Journal articles on the topic 'Soul – early works to 1800'
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1
Strungytė-Liugienė, Inga. "Johanno Arndto Rojaus Darǯelio maldų redagavimo istorija (1807–1817)." Archivum Lithuanicum, no. 23 (December 31, 2021): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/26692449-23005.
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The History of Revisions of Prayers in Johann Arndt’s ROJAUS DARǮELIS (1807 – 1817) S u m m a r y Johann Arndt (1555–1621), the German theologian and next-generation religious reformer is the author of the uniquely successful prayer book titled Paradiesgärtlein (Magdeburg,1612). The first known Lithuanian translation of Arndt’s Paradiesgärtlein appeared in early 19th century in Prussian Lithuanian. It was published in 1807 by the widow of Gottlieb Lebrecht Hartung, a printer from Königsberg. This article aims to reveal the history of revisions of six prayers from Johann Arndt’s Rojaus Darelis (The Garden of Paradise) that were first published in Königsberg in 1807. The goal is to show the revision trends and content transformations Arndt’s texts underwent in the second, 1816 Königsberg edition of Rojaus Darǯelis, the 1816 Tilsit edition, and the unofficial 1817 conventiclers’ (Lith. surinkimininkai) hymnal Wiſſokies Naujes Gieſmes arba Ewangelißki Pſalmai (Tilsit). The analysis of the prayers has shown that the language of the hymnal Rojaus Darelis (Königsberg, 1807) is rather grounded on the standard of the official ecclesiastical and philological papers of Prussian Lithuania: the prevalent southern subdialect of the Western Aukštaitians of Prussian Lithuania. It is dominated by rather stable normative elements of morphology and diacritic orthography, as evidenced in the philological written works of the period: the grammars of the Lithuanian language by Gottfried Ostermeyer (1791) and Christian Gottlieb Mielcke (1800). The only identifiable non-grammatical orthography trait is the ending -ęs that sometimes appears in the acc. sg. endings of feminine adjectives, pronouns, and numerals. A comparison of the prayers from Rojaus Darǯelis that were published in Königsberg in 1807 and in 1816 has revealed that the texts had remained stable and free from major or significant revisions content-wise. This edition is even more consistent in its placement of the stress-marks than the one before. Efforts are made to keep up with the standard trend of spelling and language that prevailed in the official printed texts (grammars) of Prussian Lithuanian. It has been established that the making of the new edition of Rojaus Darelis published by the printing house of Johann Heinrich Post in Tilsit in 1816 relied on the Königsberg edition that had been released earlier that year. This is evidence in the morphological and lexical revisions that had been carried over. Structurally, the prayers in the 1816 Tilsit edition had remained intact. There were a little bit more orthography and syntactic differences compared to the 1816 Königsberg edition. It is probable that the Tilsit edition had had an effect on the preparation of Arndt’s prayers that were later featured in Wiſſokies Naujes Gieſmes arba Ewangelißki Pſalmai, a hymnal by Kristijonas Endrikis Mertikaitis (Tilsit, 1817). Nonetheless, it is the 1816 Königsberg edition (or the prior 1807 edition) that is to be considered the original source of the prayers published in Mertikaitis’s hymnal. It was in Wiſſokies Naujes Gieſmes arba Ewangelißki Pſalmai by Kristijonas Endrikis Mertikaitis (Tilsit, 1817) that Arndt’s prayers underwent the greatest extent of transformation. Contrary to the Königsberg or Tilsit editions mentioned in this article, this edition is teeming with differences on all sorts of levels: orthography, phonetics, morphology, lexis, word formation, and syntax. Analysis of the relationship between the sources shows that Mertikaitis’s hymnal did not try to follow the widely recognised grammatical usage. This unconventional approach most probably was the product of Mertikaitis’s savvy of the period language and lack of literacy. It is worth mentioning that Mertikaitis was not a man of academic or spiritual elite, but rather a vibrant preacher of the home-prayer service and schoolteacher who tended to pastoral care, matters of saving his own soul and those of the others as well as eternal life, someone who did not see making language more grammatically correct and standard-compliant as an important part of his earthly concern.
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Petrov, Philipp. "Augustine's Literary Legacy as Research Focus in Contemporary Scholarship." Hypothekai 8 (May 2024): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2024-8-8-135-167.
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The views on the soul in the philosophical-theological thought of Au-relius Augustine (354–430 AD) hold a special place. When considering practically any of his teachings—whether it be his doctrine on the cosmos, time, memory, the relationship between free will and divine predestination, or his philosophy of history and pedagogy—we are inevitably compelled to take them into account or directly engage with them. His works are also associated with the so-called "psychologism" of Augustine, a concept high-lighted by numerous scholars delving into his truly vast creative heritage. The purpose of this paper is to explore the research devoted to the concepts of the soul (both individual and cosmic) in the works of Augustine or related to them. Additionally, it aims to identify works that address the issue of how Augustine's ideas about the soul were perceived in the early Middle Ages, using Cassiodorus [c. 487 – c. 578 AD] as an example. The studies, which encompass the aspects of Augustine’s psychological conception, are examined according to thematic principles, and divided into the following groups: (I) Studies dedicated to the exploration of Augustine’s cosmology, human existence, and soul (Among them: “Augustine’s Philosophy of Mind” by Gerard O’Daly [1987]; “Augustine: Ancient Thought Baptized” by J. Rist [1994]; “The World-Soul and Time in St. Augustine” [1983] and “Augus-tine’s Theory of Soul” [2003] by Roland Teske, and others). (II) Works demonstrating the influence of early teachings, traditions, and texts on Augustine (for example, “The Divine Sense: The Intellect in Patris-tic Theology” [2007] by Anna Williams and “Memory in Plotinus and Two Early Texts of St. Augustine” [1976] by Gerard O’Daly, among others). (III) Studies focused on the examination of individual works of Augustine with regard to their psychological aspects (Including: “An Analysis of Saint Augustine’s De immortalitate animae” [1980] and “The Fall of the Soul in Saint Augustine: A Quaestio Disputata” [1986] by Richard Penaskovic; “Augustine, Conf. IX, 10, 24” [1958] by John Taylor, and others). (IV) Papers indicating Cassiodorus’s reception and assimilation of Au-gustine’s teachings on the soul (e.g., e.g. “The Manuscripts of Cassiodorus’ De anima” [1959] by J.W. Halporn; “Cassiodoro e la grecità” [1986] by A. Garzya, “Il sottofondo culturale del De anima di Cassiodoro” [1995] by R. Masulo, etc.).
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Raspopov, Evgenii, Tetiana Lishchuk-Torchynska, and Yuliia Yemelianova. "Historical and philosophical meanings of the idea of immortality in early Christianity." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 18, no. 2 (2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2021.18.12.
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Immortalism in historical and philosophical manifestation is one of the central categories of philosophical anthropology, the relevance of with persists over the centuries. The study of various aspects of individual human immortality in scientific research goes beyond the classical philosophical paradigms and becomes the object of new scientific schools and areas of research, including cryonics, bioethics, gerontology, etc. Despite this fact, the historical and philosophical retrospection of this problem does not disappear from the range of discovery of new scientific interpretations and approaches to understanding the essence of the problem of immortality. The main focus of the study is on the ideological heritage of early Christianity. Christianity as a world religion has played a significant role in transformation of the collective and national consciousness of European peoples. The fundamental principles of the formation of immortological guidelines are closely connected with Christianity, in particular, with the idea of the immortality of the soul. Despite the absence of a clear dogma about the immortality of the soul in early Christianity, with was repeatedly emphasized in the works of such researches as K. Lamont, I. Sventsitskaya [based on a materialistic understanding of being), as well as Z. Kosidovski, M. Kublanov, A. Kuraev [based on the theological approach], the problem of the immortality of the soul in the process of the transformation of Christianity has become the main platform of the doctrine. Since the appearance of canonical gospel texts, as well as early apologetic works, the concept of the immortality of the soul is presented as an element brought from non-Christian ideas, in particular in the works of Arnobius, Tatian, Theophylact, Origen of Alexandria. The idea of the immortality of the soul has acquired a clear formulation in the depths of classical Greek philosophical thought, in particular, in Plato's numerous dialogues, the work of Aristotle, as well as in the work of the Neoplatonists. Despite the ideological opposition of Christianity to ancient philosophy, the cosmogony of with differed from Christian doctrine, the influence of ancient ideas about the immortality of the soul significantly iffluenced the foundations of the Christian worldview.
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Muneba Khalaf Mohameed. "Kate Chopin's Portrait of a Wife as a Free Woman in The Story of an Hour." مجلة آداب الفراهيدي 14, no. 50 (July 15, 2022): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51990/jaa.14.50.2.28.
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Kate Chopin a famous female writer who wrote about the domestic oppression of woman. She stood up for woman rights through her controversial works. Her works were greatly criticized in her time period. In 1800's the cultural norm was for woman feel tremendously grievous, and distraught over the death of her husband. Because woman’s worth based on who she was married to. The Story of an Hour, Chopin shows us a social situation of times with the woman as prisoner of her husband and the independence was a forbidden pleasure for her. She mentioned that Mrs. Mallards was trapped in her marriage she is coerced by her society to marry despite what she wants to do in her heart and soul. This story of a woman who finds out of her husband has died in an accident, she reacts in sadness at first but then realizes in a rush of emotion and relief that she is free body and soul. Chopin uses special forms of imagery which reveal the psychological strains of someone who is underrated by s social expectations. She shows the gradual transformation from a grieving, repressed wife to a free woman with new mood.
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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid, and Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. "Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800." Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.
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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Puschaev, Yuriy V. "Lukács and Dostoevsky: Reading Dostoevsky as a Milestone on the Road to Bolshevism." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 7 (2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-7-38-49.
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The article is devoted to the influence of the interpretation of the works of the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky on early Lukacs in the pre-revolutionary years. Reading Dostoevsky’s works played an important role in his transition to the position of Bolshevism. The early Lukacs emphasized that Dostoevsky instructed his atheist heroes to express their real position. Through the prism of these heroes, he interpreted the problem of revolutionary terrorism, drawing on the works of B. Savinkov. The early Lukacs also saw the greatness of Dostoevsky in the fact that he was the first in world literature to turn to the “reality of the soul”, began to describe it, while ordinary external life (social ties, social status, etc.), although generated by the soul, is secondary and insignificant. These ideas of the early Lukacs are a kind of precursor to his future Marxist ideas of reification and alienation. The early Lukacs vehemently denies inauthentic ordinary life, but this denial is still metaphysically existential. After his “leap” into a new faith, Lukacs interprets what he previously understood as “inauthentic life” through the prism of early Marx, dialectically and socially-historically, through the categories of “reification”, the socialist revolution, and the proletariat as a privileged subject-object of world history. For Lukacs, the Marxist, the true reality will no longer be the individual soul, but the social totality and practice. However, it is characteristic that Lukacs’ path to unconditional acceptance of the philosophy of Marxism and Bolshevism lay, among other things, through his fascination with the work of Dostoevsky
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Špelda, Daniel. "Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)." Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, no. 4 (November 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.
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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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Walsh, Brendan C. "‘Physicians of the Soul’: Clerical Responses to Demonic Temptation and Possession in Early Modern Reformed English Protestant Theology." Parergon 40, no. 1 (2023): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2023.a905415.
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Abstract: Recent scholarship has highlighted the centrality of demonic temptation (to commit sin) in early modern Reformed English Protestantism. This article develops this argument further by examining the manifestation of, and the clerical response to, demonic possession in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England. Demonic possession is framed here as an expression of intense conflict with demonic temptation: a reading that emphasises the spiritual effects of this affliction on the soul. Moreover, it presents English clergymen—particularly those of Puritan convictions—as predominantly concerned with treating the effects of demonic temptation on the soul. In this role, they thereby fashioned themselves as ‘physicians of the soul’. Through examining a range of early modern English works of practical divinity, demonology, and demonic possession, this article establishes the broader ‘Godly’ concern with demonic temptation, along with how this concern shaped their conceptualisation of demonic assault and spiritual healing.
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O'loughlin, T., and H. Conrad-O'Briain. "The ‘baptism of tears’ in early Anglo-Saxon sources." Anglo-Saxon England 22 (December 1993): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004312.
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In an article published in 1986 Michael Lapidge1 noted the occurrence of the term Umbrensium (from Humbrenses/Umbrenses) in both the U-text of Theodore's Indicia2 and the anonymous, eighth-century Whitby Vita S. Gregorii.3 This is by no means the only point of contact between the two works. Perhaps the most memorable episode in the Vita S. Gregorii is that of Gregory's weeping for the soul of Trajan, his tears having the effect of baptizing the dead emperor.
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Hasse, Dag Nikolaus. "The Early Albertus Magnus and his Arabic Sources on the Theory of the Soul." Vivarium 46, no. 3 (2008): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853408x360902.
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AbstractAlbertus Magnus favours the Aristotelian definition of the soul as the first actuality or perfection of a natural body having life potentially. But he interprets Aristotle's vocabulary in a way that it becomes compatible with the separability of the soul from the body. The term “perfectio” is understood as referring to the soul's activity only, not to its essence. The term “forma” is avoided as inadequate for defining the soul's essence. The soul is understood as a substance which exists independently of its actions and its body. The article shows that Albertus' terminological decisions continue a tradition reaching from the Greek commentators, and John Philoponos in particular, to Avicenna. Albertus' position on another important issue is also influenced by Arabic sources. His defense of the unity of the soul's vegetative, animal and rational parts rests on arguments from Avicenna and Averroes. It is shown that Averroes' position on the problem is not clearcut: he advocates the unity thesis, but also teaches the plurality of the generic and individual forms in man. This double stance is visible in the Latin reception of Averroes' works, and also in Albertus, who presents Averroes both as supporter and opponent of the plurality thesis.
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Bowers, Katherine. "Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.
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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying, classifying, and analysing the provenance of Russian corporate Radcliffe works reveals insight into the transnational circulation of texts and the role of copyright law within it, the nature of the early nineteenth-century Russian book market, the rise of popular reading and advertising in Russia, and the gendered nature of critical discourse at this time. The Russian corporate Radcliffe assures the legacy and influence of Radcliffe in later Russian literature and culture, although a Radcliffe that represents much more than just the English author. Exploring the Russian corporate Radcliffe expands our understanding of early nineteenth-century Russian literary history through specific case studies that demonstrate the significant role played by both women writers and translation, an aspect of this history that is often overlooked.
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Marshev, Vadim. "Formation of management thought in Russia and early USSR from the 1800s to the 1920s." Journal of Management History 25, no. 3 (October 11, 2019): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-12-2018-0068.
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Purpose During the first quarter of the twentieth century in Russia rapidly developed management thought, generated by many reasons, including socio-economic and political transformations, the results of scientific and practical activities of domestic and foreign experts in management. The purpose of this paper is, first, to acquaint readers with some of factors of the development of the history of Russian Management Thought in nineteenth century and at the beginning of twentieth century and, second, to present the most striking results of the formation of the History of Soviet Management Thought (SMT) in post-revolutionary Russia in the form of the movement of the so-called “The scientific organization of labor” (SOL), including “The scientific organization of managerial labor” (or SOML). Design/methodology/approach The review and causal analysis of the process of formation of the SMT and historiography of the SMT, a brief description of the institutions of SOL and SOMT and a comparative analysis of little-known works of some Russian authors on management topics of nineteenth century are chosen as research methods. Findings The paper emphasizes the action of objective historical inertia (or “non-Markoviness”) of the process of development of managerial thought, manifested, on the one hand, in the stable action of some management paradigms but, on the other hand, in identifying paradigmatic anomalies, in identifying the need for constant development of managerial thought, in the development of sought-after ideas and concepts of management, and even in the institutionalization of applied scientific research in the field of management throughout the country (in the form of SOL and SOML). Originality/value The paper attempts to attract the attention of researchers to the little-known Russian and Soviet authors and their little-known works in the field of management thought.
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Chernenko, Olha, Olena Malenko, Kostiantyn Holoborodko, Yuliia Bozhko, and Olena Shaposhnikova. "Christian Concepts in the Works by the Ukrainian Poet Viktor Boiko." Revista Amazonia Investiga 14, no. 75 (March 30, 2024): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.75.03.27.
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The article aims to analyse the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the implementation of elements of Christian concepts “God” and “Soul” in the language of poetry by Viktor Boiko – Ukrainian artist of the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. A comprehensive qualitative analysis is employed to study the peculiarities of verbalization of numerous semantic planes of the mentioned concepts in the works by Viktor Boiko. It has been found that in the Ukrainian language space elements of the Christian conceptsphere are realised in biblical, folklore and linguistic interpretation, in semiotic and verbal planes, in synchronic and diachronic aspects and are accordingly reflected in the language of Ukrainian writers. It has been concluded that the elements of the concepts of “God” and “Soul” are a part of the linguistic picture of the world of any ethnic group, which manifests the language of poets who show their attitude to a higher power as a protector and interlocutor. That is why Viktor Boiko, as a Ukrainian poet, syncretically combining patriotism and lyrics, politics and everyday motives, satire and good humour in his works, looking for certain trends in the universe, turns to Christian concepts within the framework of “quiet poetry”.
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Azizaliyeva, Besire. "The Influence of Indian Literary-Philosophical and Religious Works on the Eastern Literature." European Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v8i1.p44-49.
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The religious and philosophical elements expressed in ancient Indian literature have had great influences on world literature. One notable example is the ancient Indian piece, "Panchatantra". This magnificent written work ofworld literature has become one of the most famous and influential works in the development of the European and Asian story genre. The Indian masterpiece has also influenced the Arabic-American immigration writer, Kahlil Gibran. Thus, the impress of Indian scripturecan be seen in many of Gibran’s works such as "The Prophet". The philosophical and religious teachings of the "Bhagavad Gita" have had an impactful role in M. Naimy’s development as an Arabic immigration writer. Mikhail Naimy, a poet, writer and a literary critic, was one of the prominent representatives of the early 21st century Arab-American immigrant literature. When conveying the idea of wholeness and unity between an individual soul and God in his work, “The Book of Mirdad”, the author used different religious and philosophical sources including the ancient Indian scripture Bhagavat-Gita. The concepts such as an eternal soul, “I”, a God’s messenger are very similar in “The Book of Mirdad” and the Indian religious-philosophical teachings. M.Naimy has accented the importance of issues that reflect many of the ancient Indian beliefs expressed in the "Bhagavad Gita" including the material sides of world and divinity, vision, soul, and spirit. The ancient Indian beliefs of "The People are Raised to the God’s level” are distinctively reflected by M. Naimy in his novel "The Book of Mirdad".
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Grudinina, Elena Valeryevna. "JESUS CHRIST’S IMAGE TRANSFORMATION IN THE WORKS BY A. BLOK: FROM EARLY WORKS TO THE POEM “THE TWELVE”." Neophilology, no. 16 (2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2018-4-16-54-64.
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We present the analysis the image of Jesus Christ in the early lyric poetry and the final chapters of the poem “The Twelve” by A. Blok from the point of view of Orthodox spiritual thought. The study allows us to conclude that the poet, despite the specific creative manner of symbolism, very accurately conveys in his early works not only the crisis perception of the world, typical of society at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but also a deep personal insight into the essence of Orthodox faith. As a result of comparing the image of Christ in the analyzed lyric works with the final image in the poem “The Twelve”, which received many different interpretations in critical literary practice, as well as the writings of philosophers and theologians, we conclude that Alexander Blok with his fine poetic ear and spiritual vision, astonishing accuracy portrayed the moral emptiness of people who had created an idol for themselves from a false idea. The element of destruction, the whirlwind of snow, which gave rise to the “tender” image of the false Christ, in fact poses a mortal danger to the human soul.
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Ståhle Sjönell, Barbro. "Det tidiga 1800-talets svenska novellistik." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10840.
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Swedish Short Stories in the Early 19th Century. Publication and Subgenres
The present study of Swedish short stories published between the years 1810 and 1829 illustrates that authors representing the Romantic Movement made special efforts to put the short story on the market. At V. F. Palmblad’s publishing house, German contemporary short stories were translated and distributed, later followed by Swedish contributions to the genre, which appeared primarily in literary magazines. Only a small number of short stories were published over the course of these 19 years, and the means of publication varied. Out of 45 works found in the catalogues of the National Library of Sweden, 27 are published separately, while 14 are published in periodicals or newspapers and two in anthologies (one of which is a frame story and the other a modern collection). Authors connected to the Romantic school introduced two new varieties of short story: the exotic story and the fantastic story. The pre-existing subgenres included, for instance: adventures, satirical or comic stories, stories of family life, travel stories and historical short stories. Among these, the historical story was the only subgenre to be printed separately. Characteristic for the short story is its ability to be inserted into many different kinds of publications. Another result of the study is the discovery of the ease with which a short story may be transferred from one form of publication to another. For instance, the short story may originate as part of a novel, only to turn into a separate work in its own right. Alternatively, it may develop as a serial story in a newspaper and go on to be printed separately, and later appear in a publishing house series or in a volume of selected works. This adaptive, or transferable, quality should be included in the ongoing discussion pertaining to the definition of the short story.
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Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Kishore PV Reddy, Elizaveta Pertseva, Samuel V. Lemley, Christopher N. Warren, Max G'Sell, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. "Contrastive Attention Networks for Attribution of Early Modern Print." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (June 26, 2023): 5285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25659.
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In this paper, we develop machine learning techniques to identify unknown printers in early modern (c.~1500--1800) English printed books. Specifically, we focus on matching uniquely damaged character type-imprints in anonymously printed books to works with known printers in order to provide evidence of their origins. Until now, this work has been limited to manual investigations by analytical bibliographers. We present a Contrastive Attention-based Metric Learning approach to identify similar damage across character image pairs, which is sensitive to very subtle differences in glyph shapes, yet robust to various confounding sources of noise associated with digitized historical books. To overcome the scarce amount of supervised data, we design a random data synthesis procedure that aims to simulate bends, fractures, and inking variations induced by the early printing process. Our method successfully improves downstream damaged type-imprint matching among printed works from this period, as validated by in-domain human experts. The results of our approach on two important philosophical works from the Early Modern period demonstrate potential to extend the extant historical research about the origins and content of these books.
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SAMPSON, MARGARET. "‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’: SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE." Historical Journal 40, no. 3 (September 1997): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.
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Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9. £25.00.Sex and subjection: attitudes to women in early modern society. By Margaret R. Sommerville. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Pp. 287. ISBN 0-340-64574-1. £14.99.
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McConachie, Bruce A. "William B. Wood and the “Pathos of Paternalism”." Theatre Survey 28, no. 1 (May 1987): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400008942.
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Theatre historians have been kind to William B. Wood, actor and co-manager of the Chestnut Street Theatre in the early nineteenth century. Reese D. James, in his Old Drury of Philadelphia: A History of the Philadelphia Stage, 1800–1835 (1932), set the sentimental tone that subsequent historians would echo. Relying extensively on Wood's Personal Recollections of the Stage (1855), James lamented that the Chestnut Theatre, following the breakup of Warren and Woods' management in 1826, became “a body without a soul.” In his Theatre U.S.A. (1959), Barnard Hewitt quoted copiously from Wood's Recollections, allowing the co-manager the final word on the deleterious effects of the star system. Calvin Primer's two articles published in the 1960s on Warren and Wood continued the tradition, picturing both managers as the unfortunate victims of rapacious stars.
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King, Martina. "Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.
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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
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Cripps, Cathy, and O. K. Miller Jr. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with aspen on three sites in the north-central Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 1414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-170.
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Sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected over three field seasons in aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in the Rocky Mountains, 1800–2000 m above sea level. The two sites in southwestern Montana and one site in southeastern Idaho vary in size, age of trees, type of soil, drainage patterns, and to a certain extent, climatic conditions. In all, 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were found associated with aspen. The Cortinariaceae were a dominant component of the mycoflora, including at least seven species of Inocybe. Fourteen species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, including Leccinum aurantiacum, occurred on all three sites in association with aspen, and the dominant or characteristic mycorrhizal species varied among sites. The early colonizers Inocybe lacera and Laccaria laccata, which were previously reported on acidic soil, were characteristic of the smelter-acidified, nutrient-poor soil of the site near Butte, Montana. Late stage fungi such as Amanita muscaria and Lactarius controversus were more prevalent in the older, undisturbed aspen stands. Key words: aspen, ectomycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, Populus tremuloides.
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Lohrey, David T. "Soul Death and the Legacy of Total War." Perichoresis 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2017-0010.
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Abstract Following the lead of Hannah Arendt and others, I want to argue that the imperial mystique seen in the British Empire found its way into Germany’s expansionist ambitions. I am concerned with the emotional costs of oppression, or what I call soul death. I focus on three key writers of the 20th century: Doris Lessing, Nadine Gordimer, and J. M. Coetzee, placing their writings in the context of war trauma and the barbarities associated with 20th century totalitarianism. My argument seeks to elucidate the relationship between postcoloniality and the wars that shaped that century. These narratives of distress will be juxtaposed with novels by Imre Kertész and Arnošt Lustig whose writings of the Holocaust and the war atmosphere on the Eastern Front illuminate scenes of trauma and personal anguish. Here my study draws on the work of recent psychologists whose term soul murder is made much of. These writers’ works can be more fully understood to reveal patterns of personal destruction that are part of living under imperialism. They bring to the forefront behaviours that expose the debasement and hardening witnessed in the early decades of the century.
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Volkova, A. A. "The Idea of the Integrity of Human Nature in the Works of Cyril of Turov in the Context of the Byzantine Patristic Tradition." History of Philosophy 28, no. 2 (2023): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2023-28-2-21-35.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the anthropological views of Cyril of Turov on the relationship of spiritual and bodily principles in human nature. In connection with this goal, a review of general anthropological ideas about human nature, presented in Eastern Christian patristic thought, is undertaken in order to identify possible continuity in the works of the ancient Russian author. The tradition of anthropological dualism characteristic of Byzantine patristic thought is shown. A detailed reflection of the relationship between the spiritual and the carnal in human nature is considered on the material of such early works by Cyril of Turov as “A word about the monasticism”, “The Legend of the Chernorizsky rank”, and later – “The Parable of the Soul and Body”, “The Word about the Relaxed”. As a result of the research, the author of the article concludes that, firstly, physicality in the anthropology of the ancient Russian author acts as a necessary outer shell for the soul, a form that is not sinful in isolation from spiritual movements, but acts as a receptacle of vice in connection with the free will of a person who has decided to live his life in satisfying earthly temptations and animals needs. Secondly, sin is an exclusively spiritual burden and spiritual responsibility. And, finally, thirdly, according to Cyril of Turov, soul and body are not opposed within a human being, but act as necessary, equally significant parts of the indivisible, undifferentiated integrity of the perfect creation of the Lord – man.
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Oostindie, Gert, and Jessica Vance Roitman. "Repositioning the Dutch in the Atlantic, 1680–1800." Itinerario 36, no. 2 (August 2012): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000605.
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After some decades of historical debate about the early modern Atlantic, it has become a truism that the Atlantic may better be understood as a world of connections rather than as a collection of isolated national sub-empires. Likewise, it is commonly accepted that the study of this interconnected Atlantic world should be interdisciplinary, going beyond traditional economic and political history to include the study of the circulation of people and cultures. This view was espoused and expanded upon in the issue of Itinerario on the nature of Atlantic history published thirteen years ago—the same issue in which Pieter Emmer and Wim Klooster famously asserted that there was no Dutch Atlantic empire. Since this controversial article appeared, there has been a resurgence of interest among scholars about the role of the Dutch in the Atlantic. With Atlantic history continuing to occupy a prominent place in Anglo-American university history departments, it seems high time to appraise the output of this resurgence of interest with an historiographical essay reviewing the major works and trends in the study of the Dutch in the Atlantic.
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Sato, Makiko, and Enrique A. Eguiarte B. "Falsedad en las primeras obras de Agustín." Augustinus 63, no. 3 (2018): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augustinus201863250/25121.
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In the second book of Soliloquia, Augustine queries: what is ‘true’ and what is ‘false’. Through the examination, Augustine (Ratio) expresses the idea that ‘true’ is that which exists. Therefore, whatever exists is true; nothing will be false. But then, what is ‘false’? This paper will first clarify that the examination of ‘false’ in Soliloquia relates to Augustine’s awareness of the problem of sin. Already in Soliloquia, Augustine finds that the soul can have in itself the cause of sin so as to be unable to have the truth. Secondly, the author examines how the epistemology of falsehood is developed in the early Augustine by examining his articles after Soliloquia, focusing on the concept of lying in De Genesi contra Manichaeos and De vera religione. This will show that Augustine's understanding of falsehood and lying is related to his soteriology. Thirdly, the paper focuses on q. 63 of De diversis quaestionibus LXXXIII, in order to clarify what Augustine thinks about the relationship between God and human soul, where Augustine notes the significance of knowing and confessing sin as the means of cooperative salvation already described in his early works.
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Liljas, Juvas Marianne. "”Från pappas lydige Henric”: Pedagogiska perspektiv på det tidiga 1800-talets bildningsresande." Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.151.
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“From daddy’s obedient Henric”: Pedagogical perspectives on educational travel of the early 1800s. This article analyses educational travel in the early 1800s from the perspective of its educational heritage and praxis. The aim is to develop an understanding of the pedagogical significance of educational travel. The article makes clear how upbringing and education are represented in the framework of travel narratives in pre-industrial landscapes. The argument is based on the influence of the mercantile class on educational travel and the informal effect of these trips on changes in pedagogical thinking. The travel letters of Johan Henrik Munktell from 1828 to 1830 are used as primary sources. Using Paul Ricoeur’s memory-critical hermeneutics, travel narratives become significant sources for how education is arranged, and immanent pedagogy is a key term. The results demonstrate that the individualisation process works together with forms of crypto-learning, the core of the personal development vision, and society’s long-term memory.
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Ostaric, Lara. "Absolute Freedom and Creative Agency in Early Schelling." Philosophisches Jahrbuch 119, no. 1 (2012): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2012-1-69.
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bstract. By arguing that the connection between Schelling’s reception of Plato and Kant’s conception of genius is relevant for Schelling’s early development, this essay demonstrates the following: (1) that Schelling’s early Idealism brings to the general problem that plagues German Idealists, i.e., the search for an unconditioned principle that unites theoretical and practical reason, the solution that is genuinely his own, this original solution consisting in Schelling’s conception of “creative reason [schöpfersiche Vernunft]”; (2) that the theme of an absolutely free creative subjectivity is shared by many of Schelling’s early works and, hence, that the early development of his Idealism can be interpreted as a beginning of the philosophical system or as a “proto-system” of what was later to become his 1800 System; (3) that when compared to Kant’s notion of genius, Schelling’s “absolute I” should be considered a regress rather than a progress.
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Watkins, Holly. "From the Mine to the Shrine: The Critical Origins of Musical Depth." 19th-Century Music 27, no. 3 (2004): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2004.27.3.179.
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In recent years, the analytical concept of structural depth has been subjected to intense critical scrutiny. But amid debates over the relative merit of depth- and surface-oriented modes of listening and analysis, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the history of the two terms in music journalism. Focusing on the period around 1800, this article examines the entry of the term "depth" into German literature on music and explores the metaphorÕs diverse, even contradictory, meanings. Writers like Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder and E. T. A. Hoffmann endorsed the idea, prominent in German Pietism and the criticism of Johann Gottfried Herder, that sound was uniquely able to access the deepest regions of subjectivity. At the same time, such writers began to imagine a musical inner space uncannily similar to the inner space of the listening subject. Unlike earlier aestheticians of a poetic bent, Hoffmann thought that the "deepest" works--works that stirred the soul with special force--required the critic to "penetrate" their "inner structure." Given that earlier technical discourse had treated music essentially as a linear sequence of periods, HoffmannÕs writings exhibit a momentous shift in perspective from the sequential to the vertical. By adding a new dimension to music complementing its axis of horizontal or temporal unfolding, Hoffmann imported the full spectrum of depthÕs meanings, ranging from the scientific to the spiritual, the rational to the irrational, into the modern notion of the masterwork.
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Astari, Winda, and Sariah Sariah. "Konsep Parenting Pada Anak Usia Dini Menurut Mohammad Fauzil Adhim." KINDERGARTEN: Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/kjiece.v5i1.16835.
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This research was motivated by mistakes of parents in educating and raising children and parents who lack of knowledge in educating early childhood. This research aimed at knowing the parenting concept for early childhood according to Mohammad Fauzil Adhim. It was a library research. The primary and secondary data were obtained from books, articles, and journals. The primary data was the works of Mohammad Fauzil Adhim. Documentation technique was used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by reducing, presenting, verifying, and concluding. The findings of this research showed that the parenting concept for early childhood according to Mohammad Fauzil Adhim could be implemented by introducing Islamic values since early age, raising the soul, building learning attitudes, spurring creative thinking, managing words of prohibition, angering and punishing, and needed good parental attitude in providing education and caring for children from an early age.
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NENASHEVA, Larisa V. "Northern Miniature in the Ecclesiastic Book of the Early 19th Century." Arctic and North, no. 44 (September 24, 2021): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2021.44.285.
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The article is devoted to the study of plots associated with different stages of the movement of the soul, presented in a manuscript book and on drawn sheets. The book was written at the beginning of the 19th century in the Russian North in the Old Believers' environment. The manuscript is interesting in composition, content and unique in design. The text of the book is written on fifty-five sheets, collected in a notebook and bound into a book. The manuscript includes three works: an excerpt from the eighteenth chapter of "The Flower Garden of Dorotheus of Gaza" about the spiritual ladder, the vision of Monk Gregory about the walk of Blessed Theodora, a story about a meal from the teachings of Saint Niphon.The text is attached by four folding miniatures and several illustrations - images on the themes of the works of the manuscript, which interpret the literary text more fully. As a result of the research, it was found that this collection is not the only list. Collections, similar in composition and decoration, are contained in the archives of museums and libraries of the country. This indicates the book wealth of the Russian North, the artistic and genre diversity of the northern book.
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Fokin, Alexander Anatolyevich. "Philosophical Principles of Heinrich Klee’s Theology (1800–1840)." Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 6, no. 1 (2022): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2022-6-1-24-36.
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The article focuses on the study of the dogmatic works of Heinrich Klee (1800–1840) in relation to his criticism and reception of contemporary philosophical systems. The dogmatic theology of Heinrich Klee is a little-studied page in the history of Catholic religious thought in the first half of the 19th century, yet for his contemporaries Klee was a significant thinker, and his theology was the subject of active discussion. The works of Klee are known to have been criticized more than once in connection with the possible borrowing of philosophical ideas in his dogmatic theology. This criticism, however, was taken for granted, without being corroborated by any specific study of his texts – a fault the present article seeks to amend. The article attempts to fit the theology of Heinrich Klee into a philosophical context and analyze the philosophical principles in his theology. In the conclusions of the article, we highlight the tendencies and features of the use of philosophical concepts characteristic for Klee and emphasize the breadth and variety of philosophical trends he was debating. The article uses specific examples to demonstrate that, while openly criticizing such сelebrities as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Klee not only embraced their philosophical language but also borrowed their foundational ideas. In the article, it was demonstrated with specific examples that, openly criticizing such authors as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, he perceives not only the philosophical language of these authors, but also borrows their system-forming ideas. At the same time, his theological thought moved within the strict framework of the Catholic concept of the objectivity of divine Revelation and the authority of the Church. The article sheds light not only on some of the philosophical and theological positions of a particular theologian of the early 19th century, but also on the discussion about the degree of philosophical foundation of theological constructions in the modern era as a whole.
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Bagińska, Lucyna. "Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii Gordziałkowskiej." Adeptus, no. 7 (June 30, 2016): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2016.007.
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The linguistic image of the soul in the ekphrases of the late-19th and early-20th century as exemplified by selected poems by Zofia GordziałkowskaThe main objective of the paper is to describe the linguistic image of the soul in ekphrases of the Young Poland period. In this period, literary works were often inspired by the art of painting. The focus is on the poetry of Zofia Gordziałkowska, which was largely motivated by her fascination with the then popular Swedish painter Arnold Böcklin, whose works are populated mainly by characters from the Bible and classical mythology.The reconstruction of the concept of the soul based on the texts is juxtaposed with general language data. For the analysis of the material I use the methodology of structuralism (e.g. tracing the position of the object in the lexical field) and cognitivism (examining the conceptualization of the category and its proliferation). The conclusions of the interdisciplinary examination are connected with symbolism as both an artistic movement within modernism and a philosophy of the turn of the 20th century. Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii GordziałkowskiejCelem rozważań jest ukazanie językowego obrazu duszy zawartego w młodopolskich ekfrazach Zofii Gordziałkowskiej, zafascynowanej popularnym wówczas w Europie malarstwem Szwajcara Arnolda Böcklina. Jego dzieła zaludniają głównie postaci z mitologii antycznej i Biblii.Zrekonstruowanie pojęcia duszy na podstawie tekstów artystycznych i przedstawienie na tle danych zawartych w języku ogólnym doprowadziło do ustalenia różnicy między jego rozumieniem w tych odmianach języka. Analiza materiału z wykorzystaniem głównie metodologii kognitywizmu, dążącej do zbadania konceptualizacji pojęcia, jego profilowania i kategoryzacji, pozwoliła na nietradycyjne odczytanie poezji i wzbogacenie istniejących badań z zakresu lingwistyki kognitywnej. Wnioski z interpretacji wierszy zostały powiązane z symbolizmem jako nurtem artystycznym modernizmu i filozofią przełomu wieku XIX i XX.
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Koroleva, Svetlana. "Soul — Anguish — Perfection: Oscar Wilde’s Dialogue with Kropotkin and Dostoevsky." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 52 (December 30, 2020): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-52-4-112-126.
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Much has already been said about the ‘Russian theme’ in Oscar Wilde’s works. Yet the question concerning Russian sources of the motifs of anguish and the soul’s way to perfection has not yet been cleared up sufficiently. The article aims at defining the particular character of appropriating Petr Kropotkin’s philosophy of anarchism in Wilde’s works in the context of its reference to the notions of ‘Nihilism’ and ‘self-sacrifice’, and through them, to Dostoyevsky’s novels. The basic material of the research is Wilde’s essay ‘Man’s Soul under Socialism’ and his early play ‘Vera; or, The Nihilists’. The key method used in the research is comparative analysis (in the way it is used in comparative literature). The author argues that in these texts, the motifs of Christian self-sacrifice and anguish bring Nihilism (understood as Kropotkin-style anarchism) together with the spiritual psychology of Dostoyevsky and that the way to inner perfection in Wilde’s philosophy of individualism is connected with the concepts of soul, man, and society the writer formulates based on Kropotkin and Dostoevsky. Bringing the notion of ‘soul’ close to the notion of ‘socialism,’ defining Christ as a perfect personality, treating pain and anguish in contemporary society as a way to this sort of person-ality, and opposing inner feelings to outer morals, Wilde combines the philosophy of individ-ualism with the pathos of Kropotkin’s doctrine of anarchism: moral, even Christian at its core. He also adheres to the idea of resurrecting inner morals through anguish and compassion: the idea he appropriated from Dostoyevsky. As a result, in Wilde’s essay the doctrine of individ-ualism turns into a doctrine of the soul’s natural Christianity (holiness) and of resurrection in perfection through a ‘true Socialism.’ In Wilde’s play ‘Vera; or, The Nihilists’ the motifs of personal love and social pain, connected with social disorder and common unhappiness, con-stitute the very image of contemporary man’s way to personal perfection that is philosophical-ly described in his essay nearly ten years later.
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KAUDERS, ANTHONY D. "NEGOTIATING FREE WILL: HYPNOSIS AND CRIME IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY GERMANY." Historical Journal 60, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 1047–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000601.
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AbstractThe history of free will has yet to be written. With few exceptions, the literature on the subject is dominated by legal and philosophical works, most of which recount the ideas of prominent thinkers or discuss hypothetical questions far removed from specific historical contexts. The following article seeks to redress the balance by tracing the debate on hypnosis in Germany from 1894 to 1936. Examining responses to hypnosis is tantamount to recording common understandings of autonomy and heteronomy, self-control and mind control, free will and automaticity. More specifically, it is possible to identify distinct philosophical positions related to the question as to whether hypnosis could surmount free will or not. The article demonstrates that the discourse often centred on the perceived struggle, located within a particular ‘personality’, between an individual's ‘character’ or ‘soul’ and the infiltration by a foreign or hostile force. While one group (compatibilists) emphasized the resilience of the ‘moral inhibitions’, another group (determinists) doubted that these were sufficient to withstand hypnosis.
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Stoyukhina, N. Y. "Religious and philosophical psychology in the works of N.M. Bogolyubov." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060123.
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We present the results of historical and psychological research filling the gaps of contemporary knowledge about personalities of religious and philosophical direction of Russian psychology in late XIX – early XX centuries. The author introduces the biography of events and the views of Russian psychologist N.M. Bogolyubov – a man of uneasy fate, embodied in his work the idea of spiritual practice in the analysis and description of a person's inner world. Psychological works of N.M. Bogolyubov reflect the views common for Russian spiritual direction in psychology: consideration of man's inner world by revealing how mental experience is given to the person, his self, recognition of the soul as a sphere of inner reality, recognition of the mental world of a person as an independent entity, living by its own laws, which do not depend on the laws of the material world, asserting that faith can be a valid knowledge. In the arsenal of creative achievements of N.M. Bogolyubov are determination of the value of psychology in studying the problem of religious consciousness and professionalism as a necessary quality of a researcher psychologist in the field.
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Tian, Fang. "Can Xue: the poetics of anti-aesthetics." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2022-27-4-726-734.
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Can Xue is a representative of Chinese women's literature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Her works are one of the most interesting literary phenomena. The author discusses the poetics of the “anti-aesthetics” in Can Xue’s works, based on the violation of classical aesthetic norms. To achieve a new aesthetic impact, Can Xue employs such artistic means as fantasy, metaphor, symbol, synesthesia in a new way. Possessing a rich and unbridled imagination, the writer strives to depict something that exists “in the zone of non-existence.” Besides, Can Xue creates anti-aesthetic, ugly, incomprehensible, and metaphorical images, invents illogical dialogues, refers to the phenomena of the interweaving of dreams and reality, peeping, etc. It is concluded that Can Xue breaks the frame of traditional aesthetic, seeks ugly, irrational, and unacceptable to popular standards of beauty. But despite all the ugliness, she draws attention to the hidden depths of human consciousness and soul, shows another truth of life. An analysis of the poetics of Can Xue allows a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the writings of Chinese authors of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
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Shumakov, Andrey. "Gabriel's Failed Revolution of 1800: Causes and Prerequisites." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(61) (December 15, 2023): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-61-1-186-203.
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This work is devoted to a very little-studied topic of the Virginia Slave Conspiracy led by Gabriel and is the first study of this issue in Russian historiography. The present article analyzes in detail the causes and prerequisites of the failed uprising of 1800. At the same time, the author relies on the published materials of the trial and the works of leading Western researchers.
The first part is devoted directly to the history of studying this issue. Using historical-genetic and retrospective methods, the author traces the influence of foreign policy, domestic political, social, economic, demographic, socio-cultural factors on the formation of a socially explosive situation in Virginia by 1800, and
also identifies a number of subjective reasons and prerequisites for a slave conspiracy, such as: motives of personal revenge and banal miscalculations of the authorities who did not take proper measures. At the same time, the main emphasis is on comparing approaches and substantiating the complex of causes and
prerequisites in Western historiography.
As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in the case of Gabriel's conspiracy, it is not just about a failed uprising, but about the emergence in Virginia of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries of a real revolutionary situation, the formation of which was facilitated by a combination of interrelated factors.
The results of the research conducted in this article can be used in research and teaching activities related to the study of American history and the history of the African-American people (Black History).
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Dolan, Brian. "Soul searching: a brief history of the mind/body debate in the neurosciences." Neurosurgical Focus 23, no. 1 (July 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc-07/07/e2.
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✓Anatomical and physiological understandings of the structure and function of the brain have worked to establish it as the “seat of the soul.” As an organ of reflection, meditation, and memory, the brain becomes synonymous with what defines the “self” through the existence of consciousness—of mind. Thus, the brain has been associated with a range of transcendent concepts—the soul, spirit, mind, and consciousness—that all relate in fundamental ways to each other both in terms of their perceived location within the brain and because of the way each works ultimately to define the person to whom the brain belongs. In this article, the author provides a brief exploration of how interrelated these categories have been when seen in the context of ancient, Renaissance, early modern, and modern philosophical and medical concerns; how the brain has variously been perceived as home to these intimate states of being; and how practitioners from the neurosciences have reflected on these questions. The author provides novel insights into the interrelationships of philosophy, theology, and medicine by examining these issues through the lens of the history of neuroscience.
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Kim, Yun-jeong. "The Healing Characteristics of Hwang Dong-gyu’s Poetry in the Phenomenology of the Soul: Focusing on the Relationship with Topological Poetics." Korean Association for Literacy 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 489–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2022.08.13.4.14.
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This paper analyzes Hwang Dong-gyu’s representative works in the early, middle, and late stages of his life, regarding the libido, and examines how they took on the nature of healing by perceiving themselves as a phenomenology of the soul.
Hwang Dong-gyu’s poems were consistently written by stimulating and responding to inner energy.
In the case of <Bi-ga>, it contributes to strengthening and revitalizing one’s libido through the stability of the rhythm . And mid-term poem deals with anger’s libido against politically oppressive situations instead of simply emphasizing an ideology. <Pung-jang>, a poem written later in his life, also shows the spirit’s desire for freedom and liberation, indicating that his main consciousness lies in the liberation and progress of the soul.
This aspect can be said to be the essence of healing. It also implies a transformation of the libido, which corresponds to a change in the topological structure of the human body. The concept of topological structure of the human body, which represents a microscopic energy field, tells us that life’s energy can only be enhanced when density caused by external environmental factors is diminished.
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Taormina, Daniela Patrizia. "Bergson lettore del misticismo plotiniano. Note autografe inedite." Elenchos 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/elen-2015-360207.
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AbstractBergson interprets Plotinian mysticism in the light of his distinction between two different kinds of mysticism: one which translates union with God into action, the other which translates it into contemplation. Plotinus embodies the highest expression of the latter, intellectual mysticism. This thesis runs through Bergson’s oeuvre from his early works to Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion. The present study traces its origins back to a reading of Ennead VI 9 on the basis of notes in the philosopher’s own hand, in all likelihood pertaining to the lecture course he delivered at the Collège de Fance in 1901-1902. These notes, here published for the first time, show that a careful engagement with the Plotinian text led Bergson to stress the continuity between two forms of ecstasy, regarded as stages in the soul’s return to its source: in the first stage, the soul reverts to the intelligible and identifies with it (intellectual ecstasy); in the second, the intellect, united with itself, attains ultimate unity (supra-intellectual ecstasy). In both cases, the soul does not identify with God’s creative will and hence the ecstasy it experiences is still a theoretical, or intellectual, one.
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Fedorova, Yu E. "From qasida to treatise: philosophical analysis of stories about the conference of the birds." Orientalistica 5, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2022-5-3-474-488.
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The article traces the evolution of the “bird” topos (murgh) from its direct understanding (haqiqa) to the allegorical (majaz) in the most representative works of the Persian literary tradition of the 10th–12th centuries. The research involves methods of philological analysis, as well as the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction of the text. It was found, that in the early samples of the classical qasida by Rudaki and Manuchihri birds were one of the necessary elements for marking the “spring” theme. Later in qasidas of Sanai and Khaqani the topos “soul-bird” (murgh-i jan) was firmly entrenched in the poetic dictionary of Persian-speaking Sufis. In the texts of the Brethren of Purity the description of the properties of various animals and birds that entered into an dispute with a person provided the basis for discourse about the properties of the soul. This line was continued by Ahmad al-Ghazzali. In a treatise about bird-souls seeking to find their king, he presented a peculiar description of personal spiritual experience. As a result of the study, author identifies the main themes of the conference of the birds and Sufi concepts that are embodied in specific literary plots.
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Trivellato, Francesca. "What Differences Make a Difference? Global History and Microanalysis Revisited." Journal of Early Modern History 27, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2023): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10057.
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Abstract This article discusses a number of scholarly trends that fall under the rubric of global history, with particular regard for those that address the early modern period (c.1400–1800). It stresses the rubric’s lack of coherence from both a methodological and ideological perspective. Most importantly, it revisits longstanding debates about the intersection of microanalysis and global history by assessing landmark works by Italian microhistorians, scholars of the so-called great divergence, and historians of climate and the environment. In so doing, it also asks how recent contributions build on insights that classic studies had already yielded – at least on the margins of the profession – beginning in the 1970s.
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Vorozhikhina, Ksenia. "Boris de Schloezer on the Early 20th Century Russian Philosophy." Otechestvennaya Filosofiya 1, no. 2 (July 2023): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/3034-1825-2024-2-74-92.
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The publication highlights the period of cooperation between the music and literary critic, translator and writer Boris Fedorovich Schloezer with the critical and bibliographic department of the St. Petersburg “political, social and literary” liberal newspaper “Birzhevye Vedomosti”, which from the middle of 1916 was headed by A.L. Volynsky. In 1916 Schloezer published reviews of a collection of articles by V.I. Ivanov “Furrows and Boundaries”, on the books of N.A. Berdyaev “The Meaning of Creativity (The Experience of Justifying Man)” and S.L. Frank “The Subject of Knowledge”. If the works of Berdyaev and Ivanov provoked criticism of the author of the reviews, the book of Frank (along with the works of N.O. Lossky (“Justification of Intuitionism”, “Introduction to Philosophy”) and P.B. Vysheslavtsev (“Ethics of Fichte”)), according to Schloezer, testifies to a new trend in Russian philosophy – a turn towards ontology and the revival of metaphysics. In addition to the published articles this publication presents a response to Ivanov’s collection “Native and Universal” and the article “Russian Philosophical Thought”, written by Schloezer in 1917–1918. They, apparently, never appeared on the pages of the newspaper, but were preserved in the Volynsky archive (RSALA, fund 95). Schloezer’s article on modern Russian philosophy is a review of the latest philosophical literature: S.L. Frank’s “Man’s Soul”, N.O. Lossky’s “The World as an Organic Whole”, E.N. Trubetskoy’s “Metaphysical Assumptions of Cognition”, I.A. Ilyin’s “Philosophy of Hegel as the Doctrine of the Concreteness of God and Humanity”, as well as the collection “Thought and Word” edited by G.G. Shpet. The publication sheds light on the un known pages of Schloezer’s intellectual biography.
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Agarwal, Anupam, and Sonal Shukla. "Untouchable and Coolie: The Soul of Social Realism." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211421.
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Mulk Raj Anand is very well- known as an Indian novelist, distinguished writer, reformer, art critic, editor, journalist, a short story writer and political activist. He opened a new section of writers of fiction along with Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan and produced a great deal of English literature and his mastery in the realistic and sympathetic portrayal of the exploited class of Indian society marks his genius as a socially committed novelist. That‟s why he is not only known as India‟s Charles dickens but also considered the messiah of the have-nots, unloved, down trodden and unwanted. The exploitation of the downtrodden in Indian society made him focus his attention on their miserable and pathetic condition and formed the major theme of his works. His writings reflect his urgent social concern, preoccupations and the social impulse and made the reader to be immediately aware of the exploitation faced by the downtrodden through the heart throbbing description of their wretched state. Painted with the colors of social realism Mulk Raj Anand‟s two novels Untouchable and Coolie reflect the hard core reality of the Indian society of early decades of twentieth century.. Written with a purpose both these novels condemn the modern capitalistic Indian society and feudal system for the shameless and tragic exploitation of the poor and underdog as there is nothing but a true, real and bitter reflection of the society in both the novels dealing with a similar central theme of social exploitation, the exploitation of the downtrodden and the under-privileged because of the curse of untouchability, poverty, hunger, child labour, social governance, social set up of society, customs, religious belief, prejudices and the suffering of the Indian masses by the forces of capitalism, industrialism and colonialism. The present paper shows the true colours of social realism in Untouchable and Coolie; the epic like novels of M. K. Anand to strike a cord in the hearts of the consciententious Indians through a beautiful and real to life portrayal of the exploited masses of Indian society.
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Gommans, Jos. "Trade and Civilization around the Bay of Bengal, c. 1650–1800." Itinerario 19, no. 3 (November 1995): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021331.
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About seven years ago the journalItinerarioissued a special volume on theAncien Régimein India and Indonesia that carried the papers presented at the third Cambridge-Leiden-Delhi-Yogyakarta conference. The aim of the conference was a comparative one in which state-formation, trading net-works and socio-political aspects of Islam were the major topics. Thumbing through the pages of this issue (while preparing this essay) I had the impression that the results of the conference went beyond its initial comparative goals. Directly or indirectly, several papers stressed that during the early-modern phase India and Indonesia were still part of a cultural continuum that was only gradually broken up by the ongoing process of European expansion during the nineteenth century. It appeared that even after the earlier course of so-called ‘Indianisation’ – a designation that unjustly conveys an Indian ‘otherness’ – India and the Archipelago shared many characteristics, especially in terms of their political and religious orientation. More importantly, these shared traits were shaped by highly mobile groups of traders, pilgrims and courtiers who criss-crossed the Bay of Bengal, traversing both the lands above and below the winds.
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Johnson, Eric L. "A Doxological Necessity: The Use of Biblical, Philosophical, and Empirical Knowledge to Construct a Comprehensive Christian Psychological and Therapeutic Science." Journal of Psychology and Theology 49, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647121995840.
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According to Stark, the motive of God’s glory provided the ideological basis for the Scientific Revolution. Smith argues that by the time that revolution began to spread to the human sciences in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, another revolution was emerging, with which the human sciences have become thoroughly confounded, the Secular Revolution. Following MacIntyre, Johnson suggests that this confounding has created a crisis for the Christian intellectual and soul-care traditions, but one that was largely self-inflicted. One of the consequences of this crisis has been a serious wound/division in the Christian body regarding the relation between the Bible, and its theocentric worldview and way of life, and the current form of psychology and the therapeutic sciences (psychiatry, psychotherapy, and counseling). In this article, reasons are given for imagining one way the glory of God could again become a supreme motive among Christians in Western science, specifically psychology and the therapeutic sciences, that would help to overcome the current biblical knowledge/empirical knowledge dichotomy that afflicts the Christian community in these fields and could unify and empower it to develop Christian alternatives to their mainstream versions.
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Korzo, Margarita A. "“Remedies” for the Death of a Loved One: Consolation in the Early Modern Times Religious Literature." Chelovek 33, no. 4 (2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070021632-2.
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The European writings with motives of solace on the occasion of the death of a loved one are very diverse in genre terms (reflections on death, consolatory letters, self-consolation dialogues, consolation treatises, ars moriendi manuals, funeral sample sermons and orations, elegiac poetry, manuals on rhetoric, etc.). Elements of continuity may be found between consolatory arguments, developed in the Antiquity and those found in the Middle Ages and by the authors of the early Modern period (death as a necessity and as an act of mercy that spares further suffering and sins; immortality of the soul and the hope of afterlife reunion, etc.); throughout all epochs, the tradition of presenting consolations in the form of soul-healing “remedies” also persists. Christian authors reinterpreted ancient consolation arguments in the light of Christian doctrine; also, the main task of solace or remedies for grief is no more to achieve control over emotions, but to strengthen the Christian in faith. The early Modern period turns with a new intensity to the philosophical heritage of antiquity and the personal examples of thinkers and historical figures of the past, who, along with the biblical king David and the suffering Job, are presented as models for acceptable mourning, attitude towards suffering and death. Catholic consolatory eloquence for the death influenced the Eastern Christian tradition, which produced in the XVII century first examples of consolatory texts (sample sermons for burial in liturgical books, the author's works of Symeon Polotsky), replicating the solace “remedies” circulated in the European culture. Such a similarity of particular ideas and arguments of ancient and Christian authors of different times does not always indicate borrowing or direct continuity, but is only a consequence of the common existential experience of people of different epochs.
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KOZLOVSKYI, Viktor. "Kant’s analysis of the soul: correlation with the body, and the problem of existence." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2024.01.022.
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The article highlights the conceptual issues related to Kant’s analysis of the soul, a concept of utmost importance for the metaphysics and psychology of German academic philosophy (Schulphilosophie) of the Enlightenment was significantly dependent on the developed and systematically presented philosophical and scientific ideas and concepts of Christian Wolff. Kantian philosophy, its themes, and conceptual language were formed in the crucible of Wolfean discourse, and from the early 1770s in the struggle against it, which led to the emergence of a new, critical philosophy – transcendental idealism, in which the problem of the soul, consciousness, and self-awareness became fundamental. It is this issue that was thoroughly covered in the «Critique of Pure Reason» and other works that were published later, after the first Critique. The article draws attention to Kant’s Lectures, which, on the one hand, demonstrate his critical attitude towards the so-called Wolfians, their metaphysics, and psychology, and, on the other hand, the lecture materials illustrate Kant's new conceptual position, and, what is important, develop, supplement and clarify it. The sources of Kant’s lectures are highlighted, taking into account the fact that we have at our disposal lecture notes, the authors of which are either unknown or, if known, their authorship is still somewhat doubtful, since they are notes that different people have rewritten. The article analyses lecture notes on psychology, the authors of which are more or less well-known, and experts recognize these notes as quite valid. The conceptual content of these lectures allows us to look at Kant’s understanding of the problem of the soul in a somewhat broader context compared to the «Critique of Pure Reason», where this problem is analyzed in connection with the paralogisms of reason and the transcendental deduction of categories. In his lectures on psychology, Kant draws attention to the problem of the interaction of the soul with the human body, the «location of the soul», linking it not so much to the organs of the human body (for example, the head) as to the location of a person as a bodily being in the world makes all acts of consciousness, self-awareness, and sense perception possible. Kant emphasizes the basic importance of such a spatial location of a person for the soul, as something that belongs to a person with a certain integrity, and not a separate organ, to act properly, to perform its cognitive functions. The article analyses the problem of existence, which is important for critical philosophy, its various modalities, and predication, with a special emphasis on the problem of the existence of metaphysical objects - the soul, God, and the world as a whole.
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Shcherbakova, Anna E. "TO CHILDREN ABOUT ART: DOMESTIC ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS OF THE 1800–1820S." Arts education and science 1, no. 38 (2024): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202401140.
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This article is devoted to the visual language of children’s books and magazines of the first third of the XIXth century on the theme of art. The cultural and historical context of the development of illustrated literature on this topic is considered. The most popular plots and the artistic features of the published images are identified. A comparison is made of illustrations in Russian-language versions of books and foreign originals. The relationship between the publication format and graphic content is determined, as well as the options for interaction between text and picture. The most striking examples of domestic early printed books reflecting the trends of the era under consideration were selected for this work. These are children’s encyclopedias, alphabet books, biographical and game editions. The result of the research is the reconstruction of the situation of illustrating children’s art literature in Russia in the 1800– 1820s. It has been established that children’s book publishing of this period hardly sought to talk about art as such. It often appeared in the content of publications with other goals. Nevertheless, the authors of the books managed to cover certain aspects of art. These include types of art, artistic images, famous artists, as well as technical features of creating works of art.
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Trisnawati, Ida Ayu. "CHARACTER EDUCATION OF GANDRUNG DANCE IN THE SPIRIT OF NUSANTARA." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.2.2.
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Art is an expression of the soul that is very pure and full of the value of beauty. This pure and beautiful soul can be realized if everyone can interpret art positively. Various positive characters can be developed through artistic activities. Mutual respect for differences is a powerful way to strengthen the spirit of the archipelago. Real goals that can be achieved by describing various types of Gandrung include Gandrung Banyuwangi, Gandrung Bali, and Gandrung Lombok performances which are harmonious, aesthetic, and full of character values reflecting multiculturalism. This research uses a qualitative approach combined with creating works of art. This qualitative approach was carried out in the early stages of the research to identify the existence of Gandrung arts in Banyuwangi, Bali, and Lombok. Information about the informants was collected using the purposive method, observation and study of documentation. Gandrung proves that art can create beauty, harmony, and financial benefits for society. Finally, a sense of nationalism grew with the spirit of the archipelago, revealing various potentials of this nation. This study found that the infatuation with performing arts has character values of tolerance, cooperation, hard work, discipline, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit, which are obtained formally and can also be obtained informally (in a community environment).