Journal articles: 'Sorghum'

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UMAKANTH, A. V., B. VENKATESH BHAT, MICHAEL BLÃœMMEL, C. ARUNA, N. SEETHARAMA, and J. V. PATIL. "Yield and stover quality of brown mid-rib mutations in different genetic backgrounds of sorghum." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84, no. 2 (February 12, 2014): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i2.37851.

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Genetic control of the lignification process through use of brown mid-rib (bmr) mutations has offered the most direct and productive approach to reducing lignin concentration and increasing digestibility of sorghums. Brown mid- rib genes were introgressed from IS 21888 (bmr-3) and IS 21891(bmr-8) into elite sorghum lines and the advanced progenies were evaluated in relation to normal sorghums. The bmr types were significantly early to flower and mature compared to normal sorghum. Normal sorghum had a significant superiority of 11 and 9% for panicle length and panicle width as compared to bmr sorghum. The bmr types recorded significantly lower grain yield than normal sorghum. However, among the bmr sorghums, CSV 15 × IS 21891 (bmr-8 mutation) derivative recorded a significant superiority over other bmr entries and was at par with the normal sorghum check CSV 20. For stover yields, normal sorghums were significantly superior to the bmr sorghums by 46%. Dry matter intake (DMI) was positively correlated with ME and IVOMD in normal sorghum. However, the correlation of DMI with IVOMD was not significant in bmr sorghums. In both the sorghums, IVOMD was positively correlated with TDN, relative feed value RFV, ME and negatively correlated with ADF and NDF. However, the association of IVOMD with NDF was non-significant in bmr sorghum. The findings of the present study indicated that bmr 3 and bmr 8 genes significantly improved the stover digestibility in specific genetic backgrounds and their interaction with recipient genetic background was evident.

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Selle, P. H., S. Y. Liu, A. Khoddami, J. Cai, and A. J. Cowieson. "Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. 1. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13080.

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Sorghum-based diets were offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 days post-hatch as a 2 × 3 factorial array of treatments. The diets were based on either a white (Liberty) or red (Venture) sorghum that were finely ground through a 2.0-mm hammer-mill screen before incorporation into diets that were steam-pelleted at conditioning temperatures of 70°C, 80°C and 90°C. Protein solubilities and concentrations of disulfide bonds and free sulfydryl groups in sorghums and sorghum-based diets were determined. Concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in both sorghums were analysed and the presence or absence of a pigmented testa was detected. In vivo parameters assessed included growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation and apparent starch and nitrogen (N) digestibility coefficients were determined at four small-intestinal sites. Increasing conditioning temperatures depressed dietary protein solubilities and induced changes in concentrations of disulfide bonds and free sulfydryl groups that were more pronounced in red sorghum-based diets. The red sorghum contained a higher concentration of phenolic compounds and had a higher antioxidant activity than did white sorghum. A pigmented testa was not present in both sorghums, which indicates that they do not contain condensed tannin. There was a significant interaction between sorghum type and conditioning temperature for weight gain; however, diets based on white or red sorghums did not generate any significant differences in weight gains, feed intakes or feed conversion ratios as main effects. It was anticipated that birds would perform better on white sorghum-based diets but the likelihood is that the fine 2.0-mm grind disadvantaged the softer-textured white sorghum. As main effects, red sorghum-based diets had significantly higher densities of N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy, a higher starch digestibility coefficient in the distal jejunum and higher N digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum than did white sorghum-based diets. Red sorghum-based diets generated significantly heavier relative gizzard weights, which appeared to enhance N digestibility coefficients relative to the white sorghum diets. Increasing conditioning temperatures linearly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum and distal ileum and N digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and distal ileum to significant extents. Conditioning temperatures did not significantly influence gizzard weights or parameters of growth performance and nutrient utilisation. Several significant interactions between the main effects were observed, which suggests that the two sorghums responded somewhat differently to increasing conditioning temperatures.

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Upadhyaya, Hari D., Yi-Hong Wang, Dintyala V. S. S. R. Sastry, Sangam L. Dwivedi, P. V. Vara Prasad, A. Millie Burrell, Robert R. Klein, Geoffrey P. Morris, and Patricia E. Klein. "Association mapping of germinability and seedling vigor in sorghum under controlled low-temperature conditions." Genome 59, no. 2 (February 2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0122.

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Sorghum is one of the world’s most important food, feed, and fiber crops as well as a potential feedstock for lignocellulosic bioenergy. Early-season planting extends sorghum’s growing season and increases yield in temperate regions. However, sorghum’s sensitivity to low soil temperatures adversely impacts seed germination. In this study, we evaluated the 242 accessions of the ICRISAT sorghum mini core collection for seed germination and seedling vigor at 12 °C as a measure of cold tolerance. Genome-wide association analysis was performed with approximately 162 177 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Only one marker locus (Locus 7-2) was significantly associated with low-temperature germination and none with vigor. The linkage of Locus 7-2 to low-temperature germination was supported by four lines of evidence: strong association in three independent experiments, co-localization with previously mapped cold tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in sorghum, a candidate gene that increases cold tolerance and germination rate when its wheat homolog is overexpressed in tobacco, and its syntenic region in rice co-localized with two cold tolerance QTL in rice. This locus may be useful in developing tools for molecular breeding of sorghums with improved low-temperature germinability.

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Reddy, Kancham Reddy Anush Kumar, and Chetariya Chana Pitha. "Exploring Genetic Variability, Path Analysis and Divergence in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 8 (July 15, 2024): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82679.

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The grain crop known as sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], which belongs in the Poaceae family, is said to have evolved from Ethiopia or Sudan. This is a crucial crop for food security, especially within the tropical and semi-arid regions in African nations. By terms of long-term domestication and genetic diversity, this crop was native from Ethiopia. showed differences between the crop's cultivated and wild ancestors that gathered within the nation. Due to its enormous diversity of sorghum, which shows innate biological resistant to disease, dryness, and insects in addition to having large lysine content and excellent quality of grain, Ethiopia has become the world's top contributor of germplasm for the sorghum breeding programmes. Ethiopian landraces referred to as "zera zera" sorghum and the generations that sprang of those were used in ICRISAT along with other nations' contemporary sorghum breeding programmes for hybrids creation. Sorghum is at present Ethiopia's second most significant cereal crop after the tef with regard to of its combined area covered and productivity, which means it's used to make injera. Sorghum genotype from Ethiopia is varied and has responded to a variety of rainfall conditions and elevations. Plant breeding starts with the characterisation and recognition of sorghum seeds that offer desired features for improved genetics. When contrast with field trial evaluation, DNA-based molecular markers and PCR-based methods were most effective in characterising and identifying sorghum genotypes which offer desired features since they are unaffected by duration or climate. The most economical method of increasing sorghum production for many applications is genetic enhancement. Gaining more knowledge about sorghum's genetic diversity could be extremely beneficial for improving the crop in terms of quality of food along with other crucial agronomic characteristics. Sorghums from the Ethiopian Centre of Crop Diversity have a vast amount of genetic variety. To effectively gather and conserve this genetic variety before it is overrun and lost, some serious work is required.

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Dwiatmini, Kristina, Andari Risliawati, Dodin Koswanudin, and Sutoro Sutoro. "EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BRIX PADA BATANG TANAMAN PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) Brix Content Evaluation of Sorghum Stem Germplasm (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench))." Informatika Pertanian 28, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v28n2.2019.p67-72.

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Biji sorgum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan, pakan dan bahan industri. Batang tanaman sorgum umumnya mengandung senyawa gula, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman sirup dan bahan baku bioethanol. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa gula pada batang tanaman sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar brix dengan alat refraktometer. Untuk menghasilkan varietas sorgum yang dapat menghasilkan brix tinggi diperlukan sumber genetik untuk pemuliaan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan terhadap 219 aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum koleksi Bank Gen Balitbangtan di BB Biogen. Bahan batang tanaman diperoleh dari pertanaman sorgum yang ditanam pada tahun 2017. Sampel batang tanaman sorgum dipotong menjadi 3 bagian yang sama panjangnya dan diukur kandungan brix dengan refraktometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum dari batang bagian bawah, tengah dan atas memiliki kandungan brix bervariasi yaitu berkisar antara 0.2 – 15.1 %. Aksesi sorgum introduksi ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, dan ICSV 93007 memiliki kandungan brix lebih dari 14% yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pemuliaan sorgum manis. Genotipe yang memiliki sifat ganda yang mampu menghasilkan hasil biji dan kandungan brix baik pada tanaman induk maupun ratun perlu mendapat perhatian. Abstract Sorghum seeds are used as a source for food, feed, and industrial materials. Stems of sorghum plants generally contain sugar compounds, so it can be used as a beverage of syrup and raw materials of bioethanol. The content of sugar compounds on the stem of the sorghum plant could be done by measuring brix by using refractometer. Genetic resources are needed to develop sorghum varieties that can produce high brix content in its plant breeding program. A study has been conducted on 219 germplasm accessions of IAARD Gene Bank collection at BB BIOGEN. The plant stem material is derived from the planting of sorghum grown in 2017. The stem of the sorghum plant is cut into 3 equal lengths and brix content measured by refractometer. The results showed that the accession of the sorghum germplasm from the lower, middle, and upper stems reveal that brix content varied from 0.2 to 15.1%. Introduction accession of sorghum i.e. ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, and ICSV 93007 had a brix content of more than 14% and can be used as parent materials for sweet sorghum breeding. Multiple traits of genotipe which are capable producing seed yield and brix content in both primary plants and ratoon need further attention.

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Farid, Muh, Ifayanti Ridwan, Muhammad Fuad Anshori, Ahmad Fauzan Adzima, Aqilah Nurul Khaerani Latif, and Amin Nur. "PENDAMPINGAN ON-FARM TEKNOLOGI KOMPOS TRICHODERMA, PUPUK NANO SILIKA, DAN BIOENZIM PADA PRODUKSI SORGUM MANIS DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP." Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian 9, no. 1 (November 22, 2023): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jdp.v9i1.31444.

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melibatkan mitra kelompok tani pada Desa Bantimurung Kecamatan Tondong Tallasa dan Desa Bara Batu Kecamatan Labakkang, CV. Sorgum, dan Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Pangkep. Kegiatan pengabdian bertujuan untuk diseminasi teknologi kompos Trichoderma, pupuk nano silika, dan pupuk cair Bioenzim pada budidaya Sorgum manis sebagai pangan fungsional. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat adalah sekolah lapang pembuatan pupuk kompos berbahan dasar cendawan Trichoderma, pembuatan pupuk nano silika, dan pembuatan pupuk organik cair bioenzim. Selain itu juga dilakukan demplot penanaman sorgum manis untuk kebutuhan produksi benih unggul dan beras sorgum. Kegiatan terlaksana dengan lancar dan diikuti oleh anggota kelompok tani dari kedua lokasi dan mitra dari dunia usaha dan industri serta pemda setempat. Dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra terhadap pembuatan dan aplikasi pupuk kompos Trichoderma, nano silika dan bioenzim. Selain itu, melalui demplot percobaan dihasilkan benih sorgum dari varietas unggul untuk kebutuhan penanaman sorgum oleh kelompok tani. Selama kegiatan penanaman berlangsung terdapat kendala musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan sehingga produktivitas yang dihasilkan dari demplot produksi benih dan beras sorgum hanya mencapai masing-masing 3 ton/ha dan 4 ton/ha yang lebih tinggi dari produktivitas normal petani sorgum di Kabupaten Pangkep. Selain itu, dari penggunaan teknologi ketiga jenis pupuk yang diperkenalkan dihasilkan batang sorgum dengan kandungan brix sebesar 18-21%. Kata kunci: Sorghum bicolor L., Trichokompos, Nano Silika, Bioenzim. ABSTRACT A community service activity was carried out in Pangkep Regency involving farmer group partners in Bantimurung Village, Tondong Tallasa District and Bara Batu Village, Labakkang District, CV. Sorghum, and the Pangkep District Agriculture Service. The service activity aims to disseminate Trichoderma compost technology, nano silica fertilizer, and Bioenzyme liquid fertilizer in the cultivation of sweet sorghum as functional food. The method of implementing community service activities is a field school for making compost fertilizer made from the Trichoderma fungus, making nano silica fertilizer, and making bioenzyme liquid organic fertilizer. Apart from that, a sweet sorghum planting demonstration plot was also carried out for the production of superior seeds and sorghum rice. The activity was carried out smoothly and was attended by members of farmer groups from both locations and partners from the world of business and industry as well as the local government. From this community service activity, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in partners' knowledge and skills regarding the manufacture and application of Trichoderma compost fertilizer, nano silica and bioenzymes. In addition, through experimental demonstration plots, sorghum seeds from superior varieties were produced for the needs of sorghum planting by farmer groups. During the planting activities, there was a long dry season so that the productivity resulting from the sorghum seed and rice production demonstration plots only reached 3 tons/ha and 4 tons/ha respectively, which was higher than the normal productivity of sorghum farmers in Pangkep Regency. Apart from that, using the technology of the three types of fertilizer introduced produces sorghum stalks with a Brix content of 18-21%. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L., Trichokompos, Nano Silica, Bioenzym.

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Setiarto, Raden Haryo Bimo, Nunuk Widhyastuti, and Iwan Saskiawan. "Pengaruh Fermentasi Fungi, Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Khamir terhadap Kualitas Nutrisi Tepung Sorgum (Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Fungi and Yeast Fermentation on Nutritional Quality of Sorghum Flour)." Agritech 36, no. 4 (February 25, 2017): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.16769.

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Recently, food security problem in Indonesia is mainly due to the consumption dependence on rice and wheat, while the utilization of local sources of carbohydrates such as tubers and cereals are still limited. Sorghum is one of local cereal that potential to be developed as source of carbohydrates and protein. However, a problem encountered on utilising sorghum as food is the low protein digestibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fermentation of Rhizopus oligosporus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghum flour. The procedure in this research were pre-treatment of sorghum grains, preparations of inoculum, solid state fermentation, liquid state fermentation, mixture solid-liquid fermentation of sorghum grains, flouring (draining and mashing), microbial (total plate count) and chemical analysis (proximate analysis, amino acid analysis, and protein digestibilty). Sorghum flour was made with 4 variations of treatments that was performed in triplo, i.e: control (without fermentation), liquid fermentation (with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), solid fermentation (with Rhizopus oligosporus), solid and liquid fermentation (with addition of Rhizopus oligosporus,Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The result showed that the number of microbes in fermented sorghum flour was still within the safety limits in accordance to SNI. The fermentation process did not significantly influence the levels of protein, carbohydrate, and fat of sorghum flour. During the fermentation of sorghum, the levels of the amino acids cysteine and lysine increased while several other amino acids decreased. Fermentation increased significantly the digestibility of sorghum protein up to 3,5-5 fold than control without fermentation.ABSTRAKMasalah ketahanan pangan di Indonesia saat ini diantaranya adalah pola konsumsi masyarakat sangat tergantung pada beras, terigu, dan belum luasnya pemanfaatan sumber karbohidrat lokal seperti umbi-umbian dan serealia. Sorgum adalah salah satu serealia lokal yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi sumber karbohidrat dan protein. Namun, salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan sorgum sebagai bahan pangan adalah rendahnya daya cerna protein sorgum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh fermentasi Rhizopus oligosporus, Lactobacillus plantarum, dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap kualitas nutrisi dan daya cerna protein tepung sorgum. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu pra-perlakuan biji sorgum, penyiapan inokulum, fermentasi padat, fermentasi cair, fermentasi campuran padat dan cair terhadap biji sorgum, penepungan (pengeringan dan penggilingan), analisis mikrobiologi (total koloni mikroba) dan analisis kimia (kadar proksimat, asam amino, dan daya cerna protein). Pembuatan tepung sorgum dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan secara triplo yaitu kontrol (tanpa fermentasi), fermentasi cair (dengan Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae), fermentasi padat (dengan Rhizopus oligosporus), dan fermentasi campuran padat dan cair (dengan Rhizopus oligosporus, Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah mikrobia pada tepung sorgum fermentasi masih dalam batas aman sesuai dengan SNI. Proses fermentasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak pada tepung sorgum. Selama fermentasi sorgum, kadar asam amino sistein dan lisin mengalami peningkatan sedangkan beberapa asam amino lainnya menurun. Proses fermentasi berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan daya cerna protein sorgum sebesar 3,5-5 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan kontrol tanpa fermentasi.

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Irawan, Bambang, and Nana Sutrisna. "Prospek Pengembangan Sorgum di Jawa Barat Mendukung Diversifikasi Pangan." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 29, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v29n2.2011.99-113.

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English One of issues in Indonesia related with food security is reliance on imported foods, especially wheat and rice. To cope with this issue, development of local food crops substitute to both foods is essential particularly those adapted to dry land characterized by barrenness, high erosion risk, and limited water supply. Sorghum is one of local food crops to these drought characteristics. Use of sorghum as flour for producing processed foods (noodles, breads, cakes, etc.) can substitute up to 15 to 50 percent of wheat flour. Other industrial products, as well as bio-ethanol, can also be produced using sorghum. Sorghum crop waste is contains high nutrients appropriate for animal feed. To encourage sorghum cultivation in the dry land it is necessary to apply an integrated agribusiness, namely sorghum plant, flour processing, bio ethanol processing, and cattle farming, conducted in a large scale. Development of sorghum processing industries is essential in expanding sorghum market as well as its economic value. In the same time cattle farming is essential to maintain dry land fertility. As an initial stage, this integrated business should be conducted by BUMN (government own companies) facilitated by subsidized investment credit. Indonesian Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi Indonesia berkaitan dengan ketahanan pangan adalah ketergantungan terhadap bahan pangan impor terutama beras dan gandum. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka perlu dikembangkan bahan pangan lokal lain yang dapat mensubstitusi kedua bahan pangan tersebut dan dapat dikembangkan pada lahan kering yang umumnya memiliki kesuburan rendah, peka terhadap erosi dan ketersediaan air terbatas. Sorgum merupakan tanaman pangan lokal yang dapat dikembangkan pada lahan kering dan penggunaan tepung sorgum untuk pembuatan berbagai produk makanan olahan (mie, roti, kue, dst) dapat mensubstitusi 15%-50 persen tepung gandum. Berbagai produk industri lainnya dan bioetanol juga dapat dibuat dari sorgum sementara limbah tanaman sorgum bernilai gizi tinggi untuk bahan pakan ternak. Untuk mendorong pengembangan tanaman sorgum di lahan kering perlu diterapkan sistem usaha yang terintegrasi : tanaman sorgum - pengolahan tepung sorgum – pengolahan bioetanol - ternak sapi dalam skala luas. Pengembangan industri pengolahan sorgum diperlukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dan memperluas pasar sorgum sedangkan pengembangan ternak sapi diperlukan untuk mempertahankan kesuburan lahan kering. Sebagai inisiasi, pengembangan usaha yang terintegrasi tersebut perlu dilaksanakan oleh BUMN yang difasilitasi dengan subsidi kredit investasi.

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Lete, Agustinus Nudu, Agustinus Konda Malik, and Markus Sinlae. "Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Sorgum sebagai Pengganti Tepung Jagung terhadap Produksi Karkas dan Non Karkas Ayam Broiler Fase Grower." Jurnal Peternakan Lahan Kering 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2024): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.57089/jplk.v6i2.2575.

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The experimen aims to examine the response of providing sorghum flour as a substitute for corn flour on carcass and non-carcass production of broiler chickens. The experimen was carried out in the livestock workshop pen for five weeks starting from February 20 to March 26 2024. This exploration design used a RAL design consisting of four treatments and was repeated 5 times for each treatment, making 20 experimental units. The research treatment was P0:54% corn in the ration without sorghum as a control. P1: 25% sorghum as a substitute for corn in the ration, P2: 50% sorghum as a substitute for corn in the ration, P3: 75% sorghum substitute for corn in the ration. The ANOVA results show that the response to giving sorghum flour as a substitute for corn flour in the ration of grower phase broiler chickens was significantly significant (P<0.05) in the non-carcass percentage and not significant (P>0.05) in the final body weight, carcass percentage, and percentage abdominal fat. It was concluded that sorghum could replace 75% of the portion of corn used in rations. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respon pemberian tepung sorgum subtitusi tepung jagung pada produksi karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kandang workshop peternakan selama lima minggu terhitung dari tanggal 20 Februari sampai dengan 26 Maret 2024. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan diulang 5 kali tiap perlakuan jadi 20 unit percobaan. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu P0:54% jagung dalam ransum tanpa sorgum sebagai kontrol. P1: 25% sorgum sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum, P2: 50 % sorgum sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum, P3: 75 % sorgum subtitusi jagung dalam ransum. Hasil anova terlihat respon pemberian tepung sorgum sebagai pengganti tepung jagung dalam ransum ayam broiler fase grower nyata signifikan (P<0,05) pada persentase non karkas dan tidak signifikan(P>0,05) pada bobot badan akhir, persentase karkas, dan persentase lemak abdominal. Disimpulkan bahwa sorgum dapat mengganti 75% dari porsi penggunaan jagung dalam ransum.

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Selle, Peter H., Bernard V. McInerney, Leon R. McQuade, Ali Khoddami, Peter V. Chrystal, Robert J. Hughes, and Sonia Yun Liu. "Composition and characterisation of kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in grain sorghum." Animal Production Science 60, no. 9 (2020): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19393.

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Context Sorghum is an important feed grain for chicken-meat production in Australia. However, it is usually considered inferior to wheat – the foremost feed grain. Kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in sorghum, may be a major contributor to this inferiority due to its negative influence on starch digestion and energy utilisation. Aims The objective of this study was to determine kafirin concentrations in sorghum relative to crude protein and amino acid profiles of both kafirin and total sorghum protein. Methods Concentrations of amino acids and kafirin in 19 Premium Grains for Livestock Program sorghum varieties were quantified. These data were combined with that of up to 14 Poultry Research Foundation sorghum varieties to generate the most exhaustive documentation of its kind. The methodology developed to quantify kafirin concentrations in sorghum is thoroughly described. In addition, essential amino acid profiles in 25 grain sorghums from Australian surveys completed in 1998, 2009 and 2016 were compared statistically. Also, consideration was given to relevant near-infrared spectroscopy predicted data from 992 sorghum varieties from 2014 to 2019. Key results The average kafirin concentration of 48.2 g/kg represented 51.9% of the 92.9 g/kg crude protein (N × 5.81) content in 33 varieties grain sorghum. Kafirin holds a substantial 62.7% share of leucine as the concentration was 8.53 g/kg in kafirin as opposed 13.73 g/kg in total sorghum protein. The proposal was advanced that kafirin contents of local sorghum crops have increased during the past two decades from the 1998, 2009 and 2016 surveys of amino acid profiles in grain sorghum. Conclusions Kafirin concentrations in Australian sorghum crops may have increased over the past two decades, which may be having a negative impact on the performance of broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets. Implications Breeding programs should be directed towards sorghums with lesser kafirin proportions of sorghum protein and/or modified kafirin protein bodies to enhance the nutritive value of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production.

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Zongo, Koulibi Fidèle, Edmond Hien, Boussa Tockville Mare, and Daouda Guebre. "Performance de l’association mixte sorgho-niébé sur les productivités du sorgho et des sols en zone Soudano-Sahélienne du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 987–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i3.12.

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Dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Burkina Faso, la performance des associations mixtes sorgho-niébé reste faible bien que les nombreux services écosystémiques rendus par les associations céréales-légumineuses soient connus. L’objectif de la présente étude a été de comprendre la performance des associations mixtes sorgho-niébé sur la productivité du sorgho et du sol. L’étude a consisté à conduire des tests multi-locaux avec de petits agriculteurs familiaux de la région Nord du Burkina Faso. Des traitements à base de zaï simple (ZS), zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrats organiques (ZF) et zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrats organiques + 50 kg ha-1 d’urée (ZFN) ont été testés en 2013, chaque traitement étant répété 9 fois. En 2014, le traitement ZFN a été remplacé par le traitement zaï + 9 t ha-1 de substrat organique + 600 kg ha-1 de Burkina Phosphate (ZFP). Chaque parcelle élémentaire a abrité l’association mixte sorgho-niébé et la monoculture du sorgho. Les résultats ont montré que l’association mixte sorgho-niébé a généralement entrainé une dépréciation des rendements du sorgho par rapport à la monoculture du sorgho. Par contre, une performance significative de +58% en 2014 et un accroissement de +10% en 2013 des rendements totaux grains de sorgho et de niébé ont été enregistrés par rapport à la monoculture du sorgho. Une grande efficacité d’acquisition des nutriments par le sorgho associé au niébé a été enregistrée en comparaison à la monoculture du sorgho. Pour une meilleure performance des cultures mixtes sorgho-niébé, les traitements ZS et ZF sont à recommander pour augmenter les rendements totaux grains de niébé et de sorgho ainsi que l’acquisition de N dans les grains du sorgho ; les traitements ZFN et ZFP sont, quant à eux, sont à recommander pour améliorer la fertilité résiduelle en N et P des sols dans la région Nord du Burkina Faso. English title: Performance of sorghum-cowpea mixed cropping system on sorghum and soils productivities in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso In Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, the performance of sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system remains low although the many ecosystems provided associated by cereal and legume mixed or intercropping system are known. The objective of this study was to understand the performance of these sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system on the productivities of sorghum and soils. The study consisted to multi-local tests with small family farmers in the northern region of Burkina Faso. Treatments based on simple zaï (ZS), zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrates (ZF) and zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrates + 50 kg ha-1 of urea (ZFN) were tested in 2013, each treatment being replicated at 9 times. In 2014, the ZFN treatment was replaced by the zaï + 9 t ha-1 of organic substrate + 600 kg ha-1 of Burkina Phosphate (ZFP). Each elementary plot was occupied by sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system and monocropping sorghum. The results showed that the yields of sorghum mixed by cowpea generally lowered than the yields of monocropping sorghum. In contrast, a significant performance of +58% in 2014 and an increase of +10% in 2013 on total sorghum and cowpea grains yields were recorded compared to monocropping sorghum. The high efficiency of nutrient acquisition by sorghum in mixed cropping system with cowpea was recorded compared to monocropping sorghum. For better performance of sorghum and cowpea mixed cropping system, ZS and ZF treatments are recommended to increase total sorghum and cowpea grains yields, the N acquisition in sorghum grains, and ZFN and ZFP treatments were suggested to improve residual N and P fertility of soils in the northern region Burkina Faso.

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Campos, Carla Fonseca Alves, Jefferson Costa de Siqueira, Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues, Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz, Susana Queiroz Santos Mello, Iberê Pereira Parente, Mônica Calixto da Silva, Aline Ferreira Amorim, Valquíria Sousa Silva, and Caroliny Costa Araújo. "Nutritional evaluation of sorghums grown with different organic fertilizers for slow-growing broilers." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 5 (October 3, 2017): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3341.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sorghums grown with different organic fertilizers on the chemical composition, energy values, and nutrient metabolizability coefficients, as well as their use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two trials were performed. In the first experiment, 200 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four test diets (sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, sorghum fertilized with millet, sorghum fertilized with humus, and sorghum without fertilization), including sorghum at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were evaluated. In trial 2, 200 1-day-old chicks were used in a CRD with five treatments (T1 – control diet with commercial corn, T2 – sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, T3 – sorghum fertilized with millet, T4 – sorghum fertilized with humus, and T5 – sorghum without fertilization) and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight at 28 days were evaluated. The values of AME and AMEn of sorghums fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus, and sorghum without fertilization were 2894 Kcal kg-1 and 2881 Kcal kg-1; 2736 Kcal kg-1 and 2675 Kcal kg-1; 2727 Kcal kg-1 and 2694 Kcal kg-1; and 2994 Kcal kg-1 and 2959 Kcal kg-1, respectively. The metabolizable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were 76.04%, 42.01%, and 75.25% for sorghum fertilized with crotalaria; 77.50%, 50.77%, and 75.95% for sorghum fertilized with millet; 77.62%, 46.39%, and 75.54% for sorghum fertilized with humus; and 75.83%, 39.53%, and 74.71% for sorghum cultivated without fertilization, respectively. The dietary use of sorghum cultivated with different fertilizers did not affect (P > 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight. Green manures with crotalaria, millet, and humus (bovine manure) are alternatives that can be used on sorghum crops because they resulted in grains with adequate nutritional composition, energy values, and metabolizable coefficients for slow-growing broilers from 1 to 28 days of age.

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Budiyanto, Agus, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Abdullah Bin Arif, and Evan Wijaya. "PENGARUH TEKNIK PELUNAKAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN, DERAJAT PUTIH, DAN BENTUK SERTA UKURAN GRANULA PATI SORGUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench)." Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Kesehatan (The Journal of Food Technology and Health) 3, no. 1 (December 12, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36441/jtepakes.v3i1.535.

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ABSTRAK: Sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) merupakan salah satu serealia sumber karbohidrat yang potensial karena tahan kekeringan, kadar garam tinggi, serta daya adaptasi pertumbuhan yang baik. Kelemahannya biji sorgum keras sehingga sulit diolah dan menghasikan rendemen rendah. Untuk mengatasinya, telah dilakukan teknik pelunakan biji sorgum dengan penyosohan dan perendaman, namun belum optimal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dipelajari 3 metode pelunakan biji sorgum, yaitu (A1) Biji sorgum tidak sosoh tapi direndam air biasa pada suhu ruang selama 12 jam; (A2) Biji sorgum tidak sosoh tapi diseduh air bersuhu 100oC dan didiamkan pada suhu ruang selama 12 jam; (A3) Biji sorgum sosoh satu kali serta direndam air biasa pada suhu ruang selama 12 jam. Mutu pati ditentukan oleh rendemen, derajat putih dan bentuk serta ukuran granula. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata rendemen, derajat putih, dan bentuk serta ukuran granula pati yang berbeda. Teknik pelunakan dengan penyosohan menghasilkan rendemen terendah (42,24%) tetapi derajat putih pati sorgum tertinggi (94,53%). Pati yang dihasilkan berbentuk bulat berukuran 7,82 – 24,26 um. Di mana teknik pelunakan dengan penyeduhan air bersuhu 100°C menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi (49,77%), dengan derajat putih lebih tinggi dibandingkan biji yang direndam air biasa (92,97%) dan pati yang dihasilkan berbentuk bulat dan poligonal dengan ukuran granula 5,02 – 22,40 um, dan teknik pelunakan dengan perendaman air biasa menghasilkan rendemen 48%, derajat putih 92,40% dan granula pati berbentuk bulat, segi lima, dan poligonal dengan ukuran 5,02-22,34 um. ABSTRACT: Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is one of the cereals with potential carbohydrate sources because of its drought resistance, high salt content, and good growth adaptability. The disadvantage is that sorghum seeds are hard so that they are difficult to process and produce low yields. To overcome this, the technique of softening sorghum seeds has been carried out by grinding and soaking, but it has not been optimal. Based on this, three methods of softening sorghum seeds were studied, namely A1: Sorghum seeds were not polished but soaked in plain water at room temperature for 12 hours; A2: Sorghum seeds are not soft, but brewed with water at 98oC and allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours; A3: Sorghum seeds grind once and soak in plain water at room temperature for 12 hours. The quality of starch is determined by the yield, the degree of whiteness and the shape and size of the granules. The results showed that the average value of yield, degree of whiteness, and the shape and size of starch granules were also different. The softening technique by grinding resulted in the lowest yield (42.24%) but the highest whiteness degree of sorghum starch (94.53%). The resulting starch is round in size 7.82 – 24.26 um. Where the softening technique by brewing water at a temperature of 98°C resulted in the highest yield (49.77%), with a higher degree of whiteness than seeds soaked in plain water (92.97%) and the starch produced was round and polygonal with a granule size of 5 .02 – 22.40 um. The softening technique with ordinary water immersion resulted in the yield of 48%, the degree of whiteness 92.40% and the starch granules were round, pentagon, and polygonal in size with a size of 5.02-22.34 um.

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RACHMAN, ABDUL. "PENGARUH WAKTU TANAM SORGUM PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI TEMBAKAU TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS DAN KIMIAWI TEMBAKAU." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.67-72.

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Percobaan lapang telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, 1992, untuk mcmpelajai sifat-sifat agronomis dan kimiawi tembakau pada berbagai waktu tanam sorgum pada sistem tumpangsai tembakau + sorgum. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dai 5 taraf waktu tanam sorgum yaitu 4 dan 2 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau, bersamaan dengan waktu tanam tembakau, 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau. Ukuran petak 10.8 m x 12.0 m. dengan 240 tanaman tembakau per petak dan 720 tanaman sorgum per petak. Analisis N, P, K, nikotin, dan gula beturut- turut dengan Kyeldhal, Spektrofotometi, Flamefotometi, Titrasi dengan NaOH dan Luff-Schroll. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan mempcrcepat waktu tanam sorgum dari 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau menjadi 4 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau sangat menurunkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu. Scbaliknya perlakuan tersebut meningkat¬ kan kadar N-total, P, dan K, dan hasil sorgum tumpangsai, serta tidak berpengaruh pada kadar nikotin, gula, nisbah/nikotin, dan N/nikotin tembakau. Pada keadaan kering yang dialami oleh percobaan ini walaupun hasil tembakau rendah namun mutu hasil masih dalam kisaran yang baik dan persaingan dikuasai oleh tanaman sorgum.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, sorgum bicolor, tumpangsai, waktu tanam ABSTRACTAgronomics and chemicals properties of tobacco under different planting dates ofsorghum in tobacco -Horghum intercropping systemThe ield expeiment was conducted at Pekuwon Expeimental Station, Bojonegoro, in 1992, to study the agronomic and chemical propeties of tobacco grown under diferent planting dates of sorghum in tobacco+sorghum intercropping system. The expeiment was arranged in randomized block design, with 6 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels of sorghum planting, 2 and 4 weeks ater tobacco planting. Plot size was 10.8 m x 12.0 m, with 240 and 720 plants of tobacco and sorghum respectively. The methods for analyses N, P, K, nicotine and sugar analyses were Kyeldhal, Spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, Titration with NaOH, and Luf-Schroll, respectively. The growth, yield, and quality of tobacco were decreased sharply, but the N, P, K contents of the leaves were increased by accelerating planting date of sorghum from 4 weeks ater to 4 weeks before tobacco planting. The content of nicotine, sugar, sugar/nicotine. N/nicotine of the leaves were not afected by this treatment. In dry condition, although the yield of tobacco was low, but the quality was in good category, and the competition in tobacco ♦ sorghum intercropping system was dominated by sorghum.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, sorghum bicolor, intercropping, planting date

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Uyi, Osariyekemwen, Francis P. F. Reay-Jones, Xinzhi Ni, David Buntin, Alana Jacobson, Somashekhar Punnuri, and Michael D. Toews. "Impact of Planting Date and Insecticide Application Methods on Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Infestation and Forage Type Sorghum Yield." Insects 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13111038.

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Studies on the management of the invasive Melanaphis sorghi are essential to refining integrated pest management strategies against M. sorghi in forage sorghum in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of planting date (early planting and late planting) and in-furrow and foliar insecticide application of flupyradifurone, on M. sorghi infestation and forage sorghum yield in Tifton, Georgia and Florence, South Carolina, USA, in 2020 and 2021. Early planted sorghum supported slightly higher aphid density and severity of infestation as evident in the greater cumulative insect days values in the early planted sorghum at both Florence and Tifton in 2020 and 2021. A single foliar application reduced aphid infestations below the threshold level of 50 aphids per leaf. In contrast, in-furrow insecticidal application in selected plots at both locations significantly suppressed M. sorghi density to near-zero levels. Yield results in Florence in 2020 showed that sorghum yield was over 50% greater in early planted plots compared to late planted plots. Both insecticide treatments (foliar and in-furrow) resulted in significantly higher yield than untreated plots. These data indicate that early planting coupled with in-furrow and foliar insecticide applications can suppress M. sorghi infestations and improve silage production in forage sorghum in the USA.

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Puspitasari, May Shiska, and Sutejo Sutejo. "PERSEPSI IBU RUMAHTANGGA TERHADAP PRODUK TEMPE SORGUM DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS." Societa: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 7, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jsct.v7i1.1136.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the perception of housewives about processed sorghum tempe product and its development strategies. This research was conducted in Tugumulyo Subdistrict, Musi Rawas District that is a migrant population area, the majority of which originated from tempe (Java). Data collection was carried out from June to July 2017. The method used was survey method, sampling by simple random sampling which total of 50 housewives. The data analyzed through a Likert scale and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the perception of housewives on the sorghum tempe product variable with an index value of 42.4%, a social class variable with an index value of 36.4%, a psychological variable with an index value of 40.2% and a variable purchase decision with an index value of 38, 6%. The S-O strategy, showed the, triggering coordination between the Industry and Trade Agency and the producer group of tempe sorghum, promoting tempe sorghum through electronic mass media, ensuring precise input techniques and in accordance with the type of land. The W-O strategy, showed utilizing the District Government's support to integrate producer and respondent relationships, fostering the total production capacity of sorghum tempe according to the number of respondents growing, looking for sources of sorghum that are ready for processing from other regions. The S-T strategy, showed spurring the several multi-year action research on wet and dry land Musi Rawas district, prioritizes local equipment without chemicals, ensures the use of high-productivity and high-land production techniques and W-T strategies include selecting areas and farmers who are ready to grow sorghum as needed, providing specialized training on hygienic and quality sorghum tempe production, providing a good Sorghum warehouses near the manufacturers.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi ibu rumahtangga mengenai produk olahan tempe sorgum dan strategi pengembangannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tugumulyo Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penentuan lokasi dengan pertimbangan bahwa di daerah tersebut merupakan daerah penduduk pendatang yang mayoritas dari suku asal tempe (Jawa). Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2017. Metode yang digunakan metode survey, pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling Sebanyak 50 orang ibu rumahtangga. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan skala likert dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian bahwa dilihat dari persepsi ibu rumahtangga terhadap variabel produk tempe sorgum dengan nilai indeks 42,4%, variabel kelas sosial dengan nilai indeks 36,4%, variabel psikologi dengan nilai indeks 40,2% dan variabel keputusan pembelian dengan nilai indeks 38,6%. Strategi S-O antara lain memicu koordinasi Disperindag dengan kelompok produsen tempe sorgum, mempromosikan tempe sorgum melalui media massa elektronik, memastikan teknik produksi tepat input & sesuai jenis lahan. Strategi W-O antara lain memanfaatkan dukungan Pemerintah Kabupaten untuk memadukan hubungan produsen dan responden, membina kapasitas total produksi tempe sorgum sesuai jumlah pertumbuhan responden, mencari sumber sorgum yang siap olah dari daerah lain. Strategi S-T antara lain memacu beberapa riset aksi multi-tahun pada lahan basah dan kering di Kab. Musi Rawas, mengutamakan peralatan lokal tanpa bahan kimia, memastikan pakai teknik produksi unggul berproduktivitas tinggi dan hemat lahan dan strategi W-T antara lain memilih daerah dan petani yang siap dibina menanam sorgum sesuai kebutuhan, menyediakan diklat khusus tentang produksi tempe sorgum higienis dan berkualitas, menyediakan gudang sorgum yang baik di dekat produsen.

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Zakka, T., M. R. Hassan, R. J. Tanko, B. M. Munza, and A. A. Sadiq. "Effect of variety and plant spacing on yield components of two sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor l. Moench)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2883.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of variety, plant spacing and stage of harvest on the forage yield components of two sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at the National Animal Production Research Institute Shika, Zaria. The agronomic study was laid in a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement of a Split Plot Design with three replicates, which consist of two varieties (bush head and sweet sorghums), three plant spacing (15 × 85, 20 × 85 and 25 × 85 cm) and five stages of harvest (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks after sowing), respectively. The forage yield was determined at 14 weeks after sowing (WAS). Leaf length (68.68 cm), stem diameter (7.13 cm), number of leaves per plant (12.02) and leaf area index (2.78) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in bush head sorghum variety. Similarly, plant spacing significantly (p<0.05) affected the leaf area index (LAI) with the highest leaf area index recorded in 15 × 85 cm plant spacing. There was significant (p<0.05) interaction between variety and plant spacing. Stage of harvest significantly (p<0.05) affected all the growth parameters with 14 weeks having the highest (223.88 cm) plant height and 10.37 number of leaves per plant and the stage of harvest at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) recorded the highest 69.84 cm leaf length, 6.82 cm leaf width and 2.46 leaf area index. While stage of harvest at 6 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) also having the highest number of tillers per plant and stem diameter of 1.24 and 6.47 cm respectively. Fresh forage yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher (42.92 t/ha) in bush head sorghum variety not and plant spacing significantly (p<0.05) affected fresh forage and dry matter yields at 14 weeks after sowing (WAS). The highest fresh forage yield (41.81 t/ha) and dry matter yield (7.99 t/ha) were recorded in 15 × 85 cm plant spacing. It was concluded, that harvesting of Sorghum bicolor bush head and sweet sorghum varieties for forage is to be best carried out at 14 weeks after sowing for better forage productivity. L'étude a été menée pour évaluer les effets de la variété de sorgho, et faisant l'espace des plantes sur les composantes de rendement fourrage de deux variétés de sorgho (Sorgho bicolore L. Moench) à l'Institut National de Recherche sur la Production Animale Shika, Zaria. L'étude agronomique a été posée dans un 2 × 3 × 5 arrangement factorial d'une conception de parcelle divisée avec trois répliques, qui se composent de deux variétés (leEffect of variety and plant spacing on yield components of two sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor l. Moench)'bush head' et sorghos sucrés), de trois espacements végétaux (15 × 85, 20 × 85 et 25 × 85 cm) et de cinq étapes de récolte (6, 8, 10, 12 et 14 semaines après le semailles), respectivement. Le rendement du fourrage a été déterminé à 14 semaines après la semailles (le 'WAS'). La longueur des feuilles (68,68 cm), le diamètre de la tige (7,13 cm), le nombre de feuilles par plante (12,02) et l'indice de la superficie des feuilles (2,78) étaient significativement (p<0,05) plus élevés dans la variété de sorgho 'bush head'. De même, l'espacement des plantes de façon significative (p<0,05) a affecté l'indice de la superficie des feuilles (le 'LAI') avec l'indice de superficie folio-feuille le plus élevé enregistré en 15 × espacement des plantes de 85 cm. Il y avait une interaction significative (p<0,05) entre la variété et l'espacement des plantes. L'étape de la récolte a eu une incidence importante (p<0,05) sur tous les paramètres de croissance, 14 semaines ayant la hauteur végétale la plus élevée (223,88 cm) et 10,37 le nombre de feuilles par plante et le stade de la récolte à 12 semaines après le semis (WAS) ayant enregistré la longueur de feuilles la plus élevée de 69,84 cm, la largeur des feuilles de 6,82 cm et l'indice de la superficie des feuilles de 2,46 feuilles. Alors que le stade de la récolte à 6 et 10 semaines après le semailles (le 'WAS') a également le plus grand nombre de laboureurs par plante et le diamètre de la tige de 1,24 et 6,47 cm respectivement. Le rendement des fourrages frais était significativement (p<0,05) plus élevé (42,92 t/ha) dans la variété de sorgho de la tête de brousse et l'espacement des plantes de façon significative (p<0,05) affectait les rendements de fourrage frais et de matière sèche à 14 semaines après le semis (le 'WAS'). Le rendement le plus élevé en fourrage frais (41,81 t/ha) et en matière sèche (7,99 t/ha) a été enregistré dans 15 × espacement des plantes de 85 cm. Il a été conclu que la récolte de 'bush head' bicolore de Sorgho et des variétés de sorgho sucré pour le fourrage doit être effectuée au mieux 14 semaines après la semailles pour une meilleure productivité fourragère.

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Wang, Shuai, Bo Li, Hanhua Zhu, Wenjuan Liao, Cong Wu, Quan Zhang, Kaizhao Tang, and Haojie Cui. "Energy Sorghum Removal of Soil Cadmium in Chinese Subtropical Farmland: Effects of Variety and Cropping System." Agronomy 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2023): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102487.

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Planting energy sorghum to remove soil cadmium (Cd) has been selected as an effective phytoremediation method in subtropical farmland in China in recent years. Nevertheless, the effects of energy sorghum species and cropping systems on Cd removal by energy sorghum are still not fully understood. In the present work, biomass sorghum (BS) and sweet sorghum (SS) were planted for screening varieties and comparing the applicability of cropping systems to remove Cd from contaminated soils through batch field experiments. The results indicated that BS had a higher plant height (4.70–75.63%), lower water content in the shoot (4.78–13.49%), greater dry biomass yield (13.21–125.16%), and stronger Cd removal (average 45.71%) compared with SS. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the agronomic traits and Cd accumulation of energy sorghums with genetic regulation of varieties. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis and the structural equation model (SEM) showed that plant height was the crucial agronomic parameter affecting the dry biomass yield, and Cd concentration in the stem was the key factor for evaluating the Cd extraction ability of energy sorghums, which indirectly determined the removal of Cd by energy sorghum together. Furthermore, the regeneration cropping system was the most suitable because of the adaptation to climatic conditions of energy sorghums in subtropical regions of China, and its Cd removal efficiency increased by more than 49% compared with double cropping and single cropping systems, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil in Chinese subtropical farmland.

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Ramalingam, Ajay Prasanth, Williams Mohanavel, Ameena Premnath, Raveendran Muthurajan, P. V. Vara Prasad, and Ramasamy Perumal. "Large-Scale Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Antioxidant, Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Sorghum." Antioxidants 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101511.

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Sorghum is one of the most important food and feed cereal crops and has been gaining industrial importance in recent years for its biofuel, nutraceutical and antioxidant values. A genetic profile variation study was undertaken for the accumulation of phytochemicals in 61 diverse sorghum accessions differing in their growth habitat and grain color through non-targeted Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Mass Spectrometry–Data Independent AnaLysis (MS-DIAL) and MetaboAnalyst identified 221 metabolites belonging to 27 different phytochemicals. Tropical and temperate sorghums were distinct in their metabolic profiles with minimum overlaps, and 51 different metabolites were crucial in differentiating the two groups. Temperate sorghums had the ability to accumulate more of phenolic acids, phytosterols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and tropical sorghums for stress-related amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Grain-color-based Partial Least Square–Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis identified 94 Variable Importance in Projections (VIP) metabolites containing majority of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and phytosterols. This study identified two sorghum lines (IS 7748 and IS 14861) with rich amounts of antioxidants (catechins and epicatechins) belonging to the group of condensed tannins that otherwise do not accumulate commonly in sorghum. Out of 13 metabolic pathways identified, flavonoid biosynthesis showed the highest expression. This study provided new opportunities for developing biofortified sorghum with enhanced nutraceutical and therapeutics through molecular breeding and metabolic engineering.

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Faris, Ashleigh M., Michael J. Brewer, and Norman C. Elliott. "Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem." Insects 13, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13070606.

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Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (sorghum aphid), (=Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an invasive pest of Sorghum bicolor (L.) in North America. Over 19 species of predators and parasitoids have been found to prey on M. sorghi. Natural enemies may reside in vegetation such as sorghum in cultivation (in-season) and persist after harvest (off-season), in Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) (L.) and riparian areas consisting of shrubs and grasses, including Johnson grass. The objective was to assess the ability of these vegetation types to harbor M. sorghi natural enemies during and between annual grain sorghum production. Predator diversity was greatest in riparian vegetation in-season, with twelve species detected across seven families, and four orders of insects. Six lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species were abundant in-season, and Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) persisted at relatively high abundance off-season. Parasitoid diversity was more limited (two primary parasitoids and one hyperparasitoid detected) with the primary parasitoids commonly detected. Aphelinus nigritus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), accounted for 85% and 57% of parasitoids in- and off-season, respectively. Aphelinus nigritus abundance was steady across the annual sorghum season in all vegetation types. Results from this study will inform land-management strategies on how diverse vegetations can play a role in the biological control of M. sorghi.

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Rasyid, Maya Indra, Nancy Dewi Yuliana, and Slamet Budijanto. "Karakteristik Sensori dan Fisiko-Kimia Beras Analog Sorghum dengan Penambahan Rempah Campuran (Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics of Sorghum Rice Analogue by Mixed Spices Addition)." Agritech 36, no. 4 (February 25, 2017): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.16762.

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The purpose of this study was to obtain the formula of sorghum rice analogue by mixed spices addition with acceptable sensory and physico-chemical characteristics. The selection of sorghum rice analogue formula was tested by using hedonic test with 70 untrained panelists. The addition of mixed spices powder was as follows: 30 % onion, 20 % garlic, 10 % bay leaves, 20 % ginger and 20 % lemongrass. Those mixed spices powder were added to the sorghum rice analogue at percentage of 0.25 %, 0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 % and 0 % (control) from total dough weight. The sorghum rice analogue was made using extrusion technology (a twin screw extruder). The overall sensory evaluation result showed that the addition of spice mixed had significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the characteristics of sorghum rice analogue. The panelists accepted the sorghum rice analogue with 1% mixed spice. The preferred formulation was the addition of 1% mixed spice which contain of 9.56 % moisture, 0.72 % ash, 0.53 % fat, 6.22 % protein, 92.53 % carbohydrate, 26.48 % amyloseand 6,67 % dietary fiber. Sorghum rice analogue enriched by spices is a potential as a rich fiber source.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan formula beras analog berbahan dasar sorgum dengan penambahan rempah campuran yang dapat diterima secara sensori. Pemilihan formula dilakukan dengan uji hedonik menggunakan 70 orang panelis tidak terlatih. Rempah yang ditambahkan berupa bubuk rempah campuran yang terdiri atas bawang merah 30%, bawang putih 20 %, daun salam 10 %, jahe 20 % dan sereh 20 %. Penambahan bubuk rempah campuran untuk pembuatan beras analog sorghum berturut-turut 0,25 %, 0,5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 % dan kontrol (tanpa rempah) dari total berat adonan diluar air. Beras analog sorghum dibuat dengan teknologi ekstrusi menggunakan ekstruder ulir ganda. Hasil uji sensori secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan rempah campuran berpengaruh nyata (p <0,05) terhadap nasi beras analog yang dihasilkan. Panelis menyukai formula beras analog sorghum dengan penambahan 1 % rempah campuran. Beras analog sorghum dengan penambahan 1% rempah campuran memiliki kadar air 9,56 %, abu 0,72 %, lemak 0,53 %, protein 6,22 %, karbohidrat 92,53 %, amilosa 26,48 % dan serat pangan 6,67 %. Beras analog sorgum yang diperkaya dengan rempah campuran memiliki potensi sebagai pangan kaya serat.

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Suminar, Ratna, Suwarto, and Heni Purnamawati. "Determination of N, P, and K Fertilizer Optimum Rates for Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 22, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.1.6.

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Setiyaningrom, Indah Tri Intan, Sri Damanti, and Endang Saptiningsih. "Pola Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Dengan Perlakuan Monosodium Glutamat." Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi 7, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/baf.7.1.2022.60-65.

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Sorgum merupakan bahan pangan alternatif yang berpotensi besar dikembangkan di Indonesia. Monosodium glutamat merupakan bahan penguat rasa dengan komposisi berupa natrium dan glutamat, yang bermanfaat pada proses pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dosis efektif monosodium glutamat terhadap pola pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal berupa dosis MSG dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu 0 g/tanaman, 3 g/tanaman, 6 g/tanaman dan 9 g/tanaman. Perlakuan diberikan dengan cara menaburkan MSG di sekitar daerah perakaran sorgum setiap satu minggu sekali. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah daun, luas daun dan tinggi tanaman yang didata setiap minggu sekali, dari minggu kedua sampai minggu kedelapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman sorgum dengan perlakuan MSG berpengaruh meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengubah pola pertumbuhan sorgum. Dosis 3 g/tanaman menunjukkan peningkatan pola pertumbuhan lebih cepat. Sorghum is an alternative crop with great potential to develop in Indonesia. Monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer with a composition of sodium and glutamate, which is beneficial for plant growth processes. This research aims to examine the effective dose of monosodium glutamate on the growth pattern of sorghum plants. This research used a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the form of MSG dose with 4 treatment levels, namely 0 g/plant, 3 g/plant, 6 g/plant, and 9 g/plant. The treatment was given by sprinkling MSG around the sorghum root area once a week. The parameters measured were the number of leaves, leaf area, and plant height, which were recorded once a week, from the second week to the eighth week. The results showed that sorghum with MSG treatment affected increasing growth and changed the growth pattern of sorghum. The dose of 3 g/plant showed an increased growth pattern.

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CASIRAGHI, ALICE, NICOLA ADDELFIO, NICOLA M. G. ARDENGHI, and NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO. "FIRST RECORD OF MELANAPHIS SORGHI (THEOBALD, 1904) (HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE) IN ITALY AND SPAIN." Redia 106 (August 30, 2023): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-106.23.09.

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The sorghum aphid Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) is recorded for the first time in mainland Italy (Florence, Tuscany region, Italy) and Spain (Vinalesa, Valencia Region, Spain) on Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Data on its biology, worldwide distribution and notes on its pest behaviour are given. Melanaphis sorghi had previously been recorded from Greece (in 2008), Cyprus and Israel. The records of this species in Iran and Turkey need confirmation. Key Words: Sorghum aphid, alien species, pest, Italy, Iberian Peninsula

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Teetes, G. L., C. S. Manthe, G. C. Peterson, K. Leuschner, and B. B. Pendleton. "Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe." Insect Science and Its Application 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018336.

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AbstractSeedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.

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Lin, Y. R., K. F. Schertz, and A. H. Paterson. "Comparative analysis of QTLs affecting plant height and maturity across the Poaceae, in reference to an interspecific sorghum population." Genetics 141, no. 1 (September 1, 1995): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.1.391.

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Abstract Correspondence among QTLs affecting height and/or flowering was investigated across the five races of sorghum, an interspecific sorghum F2 population, and 32 previously published sorghum, maize, rice, wheat, and barley populations revealing 185 QTLs or discrete mutants. Among nine QTLs mapped in the interspecific sorghum population (six affecting height and three affecting flowering), at least seven (78%) are associated with "conversion," backcross-introgression of alleles imparting reduced height or earlier flowering from cultivated sorghums into one or more exotic Sorghum bicolor races. One chromosomal region was "converted" in all S. bicolar races--in the interspecific F2, this region explained 54.8% of height variation (putatively the Dw2 gene) and 85.7% of flowering time variation (putatively Ma1). Comparative data suggest that Ma1 and Dw2 orthologs influence height and flowering of other Poaceae taxa and support classical dogma that the sorghum phenotypes attributed to Ma1 and Dw2 (respectively) are due to different genetic loci. Other sorghum QTLs also showed correspondence with those in other Poaceae, more frequently than would be expected by chance. Possible homoeologous QTLs were found within both the maize and sorghum genomes. Comparative QTL mapping provides a means to unify, and thereby simplify, molecular analysis of complex phenotypes.

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Mezgebe, Abadi G., John R. N. Taylor, and Henriëtte L. de Kock. "Influence of Waxy (High Amylopectin) and High Protein Digestibility Traits in Sorghum on Injera Sourdough-Type Flatbread Sensory Characteristics." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121749.

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Injera, an East African leavened sourdough fermented pancake has remarkable textural properties despite being made from non-wheat flours. However, teff flour, which produces the best quality injera, is expensive and limited in availability. The effects of waxy (high amylopectin) and high protein digestibility (HD) traits in sorghum on injera quality were studied. Eight white tan-plant sorghum lines expressing these traits in various combinations and three normal sorghum types were studied, with teff flour as reference. Descriptive sensory profiling of fresh and stored injera revealed that injera from waxy sorghums were softer, spongier, more flexible and rollable compared to injera from normal sorghum and much closer in these important textural attributes to teff injera. Instrumental texture analysis of injera similarly showed that waxy sorghum injera had lower stress and higher strain than injera from normal sorghum. The improved injera textural quality was probably due to the slower retrogradation and better water-holding of amylopectin starch. The HD trait, however, did not clearly affect injera quality, probably because the lines had only moderately higher protein digestibility. In conclusion, waxy sorghum flour has considerable potential for the production of gluten-free sourdough fermented flatbread-type products with good textural functionality.

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Kansaye, Aly, Baloua Nebié, Laya Kansaye, Eugénie Nantoiallah, Gaoussou Dicko, and Ousmane Niangaly. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SUGAR SORGHUM VARIETIES (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) FOR GRAIN AND SUGAR YIELD UNDER TWO GROWING CONDITIONS IN THE SUDANO-SAHELIAN ZONE OF SAMANKO, MALI." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 11, no. 01 (January 8, 2023): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i01.ah01.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) constitutes a food source for millions of people. Nowadays, sweet sorghums have the same interest as sugarcane. Traditional sweet sorghums have a high level of juice and sugar but a low grain yield. New sweet sorghum varieties have been developed by ICRISAT. In order to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on some agronomic and biochemical parameters of these new varieties, a study entitled "Characterization of new sweet sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for their grain and sugar yield under two growing conditions in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Samanko, Mali" was carried out. The trial was set up in an alpha lattice design with 2 replications. The treatments consisted of 48 sweet sorghum varieties, with 3 grain varieties as controls. Observations focused on agro-morphological parameters and sugar yield components. The results showed a high significance difference between lines for all variables measured except vigor at emergence. On soil with DAP application, 50% of the lines with a cycle of 263 to 273 Julian days had a grain yield higher than 2 t/ha. Only one line (L17) was earlier and more stable in both environments with a cycle of 271 to 273 Julian days. On soil without DAP application, only line L40 had an average yield gain of 2t/ha above the local control (Tieblé). The best performances in sugar concentration were obtained in High-P with 10 lines whose Brix varied from 18% to 20.25% and 15.3% to 17.7% in Low P.

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Ahn, Ezekiel, Louis K. Prom, and Clint Magill. "Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Studies of Sorghum bicolor Regarding Resistance to Anthracnose, Downy Mildew, Grain Mold and Head Smut." Pathogens 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060779.

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Multivariate linear mixed models (mvLMMs) are widely applied for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect genetic variants affecting multiple traits with correlations and/or different plant growth stages. Subsets of multiple sorghum populations, including the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP), the Sorghum Mini Core Collection and the Senegalese sorghum population, have been screened against various sorghum diseases such as anthracnose, downy mildew, grain mold and head smut. Still, these studies were generally performed in a univariate framework. In this study, we performed GWAS based on the principal components of defense-related multi-traits against the fungal diseases, identifying new potential SNPs (S04_51771351, S02_66200847, S09_47938177, S08_7370058, S03_72625166, S07_17951013, S04_66666642 and S08_51886715) associated with sorghum’s defense against these diseases.

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Avif, Adnan Nur, and Aptika Oktaviana Trisna Dewi. "Analisis Kandungan Zat Gizi, Fenol, Flavonoid, Fitat, dan Tanin pada Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor (L.) Moench)." Nutri-Sains: Jurnal Gizi, Pangan dan Aplikasinya 6, no. 2 (November 20, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ns.2022.6.2.7083.

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This research studied the nutrition, phenols, flavonoids, phytates, and tannins of kawali and bioguma sorghum. The samples were obtained from marketplaces harvested in East Nusa Tenggara. Analysis of nutrients in sorghum includes tests for water content (gravimetry), ash (ashing), fat (soxhlet), crude fiber (enzymatic), and protein (kjeldahl). The water content, protein, fat, ash, and crude fiber content in the Kawali variety was relatively higher than in the Bioguma variety. Still, the carbohydrate content (by difference) was lower, namely 72.92% and 77.47% for the Bioguma variety. Phytate content (403.95 vs. 105.59) mg/100g, phenolics (1519.88 vs. 591.76) mg/100g, tannins (611.50 vs. 155.35) mg/100g, and flavonoids (42.45 vs. 10.52) mg/100g in kawali sorghum are almost four times higher than the bioguma variety. Two varieties of sorghum have different appearances and nutritional contents. The Kawali variety of sorghum has higher phenol, flavonoid, tannin, and phytate content than the Bioguma variety.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan zat gizi, fenol, flavonoid, fitat, dan tanin dari sorgum jenis kawali dan bioguma. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari lokapasar yang dipanen di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Analisis zat gizi dalam sorgum meliputi uji kadar air (gravimetri), abu (pengabuan), lemak (soxhlet), serat kasar (enzimatis), dan protein (kjeldahl). Analisis komponen non gizi meliputi fitat, fenolik, tanin, dan flavonoid dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air, protein, lemak, abu, dan serat kasar dalam varietas kawali relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas bioguma. Adapun kadar karbohidrat (by difference) lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 72,92% dan 77,47% untuk varietas Bioguma. Kadar senyawa fitat (403,95 vs 105,59) mg/100g, fenolik (1519,88 vs 591,76) mg/100g, tanin (611,50 vs 155,35) mg/100g dan flavonoid (42,45 vs 10,52) mg/100g dalam sorgum kawali lebih tinggi hampir empat kali lipat dibanding varietas bioguma. Kedua varietas sorgum tersebut memiliki penampilan dan kandungan zat gizi yang berbeda. Sorgum varietas kawali memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, dan fitat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas bioguma.

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Syafruddin, Muhammad, Mohd Harisudin, and Emi Widiyanti. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SORGUM DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 12, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v12i1.14204.

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This study aims to determine the potential of sorghum as compared to other food commodities, the condition of internal and external factors of sorghum, and alternative strategies that can be applied in Wonigiri. This study uses descriptive analytical basis. The research location in Wuryantoro, Eromoko, Pracimantoro, Giritontro, and Batuwarno on Wonogiri. The informants are choosen intentionally (purposive). The data analysis that has been used is Exponential Comparative Method (ECM) and SWOT Matrix. ECM analytical result shows that sorghums currently ranks six compared with eight other food commodities with a value of ECM 14.535.912,505.SWOT matrix produced eight alternative strategies that can be applied in Wonogiri. The expansion of planting area and guidance from goverment, guidance on grain sorghum processing into refined products, conduct the bussiness meeting with investors for large-scale processing of sorghum, counseling and regular coaching on how to make good cultivation of sorghum, provision of training and support of postharvest technology, cooperation with the food processing industry, the government’s role in determining the selling price and the promotion of sorghum, increased interaction between researchers, extension, marketers, policymakers and farmers.

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Isakeit, T., G. N. Odvody, and R. A. Shelby. "First Report of Sorghum Ergot Caused by Claviceps africana in the United States." Plant Disease 82, no. 5 (May 1998): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.592a.

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In March 1997, ergot was found on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) regrowth in several abandoned commercial grain sorghum fields in Cameron and Hidalgo counties in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. White sphacelia in florets produced honeydew containing macrospores (hyaline, oblong to oval, 10 to 25 μm × 5 to 7 μm) and microspores (hyaline, spherical, 3 μm in diameter). Macrospores germinated iteratively to form secondary conidia when placed on water agar and in situ following rain. Secondary conidia were hyaline, pyriform, with a protruding hilum, and measured 10 to 17 μm × 5 to 7 μm. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis detected the alkaloid di-hydroergosine in sphacelia, which is unique to C. africana (1). The pathogen was also confirmed on adjacent johnsongrass (S. halepense). The spread of ergot across Texas was associated with the progressive maturation of the commercial sorghum crop as follows: LRGV (mid-May), Coastal Bend near Corpus Christi (June), Winter Garden area southwest of San Antonio (July), and the seed production region of the Texas Panhandle (mid-August). Ergot incidence ranged from a trace to 10% of the heads in (self-fertile) grain sorghum fields of the LRGV. Most heads had only a few infected florets, but a few heads had 35 to 50% of the florets infected. Only trace amounts were found in grain sorghum fields in other areas of the state. Incidence and severity of ergot were greatest in fields of male-sterile sorghums grown for forage. Ergot was generally low in primary heads of male-sterile sorghums in hybrid seed production fields but, in the absence of pollen, axillary tillers sometimes developed high levels of ergot. The major impact of sorghum ergot is expected to be in hybrid seed production fields in the High Plains of Texas. Reference: (1) D. E. Frederickson et al. Mycol. Res. 95:1101, 1991.

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Wu, Yong-Pei, Yu-Chi Chang, Su-Chen Kuo, Dah-Jing Liao, Ting-Yu Shen, Hsin-I. Kuo, Sheng-Wen Wang, and Yu-Chien Tseng. "The Breeding of Waxy Sorghum Using Traditional Three-Line Method and Marker-Assisted Selection." Agriculture 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2023): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13112054.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) exhibits drought resistance and environmental adaptability, making it a crucial cereal crop for semi-arid regions. It has a wide range of uses, including as food, feed, brooms, alcohol production, and bioethanol. In particular, Taiwan imports nearly 50,000 tons of sorghum annually, primarily for the production of sorghum liquor. However, the ideal raw material for high-quality sorghum liquor is waxy sorghum, and not all sorghum varieties imported or promoted in Taiwan are of this waxy type. Consequently, there is a shortage of sufficient waxy sorghum raw materials to meet the demands of the Taiwan market. The occurrence of waxy sorghum (wx) is caused by the mutation of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBBS I), and there are currently several known types of mutants, carrying different wxa, wxb, and wxc waxy alleles. Among them, wxc is a novel mutation type, and in native sorghum in Taiwan, individuals with the waxy allele wxc have been found. The three-line method is a commonly used breeding strategy, which simplifies the process of emasculation to obtain hybrid F1 offspring. In this study, imported sorghum variety Liangnuo No.1 (with male sterility), native glutinous sorghum variety SB6 from Taiwan (carrying the wxc waxy allele), and sorghum reference genome variety BTx623 were used as research materials. The goal was to use the three-line method to produce waxy sorghums, including the male sterile line (A-line), male sterile maintenance line (B-line), and fertility-restoring line (R-line). The breeding results showed that by using backcross breeding, molecular-assisted selection, and traditional field selection methods, high-quality three-line materials (A-, B-, R-lines, named CNA1, CNB1 CNR1, respectively) and F1 hybrid (CNH1) with favorable agronomic traits and yield quality were successfully obtained.

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Al-Ansori, Muhammad Abdul Latif, Yadi Setiadi, and Basuki Wasis. "Deteksi Potensi Fitotoksisitas Aluminium Pada Tanah Toksik Di Lahan Reklamasi Kawasan Hutan Dengan Bioassay Sorgum." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.9.3.205-210.

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Aluminium (Al) phosphotoxicity is the most common constraint in acidic soil. Information on potential Al phytotoxicity is required in revegetation planning, monitoring of this information is generally done through laboratory analysis procedure in the laboratory that requires high cost and time. The purposes of this study were to test the method of quick detection of Al phytotoxicity with sorghum bioassay. Soil samples taken from post-gold mining land in Bolaang Mongondow Regency of North Sulawesi Province were analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties then planted with numbu varieties of sorghum with complete randomized design, sorghum growth performance response and its correlation with soluble Al and pH were analyzed and then the symptoms occured from Al-toxicity on sorghum were observed. Sorgum responds to Al-toxicity by showing symptoms of shortening and thickening of the roots and stunted growth performance. Sorghum growth performance has significant negative correlation with soluble Al concentration on soil, and soil acidity showed a stronger correlation. Al-phytotoxicity symptom in sorghum at pH below 3.7 begins to be clearly visible and easily observed, this distinct appearance difference makes sorghum potential to be used as bioindicator to detect Al- phytotoxicity on the soil.Keywords: Aluminium phytotoxicity, sorghum, post-mining revegetation

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Kumar, Brijesh, Magan Singh, Ajay Kumar, Rekha Rana, Sandeep Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, and Ankit Kumar Singh. "Sweet Sorghum Utilization for Dual-Purpose: FeedFodder and Fuel Production (A review)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 02 (2024): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02.072.

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Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a versatile crop with a growing reputation for its multifaceted applications in the agriculture and energy sectors. The potential of sweet sorghum as a dual-purpose crop for both feed fodder and fuel production, shedding light on its economic and environmental advantages. In recent years, the livestock industry has recognized sweet sorghum’s nutritional value as feed fodder, owing to its high fibre, sugar, and protein content. Sweet sorghum’s resilience to adverse weather conditions and its ability to thrive in diverse agroecological zones makes it an attractive choice for livestock farmers seeking sustainable and cost-effective feed alternatives. Beyond its role in livestock nutrition, sweet sorghum presents a compelling case as a feedstock for biofuel and bioenergy production. The plant’s high sugar content, coupled with its relatively low input requirements, positions it as a promising source for bioethanol and biogas production. Its potential to sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions further aligns sweet sorghum with sustainability goals in the bioenergy sector. Additionally, the potential environmental benefits, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved soil health, are discussed. This study underscores the importance of further research, policy support, and investment in sweet sorghum to unlock its full potential in dual-purpose agriculture and renewable energy production.

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Koima, Irene Njeri, Dora Chao Kilalo, Charles O. Orek, John Maina Wagacha, and Evans N. Nyaboga. "Survey of Fungal Foliar and Panicle Diseases in Smallholder Sorghum Cropping Systems in Different Agro-Ecologies of Lower Eastern Kenya." Microbiology Research 13, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13040055.

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Sorghum is a staple food crop and plays a critical role in subsistence farming in Kenya due to its adaptability to marginal agro-ecological zones. However, fungal diseases are among the major biotic constraints of sorghum production, causing over 70% yield loss in susceptible cultivars. Information on the distribution and severity of fungal diseases is important to establish efficient and improved strategies for integrated disease management of sorghum fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, severity and spatial distribution of fungal diseases on sorghum across agro-ecological zones of lower eastern Kenya. A total of 384 smallholder farmers’ fields were surveyed, and in each field, 30 plants were assessed for prevalence and incidence of fungal diseases using a W-shaped pattern to cover the whole field. Sorghum anthracnose was the most prevalent disease (71%), followed by leaf blight (70.18%), rust (68.41%), smut (63.02%), sorghum mildew (55.33%), Alternaria leaf spot (48.39%) and rough leaf spot (46.02%). Disease prevalence, incidence and severity varied among the investigated agro-ecological zones. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in fungal disease severity across the investigated agro-ecological zones. Spatially interpolated disease maps showed a high variation in the distribution of various sorghum fungal diseases across the investigated agro-ecological zones of lower eastern Kenya. Morpho-cultural identification revealed the association of Colletotrichum sublineola with anthracnose, Curvularia lunata and Bipolaris cynodontis with leaf blight, Puccinia purpurea with rust, Peronosclerospora sorghi with downy mildew, Alternaria alternata with Alternaria leaf spot, Ascochyta sorghi with rough leaf spot and Sporisorium sorghi with covered kernel smut symptoms. Information obtained in this study will be useful to update knowledge on sorghum fungal diseases and provide a basis for the development of strategies for management and control of the investigated diseases.

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Okori, P., P. R. Rubaihayo, A. Ekwamu, J. Fahleson, and C. Dixelius. "Genetic Characterization of Cercospora sorghi from Cultivated and Wild Sorghum and Its Relationship to Other Cercospora Fungi." Phytopathology® 94, no. 7 (July 2004): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.7.743.

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Genetic variability and population structure of Cercospora sorghi from wild and cultivated sorghum were investigated to gain insight into their potential impact on epidemics of gray leaf spot of sorghum in Africa. Population structure was examined using data derived from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of C. sorghi by Nei's test for population differentiation, GST, and analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA). Two ecological populations of C. sorghi in Uganda were devoid of population structure (GST = 0.03, фFST = 0.01, P = 0.291). AMOVA revealed that genetic variability was due mainly to variations within (99%) rather than between (0.35%) populations, and Nei's genetic distance between the two populations was 0.014. Phenetic analysis based on AFLP data and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA and mitochondrial small subunit rDNA separated Cercospora cereal pathogens from dicot pathogens but did not differentiate among C. sorghi isolates from wild and cultivated sorghum. Our results indicate that Ugandan populations of C. sorghi compose one epidemiological unit and suggest that wild sorghum, while not affecting genetic variability of the pathogen population, provides an alternative host for generating additional inoculum.

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Trianingtyas, Andhira, Nurheni Wijayanto, and Supriyanto Supriyanto. "Analisis Pertumbuhan Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) dan Produktivitas Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Galur G55 dan BIOSS-04 dalam Sistem Agroforestri." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.141-147.

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needs was decreasing. So it needs a system that maximizes land one of them is agroforestry. Agroforestry will combine mindi tree (Melia azedarach L.) were 2 years old with a spacing of 2.5 mx 2.5 m, and agricultural crops is sorgum strain of SEAMEO BIOTROP development results that G55 is a BMR (Brown midrib) strain and BIOSS 04 which belonging in sweet sorghum. The research purpose is to analyze the growth of mindi on agroforestry systems and monoculture and analyze the growth and productivity of sorghum on agroforestry systems and monoculture. The results showed growth of mindi as high tree, diameter of stem, canopy and root diameter larger on agroforestry than monocultures. Growth and productivity of sorghum in the two strains showed lower on agroforestry cropping pattern. Sorghum G55 and BIOSS 04 strains can grow under mindi trees but can not produce optimally. Keywords: Agroforestri, Melia azedarach, Sorghum bicolor

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Barbosa, Flavia C. R., Carlos R. Casela, Ludwig H. Pfenning, and Fredolino G. Santos. "Identification of sources of resistance in sorghum to Peronosclerospora sorghi." Fitopatologia Brasileira 30, no. 5 (October 2005): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582005000500010.

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The main objective of this work was to identify sources of resistance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to Peronosclerospora sorghi, the causal agent of downy mildew, through the evaluation of 42 sorghum genotypes under natural infection in the field. Genotypes were planted in single row plots between two rows of the susceptible line SC283, planted 30 days before, to act as spreader rows, in two separate nurseries. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replications. Sorghum genotypes CMSXS156, CMSXS157, CMSXS243, TxARG-1, 8902, 9902054, 9910032, 9910296, Tx430, QL-3, SC170-6-17, CMSXS762 and BR304 were classified as highly resistant in both nurseries. Among these, SC170-6-17 and 9910296 showed 0% systemic infection. Results indicated the possible occurrence of different pathotypes of P. sorghi in the two nurseries.

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Stutts, Lauren R., and Wilfred Vermerris. "Elucidating Anthracnose Resistance Mechanisms in Sorghum—A Review." Phytopathology® 110, no. 12 (December 2020): 1863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-20-0132-rvw.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most cultivated cereal crop in the world, traditionally providing food, feed, and fodder, but more recently also fermentable sugars for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola, the causal agent of anthracnose disease in sorghum, is prevalent in the warm and humid climates where much of the sorghum is cultivated and poses a serious threat to sorghum production. The use of anthracnose-resistant sorghum germplasm is the most environmentally and economically sustainable way to protect sorghum against this pathogen. Even though multiple anthracnose resistance loci have been mapped in diverse sorghum germplasm in recent years, the diversity in C. sublineola pathotypes at the local and regional levels means that these resistance genes are not equally effective in different areas of cultivation. This review summarizes the genetic and cytological data underlying sorghum’s defense response and describes recent developments that will enable a better understanding of the interactions between sorghum and C. sublineola at the molecular level. This includes releases of the sorghum genome and the draft genome of C. sublineola, the use of next-generation sequencing technologies to identify gene expression networks activated in response to infection, and improvements in methodologies to validate resistance genes, notably virus-induced and transgenic gene silencing approaches.

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Mangshin, Godwin, G. Gana, and B. M. Munza. "Sorghum Genetic Diversity in Africa: A Mini-Review." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 2, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v2i2.54.

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Cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food security crop in the worlds semi-arid regions, including Africa and Asia. Genetic diversity in crops is an essential element necessary for any crop improvement programme. The study seeks to assess the causes of genetic diversity loss in Africa and possible solutions to diversity loss problems in Africa. High genetic diversity at local, regional and continental levels within Africa was reported by most of the studies reviewed. The trend of sorghum diversity in Africa remains unclear as some studies suggest an increase in sorghum's genetic diversity, while others suggest a loss in genetic diversity over the years. Replacement of farmers’ variety with improved variety, population increase, climate change, a shift in the cropping system, and reduced derived benefits from certain crop varieties have reported as the major causes of diversity loss in Africa. The in-situ conservation practiced in the centers of diversity of sorghum has been a predominant key player in mitigating diversity loss in sorghum. This approach emphasizes the vital role of farmers’ selection in generating and maintaining crop diversity in participatory plant selection and introducing new varieties where farmers grow improved varieties. Farmers’ landraces were also found to improve the sorghum's genetic base, thereby mitigating diversity loss in sorghum. The extent and trend of genetic diversity and the causes of diversity loss observed in this study could provide a basis for genetic resource conservation and utilization of sorghum germplasm in Africa.

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Paudyal, Sulochana, John Scott Armstrong, Kristopher L. Giles, Mark E. Payton, George P. Opit, and Ankur Limaje. "Categories of Resistance to Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Among Sorghum Genotypes." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 1932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz077.

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Abstract The sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnter) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has emerged as a potential threat to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production in the United States. Since the late summer of 2013, finding and advancing M. sacchari-resistant germplasm has been a priority for all stakeholders involved. We evaluated 23 sorghum genotypes for resistance to the sugarcane aphid by testing for tolerance, and antixenosis. In addition, nine sorghum germplasm were evaluated for the expression of antibiosis. Free-choice and no-choice tests were conducted to explore the functional categories of resistance. Levels of resistance to M. sacchari were compared with the known resistant ‘TX 2783’ and the susceptible ‘KS 585’. Sorghum entries AG1201, AG1301, W844-E, and DKS 37-07 were identified as expressing tolerance, antibiosis, and antixenosis, while H13073 expressed antibiosis and GW1489 expressed both tolerance and antibiosis. These resistant sorghums identified during this study will have a significant impact on reducing economic damage from the sugarcane aphid infestations.

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Lansac, A. R., C. Y. Sullivan, and B. E. Johnson. "Accumulation of free proline in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-006.

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Suboptimal temperatures cause grain yield reductions generally associated with low seed-set in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Low proline concentration in pollen has been associated with cold-induced male sterility. This study was done to (i) determine free proline concentrations in grain sorghum pollen after low temperature exposure, (ii) determine the relationship between seed-set and proline concentration in pollen, and (iii) determine the association of proline concentration in pollen with grain yield in sorghums of different maturity. Eleven sorghum genotypes, grown in a greenhouse at 27/22 °C (day/night) until the early boot stage were transferred to 20/10 °C in growth chamber until physiological maturity. Concentration of proline in pollen was determined at anthesis and related to seed number and grain yield. Proline concentrations in pollen increased from 19 to 36 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. to 30 to 49 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. at low temperatures. Seed number and grain yield were reduced by low temperature in most of the genotypes. Percent seed-set in male sterile lines was significantly correlated (r = 0.45**) with free proline concentrations in the pollen from 13 fertile hybrids grown under cold or control conditions. Higher concentrations of proline in pollen under cool and also control temperatures seemingly contribute to greater pollen viability in grain sorghum. In 21 sorghum hybrids grown under control temperatures, seed number per panicle was found correlated (r = 0.42*) to free proline concentrations in pollen. Genotypic differences in pollen proline concentration were not associated with differences between maturity groups. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, pollen, free proline, low temperatures, seed-set, grain yield.

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Ahn, Ezekiel, Coumba Fall, Jacob Botkin, Shaun Curtin, Louis K. Prom, and Clint Magill. "Inoculation and Screening Methods for Major Sorghum Diseases Caused by Fungal Pathogens: Claviceps africana, Colletotrichum sublineola, Sporisorium reilianum, Peronosclerospora sorghi and Macrophomina phaseolina." Plants 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2023): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12091906.

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Sorghum is the fifth most important crop globally. Researching interactions between sorghum and fungal pathogens is essential to further elucidate plant defense mechanisms to biotic stress, which allows breeders to employ genetic resistance to disease. A variety of creative and useful inoculation and screening methods have been developed by sorghum pathologists to study major fungal diseases. As inoculation and screening methods can be keys for successfully conducting experiments, it is necessary to summarize the techniques developed by this research community. Among many fungal pathogens of sorghum, here we summarize inoculation and screening methods for five important fungal pathogens of sorghum: Claviceps africana, Colletotrichum sublineola, Sporisorium reilianum, Peronosclerospora sorghi and Macrophomina phaseolina. The methods described within will be useful for researchers who are interested in exploring sorghum-fungal pathogen interactions. Finally, we discuss the latest biotechnologies and methods for studying plant-fungal pathogen interactions and their applicability to sorghum pathology.

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Agustian, Ellananggar, Parwito Parwito, and Dia Novita Sari. "KERAGAAN LIMA VARIETAS SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)." PUCUK : Jurnal Ilmu Tanaman 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58222/pucuk.v1i1.5.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a popular alternative plant as raw material for the bioethanol industry. Sorghum plants have the potential to be developed in Indonesia as an alternative resource, new renewable energy raw materials and their stems and leaves can be used as a potential source of animal feed. This research was conducted from February to June 2020. Located in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ratu Samban Argamakmur University, North Bengkulu Regency, the research objective was to determine the best growth and yield of varieties among the five varieties of sorghum. This research method used a randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, namely, sorghum varieties. Sorghum varieties had a very significant effect on plant height variables of all ages, number of leaves at all ages, leaf width 40 DAS, stem diameter 40 DAS, leaf area 40 DAS, and weight 1000 seeds. In general, the best variety was achieved by the Numbu variety, almost all observations showed that Numbu provided excellent growth in the observation of plant height, leaf length, dry panicle weight and others showed super 2 showed the highest value on stem diameter observations, and kawali on observations. Leaf area and super 1 showed the highest value in the observation of leaf width at the age of 40 days and 45 days after which the highest number was obtained.

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Chernicky, Jon P., and Fred W. Slife. "Comparing a Strain of Illinois Sorghum to Tennessee Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Science 33, no. 3 (May 1985): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082369.

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Uncertainty exists among extension agents and growers in northern Illinois whether a particular sorghum (Sorghumsp.) strain should be identified as johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. ♯ SORHA] or sorghum-almum (Sorghum almumParodi. ♯ SORAL). To reduce confusion over its identity, field studies were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1982 and 1983 to determine if phenotypic differences existed between a johnsongrass strain from Tennessee and the northern Illinois sorghum strain. Three planting dates (May 20, June 3, June 17) were used to determine if time of establishment would affect growth habits and phenotypic expression. Averaged over planting dates, the Illinois sorghum was taller (200 cm vs. 161 cm), produced more seed per panicle (2215 vs. 741), and had a larger shoot to rhizome plus root ratio (2:1 vs. 1:1) and a wider leaf blade (4.6 cm vs. 2.9 cm) than johnsongrass. In contrast, the johnsongrass produced more rhizomes per plant (51 vs. 10) with almost eight times the cumulative rhizome length per plant (778 cm vs. 117 cm). These results were consistent across planting dates. Comparison of chromosome counts from pollen mother cells and root tips showed both johnsongrass and the Illinois sorghum had 2n = 40; thus observed differences between the sorghum strains could not be explained by differences in chromosome number. The northern Illinois sorghum strain more closely resembled sorghum-almum morphologically than the Tennessee johnsongrass.

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Klau, Millenia Feyby, Stella M. T. Tulung, and Edy F. Lengkong. "Effect Of Npk Fertilizer On Growth And Production Of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Plants." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2023): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/jat.v4i1.47139.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one type of cereal plant that has a high nutritional content. The increasing number of people in Indonesia every year is increasing this causes the need for food is also increasing. The current national food production has not been able to meet the needs of the community due to experts in the function of paddy fields, low soil fertility and lack of water, so it is necessary to look for food plants that are able to withstand dry land. Sorghum is one of the solutions for food crops that are able to grow on marginal land, wide adaptation, need little water, suitable for planting on dry land and when the weather is hot. This study aims to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of sorghum. The study was carried out in Tombatu Village, Southeast Minahasa Regency which took place from August to November 2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of five levels of treatment P1 100 kg/ha, P2 200 kg/ha, P3 300 kg/ha, P4 400 kg /ha, P5 500 kg/ha, the treatment was repeated 5 times. Observation variables included dry weight of plantings, planting seed weight, weight of 1000 seeds ,number of seeds filled with plantings, and number of empty seeds from planting . The results showed that a dose of 500 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer gave the best results for dry weight of the plant , planting seed weight, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds filled with plantings, while the number of empty were not affected by the dose of fertilizer given. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Abstrak Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman serealia yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia setiap tahun semakin meningkat hal ini menyebabkan kebutuhan pangan juga semakin meningkat. Produksi pangan nasional yang ada saat ini belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akibat ahli fungsi lahan sawah, kesuburan tanah rendah dan kekurangan air, sehingga perlu dicari tanaman pangan yang mampu tahan pada lahan kering. Tanaman sorgum merupakan salah satu solusi tanaman pangan yang mampu tumbuh di lahan marginal, adaptasi luas, butuh sedikit air, cocok ditanam pada lahan kering dan saat cuaca panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk NPK pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorgum. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tombatu, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara yang berlangsung dari bulan Agustus sampai November 2021. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas lima taraf perlakuan P1 100 kg/ha, P2 200 kg/ha, P3 300 kg/ha, P4 400 kg/ha, P4 500 kg/ha, perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Variabel pengamatan meliputi berat kering pertanaman, berat biji pertanaman, berat 1000 biji, jumlah biji berisi pertanaman, dan jumlah biji hampa pertanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 500 kg/ha memberi hasil terbaik untuk berat kering pertanaman, berat biji pertanaman, berat 1000 biji dan jumlah biji berisi pertanaman sedangkan jumlah biji hampa pertanaman tidak dipengaruhi oleh dosis pupuk yang diberikan. Kata Kunci: Pupuk NPK, Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

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Suvarna, Yashaswini R., Ashwini, K., Shivaleela, Sangeeta I. Macha, and M. Lakshmikanth. "Asertaining Sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench] as an Antidiabetic Plant." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i11380.

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Sorghum, an ancient grain crop with origins in Egypt, holds significant dietary benefits for diabetes. As the fifth most consumed grain globally, it serves as a staple in cereal production and is utilized in various forms, including food, animal feed, and bio-available fuel. Being gluten-free, sorghum is a common ingredient in gluten-free flour blends. The grain's dietary advantages stem from its rich composition of fibre, tannins, phenols, antioxidants, phytochemicals, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and its low-glycemic status. Regularly consuming whole grains like sorghum is linked to a 20-30% lower risk of heart disease and diabetes, improving blood glucose control. Sorghum-based foods have a lower glycemic index, indicating potential benefits in managing postprandial blood glucose levels for diabetes prevention. In vitro studies reveal that decorticated sorghum grains contain substantial flavonoids, making them promising candidates for preventing and treating diabetes and obesity. Anti-diabetic experiments involving oral administration of sorghum grain extract demonstrate a noticeable reduction in blood glucose concentration by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Additionally, sorghum extract improves insulin sensitivity through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Fermented sorghum diets show effectiveness against hyperglycemia and inhibit glucose utilization in the liver. Polyphenol-containing sorghum extract affects plasma lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation by upregulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Studies report that sorghum's anti-diabetic effects are comparable to pharmaceuticals like glibenclamide and acarbose. Integrating sorghum into the regular diet emerges as a contemporary strategy for preventing obesity and diabetes, promoting overall human health. Ongoing research focuses on tannin-rich sorghum genotypes to identify their potential anti-diabetic effects.

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Shehab, A. A., Luhua Yao, Liangliang Wei, Dengke Wang, Yang Li, Xuefeng Zhang, and Yanjun Guo. "The increased hydrocyanic acid in drought-stressed sorghums could be alleviated by plant growth regulators." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 5 (2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20057.

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Droughts not only reduce the biomass of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) but also increase the risk of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) toxicity to animals, mainly due to increased HCN content in drought-stressed plants. In the present study, the variations of HCN contents in 12 sorghum genotypes (10 sweet sorghum cultivars, one Sudangrass and one forage sorghum) were investigated at jointing, filling and ripening stages under rainfed conditions. Next, three genotypes – one sweet sorghum, one Sudangrass and one forage sorghum – were further selected to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of plant growth regulators (PGRs) (abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)) in mitigating the concentrations of HCN in drought-stressed plants in a pot experiment. About 100 µg/L ABA and 100 µg/L MeJA were sprayed separately or together twice on drought-stressed (50 and 75% field water capacity) plant leaf. The drought lasted for 15 days. In the field experiment the HCN content in plants reduced from jointing to filling stages then increased from filling to ripening stages in several cultivars. In the pot experiment, drought increased the HCN accumulation and soluble protein content in leaves of all three genotypes. PGRs overall reduced the HCN contents in drought-stressed sweet sorghum and Sudangrass but not in forage sorghum (except in the ABA+MeJA treatment). However, the soluble protein contents were reduced by PGRs in drought-stressed forage sorghum but not in sweet sorghum (except in the ABA+MeJA treatment) and Sudangrass. Both ABA and MeJA increased the plant weights, whereas only MeJA enhanced net photosynthetic rate (PN) in all three genotypes. PGRs reduced release rate of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in all drought-stressed plants, and reduced the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in sweet sorghum but not in other two genotypes. These results suggest that exogenous ABA and MeJA could increase plant weight and reduce HCN content in drought-stressed sorghums, with varying physiological responsive mechanisms among sorghum genotypes.

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S, GANESH, FAZLULLAH KHAN A.K, and SENTHIL N. "HETEROSIS STUDIES FOR GRAIN YIELD CHARACTERS IN SWEET SORGHUM." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, October (1996): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01079.

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Superior cross combinations for seven grain yield related characters were selected by heterosis study from 42 cross combination of sweet sorghum (7 x 7 diallel cross of six sweet sorghumn variety and one grain sorghum variety). The cross combination AKSS 5 x SSV 84 for more plant height, HES 4 x SSV 108 for earliness and CO 26 x AKSS 5 for better grain yield is recommended from the study

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sorghum'

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