Academic literature on the topic 'Sound background theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sound background theory"
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BÓDAI, TAMÁS, ALAN J. FENWICK, and MARIAN WIERCIGROCH. "RAY STABILITY FOR BACKGROUND SOUND SPEED PROFILES WITH TRANSITION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 09 (September 2009): 2953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409024578.
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In this paper deep ocean sound propagation through random media is considered. The study is conducted within a ray theory framework, which facilitates the assessment of ray stability. Model ocean environments where there is a gradual transition between two ambient sound speed profiles, a single duct Munk profile and a double duct profile taken in the Eastern North Atlantic are examined. We build on the finding that the ambient sound speed structure controls ray stability [Beron-Vera & Brown, 2003], and extend this statement for sound speed profiles with transition. It is shown that launching basins, plots constructed by the Maximal Lyapunov Exponent and indicating desirable ray launching parameters, can be predicted by the unperturbed ray system using the nonlinearity parameter.
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Choudhury, Sayantan. "Cosmic Microwave Background from Effective Field Theory †." Universe 5, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060155.
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In this work, we study the key role of generic Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework to quantify the correlation functions in a quasi de Sitter background for an arbitrary initial choice of the quantum vacuum state. We perform the computation in unitary gauge, in which we apply the St u ¨ ckelberg trick in lowest dimensional EFT operators which are broken under time diffeomorphism. In particular, using this non-linear realization of broken time diffeomorphism and truncating the action by considering the contribution from two derivative terms in the metric, we compute the two-point and three-point correlations from scalar perturbations and two-point correlation from tensor perturbations to quantify the quantum fluctuations observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) map. We also use equilateral limit and squeezed limit configurations for the scalar three-point correlations in Fourier space. To give future predictions from EFT setup and to check the consistency of our derived results for correlations, we use the results obtained from all classes of the canonical single-field and general single-field P ( X , ϕ ) model. This analysis helps us to fix the coefficients of the relevant operators in EFT in terms of the slow-roll parameters and effective sound speed. Finally, using CMB observations from Planck we constrain all these coefficients of EFT operators for the single-field slow-roll inflationary paradigm.
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Di Scipio, Agostino. "Listening to Yourself through the Otherself: On Background Noise Study and other works." Organised Sound 16, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771811000033.
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In this paper I describe a work of mine, Background Noise Study, as a starting point to raise questions of broader relevance for current artistic practices. Issues are presented in terms varying from technical and specific, to more philosophical and general (system-theory, biocybernetics, ecology). Excursions are made into the music-theoretical (understanding of key issues in the sound arts, such as ‘space’, ‘performance’, ‘form’ or ‘timbre’) and the political (politics of sound, biopolitics of performance and listening).
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Wibowo, Triyan Adi. "Persepsi Pengaturan Sound System pada Pertunjukan Campursari Ringkes di Nogosari, Boyolali." Sorai: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Musik 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/sorai.v12i2.2833.
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A sound system operator at a wedding celebration in Nogosari, Boyolali, has his own perception in addressing the sound management. One of the operators in this area is Dardi. Neither coming from a family of musicians not having academic background in the field of sound engineering, Dardi is capable of operating the sound system to satisfy his listeners with his performance. As a sound system regulator, Dardi has served sound system service providers at celebrations with puppet shows, dangdut, rebana, and campursari. Each performance is carried out with a different setup. Among the differing setups, Dardi is more competent in the setup of campursari shows. Based on the Dardi’s perceptions on sound system regulation, the author is interested in studying the perception of the sound system operator in the sound of campursari music? Based on the findings from the analysis of Dardi's perception as the sound system operator, there are many considerations and adaptations to different places of performance. He initially practiced in the field without being equipped with theory or science, that he tried his best to be approved by following his brother’s workflow. Through this process, he slowly learned and perfected his own amplification setup. His habit of listening to the sounds of various musical instruments also helps sharpen his musical sensitivity. The awareness that was built by Dardi was through empirical experience and instinct for the sounds he heard. This makes his sound system settings always changes instead of being fixed.
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Sadeghi, J., and B. Khanpour. "AdS and QCD with generalized warp factors and stability." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 11 (November 2016): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0090.
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In this paper, we studied the thermodynamic behavior of generalized warp factor for the corresponding AdS metric background. To discuss the stability of the theory we studied thermodynamical properties of generalized metric background. Here also to obtain the quantity of sound for the measure of stability of the system, we need to calculate the energy density and pressure. Such parameters of sound for the properties of stability constrain some conditions on the corresponding theory as θ. We used the corresponding conditions and rewrite the action of theory. The new action give us opportunity to study the AdS black hole and thermally charged AdS black hole.
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Vlasenko, Olga, and Mariia Sokolova. "EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE HUMAN RESOURCES: THE THEORY BACKGROUND." Economics & Education 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-1-6.
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This article is devoted to the peculiarities of human resources evaluation in enterprises. The human resources evaluation has a special place in human resource management, because it allows you to identify the actual situation in an enterprise, find disadvantages and weaknesses in management, so that you can provide recommendations basing on its results. The main purpose of the study was to develop the theoretical principles for assessing human resources, which should establish the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the terms of determining the state of motivation and efficiency for human resources. In the study, the authors stressed on the cyclical nature of human resource management in an enterprise. At the same time, in their opinion, the human resources evaluation takes a special place because it makes all actions passing through the human resources management system. The authors also stressed on the impact of motivation upon an enterprise efficient operation, and including but not limiting to the human resources. They found that motivation has a special relevance for human resource management, and thus is gained by solving such problems as coordination, matching up of the needs and means, motives and goals of human resources and an enterprise as a whole, identification and resolution of emerging contradictions between these goals and needs of human resources and an enterprise. Solving these problems is possible after a comprehensive evaluation of an enterprise’s human resources. The authors propose to conduct a comprehensive evaluation in clearly defined areas: quantitative and qualitative evaluation, evaluation of the motivational state of human resources, and the final stage is to evaluate the efficiency of using Enterprise Human Resources. In the result of such evaluation, the administrative goal of human resource management will be achieved due to adoption of sound administrative decisions; thus, the information goal will be achieved as well, which is that both employees and managers have the opportunity to obtain reliable information about the activities; of course, the motivational goal of evaluation itself is among the most important means of motivating people's behaviour. In the authors’ opinion, their proposed theoretical approach to the evaluation of human resources, which is implemented due to identifying the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources’ motivation and efficiency, will lead to conscious human resource management.
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Mackert, Michael. "Franz Boas’ Theory of Phonetics." Historiographia Linguistica 21, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.21.3.04mac.
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Summary Franz Boas’ (1858–1942) Statements on phonetics can only be appreciated adequately if they are read against the background of 19th-century experimental psychology, acoustics, physiology, and psychophysics. This paper demonstrates that Boas adhered to a theory of phonetics which included a physical and a psychological component. The former component was informed by contemporary ideas on phonetics put forward by Hermann Helmholtz (1821–1894), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), Hermann Paul (1846–1921), and Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887). Within this component, Boas included the production of speech sounds, their acoustical nature, and the mechanical workings of the ear. For Boas, speech-sounds were averages consisting of groups of oscillations which gave each sound its peculiar character. The ear analyzed speech-sounds into their component groups of oscillations, and the resulting sensations were individually transmitted into consciousness. The psychological component of Boas’ theory was influenced by Gustav Fechner’s (1801–1887) psychophysics, and it was initially based on Herbartian psychology. This second component included mental representations (Vorstellungen) of sounds, the process of apperception, and Fechner’s law of thresholds (Schwellengesetz). Boas’ theory presupposed a model of the mind as machine in which the ear was seen as a mechanical extension of the mind. Within this mechanical model of the mind, the recognition of speech-sounds was deterministically governed by the law of thresholds and the process of apperception. The interaction of the law of thresholds with the process of apperception was responsible for the phenomenon of alternating sounds. With the help of his theory, Boas countered positions which considered such seemingly fluctuating sounds as the hallmark of ‘primitive’ languages. In order to distance himself from Heymann Steinthal’s (1823–1899) Eurocentric linguistics, which was rooted in the Herbartian tradition, Boas later abandoned his Herbartian framework in favor of an associationist theory of psychology.
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Masovic, Drasko, and Ennes Sarradj. "Derivation of Lighthill’s Eighth Power Law of an Aeroacoustic Quadrupole in Acoustic Spacetime." Acoustics 2, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics2030035.
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Acoustic spacetime is a four-dimensional manifold analogue to the relativistic spacetime with the reference speed of light replaced by the speed of sound. It has been established primarily for the indirect studies of relativistic phenomena by means of their better understood acoustic analogues. More recently, it has also been used for the analytical treatment of sound propagation in various uniform and non-uniform flows of the background fluid. In this paper the analogy is extended and utilized to derive Lighthill’s eight power law for sound generation of an aeroacoustic quadrupole. Adding to the existing analogue theory, propagating sound waves are described in terms of a weak perturbation of the background acoustic spacetime metric. The obtained result proves that the acoustic analogy can be extended to cover both weak perturbation of the fluid due to the sound waves and certain sound generation mechanisms, at least in incompressible low Mach number flows.
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Gül, Zühre Sü, Ning Xiang, and Mehmet Çalışkan. "Diffusion Equation-Based Finite Element Modeling of a Monumental Worship Space." Journal of Computational Acoustics 25, no. 04 (November 21, 2017): 1750029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x17500291.
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In this work, a diffusion equation model (DEM) is applied to a room acoustics case for in-depth sound field analysis. Background of the theory, the governing and boundary equations specifically applicable to this study are presented. A three-dimensional geometric model of a monumental worship space is composed. The DEM is solved over this model in a finite element framework to obtain sound energy densities. The sound field within the monument is numerically assessed; spatial sound energy distributions and flow vector analysis are conducted through the time-dependent DEM solutions.
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Buczek-Zawiła, Anita. "Phonological Awareness of L1 Systemic Segmental Contrasts among Advanced ESL Speakers with Varied L1 Backgrounds." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 30/2 (September 1, 2021): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.30.2.06.
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The paper explores the phonological awareness of L1 among advanced adult speakers of EFL in the context of L2 pronunciation training. The subjects are students of English with Polish, Spanish, Turkish and Russian L1 background. All subjects have participated in intensive English pronunciation instruction as part of their degree training, in the English Department at the Pedagogical University in Kraków. Two aspects are tar- geted for examination: perception of sound contrasts and awareness of contextual variants in L1, mostly those pertaining to the consonantal and vocalic inventories, all related to their L2 (English) production goals. The material is based on longitudinal examination of course test results over the span of 3 years. The analysis reveals low sound discrimination skills in the subjects’ L1, largely based on letter-to-sound correspondences and inability to see beyond print. Through explicit training in their L2 they become more sensitive to the inventory and the details of their L1 sound system, the awareness they can use to the advantage when targeting L2 sound production.
Books on the topic "Sound background theory"
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Björk, Tomas. Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851615.001.0001.
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The fourth edition of this textbook on pricing and hedging of financial derivatives, now also including dynamic equilibrium theory, continues to combine sound mathematical principles with economic applications. Concentrating on the probabilistic theory of continuous time arbitrage pricing of financial derivatives, including stochastic optimal control theory and optimal stopping theory, the book is designed for graduate students in economics and mathematics, and combines the necessary mathematical background with a solid economic focus. It includes a solved example for every new technique presented, contains numerous exercises, and suggests further reading in each chapter. All concepts and ideas are discussed, not only from a mathematics point of view, but the mathematical theory is also always supplemented with lots of intuitive economic arguments. In the substantially extended fourth edition Tomas Björk has added completely new chapters on incomplete markets, treating such topics as the Esscher transform, the minimal martingale measure, f-divergences, optimal investment theory for incomplete markets, and good deal bounds. There is also an entirely new part of the book presenting dynamic equilibrium theory. This includes several chapters on unit net supply endowments models, and the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross equilibrium factor model (including the CIR equilibrium interest rate model). Providing two full treatments of arbitrage theory—the classical delta hedging approach and the modern martingale approach—the book is written in such a way that these approaches can be studied independently of each other, thus providing the less mathematically oriented reader with a self-contained introduction to arbitrage theory and equilibrium theory, while at the same time allowing the more advanced student to see the full theory in action.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Synaesthetic Overdrive. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses altered states of consciousness in audio-visual media, such as films, psychedelic light shows, and VJ performances. First, some background theory is introduced, explaining the main categories of film sound, and what research tells us regarding the way in which sound influences the perception of visual images and vice versa. Following this background section, a tour is provided through various films that represent altered states of consciousness, including surrealist movies, ‘trance films’, and Hollywood feature films. These demonstrate a progression, where more recent movies are able to make use of digital audio and visual effects to represent the subjective experience of altered states with improved accuracy. Meanwhile, beyond the traditional confines of the cinema, ‘expanded cinema’ works such as visual music, psychedelic light shows, and VJ performances have provided increasingly sophisticated synaesthetic experiences, which are designed to transform the consciousness of their audience.
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Thomson, Marie, and Ian Biddle, eds. Sound, Music, Affect. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501382871.
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Sound, Music, Affect features brand new essays that bring together the burgeoning developments in sound studies and affect studies. The first section sets out key methodological and theoretical concerns, focussing on the relationships between affective models and sound. The second section deals with particular musical case studies, exploring how reference to affect theory might change or reshape some of the ways we are able to make sense of musical materials. The third section examines the politics and practice of sonic disruption: from the notion of noise as 'prophecy', to the appropriation of 'bad vibes' for pleasurable aesthetic and affective experiences. And the final section engages with some of the ways in which affect can help us understand the politics of chill, relaxation and intimacy as sonic encounters. The result is a rich and multifaceted consideration of sound, music and the affective, from scholars with backgrounds in cultural theory, history, literary studies, media studies, architecture, philosophy and musicology.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.003.0001.
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This introduction to Inner Sound: Altered States of Consciousness in Electronic Music and Audio-Visual Media outlines the background, aims, and scope of the book. The chapter begins by introducing altered states of consciousness through a description of visual hallucinations, which may have provided a basis for some of the oldest-known artworks. Next, a brief historical overview of altered states is given, from ancient shamanic traditions and cults, to modern-day use of psychedelic drugs such as LSD. The use of altered states in these contexts has resulted in a variety of associated art, literature, music, films, and video games, which in recent years have been rendered with the aid of new sound and audio-visual technologies. These works provide the main focus of Inner Sound, which explores the relationship of altered states of consciousness with electronic music and audio-visual media, in order to develop a conceptual theory of ‘Altered States of Consciousness Simulations’.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Inner Sound. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.001.0001.
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Inner Sound explores how altered states of consciousness have shaped the design of electronic music and audio-visual media. The book begins by discussing consciousness, and how this may change during states such as dreaming, psychedelic experience, meditation, and trance. Next, a variety of shamanic traditions are reviewed, in order to explore how indigenous societies have reflected visionary experiences through visual art and music. This provides the necessary background from which to consider how analogue and digital audio technologies enable specific capabilities for representing or inducing altered states of consciousness in psychedelic rock, electronic dance music, and electroacoustic music. Developing the discussion to consider sound in the context of audio-visual media, the role of altered states of consciousness in films, visual music, VJ performances, interactive video games, and virtual reality applications is also discussed. Through the analysis of these examples, the author uncovers common mechanisms, and ultimately proposes a conceptual model for ‘Altered States of Consciousness Simulations’. This theoretical model describes how sound can be used to simulate various subjective states of consciousness from a first-person perspective, in an interactive context. Throughout the book, the ethical issues regarding altered states of consciousness in electronic music and audio-visual media are also explored, ultimately allowing the reader to consider not only the design of Altered States of Consciousness Simulations, but also the implications of their use for digital society. In this way, Inner Sound explores the limits of technology for representing and manipulating consciousness, at the frontiers of electronic music and art.
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Römer, Heiner. Acoustic communication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0012.
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This chapter, takes a broad look at insect acoustic communication, by including near-field and far-field sound, as well as substrate vibration, as signals. These mechanical disturbances differ greatly in their physical properties—they propagate in their natural environments over distances that can span from a few millimetres up to several hundred metres. Therefore, background information is provided to understand how the insect sound-emitting systems for the different signals work and in which behavioral contexts they are used. Evidence is also provided to describe the substantial changes signals undergo on their way to receivers, the effects of background noise on communication and how unintended receivers may represent costs in this system. Finally, a short overview of the structure and evolution of the tremendous diversity of sensory receptors is presented.
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d'Inverno, Ray, and James Vickers. Introducing Einstein's Relativity. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862024.001.0001.
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Abstract The aim of this book is to provide the reader with a sound mathematical introduction to Einstein’s theory of relativity, both special relativity and general relativity, as well as an understanding of the physical insights needed to explore the subject and the principles that guided Einstein in his search for the general theory of relativity. A feature of the book is that it has the numerous illustrative diagrams and exercises (of varying degrees of difficulty) which help the reader develop insight and confidence in using the mathematics. The book starts out by introducing special relativity and then the mathematics required for the rest of the book is carefully introduced. The principles underlying general relativity are introduced and it is shown how these lead to the basic field equations. These are then discussed and solved in some simple but physically important situations. The final three sections deal with the major applications of the theory and cover the topics of black holes, gravitational waves, and cosmology. These sections further develop the theory but also relate the theoretical predictions to current observations. These include the recent observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, evidence for supermassive black holes at the centre of most galaxies and the detailed observations of the cosmic microwave background that provide the evidence for modern cosmology.
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Platte, Nathan. “Drama Rising like Mighty Music”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0003.
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Selznick’s move to RKO in 1931 brought the producer in contact with music director Max Steiner. Through their collaborative relationship they defined and directed the role of symphonic underscore in Hollywood. This chapter charts their systematic expansion of background scoring within individual films and the extension of this music beyond films in sheet music and concert performances. Special emphasis is placed on Symphony of Six Million (1932) and the “island-adventure trilogy” of Bird of Paradise (1932), The Most Dangerous Game (1932), and King Kong (1933). Tracking music’s role across these four films reveals how Steiner and Selznick’s experimental use of background scoring creatively reworked silent-era musical practices to produce a widely influential scoring model. Selznick’s RKO productions also feature critical but overlooked contributions from orchestrator Bernhard Kaun, sound engineer Murray Spivack, and African-American choral director Clarence Muse.
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Krumholz Marchette, Lauren, Kristel Thomassin, Jacqueline Hersh, Heather A. MacPherson, Lauren Santucci, and John R. Weisz. Community Mental Health Settings as a Context for Evidence-Based Practice. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.41.
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One avenue for improving access to quality mental health care for children, adolescents, and their families is to provide services in the communities where they live. There has been growing support for the implementation of evidence-based practice in community mental health settings to address the complex needs of diverse young clients. Evidence-based practice encompasses psychometrically sound assessments and empirically supported treatments with appreciation of the culture of communities in which they are provided. This chapter reviews the background of the community mental health movement, describes community mental health settings and the current status of youth evidence-based practices in community care contexts, and explores barriers to and prospects for bringing tested practices for youths into community-based care.
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Reuben, Alex. Reflection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0024.
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I have a background as a DJ and in art and design. I feel there’s a rhythm in a group of people and how they move, a sense of contagion through improvisation and structure passing from one to another, a group experience. My films feature dance and are directed to and by sound. When I DJed, the music spatially cut up the nightclub for me: it created a sculptural sensation, a form, a conjoined physical, emotional weight....
Book chapters on the topic "Sound background theory"
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Kuismin, Anna. "“The Whole World Had the Sound of the Barrel Organ”: Representations of Fairs in Finnish Newspapers and Fiction from the 1870s to the 1910s." In Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960, 199–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_9.
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AbstractThe chapter investigates representations of popular amusements in Finnish newspapers, periodicals, and fiction from the 1870s to the 1910s. Besides the merry-go-rounds, panoramas and exhibitions of exotic animals attracting crowds from the countryside, the entertainers included sellers of broadside ballads. While the latter type of trade was predominantly in the hands of Finnish-speaking men, the barrel organ grinders came from other ethnic backgrounds. The focus of this chapter is on depictions of sellers of songs and on the ways in which they were seen by people who bought their commodities. The period has been called “the golden age of broadside ballads”, during which the culture of creating, selling, and consuming (singing, reading) these texts belonged to the unschooled common people, while the educated writers repeatedly attacked these activities.
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Bolden, Tony. "Sly Stone and the Gospel of Funk." In Groove Theory, 85–116. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830524.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Sly Stone as an organic intellectual, that is, a poet-songwriter, imaginative thinker, and visionary artist whose band, Sly and the Family Stone, played a foundational role in creating funk music and the broader cultural aesthetic that exemplified funk. In this regard, the chapter demonstrates how Stone’s approach to music-making, which was largely determined by his extensive background in gospel, played a vital role in his construction of funk. Combining gospel, blues, jazz, and rock, the Family Stone created a new sound that not only fascinated listeners of rock and rhythm and blues but such acclaimed musicians as Miles Davis and Herbie Hancock as well. In addition, the chapter provides biographical information that contextualizes the artists’ development and illuminates the band’s aesthetic. Finally, the chapter provides key information on groundbreaking bass player Larry Graham and trumpeter Cynthia Robinson as well as detailed commentary on momentous recordings and live performances.
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Bolden, Tony. "Songbird." In Groove Theory, 119–46. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830524.003.0005.
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This chapter examines Khan’s development into a powerhouse singer and talented songwriter as the frontwoman of Rufus. Drawing Khan’s childhood experiences described in her memoir, as well as musicologist Guthrie P. Ramsey, Jr.’s notion of black community theater, the chapter demonstrates how she transposed her rebellious spirit, evidenced briefly during high school as a volunteer worker for the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, into a self-conscious and contrarian artist who epitomized funk aesthetics. As one of the few women funk singers who didn’t have a gospel background or grow up in a musical family, Khan developed a jazz-inflected vocal technique and a singular, Chicago-based, rhythm-and-blues sound that became a funk trademark. At the same time, the chapter demonstrates that Khan’s interpretation of funk as a concept, particularly its nonconformity, which she exemplified in exhilarating eroticism during live performances, proved to be a double-edged sword. While she captivated music fans, Khan battled executives at ABC Records over racialized images of her sexuality.
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McCray, Carissa. "Ethical Theory and Its Application Teaching Marginalized Populations." In Critical Essays on the New Moral Imperative for Supporting Marginalized Students in PK-20 Education, 1–31. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7787-4.ch001.
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This chapter discusses deontological, rights, utilitarian, and virtues ethical theories by analyzing the ethical theories in diverse occupations. Within the background of each ethical theory, a discussion of the historical, social, and personal provides information and characteristics of the theory. Finally, there is a discussion on how the various ethical theories can be applied to marginalized populations to ensure an environment that supports learning and diversity. In maintaining a socially, cultural, and economically sound environment, honest and transparent discussions, professional development, and truthful evaluations should occur to begin cycles anew. As these various ethical theories are implemented, a strong work ethic is required. The implication of these theories is to provide an atmosphere that is equitable, encourages learning, and protects and respects the humanity of others.
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Hankin, David G., Michael S. Mohr, and Ken B. Newman. "Introduction." In Sampling Theory, 1–10. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815792.003.0001.
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Sampling theory concerns itself with development of procedures for random selection of a subset of units, a sample, from a larger finite population, and with how to best use sample data to make scientifically and statistically sound inferences about the population as a whole. The Introduction orients the reader to the essential content and structure of the text, including (a) an overview of the nature and objectives of design-based sampling theory as well an explanation for why we emphasize the design-based approach to sampling, (b) organization of content by chapters, (c) summary of notational conventions adopted throughout, (d) suggestions for instructors using the text for a class, (e) assumed level of mathematics and statistics background expected from readers, and (f) discussion of how this text differs from other published sampling texts. The chapter concludes with a brief review of the history and development of sampling theory, including both the design-based theory (that is stressed in the text), and model-based prediction theory (that is motivated and illustrated in Chapter 7). The Introduction notes that the text presents small sample space numerical illustrations of the performance of many sampling strategies, and that the text adopts a logical and consistent notation which clarifies presentation of sampling theory concepts. The ecological/environmental/natural resources orientation of the text is most evident in problem exercises associated with most chapters, many of which have been motivated by practical resource applications.
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Prince, Peter. "Theory and Practice in Computer-Assisted Vocabulary Learning." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 993–1017. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch047.
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This chapter presents an account of the ongoing development of a vocabulary learning resource, VocPAL (Vocabulary: Progressive Autonomous Learning), for French learners of English in a university context. The chapter describes the background to the resource, its theoretical underpinnings, and its presentation features. These include pictures, sound, an association test, and context sentences forming a story. A questionnaire was administered to college students (N = 115) to assess reactions to VocPAL in an online learning environment. Further insights were gained from interviews with users of the resource. Both questionnaire and interview data suggest that, while the resource is judged favourably overall, improvements can be made to make the story more appealing and to add more interactivity. Results are discussed in terms of future development options, limitations to the study, and some broader issues regarding computer-assisted vocabulary learning.
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Murphet, Julian. "On Not Listening to Modernism." In Sounding Modernism, 19–34. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474416368.003.0002.
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Around the beginning of the twentieth century, there emerged an increasingly prevalent literary trope of a sound that cannot (or should not) be heard. This trope had its correlates in contemporary science and astrophysics, where the universe’s ‘background hum’ was conceptualized to make sense of the persistent radio static that scanners had made audible for the first time. But it also had a background in the literary tradition: Keats’ ‘spirit ditties of no tone’, Kleist’s ‘St Cecelia’s Day’, even the plugging of the oarsmen’s ears in Homer’s Odyssey. This chapter considers the proliferation of this trope in light of contemporary research into sound theory and the instrumentalization of sense perception in modernity, before turning more pointedly to think through the repercussions of Lacan’s il n’y a de cause que ce qui cloche in relation to ontology and the history of listening. It then examines in some detail the two writers – Kafka and Lovecraft – who, more than any others, sought a literary aesthetic adequate to grappling with this sound that cannot or should not be heard.
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Fowler, Alastair. "Introduction." In Remembered Words, 1–3. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856979.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides a brief background of three schools of literary criticism: New Criticism, structuralism, and deconstruction. These three schools exposed serious concerns, emphasizing neglected aspects of literature. The chapters in this book focus on genre, realism, and relations with visual art. Concepts of genre figure in any sound literary theory. Meanwhile, chapters on realism demonstrate how the development of representation, far from being one of steadily improving verisimilitude, has gone through several distinct sorts of realism. They distinguish medieval and Renaissance realisms from the realism of pre-modern novels. Finally, chapters on visual art consider how conventions of visual art offer essential parallels with those of literature. The ‘sister arts’ display many family resemblances—obviously so in imagery, less obviously in their strategies of realism. The essays also look at emblems and emblematic poems.
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Chalkou, Maria. "Theo Angelopoulos as Film Critic." In The Cinema of Theo Angelopoulos. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748697953.003.0001.
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This chapter examines Theo Angelopoulos' work as a film critic, focusing on the ways in which he was invested in cinema — personally, professionally, intellectually and aesthetically — even before stepping into the role of filmmaker. The time frame of Angelopoulos' critical activity is particularly intriguing since the 1960s were the formative years of New Greek Cinema. The chapter considers Angelopoulos' film criticism for the newspaper Democratic Change during the turbulent but creative pre-dictatorship 1960s. It explores unknown aspects of Angelopoulos' cinéphile background and how his criticism relates to his eventual ideas on cinema and filmmaking practices. It also discusses Angelopoulos' introduction of auteur theory in his very first review, how he was influenced by fellow filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard, the importance of form and temporality in his work, his interest in film performance and sound, and his discourse on Greek national cinema.
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Young, Eric D., and Donata Oertel. "Cochlear Nucleus." In Handbook of Brain Microcircuits, edited by Gordon M. Shepherd and Sten Grillner, 415–24. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636111.003.0035.
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Neuronal circuits in the brainstem convert the output of the ear, which carries the acoustic properties of ongoing sound, to a representation of the acoustic environment that can be used by the thalamocortical system. Most important, brainstem circuits reflect the way the brain uses acoustic cues to determine where sounds arise and what they mean. The circuits merge the separate representations of sound in the two ears and stabilize them in the face of disturbances such as loudness fluctuation or background noise. Embedded in these systems are some specialized analyses that are driven by the need to resolve tiny differences in the time and intensity of sounds at the two ears and to resolve rapid temporal fluctuations in sounds like the sequence of notes in music or the sequence of syllables in speech.
Conference papers on the topic "Sound background theory"
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O¨g˘u¨c¸, Mete. "Historical Progression of Mathematizing Vibro-Acoustic Problems." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24502.
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Some of celebrated geometers whom are acknowledged as to be the pioneers of scientific revolution have worked on acoustics and modeling of vibration of structures. They made great contributions on both the physical understanding and the mathematical modeling of these phenomena. The historical stream of physical understanding of sound propagation, foundations of the mathematical background of vibration mechanics and the instruments that reinforced the conceived theory of acoustics led to the advanced concept of modern vibro-acoustic engineering. A historical investigation is made on the early engineering approaches on vibro-acoustic engineering problems to comprehend the evolution of acoustic engineering and its place in modern era.
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Grewal, Parvind Kaur, Hossein Mansour, Siamak Arzanpour, and Farid Golnaraghi. "A Comparative Study to Measure Audible Release (Crepitus) From Human Joints." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39367.
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Non-impulse and Impulse based therapy approaches are often preferred over surgery because they are non-invasive. These techniques are often accompanied by audible release (crepitus) from the human joints. The sounds emitted by a damaged joint can be correlated with an ailment, which can provide more information to a practitioner and improve the success of the treatment. However, background noise is usually mixed with the captured sound, which can affect the quality of diagnosis. Cumbersome setup is another problem in widespread use of audio-based treatment methods. The goal of this study is to design a compact clinical tool to excite and capture crepitus, while eliminating the background noise. In this regard, three different sensors — an accelerometer, a condenser microphone, and a contact microphone — are utilized to record crepitus, and they are compared with one another based on their noise content, ease of use, and cost efficiency. The results of this study showed that contact microphone is the most suitable sensor for this purpose. Based on this selection, a compact design is suggested for the clinical tool, which includes a contact microphone.
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Fricke, Leonard, Jurij Kuzmic, and Igor Vatolkin. "Suppression of Background Noise in Speech Signals with Artificial Neural Networks, Exemplarily Applied to Keyboard Sounds." In 14th International Conference on Neural Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011537400003332.
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Won Gu, Ji, Ji-Hoon Hwang, Ryun-Seok Oh, and Jun-Ho Choi. "Analysis of Pre-evacuation Time and EEG for Fire Alarm when Wearing ANC Earphones." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002638.
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With the development of mobile technology and the progress of an Untact society, the number of people who listen to lectures or music in various urban environments is increasing. In response to such an increase in demand, Active Noise Canceling(ANC) earphones that remove ambient background noise or static and also enable stable listening have been developed, and the earphones are enjoying great popularity. However, these ANC earphones can put the user in a dangerous situation at any time because they block even major alarm sounds such as a car horn or fire alarm. In this study, 10 men and women in their 20s, who frequently use ANC earphones, were asked to listen to music by wearing ANC earphones without prior notification of the fact that a fire alarm sound was transmitted. After that, the fire alarm bell or emergency broadcast sound was randomly generated for them to recognise the fire situation, and the time it took to start evacuation was measured. And in all these processes, EEG was simultaneously measured to analyse changes in emotions such as arousal responses felt by the experimental participants As a result of the experiment, it was found that the case of transmitting an emergency broadcast made the participants start evacuation approximately 23 seconds faster than the case of sounding the fire alarm bell. However, as a result of correlation analysis with EEG values indicating arousal responses such as tension, irritability, and nervousness, the significance probability(p-value) was 0.825, indicating that there is no statistically significant correlation. Therefore, it was found that the participants’ awareness of the fire alarm sound decreased when wearing ANC earphones regardless of the types of the fire alarm whether it was an alarm bell or an emergency broadcast.
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Gifford, Toby. "Tuning Into The Task: Sonic Environmental Cues And Mental Task Switching." In The 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2016.039.
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This position paper suggests a novel approach to enhancing productivity for professionals whose core business is deep thinking, by manipulation of the sonic environment. Approaching the issue from the perspective of sound-design, it proposes the composition and algorithmic generation of background soundscapes that promote a psychological state of flow [1], and can become mentally associated with particular tasks through exposure, so as to facilitate task switching by switching soundscapes. These background soundscapes are intended to mask distracting clatter, oppressive quiet, and other suboptimal sonic environments frequently encountered in office workplaces. Consequently, I call them active-silences— soundscapes designed to be not heard, although they may be relatively loud. The most commonly used active-silence is white noise, though there are surprisingly diverse other approaches to crafting active-silence. This variety suggests the possibility of training associations that pair distinct active-silences with distinct mental tasks.
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Kallinen, Kari. "Using Sounds to Present and Manage Information in Computers." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2687.
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The auditive modality, such as speech, signals and natural sounds, is one of the most important ways to present and communicate information. However, in computer interfaces the possibilities of auditive modality have been almost totally neglected. Usually the audio consists of simple signals (beeps and clicks) or background music. The present paper outlines some of the possibilities in presenting and managing information in computers by using audio from the perspective of the semiotic theory of signs. Auditive interfaces can be especially useful for people with visual or kinaesthetic disabilities, as well as in places and with devices when the visual-kinaesthetic using of the machine is difficult, for example while on the move or with small display devices.
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Carreres, M., L. M. García-Cuevas, J. García-Tíscar, and M. Belmar-Gil. "Spectral Analysis of an Aeronautical Lean Direct Injection Burner Through Large Eddy Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14998.
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Abstract During the last decades, many efforts have been invested by the scientific community in minimising exhaust emissions from aeronautical gas turbine engines. In this context, many advanced ultra-low NOx combustion concepts, such as the Lean Direct Injection treated in the present study, are being developed to abide by future regulations. Numerical simulations of these devices are usually computationally expensive since they imply a multi-scale problem. In this work, a non-reactive Large Eddy Simulation of a gaseous-fuelled, radial-swirled Lean-Direct Injection (LDI) combustor has been carried out through the OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code by solving the complete inlet flow path through the swirl vanes and the combustor. The geometry considered is the gaseous configuration of the CORIA LDI combustor, for which detailed measurements are available. Macroscopical analysis of the main turbulent features related to the swirling flow and the generated Central Recirculation Zone (CRZ) are well established in the literature. Nevertheless, a more in-depth characterization is still required in this area of active research since theory and experimental data are not yet able to predict which unstable mode dominates the flow. This work aims at using Large Eddy Simulation for a complete characterisation of the unsteady flow structures generated within the combustion chamber of a gaseous methane injection immersed in a strong non-reactive swirling flow field. To do so, a spectral analysis of the flow field is performed to identify the frequency, intensity and instabilities associated to the phenomena occurring at the swirler outlet region. A coherent structure known as Precessing Vortex Core (PVC) is identified both at the inner and the outer shear layers, resulting in a periodic disturbance of the pressure and velocity fields. The pressure and velocity fluctuations predicted by the CFD code are used to compute the spectral signatures through the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) amplitude at multiple locations. This allows investigating both the complex behaviour of the PVC and its associated acoustic phenomena. The acoustic characteristics computed by the numerical model are first validated qualitatively by comparing the spectrum with available experimental data. In this way, the use of dimensionless numbers to characterise the most energetic structures is coherent with the experimental observations and the characteristics of the PVC. Then, the numerical identification of the main acoustic modes in the chamber through Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) allows overcoming the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) shortcomings and better understanding the propagation of the hydrodynamic instability perturbations. This investigation on the main non-reacting swirling flow structures inside the combustor provides a suitable background for further studies on combustion instability mechanisms.
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Niino, Yukihito, Toshihiko Shiraishi, and Shin Morishita. "Blind Source Separation Using a Neural Network." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67305.
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Humans are able to well recognize mixtures of speech signals produced by two or more simultaneous speakers. This ability is known as cocktail party effect. To apply the cocktail party effect to engineering, we can construct novel systems of blind source separation such as current automatic speech recognition systems and active noise control systems under environment noises. A variety of methods have been developed to improve the performance of blind source separation in the presence of background noise or interfering speech. Considering blind source separation as the characteristics of human, artificial neural networks are suitable for it. In this paper, we proposed a method of blind source separation using a neural network. The present neural network can adaptively separate sound sources on training the internal parameters. The network was three-layered. Sound pressure was output from two sound sources and the mixed sound was measured with two microphones. The time history of microphone signals was input to the input layer of neural network. The two outputs of hidden layer were corresponding to the two sound pressure separated respectively. The two outputs of output layer were corresponding to the two microphone signals expected at next time step and compared with the actual microphone signals at next time step to train the neural network by a backpropagation method. In this procedure, the signal from each sound source was adaptively separated. There were two conditions of sound source, sinusoidal signals of 440 and 1000 Hz. In order to assess the performance of neural network numerically and experimentally, a basic independent component analysis (ICA) was conducted simultaneously. The results obtained are as follows. The performance of blind separation by the neural network was higher than the basic ICA. In addition, the neural network can successfully separate the sound source in spite of the position of sound sources.
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Lin, Jiewei, Rui Zhang, Qidi Zhou, Junhong Zhang, and Gengyi Lin. "Research on Tone Quality for Vehicles Considering the Masking Effect." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72907.
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Abstract Sound quality (SQ) plays important role in automobile competitiveness, in which the high frequency characteristics of tones are prominent when internal combustion engines are replaced by fuel cells or batteries. Hence, it is of great significance to explore the influence of tones on the SQ of such electric vehicles. At the moment, the prominence of tones is concerned but the influence of tones in different frequency ranges is not comprehensively considered. Meanwhile, there are some researches on the masking effect of background noise, but they are insufficient. To address these issues, the SQs of four types of vehicles (van, SUV, pure electric car, fuel cell heavy truck) are studied. The prominence ratio (PR) is found to be effective in the evaluation of tones SQ. The influence of tones on subjective evaluation is explored from two dimensions of “audible” and “irritable”. The results show that whether tones can be “audible” and “irritable” are related to the masking effect of background noise and the frequency distribution. Meanwhile, the PR limits of tones are obtained in different frequencies under various working conditions and operating modes.
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Araragi, Takayuki, Masaki Nagata, Yasuhiro Uenishi, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, and Masaya Miyazawa. "Design Approach of Gear Teeth Number for Vehicle Transmission Considering Human Aural Characteristics." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86628.
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The principal method for reducing meshing transmission error has been to design the gear with as many teeth as possible. However, while such design methods have focused on decreasing gear noise, they have not considered the relationship between gear noise and the background noise of vehicle interiors. Therefore, we propose a new design method of low noise gear that is based on human aural characteristics. The proposed method is a gear design that controls the frequency of the gear noise by changing the number of tooth. First, human aural characteristics were researched in a special acoustic environment in a vehicle. Second, the characteristics of vehicle interior sound were investigated. Third, the relationship between the number of teeth and the sound level of the gear noise was investigated. Finally, we demonstrated that the design of our proposed method, which was effective due to the design of optimum number of gear teeth considering human aural characteristics. It was able to be proven that the case of advancement of vehicle interior sound is achieved by considering human aural characteristic.
Reports on the topic "Sound background theory"
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.