Journal articles on the topic 'Sound, light and Heat'
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Ladbury, Ray. "Sound from Sunspots Generates Heat As Well As Light." Physics Today 49, no. 4 (April 1996): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807577.
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Oehler, Oscar. "Sound, heat and light: photoacoustic and photothermal detection of gases." Sensor Review 15, no. 3 (September 1995): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289510795923.
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Choi, Hyeung Sik, Hee Young Shin, Ji Youn Oh, Tae Woo Lim, and Yun Hae Kim. "Temperature Regulation for LED Lamps Using Fans." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1931.
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A temperature regulation control for LED(Light Emitting Diode) lamp using a cooling fan was studied. An efficient temperature regulation scheme using fan wind at the lowest sound noise was studied. For the study, after measurement of the minimum sound noise of the fan and related temperature of the LED lamp through tests, experiments on temperature control of the LED lamp using the fan with various size of heat sinks was performed. Also, characteristics and relationship of heat sinks and fans are studied through experiments. To reduce the fan sound noise, a method of reducing the operation time with optimal size of the heat sink was studied.
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Thomas, R. L., and L. D. Favro. "From Photoacoustic Microscopy to Thermal-Wave Imaging." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 10 (October 1996): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003164x.
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Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a technique in which the absorption of periodically intensity-modulated light is detected by the sound that it produces at the (acoustic) modulation frequency in a closed volume of gas or liquid in thermal contact with the material absorbing the light. The spectroscopic aspect of the technique relies on the ability to scan the wavelength of the light that stimulates the sound. Thus one can determine the absorption as a function of wavelength through the conversion of absorbed energy to heat and thence to sound. The acoustic detection is carried out synchronously with respect to the imposed intensity-modulation frequency on the light, making it possible to use narrow-band noise reduction. The existence of this technique for detecting sound generated by the absorption of light led Wong and co-workers to investigate the possibility of using the same techniques for microscopy.
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Jones, Christopher D., and Jonathan W. Steed. "Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 23 (2016): 6546–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00435k.
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Strang, David. "Sensitive Chaos." Leonardo 48, no. 3 (June 2015): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01012.
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This paper describes the life (and death) of the interface in the installation Tiny Moments by David Strang. Tiny Moments is a sound and light interactive installation that explores natural phenomena surrounding heat, ice and presence/ proximity. This installation explores the process of natural materials in computer interaction in a way beyond simple hardware devices available to users. What is created is a space filled with ever changing rhythms of light and sound in complete synchronicity that no user feels to have any control of.
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Dannecker, E., B. McLay, and R. Fillingim. "Effects of induced muscle pain on responses to light, sound, heat, and exercise." Journal of Pain 12, no. 4 (April 2011): P7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.02.028.
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Golubkov, A. V., L. S. Parfen’eva, I. A. Smirnov, D. Wlosewicz, H. Misiorek, J. Mucha, A. Jezowski, A. I. Krivchikov, G. A. Zvyagina, and I. B. Bilich. "Heat capacity and velocity of sound in the YbMgCu4 “light” heavy-fermion system." Physics of the Solid State 49, no. 11 (November 2007): 2042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783407110042.
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Gosselin, M., L. Legendre, S. Demers, and R. G. Ingram. "Responses of Sea-Ice Microalgae to Climatic and Fortnightly Tidal Energy Inputs (Manitounuk Sound, Hudson Bay)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-125.
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Variations of sea-ice microalgae at the ice–water interface (Manitounuk Sound, Hudson Bay, Canada) were studied in relation to various energy inputs (light, tidal mixing, and heat) in April and May 1982. Seasonal photosynthetic activity does not start before the light intensity reaches 7.6 μEinst∙m−2∙s−1. Above this value, the seasonal increase in cell numbers and chlorophyll and in the photoadaptation index (Ik) is related to the increase in underice light intensity. The sea-ice community changes from shade to light adaptation to optimize the use of ambient light energy. Photosynthetic efficiency (αB) is mainly controlled by the fortnightly tidal vertical mixing, which governs the amount of phosphate (or of another nutrient factor) in the upper brackish layer. The ice microflora, which grows at a stable interface, takes advantage of nutrient replenishment during mixed water column conditions. We conclude that production of microalgae depends upon three forms of energy: (1) the flux of solar light, (2) the inputs of auxiliary mechanical energy (here, the fortnightly tides), and (3) the energy exchanges (here, the heat flux) responsible for the maintenance or destruction of energetic interfaces (ergoclines).
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Adlington, Robert. "Moving Beyond Motion: Metaphors for Changing Sound." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 128, no. 2 (2003): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/128.2.297.
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This article argues that music offers experiences of change that are at odds with our common understanding of time. Specifically, I question the widespread belief that onward motion is a condition of musical temporality. I approach this issue through metaphor theory, which tends to argue for the necessity of metaphorical experiences of time and music in terms of motion. I argue that music's changing sound evokes a variety of bodily metaphors; motion is not ever-present, but intermingles with metaphors of heat, light, weight, tension and so on. Works by Ligeti, Carter, Kurtág and Saariaho are discussed as case studies.
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Vasileiadis, Thomas, Juan Sebastian Reparaz, and Bartlomiej Graczykowski. "Phonon transport in the gigahertz to terahertz range: Confinement, topology, and second sound." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 18 (May 14, 2022): 180901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0073508.
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Transport of heat and hypersound with gigahertz (GHz) to terahertz (THz) phonons is crucial for heat management in electronics, mediating signal processing with microwave radiation, thermoelectrics, and various types of sensors based on nanomechanical resonators. Efficient control of heat and sound transport requires new materials, novel experimental techniques, and a detailed knowledge of the interaction of phonons with other elementary excitations. Wave-like heat transport, also known as second sound, has recently attracted renewed attention since it provides several opportunities for overcoming some of the limitations imposed by diffusive transport (Fourier’s regime). The frequency-domain detection of GHz-to-THz phonons can be carried out in a remote, non-destructive, and all-optical manner. The ongoing development of nanodevices and metamaterials made of low-dimensional nanostructures will require spatially resolved, time-resolved, and anisotropic measurements of phonon-related properties. These tasks can be accomplished with Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and various newly developed variants of this method, such as pumped-BLS. In the near future, pumped-BLS is expected to become useful for characterizing GHz topological nanophononics. Finally, second-sound phenomena can be observed with all-optical methods like frequency-domain thermoreflectance.
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Kalimullina N.V, Babajanova Z., and Atamurotov O.E. "Relatively light walling in single-storey residential buildings in rural areas." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i6.416.
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The scientific article provides some considerations for the use of relatively new heat and sound insulation materials. As fencing, load-bearing, self-supporting structures, as well as for the walls of external auxiliary premises, the replacement of masonry with other alternatives is proposed. The authors offer ideas on the use of some lightweight concrete, such as foam concrete, the production of which at present can reduce the cost of building exemplary residential buildings.
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Rossi, Carole, and Ruiqi Shen. "Miniaturized Pyrotechnic Systems Meet the Performance Needs While Limiting the Environmental Impact." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030376.
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Pyrotechnic systems, also termed pyrotechnics, refer to a broad family of sophisticated single-use devices that are able to produce heat, light, smoke, sound, motion, and/or a combination of these thanks to the reaction of an energetic material (primary and secondary explosives, powders/propellants, and other pyrotechnic substances) [...]
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Vītola, Paula. "Redzamās skaņas – mākslinieciski pētījumi fotoakustikā." Scriptus Manet: humanitāro un mākslas zinātņu žurnāls = Scriptus Manet: Journal of Humanities and Arts, no. 14 (December 19, 2022): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sm.2022.14.041.
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Since 2015, the author of the article has been researching the photoacoustic effect in her artistic work, experimenting, and developing various prototypes and artworks that allow visitors to experience the effect and understand some of its principles. The photoacoustic effect is a process where sound is generated, recorded, or transmitted using photosensitive material. The article describes the author’s creative process, methods, and practical research and draws conclusions about the role of the artistic experience in producing knowledge and informing audiences about the working principles of immaterial energies and invisible processes. The research was inspired by the discovery of the photoacoustic effect by Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922). In 1880, he invented the photophone, also known as the sun telephone. The invention was met with public criticism, but the nature of the phenomenon inspired Bell, so he continued his research, believing in its potential and possible artistic use. The first experiments by the author on recording sound using light were done using simple and available materials and technology. A simple microphone was built with a mirror and a solar cell to record sounds with the sunlight. The mirror picks up voice and environmental sounds, and the reflected light is modulated accordingly. The research continued with building an interface that enables us to record voice and other sounds on paper visually. The next steps in the practical research concentrated on finding objects or phenomena that can be heard directly rather than using a mirror to pick up environmental sounds. The author discovered that it’s possible to hear the sound of insects moving their wings if their shadow is cast over the solar panel. This discovery was the basis for further research into finding methods of generating and amplifying sounds visually using vibrating strings, various rotating mechanisms, and flickering lights. The author developed instruments, created artworks, and did demonstrations, workshops, and performances that allowed visitors to participate in the process. Instruments were easy to use and allowed participants to understand their working principles in a way that allowed them to experiment and discover new sounds. The instruments and experiments demonstrate peculiarities of our perception – the flickering lights and the shadows of moving objects create the stroboscopic effect. The stroboscopic effect creates the illusion of the light being continuously on by visually slowing down the motion of the objects by dividing them into separate ‘frames’. The photoacoustic effect allows us to hear the connection between the flickering light and the slowed motion. Media art researchers such as Armin Medosch (1962–2017) and Douglas Kahn (b. 1951) and others have analysed artworks that use electricity, electromagnetic waves, and other forms of energy that allow visitors to experience their presence and working principles. Khan refers to this type of artwork as ‘experiential physics’, believing that institutionalised science operates in ways that are too disconnected from people’s everyday experiences and realities. Philosophers Kšištof Pomian (b. 1934) and Edward Pols (1919–2005) emphasise the role of experience and perception in gaining knowledge. Public workshops, performances, and demonstrations of the instruments and prototypes allow participants to experience the working principles of various immaterial phenomena (light, sound, electricity) and gain knowledge without using abstract models and theoretical explanations.
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FOSTER, CHARLES, JONATHAN HERRING, KAREN MELHAM, and TONY HOPE. "The Double Effect Effect." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, no. 1 (January 2011): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000629.
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The “doctrine of double effect” has a pleasing ring to it. It is regarded by some as the cornerstone of any sound approach to end-of-life issues and by others as religious mumbo jumbo. Discussions about “the doctrine” often generate more heat than light. They are often conducted at cross-purposes and laced with footnotes from Leviticus.
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Öhrström, Evy, Martin Björkman, and Ragnar Rylander. "Noise annoyance with regard to neurophysiological sensitivity, subjective noise sensitivity and personality variables." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 3 (August 1988): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170000828x.
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SynopsisTo evaluate the relation between annoyance to environmental noise, general neurophysiological sensitivity, subjective noise sensitivity and other individual characteristics, experiments were undertaken in which 93 subjects assessed their subjective annoyance after exposure to noise under laboratory conditions. Evaluations were made of the discomfort threshold for pulsating sound, the light discomfort, and heat and cold discomfort. The heart rate and discomfort after exposure to a series of impulse noises was also determined. Subjective noise sensitivity, attitudes to noise, mood and personality characteristics of the subjects were evaluated using questionnaires.The results show that the annoyance after exposure to noise was not closely related to the general neurophysiological sensitivity, measured as discomfort threshold for noise, heat, cold and light; or to the heart rate reaction or discomfort after exposure to impulse noise. The annoyance was highly correlated with subjectively reported noise sensitivity and with the attitude to noise. There was also a relationship with neuroticism, measured with the EPI scale.It is suggested that the subjective noise sensitivity, attitude and neuroticism for the definition of noise sensitivity be defined in future studies of long term effects of noise exposure.
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Kitazaki, Michiteru. "Human temporal coordination of visual and auditory events in virtual reality." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646532.
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Since the speed of sound is much slower than light, we sometimes hear a sound later than an accompanying light event (e.g., thunder and lightning at a far distance). However, Sugita and Suzuki (2003) reported that our brain coordinates a sound and its accompanying light to be perceived simultaneously within 20 m distance. Thus, the light accompanied with physically delayed sound is perceived simultaneously with the sound in near field. We aimed to test if this sound–light coordination occurs in a virtual-reality environment and investigate effects of binocular disparity and motion parallax. Six naive participants observed visual stimuli on a 120-inch screen in a darkroom and heard auditory stimuli from a headphone. A ball was presented in a textured corridor and its distance from the participant was varied from 3–20 m. The ball changed to be in red before or after a short (10 ms) white noise (time difference: −120, −60, −30, 0, +30, +60, +120 ms), and participants judged temporal order of the color-change and the sound. We varied visual depth cues (binocular disparity and motion parallax) in the virtual-reality environment, and measured the physical delay at which visual and auditory events were perceived simultaneously. In terms of the results, we did not find sound–light coordination without binocular disparity or motion parallax, but found it with both cues. These results suggest that binocular disparity and motion parallax are effective for sound–light coordination in virtual-reality environment, and richness of depth cues are important for the coordination.
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Chen, Jin Jing, and Zheng Guo. "The Acoustic Insulation Property of a New Non-Woven Material." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.471.
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The acoustic insulation and hydrophobic properties of a new non-woven material were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The new non-woven material absorbs sound energy to transfer into heat energy by friction between viscosity of air near fiber and fiber. The acoustic insulation properties of the new non-woven material, polyurethane foam and felt were measured. With the same thickness and half weight of felt, the sound absorption coefficient of non-woven was 20~30% higher than felt. Further more, with the same weight of felt, the sound absorption coefficient of non-woven was50~60% higher than felt. However, the sound absorption coefficients of non-woven materials with different thickness and weight were also discussed. The amount of the sound absorption coefficient gradient increased with the increase of thickness and frequency. Comparing the existing sound absorption materials, the new non-woven material has high sound absorption, light weight, hydrophobic property, workability, and flame resistance property. The non-woven material can improved thermal insulation and sound absorption by combining conventional non-woven with aluminum evaporated film.So the new nonwoven material has been widely applied in industries to reduce noises, especially in the car.
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KOTOV, M., О. KONOPLIANYK, V. VOLCHUK, and I. ILIEV. "LIGHT CONCRETE BASED ON PRODUCTION WASTE POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 1 (013) (April 14, 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.280223.44.917.
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Problem statement. These days, the use of secondary waste generated as a result of human activity is a relevant issue in the construction industry. One of the directions of realization of this task is the production of light structural and heat-insulating concrete by using light aggregates − industrial waste. The analysis of the current state of light concrete development and research showed that on the basis of production waste, structurally heat-insulating products made of light concrete can be obtained, which, unlike products made of heavy concrete, will significantly reduce the load on building structures and increase their heat-insulating and sound-insulating ability. In addition, the use of industrial waste as filler will lead to a decrease in the cost of construction products. The analysis of the publications showed that light structural and heat-insulating concrete can be obtained on light aggregates, such as granulated slag, cullet, waste from the processing of rubber tires, etc. It is known to use granulated slag with a bulk weight of 880 kg/m3 to obtain light structural and heat-insulating concrete with a bulk weight of 1 720−1 780 kg/m3 and a compressive strength limit of 7,3−8,2 MPa [1]. However, nowadays, in connection with the reduction of metallurgical production, the volume of such slags production has significantly decreased. In literary sources there is information about the use of cullet with a volume weight of 700 kg/m3 for the production of light concrete [2]. However, the widespread use of cullet is restrained due to the economic component, namely, that secondary processing of cullet is more effective for the manufacture of new glass-based products. It is known to use rubber crumb with a bulk weight of 300 kg/m3 with a fraction of 1−6 mm, which is formed as a result of processing rubber automobile tires, in construction [3]. The introduction of rubber crumb into the composition of the concrete mixture leads to a decrease in the mass of structures and an improvement of its deformable, heat-insulating and sound-insulating characteristics. Analysis of the production technology of polypropylene containers [4] showed that during the production of such containers aggregate and fiber are formed. The aggregate is blue or transparent granules, most of which are triangular and rectangular in shape. The water absorption of polypropylene aggregate is 8,6 %, and its density is 1,06 g/cm3. The specified information source provides data on the use of polypropylene fiber only, and there is no information on the use of aggregate. The purpose of the article was to determine the possibilities of using light aggregate − a production waste polypropylene containers, to obtain compositions of light constructive and heat-insulating concrete. At the same time, the goal of researching the strength characteristics of these concretes depending on the amount of aggregate in the mixture was also set. Conclusions. The possibility of using light structural and heat-insulating concrete in warehouses as a filler for polypropylene container production waste is considered. Studies of the compressive strength and volumetric weight of concrete showed the possibility of obtaining light concrete with a volumetric weight of 1,395 to 1,805 kg/m3 when achieving a concrete grade of compressive strength of M25 to M250. In our opinion, the use of light concrete with a volume weight of 1 625 to 1 805 kg/m3 and a compressive strength grade equal to M100−M250 will be the most acceptable for the construction of buildings and structures in terms of structural and thermal insulation characteristics. In the future, it is necessary to conduct tests of these concretes deformable characteristics with the establishment of their elastic characteristics and concrete classes in terms of strength.
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Rastogi, Rohit, Sheelu Sagar, Neeti Tandon, Priyanshi Garg, and Mukund Rastogi. "Treatment Case Studies and Emissions Analysis of Wood in Yagya." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2021070103.
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The mantra becomes more powerful when that sound is chanted in front of purified fire and light; sound and heat energy mixtures are converted into high level of energy and spread around the atmosphere. Through this paper, the well experienced author team of various domains is continuously working in experimenting in joint collaboration with different GoI departments. They have observed the slow but continuous progress in different ails on many subjects through scientific study and approach. The main case studies where the patients got significant benefits through this alternate therapy have been systematically presented here. The power of yajna and mantra has attracted the intellectuals of this era. In the future, we may expect some automated intelligent healthcare expert system using this way of life. Yagya science and its treatment power of different diseases is surprising; the need is that current science should accept it logically with an open mind and heart and let the humanity take the complete benefit of it.
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Wang, Bo. "Comprehensive Evaluation Method Study of Urban Pavement Ecological Physical Environment (UPEPE)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 2304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.2304.
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The premise that analyzing and studying the factors that affect urban pavement ecological physical environment (UPEPE), UPEPE impact factors are the thermal environment, sound environment, light environment, eco-energy saving design. This paper establishes the evaluation method for UPEPE which is based on fuzzy math. We evaluate the quality of UPEPE comprehensively in this way. Heat, light, sound and other ecological and physical environment effects are very important for creating good quality physical environment in urban pavement. In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UPEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UPEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately. The construction of model is simple and practical. Comprehensive evaluation utilizes the combination of the general public survey and expert evaluation, which benefits to reflect the democratic spirit. It also provides the reference to improve the UPEPE.
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Subbulakshmi, S. "Technical Terms and Thirugnana Sambandhar." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3338.
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The Technical Terms are the specific Terms that are used in each particular subject. For example, Light, Heat, Sound, Thermal, Electrical, Magnetic are some for Physics and Acid, Base, Salt, Metal, Ore are some for Chemistry. Like this, the specific terms used only in Music and Dance are abundantly seen in Sambandhar Thevaaram, which belongs to the 7th Century. These Technical Music Terms are high-lighted in this article.
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Choi, Hyun Jung, Kyoung Woo Kim, Jun Oh Yeon, Kwan Seop Yang, and Kyung Ho Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Dry Double Floor-System Using Recycled Materials." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.246.
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Typical wet floor systems applied in most Korean housing units require refurbishing as they have a shorter lifespan than buildings. Construction waste, yielded by such refurbishing, can cause social problems such as environmental issues. In order to reduce such problems, a dry double floor system had been developed with the use of recycled materials. In this study, we evaluated performances of a developed double floor system, such as impact sound and radiant heat. As a result, floor impact sound was around 40 dB for light-weight types and around 48 dB for heavy-weight types, respectively. Moreover, radiant heat generated from the double floor system increased by approximately 28% compared with one of the existing Korean wet-floor heater type systems. Eventually, other evaluations were performed for items including environmental harm as required by the Korean building code, and the results showed that the developed dry floor system met all applicable Korean standards.
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Li, Xin E. "Application Prospect of Basalt Fabrics Wall Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3974.
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Functions of the wall and some of wall materials are introduced. Basalt filaments possess excellent properties with high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, small hygroscopicity, small thermal conductivity and high sound absorption coefficient. High performance basalt fabrics can be gelatinized into compound cementitious materials with cement or gypsum. The performance of basalt compound boards mainly rely on the performance of basalt filaments. So basalt compound boards possess excellent characteristics with light-weight, high strength, fire prevention, sound insulation and heat preservation. It is green initiative and easy construction as new wall materials. Basalt compound cementitious materials possess good application prospect in the wall materials along with the development of production technology.
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Fan, Ya Bin, and Hua Liu. "Study on Application Model of Internet of Things for Green Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.187.
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Internet of things is defined as a huge network combing with the Internet through using all kinds of information sensing equipments to collect all kinds of required information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, and position. Analyzed from the structure of networking and the superior controllable performances of Internet of things, Internet of things will be crucial in future computer application system. In this paper, therefore, the key technology of internet of things and its application model are explored.
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Amit, Guy, Khuloud Shukha, Noam Gavriely, and Nathan Intrator. "Respiratory modulation of heart sound morphology." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 3 (March 2009): H796—H805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00806.2008.
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Heart sounds, the acoustic vibrations produced by the mechanical processes of the cardiac cycle, are modulated by respiratory activity. We have used computational techniques of cluster analysis and classification to study the effects of the respiratory phase and the respiratory resistive load on the temporal and morphological properties of the first (S1) and second heart sounds (S2), acquired from 12 healthy volunteers. Heart sounds exhibited strong morphological variability during normal respiration and nearly no variability during apnea. The variability was shown to be periodic, with its estimated period in good agreement with the measured duration of the respiratory cycle. Significant differences were observed between properties of S1 and S2 occurring during inspiration and expiration. S1 was commonly attenuated and slightly delayed during inspiration, whereas S2 was accentuated and its aortic component occurred earlier at late inspiration and early expiration. Typical split morphology was observed for S1 and S2 during inspiration. At high-breathing load, these changes became more prominent and occurred earlier in the respiratory cycle. Unsupervised cluster analysis was able to automatically identify the distinct morphologies associated with different respiratory phases and load. Classification of the respiration phase (inspiration or expiration) from the morphology of S1 achieved an average accuracy of 87 ± 7%, and classification of the breathing load was accurate in 82 ± 7%. These results suggest that quantitative heart sound analysis can shed light on the relation between respiration and cardiovascular mechanics and may be applied to continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring.
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Krüger, Hannah M., Thérèse Collins, Bernhard Englitz, and Patrick Cavanagh. "Saccades create similar mislocalizations in visual and auditory space." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 2237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00853.2014.
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Orienting our eyes to a light, a sound, or a touch occurs effortlessly, despite the fact that sound and touch have to be converted from head- and body-based coordinates to eye-based coordinates to do so. We asked whether the oculomotor representation is also used for localization of sounds even when there is no saccade to the sound source. To address this, we examined whether saccades introduced similar errors of localization judgments for both visual and auditory stimuli. Sixteen subjects indicated the direction of a visual or auditory apparent motion seen or heard between two targets presented either during fixation or straddling a saccade. Compared with the fixation baseline, saccades introduced errors in direction judgments for both visual and auditory stimuli: in both cases, apparent motion judgments were biased in direction of the saccade. These saccade-induced effects across modalities give rise to the possibility of shared, cross-modal location coding for perception and action.
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Nishida, Shinichi, Hiroto Tanaka, M. Adachi, and M. Motomura. "Producing Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panel by Melt Drag Process." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.367.
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Aluminum foam is porous material and it is superior property which is light weight , absorption sound, heat insulation and energy absorption than other materials. In present the panel of aluminum foam sandwich panel to use as structural materials is adhered with adhesive or wax for adhesion. The aim of this study is to clarify producing conditions to make sandwich panel by melt drag process. Melt drag process is single roll strip casting process. Producing aluminum alloy strip and adhering foam are at a time.
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Morris, Robert. "Aspects of Performance Practice in Morton Feldman's Last Pieces." MusMat: Brazilian Journal of Music and Mathematics IV, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46926/musmat.2020v4n2.28-40.
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Morton Feldman’s Last Pieces for piano solo of 1959 poses an interesting interpretive problem for the performer. As in many Feldman compositions of the 1950s and 60s, the first movement of the work is notated as a series of "sound events" to be played by the performer choosing the durations for each event. The only tempo indications are "Slow. Soft. Durations are free." This situation is complicated by Feldman’s remark about a similar work from 1960, "[I chose] intervals that seemed to erase or cancel out each sound as soon as we hear the next." I interpret this intension to keep the piece fresh and appealing from sound to sound. So, how the pianist supposed to play Last Pieces in order to supplement the composers desire for a sound to "cancel out" preceding sounds? To answer this question, I propose a way of assessing the salience of each sound event in the first movement of Last Pieces, using various means of associating each of its 43 sound events according chord spacing, register, center pitch and bandwidth, pitch intervals, pitch-classes, set-class, and figured bass. From this data, one has an idea about how to perform the work to minimize similarity relations between adjacent pairs of sound events so that they can have the cancelling effect the composer desired. As a secondary result of this analysis, many cohesive compositional relations come to light even if the work was composed "intuitively".
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Steffen, Konrad. "Ice Conditions of an Arctic Polynya: North Water in Winter." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000012089.
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AbstractThe surface condition of the North Water was investigated during two winters (i.e. the three polynyas: Smith Sound polynya, Lady Ann Strait polynya, and Barrow Strait polynya). Since no detailed information was available on ice conditions and the extent of open water during winter, radiometric temperature measurements of the sea surface had to be taken along a flight line of 2650 km from an altitude of 300 m. From November to March 1978-79 and 1980-81, 14 remote-sensing flights were carried out. On the basis of the radiometric measurements, the following ice types were identified: ice-free, dark nilas, light nilas, grey ice, grey-white ice, and white ice. A comparison between the thermal and the visual ice classification (the latter being based on grey tones of the aerial images) showed a deviation of 3%. The analysis showed that in November, December, and January more than 50% of the Smith Sound polynya was covered by young ice, nilas, and ice-free, whereas in February and March white ice was dominant. Moreover, it was found that the two polynyas in Smith Sound and Lady Ann Strait were much smaller than previously believed. In Barrow Strait, a semi-permanent polynya was observed in the winter of 1980-81. The occurrence of polynyas in Barrow Strait seems to be connected with the location of the fast-ice edge. On the basis of the calculated ice-type distribution and heat-flux rates for different ice types, an energy loss of 178 W m-2was found on the surface of the Smith Sound polynya due to open water and thin ice for the winter months November to March. Compared with other ice-covered sea surfaces in the Arctic, the heat release by the sea-water in the Smith Sound polynya is about 100 W m-2larger.
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Steffen, Konrad. "Ice Conditions of an Arctic Polynya: North Water in Winter." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 112 (1986): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000012089.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe surface condition of the North Water was investigated during two winters (i.e. the three polynyas: Smith Sound polynya, Lady Ann Strait polynya, and Barrow Strait polynya). Since no detailed information was available on ice conditions and the extent of open water during winter, radiometric temperature measurements of the sea surface had to be taken along a flight line of 2650 km from an altitude of 300 m. From November to March 1978-79 and 1980-81, 14 remote-sensing flights were carried out. On the basis of the radiometric measurements, the following ice types were identified: ice-free, dark nilas, light nilas, grey ice, grey-white ice, and white ice. A comparison between the thermal and the visual ice classification (the latter being based on grey tones of the aerial images) showed a deviation of 3%. The analysis showed that in November, December, and January more than 50% of the Smith Sound polynya was covered by young ice, nilas, and ice-free, whereas in February and March white ice was dominant. Moreover, it was found that the two polynyas in Smith Sound and Lady Ann Strait were much smaller than previously believed. In Barrow Strait, a semi-permanent polynya was observed in the winter of 1980-81. The occurrence of polynyas in Barrow Strait seems to be connected with the location of the fast-ice edge. On the basis of the calculated ice-type distribution and heat-flux rates for different ice types, an energy loss of 178 W m-2 was found on the surface of the Smith Sound polynya due to open water and thin ice for the winter months November to March. Compared with other ice-covered sea surfaces in the Arctic, the heat release by the sea-water in the Smith Sound polynya is about 100 W m-2 larger.
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Wang, Bo, Pengcheng Shi, Yuhua Yang, Jiangong Cui, Guojun Zhang, Renxin Wang, Wendong Zhang, Changde He, Yirui Li, and Shuotong Wang. "Design and Fabrication of an Integrated Hollow Concave Cilium MEMS Cardiac Sound Sensor." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122174.
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In light of a need for low-frequency, high sensitivity and broadband cardiac murmur signal detection, the present work puts forward an integrated MEMS-based heart sound sensor with a hollow concave ciliary micro-structure. The advantages of a hollow MEMS structure, in contrast to planar ciliated micro-structures, are that it reduces the ciliated mass and enhances the operating bandwidth. Meanwhile, the area of acoustic-wave reception is enlarged by the concave architecture, thereby enhancing the sensitivity at low frequencies. By rationally designing the acoustic encapsulation, the loss of heart acoustic distortion and weak cardiac murmurs is reduced. As demonstrated by experimentation, the proposed hollow MEMS structure cardiac sound sensor has a sensitivity of up to −206.9 dB at 200 Hz, showing 6.5 dB and 170 Hz increases in the sensitivity and operating bandwidth, respectively, in contrast to the planar ciliated MEMS sensor. The SNR of the sensor is 26.471 dB, showing good detectability for cardiac sounds.
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Amichai, Eran, and Yossi Yovel. "Echolocating bats rely on an innate speed-of-sound reference." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (May 3, 2021): e2024352118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024352118.
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Animals must encode fundamental physical relationships in their brains. A heron plunging its head underwater to skewer a fish must correct for light refraction, an archerfish shooting down an insect must “consider” gravity, and an echolocating bat that is attacking prey must account for the speed of sound in order to assess its distance. Do animals learn these relations or are they encoded innately and can they adjust them as adults are all open questions. We addressed this question by shifting the speed of sound and assessing the sensory behavior of a bat species that naturally experiences different speeds of sound. We found that both newborn pups and adults are unable to adjust to this shift, suggesting that the speed of sound is innately encoded in the bat brain. Moreover, our results suggest that bats encode the world in terms of time and do not translate time into distance. Our results shed light on the evolution of innate and flexible sensory perception.
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Yang, Yanye, Juan Tu, Dongxin Yang, Jason L. Raymond, Ronald A. Roy, and Dong Zhang. "Photo- and Sono-Dynamic Therapy: A Review of Mechanisms and Considerations for Pharmacological Agents Used in Therapy Incorporating Light and Sound." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190123114107.
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As irreplaceable energy sources of minimally invasive treatment, light and sound have, separately, laid solid foundations in their clinic applications. Constrained by the relatively shallow penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) typically involves involves superficial targets such as shallow seated skin conditions, head and neck cancers, eye disorders, early-stage cancer of esophagus, etc. For ultrasound-driven sonodynamic therapy (SDT), however, to various organs is facilitated by the superior... transmission and focusing ability of ultrasound in biological tissues, enabling multiple therapeutic applications including treating glioma, breast cancer, hematologic tumor and opening blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Considering the emergence of theranostics and precision therapy, these two classic energy sources and corresponding sensitizers are worth reevaluating. In this review, three typical therapies using light and sound as a trigger, PDT, SDT, and combined PDT and SDT are introduced. The therapeutic dynamics and current designs of pharmacological sensitizers involved in these therapies are presented. By introducing both the history of the field and the most up-to-date design strategies, this review provides a systemic summary on the development of PDT and SDT and fosters inspiration for researchers working on ‘multi-modal’ therapies involving light and sound.
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Bohnen, N., A. Twijnstra, J. Kroeze, and J. Jolles. "A Psychophysical Method for Assessing Visual and Acoustic Hyperesthesia in Patients with Mild Head Injury." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 6 (December 1991): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.860.
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Although it is well known that patients with mild head injury (MHI) are less able to endure intense light and sound stimuli than normal people, there are few psychophysical studies that have objectively measured this type of hyperaesthesia. In the present study, using a computerised rating scale technique, both the maximal and submaximal levels of reduced tolerance to light and sound were assessed for a wide range of stimuli. Three to six days after the trauma, 40 MHI patients were significantly less tolerant to stimuli of intensities over 71 dB and 500 lux levels than controls. These intensities are common, and MHI patients may suffer as a consequence.
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Genzel, Daria, Uwe Firzlaff, Lutz Wiegrebe, and Paul R. MacNeilage. "Dependence of auditory spatial updating on vestibular, proprioceptive, and efference copy signals." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00052.2016.
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Humans localize sounds by comparing inputs across the two ears, resulting in a head-centered representation of sound-source position. When the head moves, information about head movement must be combined with the head-centered estimate to correctly update the world-centered sound-source position. Spatial updating has been extensively studied in the visual system, but less is known about how head movement signals interact with binaural information during auditory spatial updating. In the current experiments, listeners compared the world-centered azimuthal position of two sound sources presented before and after a head rotation that depended on condition. In the active condition, subjects rotated their head by ∼35° to the left or right, following a pretrained trajectory. In the passive condition, subjects were rotated along the same trajectory in a rotating chair. In the cancellation condition, subjects rotated their head as in the active condition, but the chair was counter-rotated on the basis of head-tracking data such that the head effectively remained fixed in space while the body rotated beneath it. Subjects updated most accurately in the passive condition but erred in the active and cancellation conditions. Performance is interpreted as reflecting the accuracy of perceived head rotation across conditions, which is modeled as a linear combination of proprioceptive/efference copy signals and vestibular signals. Resulting weights suggest that auditory updating is dominated by vestibular signals but with significant contributions from proprioception/efference copy. Overall, results shed light on the interplay of sensory and motor signals that determine the accuracy of auditory spatial updating.
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Liu, Yi Qiang, Hong Bin Liu, and Guang Li. "The Experimental Study on Use of Industrial Wastes in Ceramsite for Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1132.
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Using the industrial wastes such as fly ash, phyllite and ove tails, the light ordinary type and high strength ceramsite are produced based on the different formulations by rotary kiln. The study is totally based on industrial wastes to produce new building materials. It is far-reaching practical significance for sustainable development of environment. Ceramsite is artificial light aggregate, which has the features of big surface area and light density, and widely apply in housing construction，road and bridge engineering etc. It is can place gravel as the main concrete aggregate in building structure to reduce the structural weight, improve the earthquake resistance of building structures, increase safety and durability of the structure. For road pavement, it can increase the wear resistance of the road. For wall materials, it is lightweight, high strength, maintain the temperature, heat insulation and sound insulation. It also used in buildings with its superiority, which has the functions such as fire-resistant, high temperature, anti-radiation.
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Karabašević, Anđela. "Atmospheric dimensions of architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, no. 2 (2016): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1602179k.
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This paper proposes four methodological tools for investigating architectural atmospheres: objective experience, holistic measure, computational simulation and atmospheric visualization. These tools have emerged from a broader PhD research agenda based on the hypothesis that ephemeral effects of light, heat, sound, odor, carried on or in the air, present a scientific basis for precise construction of atmospheres in architecture. By describing my own atmospheric methodology over a series of individual case studies, I will argue that architectural atmospheres can be scientifically investigated and precisely constructed, and that atmospheric approach to architectural research and design offers new invaluable knowledge about the invisible aerial behaviors that determine basic human experience of space.
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Hu, Xiao Dong, W. Li, Q. C. Wang, N. Qian, and Wen Hong Zhao. "Study on Precision Control of Direct Metal Forming." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.597.
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This paper introduces a novel economical direct metal forming process, which combines of traditional plasma welding processes and layer manufacturing process to fabricate sound metal part. As high heat inputs during welding could affect parts surface quality, a CCD visual monitoring system was used to monitor the process. To avoid the interferer from plasma arc light, the spectrum of plasma arc was measured and analyzed, and a narrow band filter system was designed. The images of molten pool were analyzed, and a fuzzy-PID controller was used to control the molten pool size. Experimental results prove that using this system can improve parts surface quality.
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Mayer, Svea, Emanuel Schwaighofer, Martin Schloffer, and Helmut Clemens. "The Use of In Situ Characterization Techniques for the Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2097.
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Urgent needs concerning energy efficiency and environmental politics require novel approaches to materials design. One recent example is thereby the implementation of light-weight intermetallic titanium aluminides as structural materials for the application in turbine blades of aero-engines as well as in turbocharger turbine wheels for the next generation of automotive engines. Each production process leads to specific microstructures which can be altered and optimized by thermo-mechanical processing and / or subsequent heat-treatments. To develop sound and sustainable processing routes, knowledge on solidification processes and phase transformation sequences in advanced TiAl alloys is fundamental. Therefore, in-situ diffraction techniques employing synchrotron radiation and neutrons were used for establishing phase fraction diagrams, investigating advanced heat-treatments as well as for optimizing thermo-mechanical processing. Summarizing all results a consistent picture regarding microstructure formation and its impact on mechanical properties in advanced multi-phase TiAl alloys can be given.
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Nasser Tawfik, Abdel, and Hend Magdy. "Hadronic equation of state and speed of sound in thermal and dense medium." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 27 (October 28, 2014): 1450152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14501528.
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The equation of state p(ϵ) and speed of sound squared [Formula: see text] are studied in grand canonical ensemble of all hadron resonances having masses ≤2 GeV . This large ensemble is divided into strange and non-strange hadron resonances and furthermore to pionic, bosonic and fermionic sectors. It is found that the pions represent the main contributors to [Formula: see text] and other thermodynamic quantities including the equation of state p(ϵ) at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the main contributions are added in by the massive hadron resonances. The speed of sound squared can be calculated from the derivative of pressure with respect to the energy density, ∂p/∂ϵ, or from the entropy-specific heat ratio, s/cv. It is concluded that the physics of these two expressions is not necessarily identical. They are distinguishable below and above the critical temperature Tc. This behavior is observed at vanishing and finite chemical potential. At high temperatures, both expressions get very close to each other and both of them approach the asymptotic value, 1/3. In the hadron resonance gas (HRG) results, which are only valid below Tc, the difference decreases with increasing the temperature and almost vanishes near Tc. It is concluded that the HRG model can very well reproduce the results of the lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of ∂p/∂ϵ and s/cv, especially at finite chemical potential. In light of this, energy fluctuations and other collective phenomena associated with the specific heat might be present in the HRG model. At fixed temperatures, it is found that [Formula: see text] is not sensitive to the chemical potential.
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Chaudhuri, Anandeep, and T. Jayanthi. "DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC ABNORMALITY USING HEART SOUND." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 28, no. 05 (October 2016): 1650032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237216500320.
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Heart sound (HS) analysis or auscultation is a standout amongst the most simple, non-invasive and costless methods used to evaluate heart health and is one of the basic and foremost routine of a doctor while reviewing a patient. Detecting cardiac abnormality by auscultation demands a physician’s experience and even then there is a high scope of committing error. In this paper, a low cost electronic stethoscope is built to acquire HS in a novel manner by taking one from each ventricular and auricular area and superimposed, to get a resultant signal of both distinct lub-dub sound. Then, a light, fast and low computation speed beat track method followed by wavelet reconstruction is presented for correct detection of S1 and S2. It is done without ECG reference, and can be used satisfactorily on both normal and pathological HSs. Moreover, heartbeats can be identified in both de-noised and noised environment as it is independent of external disturbances. Significant features are extracted from the resultant HSs with detected S1 and S2 and feed-forward back propagation method. It is used to classify the HS nature into normal and pathological. This algorithm has been implemented on 24 pairs of HSs, extracted from 24 patients of 15 pathological and nine normal subjects and the classification yields a result of 91.7% accuracy with 81.8% sensitivity. The overall performance suggests a good performance to cost ratio. This system can be used as first diagnosis tool by the medical professionals.
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Mehrabani, Javad, Soodabeh Bagherzadeh, Abuzar Jorbonian, Eisa Khaleghi-Mamaghani, Maryam Taghdiri, and Mona Mehdizadeh-Haghighi. "Cardiovascular, lactate and appetite response to light and spicy music tempo after an endurance swimming protocol in young girls." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 24, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0407.
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Background and Study Aim. During exercise, the effects of music on the performance have been previously evaluated. However, the superiority of the type of music and during recovery is not yet clear. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the impact of music with a spicy and light beat on changes in lactate levels, blood pressure, heart rate, and appetite during the recovery period after the endurance swimming. Material and Methods. Thirteen healthy young girls participate in three control and experimental sessions. The participants performed a swimming. Immediately after swimming, they listened to music. Also, evaluations before and after (several times) swimming were performed.Results. Five minutes after swimming there was also a significant difference between the non-sound group with the music groups (p<0.05). Two and 5 minutes after swimming, there was a significant difference between the spicy and light music groups compared to the non-sound group. There was a significant difference between spicy and light music groups at time 10, 15 and 25 minutes. In the 25 minutes after the swim, reducing the heart rate in light music was more than spicy. Also, 10 minutes after swimming, the spicy music group could not cope with the increase in heart rate (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the two music groups in minutes 5, 10 and 15 after swimming (p<0.05).Conclusions. listening to light music during recovery from endurance swimming was associated with decreased lactate levels and heart rate, but listening to spicy music increased heart rate and desire for food.
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DeForge, Donald H. "Physical Ergonomics in Veterinary Dentistry." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 19, no. 4 (December 2002): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640201900402.
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Ergonomics is the application of a body of knowledge addressing the interactions between man and the total working environment, such as atmosphere, heat, light and sound, as well as all tools and equipment of the workplace. a Work related musculoskeletal injuries, caused by poor posture, have been discussed in human dentistry for several years. Veterinary dentistry, as a relatively new specialty within veterinary medicine, should address the ergonomics of poor posture without further delay to prevent work-related injuries. The generalist, as well as the specialist and their technicians, are subject to various neck and back disorders if proper ergonomic recommendations are not followed. This review article highlights basic ergonomic design principles for illumination and posture in veterinary dentistry.
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Koyankin, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. "LIGHTWEIGHT SLAB CAST OVER PRECAST JOISTS." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2017): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.636-641.
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Precast-monolithic house-building in domestic and world practice is a significant part in the mass construction. We propose a relatively large number of designs of precast-monolithic buildings, as well as its individual elements. Despite this, we cannot say that found the most effective constructive solutions able to satisfy the requirements of consumers (future residents) and builders. On this basis, we developed quite effective, from the point of view of construction and further operation, a constructive solution of light weight precast-monolithic overlap. Some features offered are overlapping: smaller mass, compared with beams of heavy concrete; increased heat and sound insulation properties; optimal use of the structural properties of heavy and light precast monolithic concrete and longitudinal reinforcement, depending on the stage of construction. The author has carried out in this article the results of numerical studies the proposed design of precast-monolithic overlap, confirming its compliance with the requirements of 1st and 2nd group of limit States.
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Berney, Michael, Hans-Ulrich Weilenmann, Julian Ihssen, Claudio Bassin, and Thomas Egli. "Specific Growth Rate Determines the Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Thermal, UVA, and Solar Disinfection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (April 2006): 2586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2586-2593.2006.
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ABSTRACT Knowledge about the sensitivity of the test organism is essential for the evaluation of any disinfection method. In this work we show that sensitivity of Escherichia coli MG1655 to three physical stresses (mild heat, UVA light, and sunlight) that are relevant in the disinfection of drinking water with solar radiation is determined by the specific growth rate of the culture. Batch- and chemostat-cultivated cells from cultures with similar specific growth rates showed similar stress sensitivities. Generally, fast-growing cells were more sensitive to the stresses than slow-growing cells. For example, slow-growing chemostat-cultivated cells (D = 0.08 h−1) and stationary-phase bacteria from batch culture that were exposed to mild heat had very similar T 90 (time until 90% of the population is inactivated) values (T 90, chemostat = 2.66 h; T 90, batch = 2.62 h), whereas T 90 for cells growing at a μ of 0.9 h−1 was 0.2 h. We present evidence that the stress sensitivity of E. coli is correlated with the intracellular level of the alternative sigma factor RpoS. This is also supported by the fact that E. coli rpoS mutant cells were more stress sensitive than the parent strain by factors of 4.9 (mild heat), 5.3 (UVA light), and 4.1 (sunlight). Furthermore, modeling of inactivation curves with GInaFiT revealed that the shape of inactivation curves changed depending on the specific growth rate. Inactivation curves of cells from fast-growing cultures (μ = 1.0 h−1) that were irradiated with UVA light showed a tailing effect, while for slow-growing cultures (μ = 0.3 h−1), inactivation curves with shoulders were obtained. Our findings emphasize the need for accurate reporting of specific growth rates and detailed culture conditions in disinfection studies to allow comparison of data from different studies and laboratories and sound interpretation of the data obtained.
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Egnuni, Teklu, Li Chunqi, Nicola Ingram, Louise Coletta, Steven Freear, and James R. McLaughlan. "Combining light and sound with nanoparticles to identify and treat head and neck cancers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 1810–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5101622.
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Lai, Puxiang, Xiazi Huang, Yingying Zhou, and Weiran Pang. "Nanoparticle-enhanced photoacoustic diagnosis and photothermal treatment of small-animal early-stage liver cancer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016082.
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Synergy of light and sound, such as photoacoustic imaging, has demonstrated promising potentials in advancing the state-of-the-art of biomedical imaging by ultrasonically detecting the absorption of light, no matter the light is diffusive or not. As a result, optical contrast can be revealed with ultrasound or sub-ultrasound spatial resolution, which can be exploited to map sensitively the early tissue changes associated with the onset and development of early-stage diseases. The sources of photoacoustic emissions, however, could be very complicated within living biological tissue, as many tissue constituents may absorb light and generate heat to emit the ultrasonic waves, which considerably reduces the contrast between the target and the background. Therefore, exogenous agents, such as nanoparticles, that have absorption spectrum distinctive from that of background tissues have been widely used in the field to enhance the photoacoustic detection contrast and sensitivity at selected optical wavelengths. This talk summarizes our recent efforts in this direction that have explored various nanoparticles for more robust and more sensitive diagnosis and treatment of early-stage liver cancer based on photoacoustic imaging and photothermal effect. While the studies are based on merely small animal models, they may inspire further explorations towards preclinical and clinical trials.
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Jasim, Ali, Jawad Mahmood, and Ramzy Ali. "Sound Signal Analysis Using FIR Filters for Musical Fountain Operation." Basrah journal for engineering science 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.16.2.3.
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In digital signal processing (DSP), FIR digital filter isvery important device to deal with particular frequencies of acertain signal to be appropriate for some applications such ascommunications, sound equalizers, etc. In this paper, FIRfilters are adapted to decompose the original sound signal intofour signals. Each one is created by one FIR filter and eachfilter represents a narrow band of frequencies. The filteroutput is used to drive a certain variable speed drive (VSD) tocontrol the speed of a water pump and light intensity of acolored lamp. This filter output signal is applied to the analogcontrol voltage terminals of the VSD unit to control thefrequency and magnitude of the voltage supplied to the lampand pump. Thus, the heads of the water jets and the lightintensity is controlled according to the analog control signalswhich are created by the FIR filters (The VSD is used to mapthe filter output into light intensity and water head bycontrolling the supplied voltage of them). The goal of this studyis to design and simulate four sound harmonics bandsproduced by FIR filters to drive four VSDs which aresimulated using V/F ratio constant method for musicalfountain operation.
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Desarda, Rashmi. "Top 10 Myths about Migraine." Advancements in Homeopathic Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ahr.2022.7.3.8.
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Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe. Typically, the headaches affect one half of the head, are pulsating in nature, and last from a few hours to 3 days. Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smell.