Journal articles on the topic 'Sound background theory'
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1
BÓDAI, TAMÁS, ALAN J. FENWICK, and MARIAN WIERCIGROCH. "RAY STABILITY FOR BACKGROUND SOUND SPEED PROFILES WITH TRANSITION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 09 (September 2009): 2953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409024578.
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In this paper deep ocean sound propagation through random media is considered. The study is conducted within a ray theory framework, which facilitates the assessment of ray stability. Model ocean environments where there is a gradual transition between two ambient sound speed profiles, a single duct Munk profile and a double duct profile taken in the Eastern North Atlantic are examined. We build on the finding that the ambient sound speed structure controls ray stability [Beron-Vera & Brown, 2003], and extend this statement for sound speed profiles with transition. It is shown that launching basins, plots constructed by the Maximal Lyapunov Exponent and indicating desirable ray launching parameters, can be predicted by the unperturbed ray system using the nonlinearity parameter.
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Choudhury, Sayantan. "Cosmic Microwave Background from Effective Field Theory †." Universe 5, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060155.
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In this work, we study the key role of generic Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework to quantify the correlation functions in a quasi de Sitter background for an arbitrary initial choice of the quantum vacuum state. We perform the computation in unitary gauge, in which we apply the St u ¨ ckelberg trick in lowest dimensional EFT operators which are broken under time diffeomorphism. In particular, using this non-linear realization of broken time diffeomorphism and truncating the action by considering the contribution from two derivative terms in the metric, we compute the two-point and three-point correlations from scalar perturbations and two-point correlation from tensor perturbations to quantify the quantum fluctuations observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) map. We also use equilateral limit and squeezed limit configurations for the scalar three-point correlations in Fourier space. To give future predictions from EFT setup and to check the consistency of our derived results for correlations, we use the results obtained from all classes of the canonical single-field and general single-field P ( X , ϕ ) model. This analysis helps us to fix the coefficients of the relevant operators in EFT in terms of the slow-roll parameters and effective sound speed. Finally, using CMB observations from Planck we constrain all these coefficients of EFT operators for the single-field slow-roll inflationary paradigm.
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Di Scipio, Agostino. "Listening to Yourself through the Otherself: On Background Noise Study and other works." Organised Sound 16, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771811000033.
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In this paper I describe a work of mine, Background Noise Study, as a starting point to raise questions of broader relevance for current artistic practices. Issues are presented in terms varying from technical and specific, to more philosophical and general (system-theory, biocybernetics, ecology). Excursions are made into the music-theoretical (understanding of key issues in the sound arts, such as ‘space’, ‘performance’, ‘form’ or ‘timbre’) and the political (politics of sound, biopolitics of performance and listening).
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Wibowo, Triyan Adi. "Persepsi Pengaturan Sound System pada Pertunjukan Campursari Ringkes di Nogosari, Boyolali." Sorai: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Musik 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/sorai.v12i2.2833.
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A sound system operator at a wedding celebration in Nogosari, Boyolali, has his own perception in addressing the sound management. One of the operators in this area is Dardi. Neither coming from a family of musicians not having academic background in the field of sound engineering, Dardi is capable of operating the sound system to satisfy his listeners with his performance. As a sound system regulator, Dardi has served sound system service providers at celebrations with puppet shows, dangdut, rebana, and campursari. Each performance is carried out with a different setup. Among the differing setups, Dardi is more competent in the setup of campursari shows. Based on the Dardi’s perceptions on sound system regulation, the author is interested in studying the perception of the sound system operator in the sound of campursari music? Based on the findings from the analysis of Dardi's perception as the sound system operator, there are many considerations and adaptations to different places of performance. He initially practiced in the field without being equipped with theory or science, that he tried his best to be approved by following his brother’s workflow. Through this process, he slowly learned and perfected his own amplification setup. His habit of listening to the sounds of various musical instruments also helps sharpen his musical sensitivity. The awareness that was built by Dardi was through empirical experience and instinct for the sounds he heard. This makes his sound system settings always changes instead of being fixed.
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Sadeghi, J., and B. Khanpour. "AdS and QCD with generalized warp factors and stability." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 11 (November 2016): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0090.
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In this paper, we studied the thermodynamic behavior of generalized warp factor for the corresponding AdS metric background. To discuss the stability of the theory we studied thermodynamical properties of generalized metric background. Here also to obtain the quantity of sound for the measure of stability of the system, we need to calculate the energy density and pressure. Such parameters of sound for the properties of stability constrain some conditions on the corresponding theory as θ. We used the corresponding conditions and rewrite the action of theory. The new action give us opportunity to study the AdS black hole and thermally charged AdS black hole.
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Vlasenko, Olga, and Mariia Sokolova. "EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE HUMAN RESOURCES: THE THEORY BACKGROUND." Economics & Education 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-1-6.
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This article is devoted to the peculiarities of human resources evaluation in enterprises. The human resources evaluation has a special place in human resource management, because it allows you to identify the actual situation in an enterprise, find disadvantages and weaknesses in management, so that you can provide recommendations basing on its results. The main purpose of the study was to develop the theoretical principles for assessing human resources, which should establish the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the terms of determining the state of motivation and efficiency for human resources. In the study, the authors stressed on the cyclical nature of human resource management in an enterprise. At the same time, in their opinion, the human resources evaluation takes a special place because it makes all actions passing through the human resources management system. The authors also stressed on the impact of motivation upon an enterprise efficient operation, and including but not limiting to the human resources. They found that motivation has a special relevance for human resource management, and thus is gained by solving such problems as coordination, matching up of the needs and means, motives and goals of human resources and an enterprise as a whole, identification and resolution of emerging contradictions between these goals and needs of human resources and an enterprise. Solving these problems is possible after a comprehensive evaluation of an enterprise’s human resources. The authors propose to conduct a comprehensive evaluation in clearly defined areas: quantitative and qualitative evaluation, evaluation of the motivational state of human resources, and the final stage is to evaluate the efficiency of using Enterprise Human Resources. In the result of such evaluation, the administrative goal of human resource management will be achieved due to adoption of sound administrative decisions; thus, the information goal will be achieved as well, which is that both employees and managers have the opportunity to obtain reliable information about the activities; of course, the motivational goal of evaluation itself is among the most important means of motivating people's behaviour. In the authors’ opinion, their proposed theoretical approach to the evaluation of human resources, which is implemented due to identifying the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources’ motivation and efficiency, will lead to conscious human resource management.
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Mackert, Michael. "Franz Boas’ Theory of Phonetics." Historiographia Linguistica 21, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.21.3.04mac.
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Summary Franz Boas’ (1858–1942) Statements on phonetics can only be appreciated adequately if they are read against the background of 19th-century experimental psychology, acoustics, physiology, and psychophysics. This paper demonstrates that Boas adhered to a theory of phonetics which included a physical and a psychological component. The former component was informed by contemporary ideas on phonetics put forward by Hermann Helmholtz (1821–1894), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), Hermann Paul (1846–1921), and Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887). Within this component, Boas included the production of speech sounds, their acoustical nature, and the mechanical workings of the ear. For Boas, speech-sounds were averages consisting of groups of oscillations which gave each sound its peculiar character. The ear analyzed speech-sounds into their component groups of oscillations, and the resulting sensations were individually transmitted into consciousness. The psychological component of Boas’ theory was influenced by Gustav Fechner’s (1801–1887) psychophysics, and it was initially based on Herbartian psychology. This second component included mental representations (Vorstellungen) of sounds, the process of apperception, and Fechner’s law of thresholds (Schwellengesetz). Boas’ theory presupposed a model of the mind as machine in which the ear was seen as a mechanical extension of the mind. Within this mechanical model of the mind, the recognition of speech-sounds was deterministically governed by the law of thresholds and the process of apperception. The interaction of the law of thresholds with the process of apperception was responsible for the phenomenon of alternating sounds. With the help of his theory, Boas countered positions which considered such seemingly fluctuating sounds as the hallmark of ‘primitive’ languages. In order to distance himself from Heymann Steinthal’s (1823–1899) Eurocentric linguistics, which was rooted in the Herbartian tradition, Boas later abandoned his Herbartian framework in favor of an associationist theory of psychology.
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Masovic, Drasko, and Ennes Sarradj. "Derivation of Lighthill’s Eighth Power Law of an Aeroacoustic Quadrupole in Acoustic Spacetime." Acoustics 2, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics2030035.
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Acoustic spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold analogue to the relativistic spacetime with the reference speed of light replaced by the speed of sound. It has been established primarily for the indirect studies of relativistic phenomena by means of their better understood acoustic analogues. More recently, it has also been used for the analytical treatment of sound propagation in various uniform and non-uniform flows of the background fluid. In this paper the analogy is extended and utilized to derive Lighthill’s eight power law for sound generation of an aeroacoustic quadrupole. Adding to the existing analogue theory, propagating sound waves are described in terms of a weak perturbation of the background acoustic spacetime metric. The obtained result proves that the acoustic analogy can be extended to cover both weak perturbation of the fluid due to the sound waves and certain sound generation mechanisms, at least in incompressible low Mach number flows.
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Gül, Zühre Sü, Ning Xiang, and Mehmet Çalışkan. "Diffusion Equation-Based Finite Element Modeling of a Monumental Worship Space." Journal of Computational Acoustics 25, no. 04 (November 21, 2017): 1750029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x17500291.
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In this work, a diffusion equation model (DEM) is applied to a room acoustics case for in-depth sound field analysis. Background of the theory, the governing and boundary equations specifically applicable to this study are presented. A three-dimensional geometric model of a monumental worship space is composed. The DEM is solved over this model in a finite element framework to obtain sound energy densities. The sound field within the monument is numerically assessed; spatial sound energy distributions and flow vector analysis are conducted through the time-dependent DEM solutions.
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Buczek-Zawiła, Anita. "Phonological Awareness of L1 Systemic Segmental Contrasts among Advanced ESL Speakers with Varied L1 Backgrounds." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 30/2 (September 1, 2021): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.30.2.06.
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The paper explores the phonological awareness of L1 among advanced adult speakers of EFL in the context of L2 pronunciation training. The subjects are students of English with Polish, Spanish, Turkish and Russian L1 background. All subjects have participated in intensive English pronunciation instruction as part of their degree training, in the English Department at the Pedagogical University in Kraków. Two aspects are tar- geted for examination: perception of sound contrasts and awareness of contextual variants in L1, mostly those pertaining to the consonantal and vocalic inventories, all related to their L2 (English) production goals. The material is based on longitudinal examination of course test results over the span of 3 years. The analysis reveals low sound discrimination skills in the subjects’ L1, largely based on letter-to-sound correspondences and inability to see beyond print. Through explicit training in their L2 they become more sensitive to the inventory and the details of their L1 sound system, the awareness they can use to the advantage when targeting L2 sound production.
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Zhu, Rui (Juliet), and Joan Meyers-Levy. "Distinguishing between the Meanings of Music: When Background Music Affects Product Perceptions." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 3 (August 2005): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.3.333.
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Music theory distinguishes between two types of meanings that music can impart: (1) embodied meaning, which is purely hedonic, context independent, and based on the degree of stimulation the musical sound affords, and (2) referential meaning, which is context dependent and reflects networks of semantic-laden, external world concepts. Two studies investigate which (if either) of these background music meanings influence perceptions of an advertised product and when. Findings suggest that people who engage in nonintensive processing are insensitive to either type of meaning. However, more intensive processors base their perceptions on the music's referential meaning when ad message processing requires few resources, but they use the music's embodied meaning when such processing is relatively resource demanding.
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Dumitru, Claudia. "Francis Bacon and the Aristotelian Tradition on the Nature of Sound." Journal of Early Modern Studies 9, no. 2 (2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jems20209211.
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Centuries II and III of Francis Bacon’s posthumous natural history Sylva Sylvarum are largely dedicated to sound. This paper claims that Bacon’s investigation on this topic is fruitfully read against the background of the Aristotelian theory of sound, as presented in De anima commentaries. I argue that Bacon agreed with the general lines of this tradition in a crucial aspect: he rejected the reduction of sound to local motion. Many of the experimental instances and more theoretical remarks from his natural history of sound can be elucidated against this wider concern of distinguishing sound from motion, a theme that had been a staple of Aristotelian discussions of sound and hearing since the Middle Ages. Bacon admits that local motion is part of the efficient cause of sound, but he denies that it is its form, which means that sound cannot be reduced to a type of local motion. This position places him outside subsequent developments in natural philosophy in the seventeenth century.
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Chen, Jing, and Hui Ma. "An impact study of acoustic environment on users in large interior spaces." Building Acoustics 26, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x19848119.
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As many large buildings have been built worldwide recently, it is necessary to study how the acoustic environment in those buildings affects people in order to improve the acoustical comfort in them. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of acoustic environment on people in eight large-scale spaces, which are divided into three categories according to function, through grounded theory, and questionnaire. The results showed that “loud background noise,” “large number of sound sources,” “emotional change,” “mixed sounds,” and “sensible sound with certain spectrum component” were people’s main evaluation to the acoustic environment in large-scale spaces. Based on respondents’ perception, the influence of the acoustic environment in large-scale spaces could be classified into the following three aspects: emotional effect, influence on attention, and influence on thinking ability and behavior. Although the evaluation of the acoustic environment varied widely with the difference in spatial functions, same perception dimensions could be summarized.
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Debnath, Ujjal. "Observational data analysis for generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas in the background of Brans–Dicke theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 21 (July 21, 2021): 2150157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21501578.
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In this paper, we have considered the generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas (GCCG) in the background of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory and also assumed that the Universe is filled in GCCG, dark matter and radiation. To investigate the data fitting of model parameters, we have constrained the model using recent observations. Using [Formula: see text] minimum test, the best-fit values of the model parameters are determined by OHD+CMB+BAO+SNIa joint data analysis. We have drawn the contour figures for different confidence levels [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. To examine the viability of the GCCG model in BD theory, we have also determined △AIC and △BIC using the information criteria (AIC and BIC). Graphically, we have analyzed the natures of the equation of state parameter and deceleration parameter for our best-fit values of model parameters. Also, we have studied the square speed of sound [Formula: see text] which lies in the interval [Formula: see text] for expansion of the Universe. So, our considered model is classically stable by considering the best-fit values of the model parameters due to the data analysis.
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Wee, BL, PG Coleman, R. Hillier, and SH Holgate. "The sound of death rattle II: how do relatives interpret the sound?" Palliative Medicine 20, no. 3 (April 2006): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269216306pm1138oa.
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Background: In an earlier study, we found that some bereaved relatives (five out of 12 interviewed) found it distressing to hear the sound of death rattle, but the remainder did not. In this paper, we report a second study in which we explored how a different group of relatives interpreted the sound of death rattle when they heard it. Method: We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 25 bereaved relatives using the principles of grounded theory. Results: Seventeen of the 25 bereaved relatives interviewed had heard the sound of death rattle. Ten relatives were distressed by the sound, but seven were not. Some relatives regarded the sound of death rattle as a useful warning sign that death was imminent. Their interpretation of the sound was influenced by the patient’s appearance, being less concerned if the patient was not obviously disturbed. Relatives were distressed when they thought that the sound of death rattle indicated that the patient might be drowning or choking. These concerns were reinforced by seeing fluid dribble from the dying patient’s mouth. Conclusion: This study confirms the previous finding that not all relatives are distressed by the sound of death rattle. It also demonstrates that relatives interpret the sound in a variety of ways, some matter of fact and some distressing. We suggest that effective communication is helpful in uncovering relatives’ interpretation of death rattle and dispelling unwarranted fears.
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Royal, Kenneth D., and Juan M. Thompson. "A Psychometric Validation of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale." Journal of Nursing Measurement 21, no. 3 (2013): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.21.3.516.
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Background and Purpose: This study measured Protestant Christians’ beliefs about mental illness using the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI). Methods: This study used a state-of-the-art item response theory technique, namely the Rasch rating scale model (RRSM), to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BMI and to produce a ruler of the construct hierarchy. Results: Using Messick’s framework for evaluating construct validity, sufficient evidence was obtained that suggests the BMI is psychometrically sound regarding substantive, content, structural, and generalizable aspects of validity. Conclusions: The BMI is a psychometrically sound instrument that is appropriate for measuring beliefs toward mental illness.
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Yuli Anggreni, Ni Luh Eka. "Bunyi Gamelan Angklung Dalam Upacara Pitra Yadnya Di Kota Mataram (Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Sosiologi)." Sophia Dharma: Jurnal Filsafat, Agama Hindu, dan Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53977/sd.v4i2.408.
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Some Hindu communities in the city of Mataram know that Gamelan Angklung is only used and serves to accompany the Pitra Yadnya ceremony or cremation because the sound produced by the tone or blade on the Gamelan Angklung has an impression that creates a sense of emotion and an atmosphere of sadness, then the sound of gending The sound produced from the angklung gamelan instrument is considered to sound always the same or monotonous between one type of gending and another when accompanying the Pitra Yadnya ceremony procession.
From the background above, there are several problems that are studied, including: 1) What is the perception of the people in the West Karang Medain Region towards the sound of gamelan angklung in the Pitra Yadnya ceremony in Mataram City, 2) What is the essence of the sound of gamelan angklung in the Pitra Yadnya ceremony in the City of Mataram is viewed from a sociological perspective. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The problems studied used two theories, namely the theory of taste, and the theory of symbolic interactionism.
The results of this study are as follows: People's perception of the West Karang Medain region to the sound of the angklung gamelan in the Pitra Yadnya ceremony in Mataram City, namely: 1). In terms of context of use, 2). In terms of the type of percussion, 3). In terms of how to enjoy it. The essence of the sound of the angklung gamelan in the Pitra Yadnya ceremony in Mataram City is viewed from a sociological perspective, including that: 1). The sound of the angklung gamelan in the Pitra Yadnya ceremony is used to accompany the ceremony and as a medium of information about the existence of a ceremonial procession or a natural means of social communication. 2). The sound of gamelan angklung indirectly and scientifically as a means of interaction to establish togetherness, connect friendship and brotherhood, generate social emotions, generate atmosphere and feeling, and learn social ethics. 3). The sound of gamelan angklung as a means of creating harmonization of life, be it with God, humans with humans, or humans with the universe.
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Biermann, Ina. "Intertextuality as parallelism in two South African poems." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 2, no. 3 (August 1993): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709300200303.
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This article attempts a refinement of the notion of foregrounding as it functions in poetic language through sound repetition. Phonic foregrounding is viewed not only from the vantage point of the organisation of the individual text, or the oeuvre of a particular poet, as foregrounded against the background of the ordinary usage of sound in everyday speech, but also from the point of view that the text is part of a larger literary and social discourse. In analysing and interpreting the functional organisation of sound in two Afrikaans poems, principles for the study of intertextuality put forward by van Peer (1987) are examined and revised to include phonic foregrounding as a potential factor in establishing intertextual relationships.
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Drukarch, Benjamin, Micha M. M. Wilhelmus, and Shamit Shrivastava. "The thermodynamic theory of action potential propagation: a sound basis for unification of the physics of nerve impulses." Reviews in the Neurosciences 33, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0094.
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Abstract The thermodynamic theory of action potential propagation challenges the conventional understanding of the nerve signal as an exclusively electrical phenomenon. Often misunderstood as to its basic tenets and predictions, the thermodynamic theory is virtually ignored in mainstream neuroscience. Addressing a broad audience of neuroscientists, we here attempt to stimulate interest in the theory. We do this by providing a concise overview of its background, discussion of its intimate connection to Albert Einstein’s treatment of the thermodynamics of interfaces and outlining its potential contribution to the building of a physical brain theory firmly grounded in first principles and the biophysical reality of individual nerve cells. As such, the paper does not attempt to advocate the superiority of the thermodynamic theory over any other approach to model the nerve impulse, but is meant as an open invitation to the neuroscience community to experimentally test the assumptions and predictions of the theory on their validity.
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Ganz, Alexander. "Dynamical dark energy in minimally modified gravity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): 074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/074.
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Abstract Minimally modified gravity is a class of models with only the two tensor degrees of freedom as in general relativity. Using the framework with auxiliary constraints these models can maintain a dynamical cosmological background. The form of the constraints is thereby restricted by the requirement of dynamical dark energy and the avoidance of a breakdown of perturbation theory. Studying the linear perturbations around the FLRW background the results are, however, quite insensitive to the details of the constraints leading to a modified effective gravitational constant or a non-vanishing sound speed for dust.
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Warde, Ann. "Change Over Time: Responsibility and Power in the Midst of Catastrophe." Leonardo Music Journal 9 (December 1999): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/096112199750316875.
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After outlining a background of catastrophe theory and its links to musical composition, the author presents a manifestation of those links in the form of a “catastrophe machine”—an interactive musical system in which abrupt changes in computer-generated sound processing are dependent upon performers' sensitive control of acoustic instruments. She then discusses notions of power and responsibility as they stem from a specific realization of this system, Berubah.
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Nirwana, Nirwana, and Suhono Suhono. "Phonological Interference in English Pronunciation Produced by Students at Senior High School (A Case Study of Buginese and Javanese Students)." Anglophile Journal 3, no. 1 (October 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/anglophile.v3i1.475.
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This research discussed the Buginese and Javanese phonological interference and the factors that influenced that case from the students in senior high school. The method that was used in this research was qualitative research. The researchers collected the data with nine fricative consonants (f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h) by reading test, recording and interview, then analyzed with the theory by Weinreich (1979). The object was the Buginese and Javanese students of Senior High School 2 of East Luwu. The data showed that phonological interference produced by Buginese and Javanese are only two of three kinds of phonological interference by Crystal (2003). From Buginese students, the researchers only found one category of phonological interference which was sound replacements on consonant {f}, meanwhile on Javanese students found two categories of phonological interference, that were sound addition on sound {h} and sound replacement on sound {ʃ}. On the other hand, there are two factors that caused phonological interference of Buginese and Javanese students in this research, such as bilingual background and disloyalty to the target language. The factors that were found related to the factors mentioned by Weinreich (1979).
Keywords: Phonological Interference, Buginese Phonological Interference, Javanese Phonological Interference
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Tan, Wei Hong, Rosmaini Ahmad, Nur Hafizah Zunaidi, Ruslizam Daud, and E. M. Cheng. "Development of an Indigenous Impedance Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.149.
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Fabrication of an impedance tube for measuring sound absorption coefficient is presented in this paper. Transfer-function method is chosen for the sound absorption analysis. The impedance tube is designed and fabricated in accordance with ISO 10534-2. The tube is made from brass with diameter of 114.3 mm and length of 1.42 m. It is designed for the frequency range 60 Hz to 1800Hz. Three microphone positions are installed to achieve the frequency range with a single tube. The theoretical background of transfer-function method between two microphones is discussed. Initially, impedance tube is characterized by the measurement without testing material in the tube. Micro-perforated panel (MPP) with 50 mm and 100 mm of cavity depth are used for measurement. The sound absorption coefficient measurement of the MPP is compared with theory and good agreement is achieved. Various problems related to design and construction is addressed and the optimal configuration is presented.
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Mehta, Anahita H., Lei Feng, and Andrew J. Oxenham. "Neural auditory contrast enhancement in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 29 (July 15, 2021): e2024794118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024794118.
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The perception of sensory events can be enhanced or suppressed by the surrounding spatial and temporal context in ways that facilitate the detection of novel objects and contribute to the perceptual constancy of those objects under variable conditions. In the auditory system, the phenomenon known as auditory enhancement reflects a general principle of contrast enhancement, in which a target sound embedded within a background sound becomes perceptually more salient if the background is presented first by itself. This effect is highly robust, producing an effective enhancement of the target of up to 25 dB (more than two orders of magnitude in intensity), depending on the task. Despite the importance of the effect, neural correlates of auditory contrast enhancement have yet to be identified in humans. Here, we used the auditory steady-state response to probe the neural representation of a target sound under conditions of enhancement. The probe was simultaneously modulated in amplitude with two modulation frequencies to distinguish cortical from subcortical responses. We found robust correlates for neural enhancement in the auditory cortical, but not subcortical, responses. Our findings provide empirical support for a previously unverified theory of auditory enhancement based on neural adaptation of inhibition and point to approaches for improving sensory prostheses for hearing loss, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants.
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Jawad, Abdul, M. Bilal Amin, and Shamaila Rani. "Cosmological consequences and thermodynamics of modified gravity with extended nonminimal derivative couplings." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 11 (August 2019): 1950137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819501372.
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We consider the newly proposed gravitational modifications that go beyond Horndeski’s theory, named as theories with extended nonminimal derivative couplings. By these modifications, the coefficient functions depend on the scalar field and its kinetic energy. These theories become ghost-free in cosmological background. We consider the flat FRW universe and explore the equation-of-state parameter, [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane and the squared speed of sound. The equation-of-state parameter exhibits phantom behavior of the universe, [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane represents the freezing region of the universe while the squared speed of sound denotes the stability of the model for the specific choice of constant parameters. Also, we investigate the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics on the Hubble horizon taking into account the Bekenstein, power-law, Renyi and logarithmic corrections to the horizon entropy.
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Meerzon, Yana. "Towards a Poetics of Affect: Staging Sound in Wajdi Mouawad's Theatre of Compassion 1." Recherches sémiotiques 36, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2018): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051185ar.
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Erin Hurley and Sara Warner in their insightful study “Affect/Performance/Politics” (2012) remind us that the humanities and social sciences today experience a new sweep of theoretical inquiry, focusing on studying affect or thrill experience as a leading mechanism of our cognition and communication, as well as the making and reception of art works. Today, “the affective turn signals [our] renewed interest in embodiment and sensorial experience” (2012 : 99), allowing scholars to examine a theatrical performance as a venue to reinforce the subjectivity of the artist and that of the receiver. A theory of affect strives to describe the mechanisms of reception in theatre as our psycho-physical experience, regardless of our linguistic, cultural, social, or ethnic background, and thus aspires to bring the question of universals back to the rehearsal hall and the theatre auditorium. This article takes such a theoretical framework further to argue that in today’s theatre it is the multiple soundscapes of performance–actors’ voices, music, artificially produced and live sound, the architecture of performance aurality–that has the most potential for instigating the audiences’ visceral experience. Hans Thies Lehmann (2006) in his influential book on post-dramatic theatre aesthetics names this phenomenon aschora, the sonoric space of the performance, which possesses the great power to deconstruct the semantic meanings of words, turning them into mechanisms of performative psycho-physical affect as xperienced by the audience (ibid. : 145). In order to illustrate how words (as poetry) and sounds (as singing and music) generate affect in today’s performances, an example of Lehmann’schora-graphy(2006 : 146), I examine Wajdi Mouawad’stheatre of compassion(Naugrette 2008 : 88), emphasizing his dramaturgy, directorial choices (mise-en-scene), use of sound, and work with actors, as an artistic project called to shock and shake audiences emotionally. In the first section of my study I outline the major principles of the theory of affect; in the second, I discuss Mouawad’s approach to staging a canonical dramatic text and investigate how sound serves as the leading compositional element of affect in his 2011 productionDes Femmes, an adaptation of Sophocles’ three tragediesLes Trachiniennes,AntigoneandÉlectre.
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Ngqaka, Kaya. "Economic basics of tourism." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i2.2644.
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This paper sets out to discuss the potential of tourism as a development instrument for underdeveloped economies. This is done by drawing on economic theory as well as evidence from the real world. While it is acknowledged that tourism development is one of the growth options for these countries, it is a policy often pursued against a background of a narrow resource base and serious balance of payments difficulties. However, only by observing sound economic principles can tourism be expected to achieve its economic goals.
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Odoyevsky, Victor A., and Nataliya V. Korchagina. "Performing on Acoustic Guitar in the Fingerstyle Technique: Historical and Methodical Aspects." Musical Art and Education 8, no. 2 (2020): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862//2309-1428-2020-8-2-124-139.
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The article analyzes the theory and practice of acoustic guitar performing in the fingerstyle – a special technique of playing simultaneously conducting several parts (solo, rhythm and bass). This style, turning the guitar into a kind of “orchestra in miniature”, significantly expands the range of expressive possibilities of the musician-guitarist, allowing him to fully reveal the content of the performed works. Along with a discussion of the prerequisites to the emergence of an acoustic guitar as a musical instrument and show its evolution in the development process, authors provide a brief historical background on the origins and causes of fingerstyle, characteristics of sound and sound production methods, activities of its developers and popularizers, the content of the tutorial for the fingerstyle guitarist. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the original author’s methods of performing this style. Among them: a complex reception from a pinch and a slap and a “phantom pick” for the thumb (without using the “claw”). The necessity of their application is justified, the technique of performance and the achieved results of these methods of sound extraction are described in detail. The article describes the possibilities of using electric sound amplification in the performance of fingerstyle on an acoustic guitar, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using various types of sound amplification equipment in a concert performance. Authors emphasize that the connection of these devices when performing fingerstyle creates a number of additional opportunities for enriching the sound, allowing to increase the artistic level of interpretation. The conclusion is made about the prospects for the development of this style. Recommendations are given for solving specific technological problems for guitarists who use fingerstyle in concert practice, both with and without sound amplification equipment.
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WEBB, G. M., M. BRIO, and G. P. ZANK. "Lagrangian and Hamiltonian aspects of wave mixing in non-uniform media: waves on strings and waves in gas dynamics." Journal of Plasma Physics 60, no. 2 (September 1998): 341–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237789800693x.
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Hamiltonian and Lagrangian perturbation theory is used to describe linear wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. In particular, the problems of wave propagation on an inhomogeneous string, and the propagation of sound waves and entropy waves in gas dynamics in one Cartesian space dimension are investigated. For the case of wave propagation on an inhomogeneous heavy string, coupled evolution equations are obtained describing the interaction of the backward and forward waves via wave reflection off gradients in the string density. Similarly, in the case of gas dynamics the backward and forward sound waves and the entropy wave interact with each other via gradients in the background flow. The wave coupling coefficients in the gas-dynamical case depend on the gradients of the Riemann invariants R± and entropy S of the background flow. Coupled evolution equations describing the interaction of the different wave modes are obtained by exploiting the Hamiltonian and Poisson-bracket structure of the governing equations. Both Lagrangian and Clebsch-variable formulations are used. The similarity of the equations to equations obtained by Heinemann and Olbert describing the propagation of bidirectional Alfvén waves in the solar wind is pointed out.
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Lilley, G. M. "The generation of sound in turbulent motion." Aeronautical Journal 112, no. 1133 (July 2008): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000002347.
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Abstract The present paper reviews and discusses the physical mechanisms of noise generation and reduction in turbulent flows with their applications towards aircraft noise reduction at takeoff and on the approach. This work began in 1948 when Lilley undertook an experimental investigation into the source of jet noise as a necessary precursor to finding methods for the reduction of high speed jet engine noise on civil jet airliners. Westley and Lilley completed this experimental programme in 1951, which included the design of a range of devices for high speed jet noise reduction. It was about this time that similar studies on jet noise were being started elsewhere and in particular by Lassiter and Hubbard in USA. The major contribution to the subject of turbulence as a source of noise came from Sir James Lighthill’s remarkable theory in 1952. In spite of the difficulties attached to theoretical and experimental studies on noise from turbulence, it is shown that with the accumulated knowledge on aerodynamic noise over the past 50 years, together with an optimisation of aircraft operations including flight trajectories, we are today on the threshold of approaching the design of commercial aircraft with turbofan propulsion engines that will not be heard above the background noise of the airport at takeoff and landing beyond 1-2km, from the airport boundary fence. It is evident that in the application of this work, which centres on the physical mechanisms relating to the generation of noise from turbulence and turbulent shear flows, to jet noise, there is not one unique mechanism of jet noise generation for all jet Mach numbers. This author in this publication has concentrated on what appears to be the dominant mechanism of noise generation from turbulence, where the mean convection speeds of the turbulence are subsonic. The noise generated at transonic and supersonic jet speeds invariably involves extra mechanisms, which are only briefly referred to here.
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Nnaji, Ifeoma Loretto, Chinyeaka Justine Igbokwe-Ibeto, Ikechukwu Ogeze Ukeje, and Sunday Odo Nwangbo. "Educational and political leadership challenges: Exploring implications on security in Nigeria." West African Journal of Educational Sciences and Practice 1, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/wajesp.v1i2.220.
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Fraught with insecurity in recent years, lack of political and educational leaders’ adoption of sound approach to governance in the state is revealed. This manifest in serious humanitarian crises: a threat to national security and the corporate existence of the country. It is against this background that the paper within the framework of systems theory examined the relationship between leadership and security challenges in Nigeria and how it has turned Nigeria into a fragile system. The universal content analysis and qualitative research design were adopted for the study, and secondary sources of data explored to collect facts. The study unveils and traces insecurity in Nigeria to bad political and educational leadership. There is no sound execution of mutual roles by the executive, legislative and judicial arms of the government. Checks and balances as well oversight functions, including rule of law are flouted. The universities have not achieved their goal of moral and mental transformation of the graduates to desist from assisting bad political leaders as thugs. Incessant Academic Staff Union of Universities' strike action caused by bad leadership also undermines sound education. The populace and leaders alike lack knowledge of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 target 4.7 on promotion of non-violence and peace, world citizenship, and cultural differences acceptance, which explains sound governance approach. Based on this, the study recommended among others, revitalisation of roles of the three arms of government, reformation of educational governance, and reorientation of both leaders and the led on sound governance and SDGs prescriptions.
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Römer, Heiner, and Marc Holderied. "Decision making in the face of a deadly predator: high-amplitude behavioural thresholds can be adaptive for rainforest crickets under high background noise levels." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1802 (May 18, 2020): 20190471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0471.
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Many insect families have evolved ears that are adapted to detect ultrasonic calls of bats. The acoustic sensory cues indicating the presence of a bat are then used to initiate bat avoidance behaviours. Background noise, in particular at ultrasonic frequencies, complicates these decisions, since a response to the background may result in costly false alarms. Here, we quantify bat avoidance responses of small rainforest crickets (Gryllidae, Trigoniinae), which live under conditions of high levels of ultrasonic background noise. Their bat avoidance behaviour exhibits markedly higher thresholds than most other studied eared insects. Their responses do not qualitatively differ at suprathreshold amplitudes up to sound pressure levels of 105 dB. Moreover, they also exhibit evasive responses to single, high-frequency events and do not require the repetitive sequence of ultrasonic calls typical for the search phase of bat echolocation calls. Analysis of bat and katydid sound amplitudes and peak frequencies in the crickets' rainforest habitat revealed that the cricket's behavioural threshold would successfully reject the katydid background noise. Using measurements of the crickets' echo target strength for bat predators, we calculated the detection distances for both predators and prey. Despite their high behavioural threshold, the cricket prey still has a significant detection advantage at frequencies between 20 and 40 kHz. The low-amplitude bat calls they ignore are no predation threat because even much louder calls would be detected before the bat would hear the cricket echo. This leaves ample time for evasive actions. Thus, a simple decision criterion based on a high-amplitude behavioural threshold can be adaptive under the high background noise levels in nocturnal rainforests, in avoiding false alarms and only missing detection for bat calls too far away to pose a risk. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
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Wells, Sir Stanley. "Viewing and reviewing Shakespeare: John Barton and Peter Hall." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 100, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767819865218.
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This article discusses the intellectual and theatrical background of Peter Hall and John Barton and describes some of their work for the Royal Shakespeare Company. It proceeds to a discussion of various kinds of theatre reviewing – for radio, for television, for the popular press, for learned journals, and in more extended studies such as those in the author’s book Royal Shakespeare (1986). Noting the increasing availability of sound and video recordings, the author suggests that eye-witness accounts remain invaluable because they give a sense of the impact of productions within the social and cultural context of their time.
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Seong, Woo Jae, and Hae Sang Yang. "Model-Data Comparison of High Frequency Absorption and Velocity for the Water-Saturated Granular Medium." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.779.
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Dispersion relation for the p-wave sound speed and attenuation has been described by several models based on continuum or scattering theory. As an alternative approach, this study proposes a model describing relation for the p-wave in case of elastic grain scatterers existing in background fluid medium. Dispersion relations are shown as a function of different grain size distribution and Rayleigh parameter . For quantitative analysis of the proposed model, experiments are performed using water-saturated glass beads. Two sets of experiments employing unimodal and bimodal grain size distributions are performed and used for comparison with the current proposed model.
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Gintere, Ieva. "Signal and Video Processing: Developing the Noise Music Trend in Digital Edugaming." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 14 (January 18, 2021): 1176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2020.14.145.
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In digital educational gaming, there are presently no games devoted to the trends of contemporary music. Also, there are no studies of noise-related sound in contemporary gaming discourse, yet noise is presently one of the most current trends in the arthouse world. The author of this study is carrying out a post-doctoral research into contemporary audio-visual art and digital game theory. Next to the other trends of modern gaming, the study incorporates analysis of noise-related artefacts that are of particular interest to the author taking into account her musicological education. The author intends to transfer knowledge gathered in the research process to the general public with an aim to facilitate the comprehension of noise music. Noise-related sound does not belong to the traditional system of musical expression thereof it requires an explanation and justification in order to be well apprehended. It has been explained in the literature of musicology, but serious gaming would help to disseminate these results and thus support intellectual education. The new experimental game Art Space explores the noise effect in order to deepen the understanding of this fuzzy area of contemporary culture. The game incorporates the historical background of noise music and its contemporary examples in the academic and alternative genres. The methods used in this study are literature analysis (theory of gaming and musicology), analyses of game sound scores and music examples. The mission of the research project and the innovative game Art Space is to pave the way to a new type of edugame that supports the documentation and analysis of aesthetical trends today.
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Itani, Bayan. "Veiling at the American University of Beirut: religious values, social norms and integration of veiled students." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1245386.
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This article presents the Islamic veil worn by students at the American University of Beirut (AUB) through the theory of symbolic interactionism. By questioning the background of the students and their closer social circles, the manifest appearance and latent beliefs and behaviours can be further analyzed. This study builds on the juxtaposition of the historical background of the AUB and the increase of veiled students on campus. It investigates what the veil means in a liberal Western institution like AUB. The two concepts sound contradictory for many people in Lebanon, who assume a correlation between veil and conservatism, and students within AUB negotiate different sets of values. The research is also concerned with investigating how students are reconciling these values, and what they are taking from each of the two poles of liberalism and conservatism.
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Hidayat, Taufik Nur, Fedro Iswandi, and Ahmad Kirom. "Sound Problems in Interpreting: a Comparative Study of Undergraduate Program at Sebelas Maret State University." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.17897.
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The study is to classify the problem triggers in consecutive interpreting especially in listening. The objectives of the research are to find out the relationship between listening skills and sound problem by comparing the test results of English student and non-English student and prove that students’ problem triggers are closely related to the writing and reading performances which are caused by listening skill problems such as domain in comprehension, similar word, etc. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative. The participants are English Department and non English student. Technique of collecting data in the research uses questionnaire, test, and interview. The biggest problem faced by non-English student group is numbering and proper names. It is 34 % which occupy in first rank. Whereas the percentage of English student in comprehension is 27%, then the numbering and proper names, the last is similar word which has 20%. Meanwhile, the test result of English group is 84.5 and non-English group is 60. It represent the background knowledge factors are also play an important role in doing the test. In conclusion, there is relationship between students’ problem triggers, writing and reading performances, especially homophone errors. So, the hypothesis is accepted and it strengthens a currently underdeveloped theory that sounds problem play an important role in listening.
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Hidayat, Taufik Nur, Fedro Iswandi, and Ahmad Kirom. "Sound Problems in Interpreting: a Comparative Study of Undergraduate Program at Sebelas Maret State University." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i3.17897.
Full textAbstract:
The study is to classify the problem triggers in consecutive interpreting especially in listening. The objectives of the research are to find out the relationship between listening skills and sound problem by comparing the test results of English student and non-English student and prove that students’ problem triggers are closely related to the writing and reading performances which are caused by listening skill problems such as domain in comprehension, similar word, etc. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative. The participants are English Department and non English student. Technique of collecting data in the research uses questionnaire, test, and interview. The biggest problem faced by non-English student group is numbering and proper names. It is 34 % which occupy in first rank. Whereas the percentage of English student in comprehension is 27%, then the numbering and proper names, the last is similar word which has 20%. Meanwhile, the test result of English group is 84.5 and non-English group is 60. It represent the background knowledge factors are also play an important role in doing the test. In conclusion, there is relationship between students’ problem triggers, writing and reading performances, especially homophone errors. So, the hypothesis is accepted and it strengthens a currently underdeveloped theory that sounds problem play an important role in listening.
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Santhi, M. Vijaya, T. Chinnappalanaidu, S. Srivani Madhu, and Daba Meshesha Gusu. "Some Bianchi Type Viscous Holographic Dark Energy Cosmological Models in the Brans–Dicke Theory." Advances in Astronomy 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5364541.
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In this article, we analyze Bianchi type–II, VIII, and IX spatially homogeneous and anisotropic space-times in the background of the Brans–Dicke theory of gravity within the framework of viscous holographic dark energy. To solve the field equations, we have used the relation between the metric potentials as R = S n and the relation between the scalar field ϕ and the scale factor a as ϕ = a m . Also, we have discussed some of the dynamical parameters of the obtained models, such as the deceleration parameter q , the jerk parameter j , the EoS parameter ω v h d e , the density parameter Ω vhde , Om-diagnostic, squared speed of sound v s 2 , EoS plane ω v h d e − ω v h d e ′ , and statefinder plane r − s through graphical representation, which are significant in the discussion of cosmology. Furthermore, all the models obtained and graphically presented shown an expanding and accelerating Universe, which is in better agreement with the latest experimental data. The viscous holographic dark energy models are compatible with explaining the present cosmic accelerated expansion.
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Hruška, Viktor, Michal Bednarřík, and Milan Červenka. "Weakly nonlinear oscillations of gas column driven by self-sustained sources." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928306001.
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Self-sustained sources coupled to some sort of resonator have drawn attention recently as a subject of nonlinear dynamics with many practical applications as well as interesting mathematical problems from the chaos theory and the theory of synchronizations. In order to mimic the self-sustainability arising from physical background the van der Pol equation is commonly used as a model (e.g. vortex induced noise, flowstructure interactions, vocal folds motion etc.). In many cases the sound field inside the resonator is strong enough for weakly nonlinear formulation based on the Kuznetsov model equation to be employed. An array of sources governed by the inhomogeneous van der Pol equation coupled to the nonlinear acoustic wave equation is studied. The one dimensional constant cross-section open resonator with zero radiation impedance is assumed. The focus is on the main features such as mode-locking, harmonics generation and build-up from infinitesimal fluctuations.
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Hryshko, Yuliia. "The The Associative Influence of Phonetic Nonce Words (Occasionalisms) in Modern Ukrainian Poetical Discourse." Respectus Philologicus, no. 41(46) (April 15, 2022): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2022.41.46.122.
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The article presents the results of three linguistic associative experiments. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of specific linguistic units – phonetic nonce words (occasionalisms) – on the perception of modern Ukrainian poetical discourse by addressees (readers). As stimuli for linguistic analysis of phonetic occasional units in modern Ukrainian poetical discourse used the most frequent phonetic nonce words in their graphic actualization (total 16 different stimuli). The three experimentally groups of respondents include 105 students of three Poltava high schools. A result of these experiments are 1684 reactions, among which 1146 (68%) – positive, 300 (18%) – negative, 238 (14%) – neutral. The lowest per cent of neutral reactions is motivated because phonetic nonce words are power intensifiers for the expressiveness of sound background in poetical discourse. The phonetic nonce words positively influence the perception of modern verbal discourse by addressees. The special role in decoding of sound information belongs to acoustic-articulator characteristics of vowels and consonants.
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Wang, Yu Ming, Yuan An He, and De Jiang Shang. "Noise Reduction of Elastic Structure Paste Viscoelastic Material Based on Complex Radius Vector of Virtual Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.227.
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It is hard to theoretically calculate the noise reduction characteristics for underwater complex structure of paste viscoelastic material. This paper introduces complex radius vector inside radiator based on the advantages of singular integral provided by traditional virtual source superposition method to calculate the radiated sound field from finite cylindrical shells. This method adapts truncation regularization filter to overcome the effect of background noise to enhance the calculation accuracy and then use impedance transmission theory to calculate the noise reduction characteristics of the cylindrical shells paste viscoelastic material. Numerical simulations show the calculation accuracy is greatly dependent on the size and position of the distributed virtual sources. There exists an optimal complex radius to minimize the error.
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Bleistein, Norman, Jack K. Cohen, and Frank G. Hagin. "Two and one‐half dimensional Born inversion with an arbitrary reference." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 1 (January 1987): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442238.
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Multidimensional inversion algorithms are presented for both prestack and poststack data gathered on a single line. These algorithms both image the subsurface (i.e., give a migrated section) and, given relative true amplitude data, estimate reflection strength or impedance on each reflector. The algorithms are “two and one‐half dimensional” (2.5-D) in that they incorporate three‐dimensional (3-D) wave propagation in a medium which varies in only two dimensions. The use of 3-D sources does not entail any computational penalty, and it avoids the serious degradation of amplitude incurred by using the 2-D wave equation. Our methods are based on the linearized inversion theory associated with the “Born inversion.” Thus, we assume that the sound speed profile is well approximated by a given background velocity, plus a perturbation. It is this perturbation that we seek to reconstruct. We are able to treat the case of an arbitrary continuous background profile. However, the cost of implementation increases as one seeks to honor, successively, constant background, depth‐only dependent background, and, ultimately, fully lateral and depth‐dependent background. For depth‐only dependent background, the increase in CPU time is quite modest when compared to the constant‐background case. We exploit the high‐frequency character of seismic data ab initio. Therefore, we use ray theory and WKBJ Green’s functions in deriving our inversion representations. Furthermore, our algorithms reduce to finding quantities by ray tracing with respect to a background medium. In the constant‐background case, the ray tracing can be eliminated and an explicit algorithm obtained. In the case of a depth‐only dependent background, the ray tracing can be done quite efficiently. Finally, in the general 2.5-D case, the ray‐tracing procedure becomes the principal issue. However, the robustness of the inversion allows for a sparse computation of rays and interpolation for intermediary values. The inversion techniques presented here cover the cases of common‐source gather, common‐receiver gather, and common‐offset gather. Zero offset is a special case of the last of these. For offset data, the reflection coefficient is angle‐dependent, so parameter extraction is more difficult than in the zero‐offset case. Nonetheless, we are able to determine the unknown angle pointwise and derive parameter estimates at the same time as we produce the image. For each reflector, this estimate of the output is based on the Kirchhoff approximation of the upward‐scattered data. Thus, it is constrained to neither small discontinuities in sound speed at the reflector nor to small offset angle as would be the case for a strict “Born approximation” of the reflection process. The prestack algorithms presented here are inversions of single gathers. The question of how best to composite or “stack” these inversions is analogous to the question for any migration scheme and is not treated here.
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Zadeh, M. Abdollahi, and A. Sheykhi. "Sign-changeable holographic dark energy in Brans–Dicke theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 7 (July 2019): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0413.
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We consider the Brans–Dicke (BD) theory of gravity and explore the cosmological implications of the sign-changeable interacting holographic dark energy (HDE) model in the background of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe. As the system’s infrared cutoff, we choose the future event horizon, the Granda–Oliveros (GO), and the Ricci cutoffs. For each cutoff, we obtain the density parameter, the equation of state (EoS), and the deceleration parameter of the system. In case of future event horizon, we find out that the EoS parameter, wD, can cross the phantom line; as a result the transition from the deceleration to the acceleration of the Universe expansion can be achieved provided the model parameters are chosen suitably. We also investigate the instability of the sign-changeable interacting HDE model against perturbations in BD theory. For this purpose, we study the squared sound speed [Formula: see text] whose sign determines the stability of the model. When [Formula: see text] the model is unstable against perturbation. For future event horizon, our Universe can be stable ([Formula: see text]) depending on the model parameters. Then, we focus on GO and Ricci cutoffs and find out that although other features of these two cutoffs are consistent with observations, they cannot lead to stable dominated universe, except in a special case with GO cutoff. Our studies confirm that for the sign-changeable HDE model in the setup of BD cosmology, the event horizon is the most suitable horizon that can pass all conditions and leads to a stable dark-energy-dominated universe.
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Corbo, Stefano. "Air design, meteorological architecture, and atmospheric preservation: towards a theory of feeling." Architectural Research Quarterly 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135518000490.
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In 1960, Belgian artist Rene Magritte painted La Corde Sensible. In the background is a natural landscape, characterised by mountains and by a river. At the front is a champagne glass topped by a cloud. It prompts questions: does the cloud have its own weight? Is the glass mediating between the liquid state of the river and the gaseous state of the cloud? A few years later in 1972, the Viennese group Haus-Rucker-Co depicted a similar provocative scenario in ‘Big Piano’. In place of a champagne glass, a ladder with many steps – each with a different sound – reaches towards a cloud, which is a site of immersion and the loss of orientation.These two examples, along with other artistic manifestations from the same period, reveal the rise of an aesthetic sensibility, which for the first time, questioned traditional physical and perceptual boundaries seemingly fixed by tradition, pursuing a sort of material evanescence. They illustrate a process of formal and conceptual dematerialisation. Generally, one may say that, from the second half of the twentieth century, the discipline of aesthetics experienced a radical change: shifting away from semantic or hermeneutic interpretations back to its original meaning: aesthetics as aisthesis, the ancient Greek word for perception. This implied a rediscovery of the body, the rehabilitation of the senses, and a renewed interest in phenomenology.
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Schimmerling, E., and J. R. Steel. "Fine structure for tame inner models." Journal of Symbolic Logic 61, no. 2 (June 1996): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275679.
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In this paper, we solve the strong uniqueness problem posed in [St2]. That is, we extend the full fine structure theory of [MiSt] to backgrounded models all of whose levels are tame (defined in [St2] and below). As a consequence, more powerful large cardinal properties reflect to fine structural inner models. For example, we get the following extension to [MiSt, Theorem 11.3] and [St2, Theorem 0.3].Suppose that there is a strong cardinal that is a limit of Woodin cardinals. Then there is a good extender sequence such that(1) every level of is a sound, tame mouse, and(2) ⊨ “There is a strong cardinal that is a limit of Woodin cardinals”.Recall that satisfies GCH if all its levels are sound. Another consequence of our work is the following covering property, an extension to [St1, Theorem 1.4] and [St3, Theorem 1.10].Suppose that fi is a normal measure on Ω and that all premice are tame. Then Kc, the background certified core model, exists and is a premouse of height Ω. Moreover, for μ-almost every α < Ω.Ideas similar to those introduced here allow us to extend the fine structure theory of [Sch] to the level of tame mice. The details of this extension shall appear elsewhere. From the extension of [Sch] and Theorem 0.2, new relative consistency results follow. For example, we have the following application.If there is a cardinal κ such that κ is κ+-strongly compact, then there is a premouse that is not tame.
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Bai, Yeon K., Soyoung Lee, and Kaitlin Overgaard. "Critical Review of Theory Use in Breastfeeding Interventions." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 3 (May 17, 2019): 478–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419850822.
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Background: Numerous efforts to promote breastfeeding resulted in a steady increase in the rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Increasing numbers of breastfeeding interventions are focused on breastfeeding maintenance and exclusivity and based on behavioral theories. Few studies critically analyzed the use of theories in breastfeeding intervention development and evaluation. Research aim: The aim of this critical review was to examine the existing literature about breastfeeding intervention, and investigate the role of theory in its development, implementation, and evaluation to provide future directions and implications for breastfeeding interventions. Methods: This critical review examined the existing breastfeeding intervention studies that used self-efficacy theories (SE), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and social cognitive theory (SCT) and were published during the past decade. Using five databases, studies in which researchers explicitly applied these three theories to frame the intervention were selected. Studies were critically reviewed for fidelity to theory in intervention design, delivery, and evaluation. Results: Eighteen studies were reviewed: nine SE-, five TPB-, and four SCT-based. Most interventions were focused on building mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy to improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. To achieve this goal, researchers who developed SE-based interventions used individual approaches, whereas other researchers who based studies on TPB incorporated social and environmental changes. SE-based studies were more likely to include theory-based instruments, but TPB- and SCT-based studies demonstrated less consistent choices of measurement. Researchers in most studies did not test the relationships between the proposed theoretical constructs and breastfeeding outcomes as guided by theories. Inconsistent outcomes resulted among the studies due to variations in study follow-ups. Conclusion: Sound applications of single or multiple theories demonstrate a great potential to help practitioners and researchers develop effective breastfeeding interventions and evaluate true impacts on positive breastfeeding outcomes.
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Murgia, Mauro, and Alessandra Galmonte. "Editorial: The Role of Sound in Motor Perception and Execution." Open Psychology Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101508010171.
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“Perception and action” is one of the main research fields in which experimental psychologists work together with experts of other disciplines, such as medicine, physiotherapy, engineering, and sport. Traditionally, researchers have mainly focused on visual perception and on its influences on motor processes, while less attention has been dedicated to the role of auditory perception. However, in the last decade, the interest towards the influence of sounds on both action perception and motor execution has increased significantly. On the one hand, researchers have been interested in determining how humans can represent motor actions through the sounds associated with movements, as well as which auditory cues are salient for recognizing and discriminating different features of movement [1-10]. On the other hand, researchers have studied how auditory stimuli affect the production of complex movements in different domains [11-21]. The general aim of this special issue is to provide an overview of the relationship between sounds and movements by addressing theoretical, methodological, and applied issues from a multidisciplinary perspective. ORGANIZATION OF THE VOLUME At the beginning of this special issue we report the contributions that deal with theoretical (Steenson & Rodger; Pizzera & Hohmann) and methodological (Dyer, Stapleton & Rodger) issues regarding auditory perception and action. After providing a theoretical and methodological background, we report those contributions that focus on possible applications of auditory training in the domain of sport and exercise psychology (O, Law & Rymal; Sors, Murgia, Santoro & Agostini), rehabilitation (Murgia, Corona, Pili, Sors, Agostini, Casula, Pau & Guicciardi), and motor learning (Effenberg, Schmitz, Baumann, Rosenhahn & Kroeger). In the first article, Steenson and Rodger highlight that despite the fact that sounds are helpful in executing many dayto- day and context-specific movements and skills in everyday life, there is a surprising lack of exploration of this topic in psychological studies. In fact, the authors review the auditory perception literature and note that auditory perception theories mainly describe the rules governing the processing and representation of sounds in memory, and largely disregard the meaning that sounds have to individuals engaged in movement and the subsequent use of movement sounds in movement priming and execution. Steenson and Rodger’s work can be framed in the context of Gibson’s ecological psychology, as they emphasize the role of sound as a very important affordance that we use to interact with our environment. In the second contribution, Pizzera and Hohmann extensively review studies that address the relevance of the mutual interactions between perception and motor control. Again, these authors highlight the scarcity of research on acoustic information, especially when comparing it with the amount of evidence available in the visual domain. Pizzera and Hohmann offer their perspective on the role of auditory information in controlling and integrating the perception and action cycle. The authors present both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence in support of the importance of auditory information in perception and action, and propose valuable suggestions that future investigators should consider in order to advance the state of knowledge in this domain. The methodological contribution of Dyer, Stapleton and Rodger highlights the feasibility of movement sonification as an effective feedback tool for enhancing motor skill learning and performance, particularly in novices. The authors critically discuss the strengths and weaknesses of movement sonification in the context of providing efficient perceptual feedback information to learners. Dyer, Stapleton and Rodger conclude that a well-defined framework for sonification mapping has yet to be established and that there is still need for controlled trials in motor learning. However, the authors do suggest that new technologies relevant to movement sound recording, mapping, and sonification are available to researchers and can facilitate meaningful and much-needed future research on this promising perceptual feedback method. With regards to the possible applications of audio-based interventions, the fourth article of the issue by O, Law, and Rymal provides an overview of imagery and modeling research in sport psychology and motor learning, documenting evidence supporting the cognitive processing similarities between imagery and modeling. Within this background, the authors critically examine the role of the auditory sense in modeling and imagery, analyzing both theoretical issues and empirical evidence. From a bio-informational theory perspective, O, Law, and Rymal offer several examples of potential applications of the deliberate integration of the auditory sense in movement teaching and instruction, but also offer a strong caveat regarding the severe lack of applied research on the auditory sense focused on sport populations, especially in the domain of imagery. In their conclusions the authors propose detailed recommendations for future research. A second contribution on audio-based interventions in sports is provided by Sors, Murgia, Santoro and Agostini. The authors extensively define the concepts of augmented feedback and modeling, and review studies demonstrating the effectiveness of sounds in improving the execution of simple rhythmic motor tasks. Then, Sors and colleagues describe both a theoretical background and neurophysiological evidence illustrating the mechanisms that are possibly influenced by audio-based interventions. Finally, they provide a complete description of the literature on auditory modeling and auditory augmented feedback in sports, specifying the methodological details of previous studies and proposing future directions for both, application and research. In the sixth article, Murgia, Corona, Pili, Sors, Agostini, Casula, Pau and Guicciardi illustrate the perceptual-motor impairments of patients affected by Parkinsons’ disease and new frontiers in assessment and interventions. They extensively review the empirical evidence concerning the Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) method, describing the mechanisms underpinning its effectiveness. The authors propose possible methods for integrating auditory cues into physical therapy interventions as well as assessments. Last, Murgia and colleagues describe the biomechanical advantages of three-dimensional quantitative gait analysis, and discuss the potential impact of the incorporation of ecological footstep sounds in the modulation of patients’ gait. In the seventh and last contribution of this special issue, Effenberg, Schmitz, Baumann, Rosenhahn and Kroeger present a new method based on sonification called “Sound- Script”, which is aimed to facilitate the acquisition of writing. This method consists of the sonification of handwriting, that is, the conversion of physical parameters (i.e., position of the pen, pressure) into movement sounds, which provides children with auditory information which correlates with visual information of their handwriting performance. The authors report pilot data, showing that the multisensory integration elicited by SoundScript leads to a more adequate reproduction of writing kinematics. Effenberg and colleagues conclude by highlighting the potential of this new method and suggesting future steps for research. In sum, we hope that the papers presented in this special issue constitute a useful reference for movement researchers in the field of auditory perception and action, as well as for practitioners in the domains of sport, rehabilitation, and motor learning.
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Hasan, Bassam. "Acceptance of ERP Systems: The Uses and Gratifications Theory Perspective." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 20 (2017): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3905.
Full textAbstract:
Aim/Purpose: This study aims to provide a better understanding of individual acceptance of enterprise resource (ERP) systems. Based on the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and informing science theory, the study developed and empirically tested a research model to explain the effects of ERP characteristics (specifically, informativeness and enjoyment) on ERP acceptance and use. Background: Individual acceptance of ERP systems is crucial for achieving the benefits associated with ERP systems. Unfortunately, little research has focused on acceptance of ERP systems at the individual level. This study attempts to fill this void. Methodology: A survey questionnaire was distributed to ERP users to collect data to empiri-cally test the research model developed in this study. In addition to demographic and background information question, the survey contained instruments to measure the study variables. Contribution: The empirical results show that UGT provides a sound theoretical framework for explaining users’ gratifications, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward adopting and using an ERP. These results support the view that subsumes information systems and other fields that endeavor to inform their audience. Findings: Individuals’ perceptions of the informativeness and entertainment of ERP systems demonstrated strong direct effects on attitude toward using and satisfaction with ERP systems. In turn, satisfaction with ERP systems showed a direct significant impact on intention to use an ERP system. Recommendations for Practitioners: Maintaining a favorable environment and designing training workshops that highlight the information and enjoyment aspects of an ERP can boost users’ perceptions of ERP informativeness and enjoyment and, eventually, improve their attitude and satisfaction with an ERP. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should test the proposed research model with other types of ERP systems and in different environments to enhance the generalizability of the results to other systems and settings. Impact on Society: The results of is study can be used as a foundation on which to develop plans and design strategies to enhance individual acceptance of ERP systems and realize the benefits associated with these systems. Future Research: Future research should extend the research model by integrating other personal and technology variables to provide further insights into what influences individuals to accept or reject an ERP system.
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Bleistein, Norman. "On the imaging of reflectors in the earth." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 7 (July 1987): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442363.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, I present a modification of the Beylkin inversion operator. This modification accounts for the band‐limited nature of the data and makes the role of discontinuities in the sound speed more precise. The inversion presented here partially dispenses with the small‐parameter constraint of the Born approximation. This is shown by applying the proposed inversion operator to upward scattered data represented by the Kirchhoff approximation, using the angularly dependent geometrical‐optics reflection coefficient. A fully nonlinear estimate of the jump in sound speed may be extracted from the output of this algorithm interpreted in the context of these Kirchhoff‐approximate data for the forward problem. The inversion of these data involves integration over the source‐receiver surface, the reflecting surface, and frequency. The spatial integrals are computed by the method of stationary phase. The output is asymptotically a scaled singular function of the reflecting surface. The singular function of a surface is a Dirac delta function whose support is on the surface. Thus, knowledge of the singular functions is equivalent to mathematical imaging of the reflector. The scale factor multiplying the singular function is proportional to the geometrical‐optics reflection coefficient. In addition to its dependence on the variations in sound speed, this reflection coefficient depends on an opening angle between rays from a source and receiver pair to the reflector. I show how to determine this unknown angle. With the angle determined, the reflection coefficient contains only the sound speed below the reflector as an unknown, and it can be determined. A recursive application of the inversion formalism is possible. That is, starting from the upper surface, each time a major reflector is imaged, the background sound speed is updated to account for the new information and data are processed deeper into the section until a new major reflector is imaged. Hence, the present inversion formalism lends itself to this type of recursive implementation. The inversion proposed here takes the form of a Kirchhoff migration of filtered data traces, with the space‐domain amplitude and frequency‐domain filter deduced from the inversion theory. Thus, one could view this type of inversion and parameter estimation as a Kirchhoff migration with careful attention to amplitude.