a course intended for "Big E" candidates, and makes recommendations with regard to (i) the content and the form of the course, and (ii) sound examination practice. The concluding thoughts offer the view that such a course could remain useful even in a future South Africa where the emphasis may shift from a demand for teachers who are "fully bilingual" to teachers who have a good command of English.
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Zhang, Jessie Xin. "Audio segmentation, classification and visualization a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/802.

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Hill, Christopher. "The anarchist's jukebox? a historical account of the file sharing conflict : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Communication Studies), Auckland University of Technology, 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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Thesis (MA--Communication Studies) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2005.
Chapter 5 not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (viii, 177 leaves, 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 338.4778149 HIL)
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Namroud, Larsana, and Ellen Hansson. "Projektering av KL-träbjälklag i bostäder med hänsyn till spännvidd och ljudkrav." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50168.

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Wood construction has increased in the recent years for apartment buildings consisting of four to five floors. Compared to other building materials, wood has great environmental benefits. For a building in a larger scale constructed in wood, cross-laminated timber, also known as CLT is an option. The technology for CLT originated in Sweden during the 1990s and since then the development has increased. CLT has excellent stiffness and strength properties. The design of a floor in CLT is important for how the building and the environment are perceived indoors. The wooden floor is about five times lighter than concrete, which means that measures are required to meet the sound requirements set by Boverkets building regulations in Sweden. This will affect the span. The aim of the project is to present a knowledge overview of CLT and for floor in CLT up to 9 meters in span, to compete with concrete floor in steel and prefabricated concrete frames. The study includes a quantitative methodology using three different data collection methods. These are literature study, document analysis and calculations. The literature study and the document analysis are based on scientific-and research articles, together with manuals. The calculations are carried out in Stora Enso's calculation program Calculatis by Stora Enso. The program follows Eurocode's design principles. The result of the study shows that a CLT-board with laminated beams gives greater span than just a CLT-board does. The calculation means that the plate must meet the deflection requirement L / 300. Research shows that construction with CLT is increasing and there is great potential to obtain a cost-effective reduction of the carbon footprint and at the same time improve the utilization of natural resources by replacing non-renewable building materials such as concrete and steel with CLT. In order to achieve the sound requirements that are established, the CLT floor must be dimensioned thicker and measures such as additional insulation. By looking at the results, the conclusion is drawn that CLT-floor may grow further to compete with concrete floor in the future. Currently the material is considered useful and environmental for smaller constructions for such as smaller houses, due to the sound insulation problem. For larger constructions with the similar problem can timber-concrete composite be an alternative. CLT-floor reinforced with glulam beams may be considered as a choice for larger and bigger constructions because the span widths increase, and the construction can withstand maximum deflection. The study is limited to mainly considering CLT but also a small amount of concrete and glulam. Vibrations and environmental risks such as moisture, sunlight and fire, are not considered. The calculations the work uses are based on Eurocode 5, dimensioning of wooden structures. Other types of design principles have been excluded.
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Duignan, Matthew. "Computer mediated music production : a study of abstraction and activity : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/590.

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Smith, Andy. "Pat Metheny: Composing to Exploit the Sound of the Guitar : a thesis submitted to the New Zealand School of Music [in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music]." New Zealand School of Music, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1113.

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The study's objective is to relate the development of Pat Metheny's stylistic characteristics from his interpretation of jazz standards to their incorporation into his own compositions. Stylistic elements are established and a sample of his compositions are analysed to compare his solo style in standards with his compositional style. Metheny is a recognised innovator in technique and uses a wide range of instruments in the guitar family, both traditional and radically new. The use of such instruments frees Metheny from some restrictions and the possibility that this freedom is a major influence in his improvisation and composition is remarked on. There is scope for further work based on a wider sampling, and the methodology used in this study could probably be modified to focus on this objective.
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Armstrong, Debbie Maree. "The role of vocal communication in the biology of fledgling and juvenile kea (Nestor notabilis) in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1316.

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The kea is the only parrot species in the world to include the true alpine environment as part of their habitat. Survival in these harsh alpine conditions has been hypothesised to be the cause of the generalist behaviour of kea, leading to their heightened explorative behaviour and curiosity. Kea are also widely regarded as being extraordinarily intelligent. It is their intelligence that suggests that kea may possess a sophisticated communication system. I conducted a study exploring the potentially complex vocal repertoire of the kea. My study was conducted with wild population of banded juvenile and fledgling kea in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park between February 2003 and April 2004. I obtained 449 vocalisations from 16 identified and several unidentified kea. The results of this study confirmed that the vocal repertoire of the kea is exceptionally large for a parrot species, encompassing over 17 vocalisations. This study revealed five vocalisations previously undescribed in the kea repertoire and showed for the first time that vocal repertoire of immature kea may be different to the repertoire of adult kea. Two possible gender specific vocalisations were also revealed. The study of apparent vocal responses revealed that kea appear to be able to identify vocalisation types and respond accordingly using combinations of increasingly complex vocalisations. This is also the first study to take advantage of the similarity between human and parrot vocal systems for the kea, by utilizing powerful human speech analysis software. The results of this analysis allowed the identification of subtle differences in kea vocalisations, including the presence of graded signals, not identifiable by use of spectrogram analysis.
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McLaren, Stuart Joseph. "Noise in early childhood education centres: the effects on the children and their teachers : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/977.

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Although the effects of noise on children’s learning in school classrooms is well documented, there is very little on the effects of noise on preschool children. There are strict legal requirements for the daily noise exposure an adult worker can received in the workplace but nothing to control the noise children can receive in school and early education. There is also little or no data on how sound affects a child, compared to an adult. The early years of life are critical for the development of speech, hearing and auditory processes, as well as being the most vulnerable time for middle ear infections. This work sets out to determine the typical noise levels in early childhood centres and the effects on a range of children and their teachers. Reverberation times in most centres were found to well exceed the 0.6 seconds prescribed by the Australasian standard for schools and learning spaces. Very high levels of noise were recorded in a number of centres with a significant number of children and staff members, exceeding the maximum daily sound exposure of 100% permitted for workers in industry. A range of special needs children were identified as being particularly at-risk to noise, with the most adverse outcomes reported for those experiencing sensory integration disorder. Yet, even though high levels of noise were recorded, the majority of respondents in a survey of teachers rated the lack of sufficient space for the number of children present as the main issue, and inclement weather as the greatest environmental condition contributing to noise (by confining children indoors, especially over long periods of time). Hearing tests on the children were not permitted under the strict human ethics criteria to which this study had to conform, but simple hearing tests on a small group of teachers, revealed that hearing loss could be a serious occupational health issue. The legal issues of noise control and management in early childhood education have been addressed in this thesis, current legal frameworks reviewed, and recommendations presented for future consideration.
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Books on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Taylor, E. W. The assessment of the sound insulation requirements for a large broadcasting studio, using a scale model: Practical details. London: BBC, 1987.

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Taylor, E. W. The assessment of the sound insulation requirements for a large broadcasting studio, using a scale model: Theoretical considerations. London: BBC, 1987.

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Office, United States Government Accountability. Military training: Funding requests for joint urban operations training and facilities should be based on sound strategy and requirements : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005.

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Biba, Anna. Methods of preparing children to learn Russian at school. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/991911.

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The textbook is aimed at developing professional competencies in preparing preschool children to learn Russian at school.it reveals the current content of preparing preschoolers to learn reading and writing in primary school, contains a method for teaching them sound word analysis, reading syllables and words in accordance with a scientifically based sound analytical and synthetic method, a technique for teaching children to print letters and syllables, and describes opportunities for cognitive development of preschool children in the process of speech work. The methodological material is accompanied by examples from the speech of preschool children and their training practices. A test is offered for professional self-control over the assimilation of the corresponding methodology in General. The appendices contain methodological illustrative and reference material. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate students in the field of "Pedagogical education", it can also be used by undergraduates in the study of a course on the cognitive development of preschool children and in the process of professional development and retraining of employees of preschool educational institutions and primary school teachers.
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Kelsall, Tim. Outdoor sound level prediction for industry: A review of the validity of CSA Standard Z107.55 in view of current knowledge and requirements for its use. Toronto: Hatch Associates, 1986.

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Sirotkin, Sergey, Natal'ya Kel'chevskaya, and Vadim Krivorotov. Economic environment of industrial business. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1200561.

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The textbook reveals the concept of "economic environment of industrial business". The methodological bases of taking into account the factors of the economic environment of industrial business, which allow making economically sound management decisions at industrial business enterprises in unstable market conditions, as well as approaches to managing the economic environment that ensure the economic efficiency of an industrial business enterprise in the long term, are presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. The textbook is intended for master's degree students studying in the field of training 38.04.01 "Economics", for studying the academic discipline "Economic environment of industrial business", as well as for graduate students and teachers of economic universities (faculties), scientific and practical work, specialists in the economic field.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The radiated field generated by a monopole source in a short, rigid, rectangular duct: A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science of the George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Tregub, Ilona, and Tat'yana Goroshnikova. A simulation model of decision-making. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1030572.

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A tutorial on the basics of simulation modelling in problems of managerial decision-making, illustrated by numerous practical examples. Contains material contributing to the deepening of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the student in the application of computer simulation modeling of economic, social and technological systems for the formation, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Intended for graduate students in the study of disciplines "Mathematical and instrumental methods of decision support" (area of training 09.04.03 Applied Informatics, master's program "Applied information science in analytical Economics") and "simulation modeling of economic and information systems (advanced course)" (specialty 01.04.02 - "Applied mathematics and computer science", master program "Quantitative methods in Finance and Economics"). Will be useful to undergraduate students as well as middle managers and senior managers to understand the methods of computer modeling in support of decision making and developing them on the basis of sound management decisions.
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An Act to Reduce Administrative Requirements for Insured Depository Institutions to the Extent Consistent with Safe and Sound Banking Practices, to Facilitate the Establishment of Community Development Financial Institutions, and for Other Purposes. Washington, D.C.]: [U.S. Government Printing Office], 1994.

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SAVEL'EVA, Ekaterina, Anna Fedchenko, and Ol'ga Gegechkori. Fundamentals of labor organization in digital ecosystems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1063619.

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The textbook comprehensively presents the regularities of the formation of the theory and practice of labor organization in digital ecosystems. The key issues of digital labor organization are considered: development and implementation of project-network forms of division and cooperation of labor; design of optimal labor processes based on modern information and communication technologies; formation of rational labor mobility and labor flows; development and implementation of sound norms and rules in the field of digital labor; training of labor agents to work in the digital space; creation of balanced remuneration systems, recruitment and retention of labor agents, etc. Methodological principles of digital labor organization are highlighted, as well as approaches for studying and solving theoretical and practical issues of modern labor organization. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the areas of training 38.03.03 "Personnel Management", 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.01 "Economics", studying labor organization issues, as well as project managers, HR specialists, labor organization engineers, ergonomists, production coordinators in distributed communities, community development program coordinators, course students, graduate students, teachers.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Dal Palù, Doriana, Claudia De Giorgi, Beatrice Lerma, and Eleonora Buiatti. "What Sound Will My Product Make? Birth of a New Design Requirement." In Frontiers of Sound in Design, 9–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76870-0_2.

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Yamagishi, Kazuko, Koichi Ohtomi, Kenichi Seki, and Hidekazu Nishimura. "Design Information Management for Product Sound Quality: Requirement Definition." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 225–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45937-9_23.

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Seki, Kenichi, Kazuko Yamagishi, and Hidekazu Nishimura. "MDM-BASED REPRESENTATION OF REQUIREMENT/FUNCTION RELATION IN THE SOUND DESIGN FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS." In Gain competitive advantage by managing complexity, 53–64. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446434127.005.

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Xie, Bosun. "Acoustic conditions and requirements for the subjective assessment and monitoring of spatial sound." In Spatial Sound, 669–89. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081500-14.

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Hainry, Emmanuel, Bruce M. Kapron, Jean-Yves Marion, and Romain Péchoux. "Complete and tractable machine-independent characterizations of second-order polytime." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 368–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99253-8_19.

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AbstractThe class of Basic Feasible Functionals $$\mathtt{BFF}$$ BFF is the second-order counterpart of the class of first-order functions computable in polynomial time. We present several implicit characterizations of $$\mathtt{BFF}$$ BFF based on a typed programming language of terms. These terms may perform calls to imperative procedures, which are not recursive. The type discipline has two layers: the terms follow a standard simply-typed discipline and the procedures follow a standard tier-based type discipline. $$\mathtt{BFF}$$ BFF consists exactly of the second-order functionals that are computed by typable and terminating programs. The completeness of this characterization surprisingly still holds in the absence of lambda-abstraction. Moreover, the termination requirement can be specified as a completeness-preserving instance, which can be decided in time quadratic in the size of the program. As typing is decidable in polynomial time, we obtain the first tractable (i.e., decidable in polynomial time), sound, complete, and implicit characterization of $$\mathtt{BFF}$$ BFF , thus solving a problem opened for more than 20 years.
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Leimer, Hans-Peter. "Anforderungen an den Schallschutz / Requirements for sound protection." In Bauphysik / Building Physics, 123–31. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446445864.019.

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Franke, Jonas. "Requirements and Use Cases for Digital Sound Archives in Ethnomusicology." In Current Research in Systematic Musicology, 229–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02695-0_11.

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Shang, Renjie, Zhaoxin Hou, Zhenlong Mao, and Yundong Liang. "Study on Sound Insulation of Integrated Composite Wallboard Made of ALC and Rock Wool Panel." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 219–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_20.

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AbstractThe integrated composite wallboard is a new type of prefabricated building enclosure wallboard made of autoclaved aerated concrete (ALC) and rock wool panel, which can meet the thermal requirements of cold areas in China without additional insulation. The ALC of the integrated composite wallboard is divided into local four-sided supported plates by vertical and horizontal ribs, which makes the wallboard have a different sound insulation performance from the wallboard of single uniform material and the composite wallboard of double-layer lightweight plates. The authors investigate the sound insulation performance of the integrated composite wallboard and compare it with other lightweight wallboards. They have found an apparent coincidence frequency region of air-borne sound insulation, which coincides with the natural vibration frequency of the local four-sided supported panel of ALC. Such an anastomosis effect seriously affects the weighted sound reduction index Rw, which reduces the weighted sound reduction index by 6 ~ 8 dB. The sound insulation experiment of integrated composite wallboard of ALC and rock wool panel objectively reflects the adverse effects of the sandwiched wallboard structure and provides a reference for improving the sound insulation performance by structurally upgrading the integrated composite wallboard.
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Raghuvanshi, Nikunj, and Hannes Gamper. "Interactive and Immersive Auralization." In Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments, 77–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04021-4_3.

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AbstractReal-time auralization is essential in virtual reality (VR), gaming, and architecture to enable an immersive audio-visual experience. The audio rendering must be congruent with visual feedback and respond with minimal delay to interactive events and user motion. The wave nature of sound poses critical challenges for plausible and immersive rendering and leads to enormous computational costs. These costs have only increased as virtual scenes have progressed away from enclosures toward complex, city-scale scenes that mix indoor and outdoor areas. However, hard real-time constraints must be obeyed while supporting numerous dynamic sound sources, frequently within a tightly limited computational budget. In this chapter, we provide a general overview of VR auralization systems and approaches that allow them to meet such stringent requirements. We focus on the mathematical foundation, perceptual considerations, and application-specific design requirements of practical systems today, and the future challenges that remain.
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Bodden, Markus, and T. Belschner. "Legal requirements and design of exterior sounds for electric vehicles." In Proceedings, 969–80. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21194-3_73.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Nguyen, Cac, Robert L. Morrison, and Minh N. Do. "Reduction of Spatial Sampling Requirement in Sound-Based Synthesis." In 2007 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2007.4498022.

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Oliveira, Kênia Santos de, Vinícius Ferreira de Oliveira, and Stéphane Julia. "Using Linear Logic to Verify Requirement Scenarios in SOA Models based on Interorganizational WorkFlow Nets Relaxed Sound." In 19th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006290202540262.

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Melnikov, Anton, Marcus Maeder, Monika Gatt, Michael Scheffler, and Steffen Marburg. "Development of a novel sound pressure level requirement for characterizing noise disturbances from theater and opera stages." In 173rd Meeting of Acoustical Society of America and 8th Forum Acusticum. Acoustical Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000638.

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Hadjiconstantinou, Nicolas G. "Analytical Results for Sound Wave Propagation in Small-Scale Two-Dimensional Channels." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1030.

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When the characteristic scale of a channel decreases, wave propagation is increasingly dominated by viscous effects. This was first realized by Lamb who predicted that when the channel size is small compared to the diffusion length based on the oscillation frequency, the gas inertia becomes negligible (the fluid motion is effectively quasi-steady) and the flow is isothermal. This parameter regime is referred to as the narrow channel regime. We take advantage of this observation to derive analytical results for wave propagation in small scale channels for arbitrary Knudsen numbers, since due to their small transverse dimensions micro and nanochannels satisfy the narrow channel requirement except at very high frequencies. In the slip-flow regime in particular where the equations of motion can be integrated analytically, we show that thermal effects are always negligible and that the long wavelength approximation is always satisfied for narrow channels. We also discuss how this theory can be extended beyond the narrow channel approximation, that is, to include the effects of inertia and heat conduction to first order. Our results are verified by direct Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann equation.
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Young, Steven D., Timothy A. Brungart, and Michael L. Jonson. "Cold Spray Helium Recovery System Noise Study." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95767.

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Abstract Helium recovery systems require multiple compressors, fans, valves and other mechanical components which are likely to radiate considerable sound to the outdoor environment. To assure compliance with a local residential noise ordinance prior to installation, sound propagation effects were investigated at the future site of a helium recovery system in State College, PA. Sound pressure spectra from a baffled acoustic source were measured at distances of 1 meter to 50 meters away from the planned installation location, and the pressure spectra were found to collapse reasonably well with distance using simple spherical spreading principles. This scaling was then applied to sound pressure spectra acquired from a representative helium recovery system located at the manufacturer’s plant in Box Elder, South Dakota. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) from the dominant noise source on the representative system (i.e. the compressor exhaust) was measured at 1 meter and scaled to the residential property line located approximately 50 meters away from the future State College, PA site. The predicted OASPL for the new system at the residential property line was 61 dBA, which is 6 dBA above the local township noise ordinance requirement of 55 dBA. Noise control efforts are currently being considered and include the installation of an acoustic attenuator at the compressor exhaust location to reduce the overall noise level.
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Zuo, Guangxia, Bin He, Rusong Li, Fengmei Yu, and Wenyan Ma. "Simulation on the Decontamination Efficiency and Factor of Radioactive Waste Water Disposed by Supersonic Wave." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15670.

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We design the structural dimensions of the reactor for the supersonic-based disposing radioactive waste water in this paper. The disposing efficiencies have been simulated under several conditions, and obtained the total α radioactive concentration for the waste water as a function of disposing time, the impact of the supersonic frequency and the time-mean sound energy density on the disposing effectiveness, and the decontamination factor vs. disposing time. The results show that the total α radioactive concentration diminishes as the disposing time increases. The total α radioactive concentration will below the national emission standard, and the disposing time for reaching the emission standard diminishes as the supersonic frequency increases. When the supersonic frequencies are same, the total α radioactive concentration of the disposed radioactive waste water diminishes as the time-mean sound energy density increases under same disposing time, and the decontamination frequency increase as the time-mean sound energy density increases. The total α radioactive concentration of the disposed radioactive waste water diminishes as the time-mean sound energy density increases under other conditions being same. Under the same supersonic conditions, the supersonic decontamination factors for 10Bq/L and 20Bq/L radioactive waste water are same, namely the decontamination factors are independent of the initial radioactive concentration. Moreover, the supersonic decontamination factor for the suspended particles that obey the normal distribution with expectation value of 0.7μm and variance of 0.21 in the waste water is higher than that of the suspended particles that belong to the monodispersity particles. The designed supersonic reactor can satisfy the requirement of the disposing efficiency.
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Li, Ming, Huaidong Chen, Xuezhu Xiao, Tianming Lv, and Zhe Yu. "State of the Art NDT Mechanized Equipment Used in PWR Reactor Vessel Inspection." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30232.

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The equipment used to carry out Non Destructive Testing (NDT) examination have played a significant role, as they have rapidly evolved to fulfill the requirements of the industry as well as to adapt to new materials and manufacturing technologies. To a great extent, the development of the robotics in the last 30 years has made this evolution possible, contributing to optimize the critical component inspection time in terms of quality and productivity. The safety operation and significance of reactor vessel is obvious to the nuclear power station. The application of NDT mechanized equipment is a key factor to enhance the safety, reliability and availability of the reactor vessel for a cost and time effective operation. According to requirement from code and the authority concerning detailed ultrasonic inspection requirement, Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) need to performance full scope examination for different position during PSI and ISI period. At the same time, consider RPV component have high radiation, RPV inspection machined usually was in operation wholly submerged in primary water, the machine is composed of different function parts, mechanical and control system, ultrasonic data acquisition and evaluation system and television testing system. This paper introduces how to choose and define some basic ultrasonic parameters, for example: choose probe frequency, define probe angle and for different depth use different focus probe to cover full sound path between 6dB focus lengths. Finally, preset a simple brief about typical function of ultrasonic data acquisition system and evaluation system.
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Cao, Rui, and Pavel Naumov. "Budget-Constrained Dynamics in Multiagent Systems." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/127.

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The paper introduces a notion of a budget-constrained multiagent transition system that associates two financial parameters with each transition: a pre-transition minimal budget requirement and a post-transition profit. The paper also proposes a new modal language for reasoning about such a system. The language uses a modality labeled by agent as well as by budget and profit constraints. The main technical result is a sound and complete logical system that describes all universal properties of this modality. Among these properties is a form of Transitivity axiom that captures the interplay between the budget and profit constraints.
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Lee, Young-Jun, Sang-Kwon Lee, Tae-Jin Shin, Jin You, and Sang-Hyun Seo. "Identification of Pick Up Noise for Laser Printers Based on Psychoacoustic Parameters." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82265.

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This paper illustrates that a method for identification of pick up noise and an analysis the cause of pick up noise by substituting components of a laser printer. The operating sound radiated from a laser printer includes the tonal noise components caused by the rotating mechanical components such as gear, shaft, motor, fan, etc. A sound operated by laser printers has become important competitiveness in printer industries as the demand of laser printers increases. Especially, a noise between a friction pad and a paper in the process of printing has become an essential issue in an aspect of quality evaluation. However the existing criteria for determining the above noise have solely relied on human’s subjective judgments; which highlights the requirement to objectify these criteria. In this paper, the standard of existing pick up noise is established by finding the tonality, which is a psychoacoustic parameter, of noticeable limit sound level. Based on the findings of the method, the study has found factors which cause pick-up noise and suggests the substitution of following components of printers such as: spring constants, spring force, and the quality of friction pads. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed pick up noise index has usefulness to classify whether existence of pick up noise with an objective evaluation and not to occur the noise based on design optimized combination of laser printer components.
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Kaminski, Mark, Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Egor V. Kostylev, Boris Motik, and Ian Horrocks. "Foundations of Declarative Data Analysis Using Limit Datalog Programs." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/156.

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Motivated by applications in declarative data analysis, we study DatalogZ---an extension of positive Datalog with arithmetic functions over integers. This language is known to be undecidable, so we propose two fragments. In limit DatalogZ predicates are axiomatised to keep minimal/maximal numeric values, allowing us to show that fact entailment is coNExpTime-complete in combined, and coNP-complete in data complexity. Moreover, an additional stability requirement causes the complexity to drop to ExpTime and PTime, respectively. Finally, we show that stable DatalogZ can express many useful data analysis tasks, and so our results provide a sound foundation for the development of advanced information systems.
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Reports on the topic "Sound requirement"

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Hart, Carl R., D. Keith Wilson, Chris L. Pettit, and Edward T. Nykaza. Machine-Learning of Long-Range Sound Propagation Through Simulated Atmospheric Turbulence. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41182.

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Conventional numerical methods can capture the inherent variability of long-range outdoor sound propagation. However, computational memory and time requirements are high. In contrast, machine-learning models provide very fast predictions. This comes by learning from experimental observations or surrogate data. Yet, it is unknown what type of surrogate data is most suitable for machine-learning. This study used a Crank-Nicholson parabolic equation (CNPE) for generating the surrogate data. The CNPE input data were sampled by the Latin hypercube technique. Two separate datasets comprised 5000 samples of model input. The first dataset consisted of transmission loss (TL) fields for single realizations of turbulence. The second dataset consisted of average TL fields for 64 realizations of turbulence. Three machine-learning algorithms were applied to each dataset, namely, ensemble decision trees, neural networks, and cluster-weighted models. Observational data come from a long-range (out to 8 km) sound propagation experiment. In comparison to the experimental observations, regression predictions have 5–7 dB in median absolute error. Surrogate data quality depends on an accurate characterization of refractive and scattering conditions. Predictions obtained through a single realization of turbulence agree better with the experimental observations.
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Cost Estimation in Sovereign Operations: Technical Guidance Note. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220067-2.

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This technical guidance note describes the Asian Development Bank’s requirements for preparing, updating, and presenting cost estimates, which are critical for the due diligence process of assessing and monitoring the expenditures incurred, and the financing needed to meet project development objectives. Robust cost estimates provide an objective basis for reaching sound investment decisions and help ensure that ADB interventions are cost effective and contribute efficiently to its broad development objectives as well as those of its developing member countries.
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