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1
RACHMAN, ABDUL. "PENGARUH WAKTU TANAM SORGUM PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI TEMBAKAU TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS DAN KIMIAWI TEMBAKAU." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.67-72.
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<p>Percobaan lapang telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, 1992, untuk mcmpelajai sifat-sifat agronomis dan kimiawi tembakau pada berbagai waktu tanam sorgum pada sistem tumpangsai tembakau + sorgum. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dai 5 taraf waktu tanam sorgum yaitu 4 dan 2 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau, bersamaan dengan waktu tanam tembakau, 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau. Ukuran petak 10.8 m x 12.0 m. dengan 240 tanaman tembakau per petak dan 720 tanaman sorgum per petak. Analisis N, P, K, nikotin, dan gula beturut- turut dengan Kyeldhal, Spektrofotometi, Flamefotometi, Titrasi dengan NaOH dan Luff-Schroll. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan mempcrcepat waktu tanam sorgum dari 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau menjadi 4 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau sangat menurunkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu. Scbaliknya perlakuan tersebut meningkat¬ kan kadar N-total, P, dan K, dan hasil sorgum tumpangsai, serta tidak berpengaruh pada kadar nikotin, gula, nisbah/nikotin, dan N/nikotin tembakau. Pada keadaan kering yang dialami oleh percobaan ini walaupun hasil tembakau rendah namun mutu hasil masih dalam kisaran yang baik dan persaingan dikuasai oleh tanaman sorgum.</p><p>Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, sorgum bicolor, tumpangsai, waktu tanam</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Agronomics and chemicals properties of tobacco under different planting dates ofsorghum in tobacco -Horghum intercropping system</strong></p><p>The ield expeiment was conducted at Pekuwon Expeimental Station, Bojonegoro, in 1992, to study the agronomic and chemical propeties of tobacco grown under diferent planting dates of sorghum in tobacco+sorghum intercropping system. The expeiment was arranged in randomized block design, with 6 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels of sorghum planting, 2 and 4 weeks ater tobacco planting. Plot size was 10.8 m x 12.0 m, with 240 and 720 plants of tobacco and sorghum respectively. The methods for analyses N, P, K, nicotine and sugar analyses were Kyeldhal, Spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, Titration with NaOH, and Luf-Schroll, respectively. The growth, yield, and quality of tobacco were decreased sharply, but the N, P, K contents of the leaves were increased by accelerating planting date of sorghum from 4 weeks ater to 4 weeks before tobacco planting. The content of nicotine, sugar, sugar/nicotine. N/nicotine of the leaves were not afected by this treatment. In dry condition, although the yield of tobacco was low, but the quality was in good category, and the competition in tobacco ♦ sorghum intercropping system was dominated by sorghum.</p><p>Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, sorghum bicolor, intercropping, planting date</p>
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Chernicky, Jon P., and Fred W. Slife. "Comparing a Strain of Illinois Sorghum to Tennessee Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Science 33, no. 3 (May 1985): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082369.
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Uncertainty exists among extension agents and growers in northern Illinois whether a particular sorghum (Sorghumsp.) strain should be identified as johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. ♯ SORHA] or sorghum-almum (Sorghum almumParodi. ♯ SORAL). To reduce confusion over its identity, field studies were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1982 and 1983 to determine if phenotypic differences existed between a johnsongrass strain from Tennessee and the northern Illinois sorghum strain. Three planting dates (May 20, June 3, June 17) were used to determine if time of establishment would affect growth habits and phenotypic expression. Averaged over planting dates, the Illinois sorghum was taller (200 cm vs. 161 cm), produced more seed per panicle (2215 vs. 741), and had a larger shoot to rhizome plus root ratio (2:1 vs. 1:1) and a wider leaf blade (4.6 cm vs. 2.9 cm) than johnsongrass. In contrast, the johnsongrass produced more rhizomes per plant (51 vs. 10) with almost eight times the cumulative rhizome length per plant (778 cm vs. 117 cm). These results were consistent across planting dates. Comparison of chromosome counts from pollen mother cells and root tips showed both johnsongrass and the Illinois sorghum had 2n = 40; thus observed differences between the sorghum strains could not be explained by differences in chromosome number. The northern Illinois sorghum strain more closely resembled sorghum-almum morphologically than the Tennessee johnsongrass.
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Seiter, Nicholas J., Anne D. Miskelley, Gus M. Lorenz, Neelendra K. Joshi, Glenn E. Studebaker, and Jason P. Kelley. "Impact of Planting Date on Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and Grain Sorghum Yield." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 2731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz230.
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Abstract The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has become a major pest of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the United States in recent years. Feeding by large densities of sugarcane aphids causes severe damage, which can lead to a total loss of yield in extreme cases. Our objective was to determine the effect of grain sorghum planting date on sugarcane aphid population dynamics and their potential to reduce yields. We conducted field experiments from 2015 to 2017 in which an aphid-susceptible grain sorghum hybrid was planted at four different dates, which encompassed the typical range of planting dates used in Arkansas production systems. Plots were either protected from sugarcane aphid feeding using foliar insecticide sprays, or left untreated to allow natural populations of sugarcane aphids to colonize and reproduce freely. Planting date impacted both the magnitude and severity of sugarcane aphid infestations, with the highest population densities (and subsequent reductions in sorghum yield) generally occurring on plots that were planted in May or June. Sugarcane aphid feeding reduced yields in the untreated plots in two of the four planting date categories we tested. Earlier planting generally resulted in less sugarcane aphid damage and improved yields compared with later planting dates. While the effect of planting date on sugarcane aphid populations is likely to vary by region, sorghum producers should consider grain sorghum planting date as a potential cultural tactic to reduce the impact of sugarcane aphid.
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Eberlein, Charlotte V., Timothy L. Miller, and Edith L. Lurvey. "Seasonal Emergence and Growth ofSorghum almum." Weed Technology 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003058x.
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Field studies on time of emergence, influence of planting date on growth and reproduction, and winter survival of rhizomes were conducted on sorghum-almum grown in corn and crop-free environments. In 1985, peak emergence of sorghum-almum occurred during early May in crop-free plots and mid-May in corn. In 1986, two peaks of emergence, one in early June and one in late June, were noted in both crop-free and corn plots. Emergence after mid-July was 4% or less of the total emerged in 1985, and no sorghum-almum emerged after mid-July in 1986. In planting date studies, sorghum-almum was seeded alone or in corn at 2-week intervals. Corn competition reduced sorghum-almum shoot, rhizome, and root growth at all planting dates. Maximum sorghum-almum seed production was 43 110 seed/plant when grown without competition but only 1050 seed/plant when grown with corn competition. When grown with corn competition, no seed developed on sorghum-almum seeded 6 or more weeks (mid-June or later) after corn planting. Shoot dry weight of sorghum-almum grown with corn competition was 3 g/plant or less for plants seeded 4 or more weeks (early June or later) after corn planting. Therefore, controlling sorghum-almum in corn through mid-June should prevent seed production and corn yield losses due to sorghum-almum competition. Rhizomes produced by sorghum-almum grown alone or with corn competition did not survive the winter; therefore, in Minnesota, sorghum-almum survival from one growing season to the next depends on seed production.
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Upadhyaya, Hari D., Yi-Hong Wang, Dintyala V. S. S. R. Sastry, Sangam L. Dwivedi, P. V. Vara Prasad, A. Millie Burrell, Robert R. Klein, Geoffrey P. Morris, and Patricia E. Klein. "Association mapping of germinability and seedling vigor in sorghum under controlled low-temperature conditions." Genome 59, no. 2 (February 2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0122.
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Sorghum is one of the world’s most important food, feed, and fiber crops as well as a potential feedstock for lignocellulosic bioenergy. Early-season planting extends sorghum’s growing season and increases yield in temperate regions. However, sorghum’s sensitivity to low soil temperatures adversely impacts seed germination. In this study, we evaluated the 242 accessions of the ICRISAT sorghum mini core collection for seed germination and seedling vigor at 12 °C as a measure of cold tolerance. Genome-wide association analysis was performed with approximately 162 177 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Only one marker locus (Locus 7-2) was significantly associated with low-temperature germination and none with vigor. The linkage of Locus 7-2 to low-temperature germination was supported by four lines of evidence: strong association in three independent experiments, co-localization with previously mapped cold tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in sorghum, a candidate gene that increases cold tolerance and germination rate when its wheat homolog is overexpressed in tobacco, and its syntenic region in rice co-localized with two cold tolerance QTL in rice. This locus may be useful in developing tools for molecular breeding of sorghums with improved low-temperature germinability.
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Wicks, Gail A. "Early Application of Herbicides for No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble." Weed Science 33, no. 5 (September 1985): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083144.
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Research on the timing of herbicide application on no-till sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] planted into undisturbed winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stubble was conducted at North Platte, NE, during 1980–1982. Applying some herbicides 41 and 25 days prior to planting sorghum maintained weed control, reduced sorghum injury, and increased sorghum yields when compared to application at planting. It was necessary to apply cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 2.7 kg ai/ha 41 days prior to planting to avoid sorghum injury. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha reduced grass yields 97, 98, and 99%, while reduction with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D at 2.8 + 0.3 kg/ha was 93, 41, and 63%, respectively, when herbicides were applied 0, 25, and 41 days prior to planting.
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Conley, Shawn P., and William J. Wiebold. "Grain Sorghum Response to Planting Date." Crop Management 2, no. 1 (2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2003-0204-01-rs.
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Porfirio, Magno Daniel, Marcela Abbado Neres, Claudia Anete Fuhr, Thiago Henrique da Silva, and Iuli Caetano da Silva Brandão Guimarães. "Effects of row spacing and planting density of forage sorghum on dry matter yield, morphologic parameters, nutritive value, and predicted milk yield of dairy cows." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e36101119374. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19374.
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different row spacings and planting populations on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and predicted milk yield of BRS 658 forage sorghum hybrid growing in Brazilian conditions. A late relative maturity forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; 110 d-115d to soft dough stage; BRS 658 – Embrapa] was planted at 3 row spacing (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) and at 3 planting population (50 x 103, 100 x 103, and 150 x 103 plants.ha-1). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, using 4 replicate plots per row spacing x plant population combination. At harvest, weights of whole-plant sorghum forage were obtained to calculate DM yields. Chemical composition was assessed by performing wet chemistry analysis. Plant height, stem diameter, and harvest were performed 110 days after sowing (DAS). Estimated milk yield per unit of forage and per hectare were calculated using Milk2006. Summative equations were used to predict TDN and NEL. Yield of wet and DM forage sorghum exhibited a negative quadratic response as row spacing increased, reaching the maximum yield response at row spacing of 1.23m and 1.22m, respectively. In addition, negative linear effect was detected for both wet and DM sorghum forage yield as planting density increased. Regarding agronomic measurements, sorghum height exhibited a negative linear pattern as plant density increased. Otherwise, stem diameter increased as planting density increased. Whole-plant sorghum forage DM content decreased linearly with increasing planting density. Conversely, ashes increased linearly as planting density increased. Neutral detergent insoluble protein exhibited a positive quadratic effect with increasing planting density, reaching the minimum value when planting density was 104.2 x 103 plants.ha-1. Finally, a negative quadratic effect for predicted milk yield per hectare was also observed with increasing row spacing, whereas the maximum milk yield per hectare value was detected when row spacing was 1.20m. In conclusion, taking into account a subtropical climate, the ideal row spacing and planting density recommendation for a high yield and nutritional quality sorghum forage are 1.2 m and 104 x 103 plants.ha-1, respectively.
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Dudato, G. M., Ch L. Kaunang, M. M. Telleng, and C. I. J. Sumolang. "KARAKTER AGRONOMI SORGUM VARIETAS SAMURAI II FASE VEGETATIF YANG DITANAM PADA JARAK TANAM BERBEDA." ZOOTEC 40, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.30408.
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AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF VEGETATIVE PHASE SORGUM SAMURAI II VARIETY IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACE. The purpose of this research to determine the agronomic characteristic of Samurai II Sorghum with different planting space. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of four planting space, (1) 70 cm x 40 cm, (2) 50 cm x 30 cm, (3) 40 cm x 20 cm, and (4) 10 cm x 10 cm, each treatment had five replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were agronomic characteristic indicated by plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf. The results showed that different planting space were significant different (P<0.01) on plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf. HSD test showed that planting space 70 cm x 40 cm were significant (P<0.01) have higher plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf than planting space 50 cm x 30 cm, 40 cm x 20 cm, and 10 cm x 10 cm. It can be concluded that planting space 70 cm x 40 cm have the highest agronomic characteristic by producing the highest plant height, number of leaf, width of leaf and length of leaf.Key words: sorghum, planting space, agronomic
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Sibhatu, Berhane, Hayelom Berhe, Gebremeskel Gebrekorkos, and Kasaye Abera. "Effect of Tied Ridging and Fertilizer on the Productivity of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.)Moench] at Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.3.20.
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Water deficit and poor fertility of soil are among the main constraints to sustain production of sorghum in the semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia. Thus, one experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate tied-ridging practice and planting method that maximizes sorghum productivity under rainfed conditions. It was carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Treatments comprised flatbed planting as control; open tied ridge, furrow planting; open tied ridge, planting on ridges; closed tied ridge, furrow planting; and closed tied ridge, planting on ridges were tested separately under fertilized and unfertilized conditions. These treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. According to the current result, days to heading, plant height and panicle length were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced while grain and biomass yields were significantly influenced in both fertilized and unfertilized conditions. Accordingly, the maximum grain yield (3226.70 - 4621.00 kg ha-1) under fertilized and (2678.00 - 4318.80 kg ha-1) unfertilized conditions was obtained from closed tied ridge with planting in furrow. Moreover, the highest biomass yield (6844.40 - 11471.00 kg ha-1) was produced from closed tied ridge integrated with fertilizer in furrow planting. On the other hand, the minimum average yields were obtained from flat planting (farmers' practice) with and without fertilizer. It is concluded that closed tied ridge with planting in furrow can be recommended for sorghum growers in Raya Valley areas and other places with similar agro-ecologies to enhance sorghum yield.
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Knoll, Joseph E., Minori Uchimiya, and Karen Harris-Shultz. "Juice chemical properties of 24 sorghum cultivars under varying levels of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) infestation." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15, no. 5 (September 6, 2021): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09855-z.
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AbstractSugarcane aphids [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] have become a significant pest of grain, forage, and sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the USA in recent years. However, the effects of sugarcane aphid damage on sweet sorghum juice quality have not been well studied. A three-year (2015–2017) field study was conducted at Tifton, GA to assess planting date effects (April, May, or June planting) and cultivar responses (24 cultivars) to sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Aphid damage ratings were measured in all three years and cumulative aphid days were measured in 2016 and 2017. Cumulative aphid days (ln scale) and damage ratings (relative marginal effect) were correlated in five of the six plantings. Stem juice was collected at maturity from seven plantings for chemical analyses, which included HPLC, fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (EEM/PARAFAC), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aphid damage ratings and cumulative aphid days were negatively correlated with sugar-related traits, particularly brix and total sugars. In four plantings, significant negative correlations (r ≤ −0.493) between trans-aconitic acid concentration and aphid damage were observed. Fluorescence and electrochemical properties related to the presence of polyphenols also showed correlations with aphid damage, particularly in the resistant landrace No. 5 Gambela. These secondary metabolites may play a role in sugarcane aphid resistance or tolerance. Stability analysis revealed that the more tolerant cultivars were able to maintain high concentrations of total sugars and trans-aconitic acid across environments.
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Begum, AA, MAK Mian, SMAHM Kamal, MR Karim, RR Saha, and MA Hossain. "Planting System Effects on Intercropping of Gardenpea and Sorghum." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i2.52453.
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The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, Joydebpur and RARS, Burirhat, Rangpur, BARI during Rabi season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to find out suitable combination of sorghum and gardenpea intercropping for higher productivity and monetary advantage. Treatments included in the experiment were: T1 = Sorghum normal row (SNR) + 1 row gardenpea (GP), T2 = SNR + 2 rows GP, T3 = Sorghum paired row (SPR) + 2 rows GP, T4 = SPR + 3 rows GP, T5 = SPR + 4 rows GP, T6 = Sole sorghum (60 cm ´ 10 cm) and T7 = Sole GP (30 cm ´ 10 cm). Light availability on gardenpea decreased with the increase of shade produced by sorghum canopy over the time up to 60 DAS. The lowest light availability on gardenpea was observed in T2 treatment and the highest was observed in sole gardenpea (T7) followed by T3 treatment in both the years. The maximum grain yield of sorghum was observed in T6 and it was decreased (6-10% in 2018-2019 and 1-12% in 2019-2020) at Joydebpur and (5-11% in 2018-2019 and 6-14% in 2019-2020) at Burirhat. The highest sorghum equivalent yield (SEY) of 10.93 t ha-1 in 2018-2019 and 12.02 t ha-1 in 2019-2020 at Joydebpur and 12.06 t ha-1 in 2018-2019 and 11.77 t ha-1 in 2019-2020 at Burirhat and also the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.77 in 2018-2019 and 1.93 in 2019-2020 at Joydebpur and 1.79 in 2018-2019 and 1.81 in 2019-2020 at Burirhatwere observed in T5 treatment. The highest gross margin of Tk.146600 ha-1 in 2018-2019 and Tk.168400 ha-1 in 2019-2020 at Joydebpur and Tk. 169200 ha-1 in 2018-2019 and Tk.163400 ha-1 in 2019-2020 at Burirhat and also the benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.04 in 2018-2019 and 3.34 in 2019-2020 at Joydebpur and 3.35 in 2018-2019 and 3.27 in 2019-2020 at Burirhat were also found in the same treatment. The results revealed that sorghum paired row + 4 rows gardenpea might be agronomically feasible and economically profitable for sorghum + gardenpea intercropping system at Joydebpur and Burirhat region.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 59-68
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Gurmessa, Kassahun, and Zelalem Garuma. "EVALUATION OF HYDROPONIC FODDER PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SORGHUM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.2854.
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The hydroponic fodder yield performance evaluation of different varities of sorghum was conducted in green house of Wollega University.. Three experiments were conducted. The first was to observe effects of irrigation frequency. The second one was undertaken to evaluate four sorghum varieties (Lalo, Chemeda, Gamadi and Dano) on fodder yield, yield related components and nutritive values. The third experiment was done to determine the appropriate date of harvest for biomass yield and agronomic traits. Complete randomized design (CRD) was employed to conduct the experiment with three replications. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between treatments on Dry matter yield (t/ha), Leaf Weight (t/ha), Root weight (t/ha) and Plant height (cm) as effect of frequency of watering at 2hr, 3hr and 4hr interval but, significant difference (p<0.05) among varieties of sorghums as an effect of frequency of irrigation on Fresh yield(t/ha), Plant height (cm) and leaf to root ratio (LRR%).The lowest average fresh yields were harvested at 7th days after planting and consistently increased until 17th days of planting. The highest plant heights were observed at 17 days while the lowest was observed at 7th days of harvesting. Except for dry matter (DM), Ash and crude protein (CP), there were significant differences (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents of the sorghum varieties. The Sorghum variety, Gamadi contained the highest CP (13.29%) and lowest Acid detergent lignin contents. The Sorghum variety, Chemeda showed best in vitro DM digestibility (73.24%). Harvesting hydroponic sorghum at 17 days after planting gave the best biomass yield (t/ha), LRR and Plant height (cm); showing the increase in biomass as time of harvesting increases. Among the tested varieties of sorghum a variety, Dano best for biomass yield among the others.
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BELLO, N. J. "Investigating the optimum planting date for sorghum in the forest–savanna transition zone of Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (October 1999): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479799354077.
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Ten planting dates were selected at weekly intervals for the purpose of determining the optimum planting date for two late maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars in the 1995 and 1996 cropping seasons. Both the floral characteristics and the ultimate grain yield were affected by variation in planting date. The highest grain yield for each cultivar (977 and 958 kg ha−1 for Janare and Farin Dawa respectively in 1995, and 975 and 955 kg ha−1 respectively in 1996) resulted from planting delayed for exactly 51 days after the onset of the rains. Consequently, 10–12 June appeared to be the optimum planting dates for sorghum in the area. A comparison of the result with previous work done in the same ecological unit revealed that delaying planting until 10–12 June increased grain yield by about 25–27 kg ha−1. The effects of the characteristics of the onset of the rains on the optimum planting date have been discussed and the implication of the study for traditional agricultural practice in Nigeria has also been noted.
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Brown, Steven M., James M. Chandler, and John E. Morrison. "Glyphosate for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)." Weed Science 36, no. 4 (July 1988): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075287.
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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate johnsongrass control in no-till grain sorghum with glyphosate treatments applied in mid-June, late July, and mid-September before planting grain sorghum the following spring. Mid-June applications provided the best johnsongrass control. Ammonium sulfate enhanced the activity of glyphosate for only the late-July applications. In separate experiments, herbicide systems comprised of fall applications of glyphosate and/or spring applications of foliar and residual herbicides were evaluated. Fall applications of glyphosate provided superior johnsongrass control and grain sorghum yields.
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Ding, Tong Lou, Jie Song, Jian Rong Guo, Na Sui, Hai Fan, Min Chen, and Bao Shan Wang. "The Cultivation Technique for Increasing the Stalk Sugar Content of Energy Plant Sweet Sorghum in Yellow River Delta." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.437.
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This study was carried out to investigate the suitable technique for increasing the stalk sugar content of two sweet sorghum cultivars (salt-tolerant cultivar Jitianza 2 and salt-sensitive cultivar Lvneng 1) in saline soils of Yellow River Delta. Stalk sugar content of sweet sorghum in saline soil was significantly increased using the following integrated cultivation technique: (1) increasing organic fertilizer level; (2) applying optimum phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; (3) surface fertilizer application; (4) cultivating salt-tolerant sweet sorghum cultivars; (5) planting with plastic mulching; (6) planting in the early of the optimum seedling time (sowing as early as possible); (7) removing tillers during seedling stage; (8) cutting spike by half-strength before flowering. Jitianza 2 had higher stalk Brix than Lvneng 1 under the same cultivation condition. Therefore, planting salt-tolerant sweet sorghum cultivars in saline soil combined with these integrated cultivation techniques can get higher stalk sugar content in Yellow River Delta of China, which was beneficial for energy alcohol production from sweet sorghum.
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Carsky, R. J., L. Singh, and R. Ndikawa. "Suppression of Striga hermonthica on Sorghum Using a Cowpea Intercrop." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (July 1994): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700024467.
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SUMMARYIntercropping with a spreading type of cowpea was studied as a technique for the control of Striga hermonthica on sorghum in northern Cameroon. Alternate rows of cowpea did not reduce Striga density but planting the cowpea and sorghum in the same row, in the same or alternating hills, reduced Striga density and numbers of Striga per sorghum stand. Yields of sorghum grain in the same-row planting treatments were not significantly less than sole sorghum yields, and 200 to 700 kg ha−1 of cowpea grain was produced. Alternating stands of sorghum and cowpea within the same row gave the best yield of sorghum and greater reduction of Striga. Production of mature Striga with capsules decreased with increasing cowpea ground cover, so that while cowpea may not reduce Striga emergence, it may hinder Striga development, possibly reducing the Striga seed bank over time.
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Syafruddin, Muhammad, Mohd Harisudin, and Emi Widiyanti. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SORGUM DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 12, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v12i1.14204.
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This study aims to determine the potential of sorghum as compared to other food commodities, the condition of internal and external factors of sorghum, and alternative strategies that can be applied in Wonigiri. This study uses descriptive analytical basis. The research location in Wuryantoro, Eromoko, Pracimantoro, Giritontro, and Batuwarno on Wonogiri. The informants are choosen intentionally (purposive). The data analysis that has been used is Exponential Comparative Method (ECM) and SWOT Matrix. ECM analytical result shows that sorghums currently ranks six compared with eight other food commodities with a value of ECM 14.535.912,505.SWOT matrix produced eight alternative strategies that can be applied in Wonogiri. The expansion of planting area and guidance from goverment, guidance on grain sorghum processing into refined products, conduct the bussiness meeting with investors for large-scale processing of sorghum, counseling and regular coaching on how to make good cultivation of sorghum, provision of training and support of postharvest technology, cooperation with the food processing industry, the government’s role in determining the selling price and the promotion of sorghum, increased interaction between researchers, extension, marketers, policymakers and farmers.
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Antimonov, A. K., L. F. Syrkina, and O. N. Antimonova. "Production potential of grain sorghum in the northern zone of sorghum planting." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 4(44) (November 19, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2018-4-65-70.
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Regehr, David L., and Keith A. Janssen. "Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation." Weed Technology 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032917.
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Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.
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Pravdyva, L. "Features of growth and development of grain sorghum plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(161) (November 24, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-161-2-139-146.
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Grain sorghum is one of the most highly productive multipurpose grain crops for food, feeding and technical purposes. Considering this, the research of the elements of the technology of grain sorghum growing is expedient and high-potential. The article presents the research results of the influence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the phenological observations, field germination of seeds, biometric indicators of sorghum plants of the grain varieties Dniprovskyi 39 and Vinets in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting seeds of the grain sorghum varieties, to substantiate their influence on the characteristics of plant growth and development in the conditions of the RightBank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 in the conditions of the Bilotserkivska RAS of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is proved that the sowing time and the depth of seeding have a significant impact on the growth and development of the grain sorghum plants. It is established that at the 1st decade of May and to the planting depth of 4–6 cm the grain sorghum seeds vegetative season reduces and equates 108 for the Dniprovskyi variety, and 105 days for the Vinets variety. Sowing seeds at the 3rd decade of April and the 2nd decade of May, as well as decreasing the planting depth to 2 cm and increasing to 8 cm, lengthens the grain sorghum vegetative season of the researched varieties. Field germination reached its maximum in grain sorghum seeds sowing at the 1st decade of May and to the planting depth of 4–6 cm and equals to 84.2–86.8 % for the Dniprovskyi 39 variety and 83.1–85.4 % for the Vinets variety. Biometric indicators that affect the formation of crop productivity, namely, plant height, bushiness, stem diameter, were maximum in the same variant of the experiment. Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, phenological observations, biometric indicators.
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Marumbi, R., P. Nyamugafata, M. Wuta, P. Tittonell, and E. Torquebiau. "Influence of planting basins on selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield along an agro-ecological gradient in South Eastern Zimbabwe." Southern Africa Journal of Education, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajest.v5i1.39821/sajest.2020.001.
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Planting basins are an important soil and water conservation technology. This study evaluated the effects of basins on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, aggregate stability (Ima), bulk density, soil moisture retention and sorghum yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V of Chipinge district. The experiment consisted of three treatments; namely planting basins (basins) with goat manure and inorganic fertilizer application, hand hoeing with similar fertility amendments (FP+) and hand hoeing without fertility amendments (FP). It was hypothesized that planting basins with fertility amendments would improve the selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield. Only planting basins significantly (p˂0.05) improved soil quality parameters in the 0-15 cm depth and bulk density, Ima, SOC stocks ranged from 1356 to 1451 kg/m3; 314 to 450 and 14.18 to 25.55 Mg ha-1 respectively. Planting basins significantly increased (p<0.05) sorghum yield relative to hand-hoeing practices (FP+ and FP) with average grain yield of 2.68, 1.72 and 1.32 t ha-1 in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V, respectively. When compared to FP+ and FP, basins increased grain yield by >130% in all the 3 agro-ecological regions. The hypothesis was accepted and it was concluded that basins improve soil properties and sorghum grain yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V. Considering the soil and crop productivity benefits highlighted in this study, there is a strong justification for the widespread promotion and adoption of planting basins in semi-arid agro-ecological regions of Zimbabwe.
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Munza, Bello M., M. R. Hassan, R. J. Tanko, S. M. Yashim, T. J. Abashi, P. Y. Sulim, and G. Z. Alkali. "GROWTH PARAMETERS AND FORAGE YIELD OF TWO GRAIN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES AND AGES OF HARVEST IN SHIKA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (June 14, 2021): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-488.
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To determine the influence of sorghum variety, planting dates and ages of harvest on growth parameters and forage yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in Shika, Nigeria, an experiment was conducted in split plots in the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The experimental treatments comprised of two sorghum varieties (SAMSORG-16 as V1 and SAMSORG-17 as V2), three planting dates (15th June, 30th June and 14th July as P1, P2 and P3) and three ages of harvest (6, 10 and 14 weeks after sowing as C1, C2 and C3), respectively. Results showed that plant height of sorghum bicolor significantly (P<0.05) differed between variety with higher values in Samsorg-16. Plant height, number of leaves and leaf area index (LAI) decreased (P<0.05) from 15th June to 14th July planting date. However, there was a significant increasing trend (P<0.05) in these parameters as ages of harvest advanced from 6 to 14 week after sowing (WAS). Significant (P<0.05) interaction effect between variety and planting date was observed for plant height. Similarly, significant (P<0.05) interaction effect was observed in the number of leaves and LAI. There was non-significant (P>0.05) effect of variety on fresh and dry forage yields. Fresh and dry forage yields declined from 54.73 and 10.49 t/ha to 30.72 and 6.11 t/ha from 15th June to 14th July planting dates, respectively. Whereas fresh and dry forage yields increased from 12.22 and 1.37 t/ha to 58.94 and 14.47 t/ha as ages of harvest increased from 6 to 14 WAS,
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Pravdyva, L. "Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-122-130.
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In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds, is expedient and perspective. The article highlights the research results of the influence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the energy productivity of sorghum crops of the grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’ in the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds and to substantiate their influence on the crop energy productivity in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 at the Bilotserkivska Research Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was found that the highest crop yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a planting depth of 4–6 cm. At the same time, the grain yield of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 7.1–7.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 6.3–6.7 t/ha; the yield of biomass of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 40.2–44.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 37.3–39.5 t/ha. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a depth of planting of seeds of 4–6 cm. Cultivation of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety allowed to obtain 2.37–2.47 t/ha of bioethanol, the ‘Vinets’ variety – 2.08–2,21 t/ha. The yield of solid biofuel in this variant of the experiment was also the largest and amounted to 9.29–10.26 t/ha for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 8.62–9.12 t/ha for the ‘Vinets’ variety. The total energy yield from the obtained biofuel of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 210.66–228.98 GJ/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 192.37–203.95 GJ/ha. Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, energy productivity.
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Wicks, Gail A., Alex R. Martin, Alan E. Haack, and Garold W. Mahnken. "Control of Triazine-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)." Weed Technology 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028633.
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Herbicidal control of triazine-resistant (TR) kochia was evaluated in no-till grain sorghum. Herbicides were applied early preplant (EPP) or POST. In EPP experiments, herbicides plus nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v were applied 7, 2, or 0 wk before planting (WBP). Fluorochloridone at 0.8 kg ai/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP, pyridate at 1.0 kg ai/ha applied 2 WBP, and paraquat at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied 0 WBP controlled 94 to 99% of TR kochia; a prepackaged mixture of glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.3 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha and paraquat at 0.4 kg/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP controlled 71 to 82% of TR kochia; and 2,4-D ester at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied 2 WBP controlled 75% of TR kochia. Linuron at 0.8 kg ai/ha and atrazine at 2.2 kg ai/ha were ineffective. In the POST herbicide experiments, where paraquat plus metolachlor at 0.6 plus 1.7 kg ai/ha were applied 17 d before planting, various combinations and rates of bentazon plus atrazine, bromoxynil, and dicamba with adjuvants provided good control of TR kochia that was less than 8 cm tall.
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Dong, Xicun, Wenjian Li, Ruiyuan Liu, and Wenting Gu. "Recent Progresses on Industrialization of Sweet Sorghum at IMP." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p57.
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Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is not only an efficient and highly productive bioenergy crop that may help alleviate potential food-fuel tension caused by over-reliance on corn grain ethanol because of its outstanding features, including large amounts of fermentable carbohydrates in its juice-rich stalks, drought-tolerance, saline-alkaline resistance but also has considerable potential as food, forage crop owing to the limited availability of arable land. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of the progress that has been made in sweet sorghum industrialization at IMP range from research motivation, breeding, planting scale to products development. A conclusion is drawn that sweet sorghum industry is a systematic project, involving many key points, such as breeding, planting, production process and products sale. From a strategic and sustainability point of view, sweet sorghum is one of the most promising plants, particularly for ethanol, silage and liquor production.
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Montes-Belmont, R., I. Méndez-Ramírez, H. E. Flores-Moctezuma, and R. A. Nava-Juárez. "Impact of Planting Dates and Climatic Factors on the Incidence and Severity of Sorghum Grain Mold in Morelos, Mexico." Plant Disease 87, no. 9 (September 2003): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.9.1139.
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It is difficult to develop control strategies for grain mold of sorghum because of the limited information on the epidemiology of grain mold in Mexico. The objectives of this study were to identify the fungi associated with grain mold in Morelos, Mexico, and to explore the relationship among planting dates, disease development, and relative humidity and temperature. Fusarium thapsinum was isolated from 97% of the grains from field samples of infested sorghum grains in Morelos, Mexico. The influence of planting dates on the development of sorghum grain mold was determined at Tlayca, Morelos, Mexico, during the rainy seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Incidence of grain mold varied annually, but disease incidence and severity were highest in 1998. Planting dates from 1 June to 13 July had the highest incidence of grain mold during the 3 years. Throughout the study, disease severity was generally low, and yield was not affected. The late planting dates in 1999 and 2000 had reduced yields due to terminal drought of the crop. Increase of disease was predicted by mean temperature, but not by mean relative humidity.
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Dwiatmini, Kristina, Andari Risliawati, Dodin Koswanudin, and Sutoro Sutoro. "EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BRIX PADA BATANG TANAMAN PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) Brix Content Evaluation of Sorghum Stem Germplasm (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench))." Informatika Pertanian 28, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v28n2.2019.p67-72.
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<p>Biji sorgum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan, pakan dan bahan industri. Batang tanaman sorgum umumnya mengandung senyawa gula, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman sirup dan bahan baku bioethanol. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa gula pada batang tanaman sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar brix dengan alat refraktometer. Untuk menghasilkan varietas sorgum yang dapat menghasilkan brix tinggi diperlukan sumber genetik untuk pemuliaan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan terhadap 219 aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum koleksi Bank Gen Balitbangtan di BB Biogen. Bahan batang tanaman diperoleh dari pertanaman sorgum yang ditanam pada tahun 2017. Sampel batang tanaman sorgum dipotong menjadi 3 bagian yang sama panjangnya dan diukur kandungan brix dengan refraktometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum dari batang bagian bawah, tengah dan atas memiliki kandungan brix bervariasi yaitu berkisar antara 0.2 – 15.1 %. Aksesi sorgum introduksi ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, dan ICSV 93007 memiliki kandungan brix lebih dari 14% yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pemuliaan sorgum manis. Genotipe yang memiliki sifat ganda yang mampu menghasilkan hasil biji dan kandungan brix baik pada tanaman induk maupun ratun perlu mendapat perhatian.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p> Sorghum seeds are used as a source for food, feed, and industrial materials. Stems of sorghum plants generally contain sugar compounds, so it can be used as a beverage of syrup and raw materials of bioethanol. The content of sugar compounds on the stem of the sorghum plant could be done by measuring brix by using refractometer. Genetic resources are needed to develop sorghum varieties that can produce high brix content in its plant breeding program. A study has been conducted on 219 germplasm accessions of IAARD Gene Bank collection at BB BIOGEN. The plant stem material is derived from the planting of sorghum grown in 2017. The stem of the sorghum plant is cut into 3 equal lengths and brix content measured by refractometer. The results showed that the accession of the sorghum germplasm from the lower, middle, and upper stems reveal that brix content varied from 0.2 to 15.1%. Introduction accession of sorghum i.e. ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, and ICSV 93007 had a brix content of more than 14% and can be used as parent materials for sweet sorghum breeding. Multiple traits of genotipe which are capable producing seed yield and brix content in both primary plants and ratoon need further attention.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong><em></em></p>
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Zhiqiang, Pei, Lu Shuchang, Wang Xi, Hou Kun, Ya Zongjie, Zhang Yu, Wang Dafeng, and Li Xiawen. "Study on greenhouse soil nitrogen absorption and soil layer transport of different summer catch crops with different planting density in North China." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302023.
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In order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the environmental pollution risk of the nitrogen accumulation in the vegetable field, this study was carried out in the summer leisure period of the greenhouse vegetable production. This experiment designed different planting density treatments in 2017 and 2018, i.e. for catch waxy corn, 3300 plants/667m2 (WCD1), 5000 plants/667m2 (WCD2), 6600 plants/667m2 (WCD3), for forage sweet sorghum, 4500 plants /667m2 (FSS4), 7000 plants/667m2 (FSS5), 9000 plants/667m2 (FSS6) in 2017; and for catch waxy corn, 4500 plants/667m2 (WCDI), 7000 plants/667m2 (WCDII), 9000 plants/667m2(WCDIII), for forage sweet sorghum, 7000 plants/667m2 (FSSIV), 10000 plants/667m2 (FSSV), 14000 plants/667m2 (FSSVI) in 2018. The results showed that the biomass and nitrogen absorption of the two catch crops began to improve and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The nitrogen absorption amount of the catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum was 22.36~28.68 kg/667m2,21.67~24.39 kg/667m2, respectively. Different planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum could significantly reduce the total nitrogen content of 0~30cm soil layer and the nitrate nitrogen content of 0~90cm soil layer, for catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum, the reduction rate of total nitrogen content in 0~30cm soil layer was 9.6%~27.0%, 5.7%~23.5%, the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen content reached 50.0%~90.8%, 80.1%~96.4%, respectively, which effectively controlled the nitrate nitrogen leaching to soil deep layer. Planting catch crops could increase soil urease activity, regulate soil nitrogen transformation. Compared with other treatments, WCDII and FSSV treatment can reduce the initial urease activity and soil nitrate nitrogen content of next crops, which is consistent with the nutrient requirements of broccoli in the early stage of growth. These catch crops planting could reduce the nitrogen environmental risk in the greenhouse soil. Finally, the study proposed that the suitable planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum planted was 6600~7000 plants/667m2, and 9000~10000 plants/667m2, respectively, in the greenhouse summer leisure period. It is more advantageous to improve soil nitrogen absorption and reduce soil nitrogen environmental risks for catch waxy corn.
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Koten, B. B., R. D. Soetrisno, N. Ngadiyono, and B. Soewignyo. "Penampilan Produksi Hijauan Hasil Tumpangsari Arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) Berinokulum Rhizobium dan Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) pada Jarak Tanam Arbila dan Jumlah Baris Sorgum." Sains Peternakan 12, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.11.1.26-33.
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<p>The study was conducted to evaluate the forage production of arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in intercropping grown on different spacing of arbila and number row of sorghum, and was designed as completely randomized design of factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor was the spacing of arbila (J) i.e. J1 (120 cm) and J2 (180 cm). The second factor was row number of sorghum (P) i.e. P1 (1 row), P2 (2 rows), P3 (3 rows) with 3 replications. The variables were dry matter (DM) production, organic matter (OM) production, crude protein (CP)<br />production of forage, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). The results showed that highest DM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.53 tons/ha), highest OM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.57 tons/ha), highest CP production at J1P1, J1P2 and J1P3 (0.55, 0.77, and 0.55 tons/ha), and highest LER at J1P2 and J1P3 (2.53 and 2.38). It can be concluded that the intercropping arbila and sorghum at planting space of 120 cm with 2 and 3 row of sorghums between arbilas produces the best forage production as ruminant feed.<br />Key words: Phaseolus lunatus, Sorghum bicolor, intercropping, spasing, row number, forage</p>
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Koten, B. B., R. D. Soetrisno, N. Ngadiyono, and B. Soewignyo. "Penampilan Produksi Hijauan Hasil Tumpangsari Arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) Berinokulum Rhizobium dan Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) pada Jarak Tanam Arbila dan Jumlah Baris Sorgum." Sains Peternakan 12, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v11i1.4846.
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<p>The study was conducted to evaluate the forage production of arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in intercropping grown on different spacing of arbila and number row of sorghum, and was designed as completely randomized design of factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor was the spacing of arbila (J) i.e. J1 (120 cm) and J2 (180 cm). The second factor was row number of sorghum (P) i.e. P1 (1 row), P2 (2 rows), P3 (3 rows) with 3 replications. The variables were dry matter (DM) production, organic matter (OM) production, crude protein (CP)<br />production of forage, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). The results showed that highest DM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.53 tons/ha), highest OM production at J1P2 and J1P3 (5.33 and 4.57 tons/ha), highest CP production at J1P1, J1P2 and J1P3 (0.55, 0.77, and 0.55 tons/ha), and highest LER at J1P2 and J1P3 (2.53 and 2.38). It can be concluded that the intercropping arbila and sorghum at planting space of 120 cm with 2 and 3 row of sorghums between arbilas produces the best forage production as ruminant feed.<br />Key words: Phaseolus lunatus, Sorghum bicolor, intercropping, spasing, row number, forage</p>
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Vieira, Paulo Vinicius Demeneck, Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de Freitas, Roberto Rezende, Rivanildo Dallacort, João Danilo Barbieri, and Diego Fernando Daniel. "Calibration and Simulation of the CERES-Sorghum and CERES-Maize Models for Crops in the Central-West Region of Paraná State." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 18 (November 15, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n18p140.
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Simulation models have been widely used to generate yield data by forecasting climate variables and changes in growing seasons. The aim of this study was to calibrate genetic coefficients and simulate growth, development and yield in maize and sorghum crops based on historical meteorological data for the municipality of Juranda (2007 to 2013), in the central-west region of Paraná State, Brazil. Treatments were established based on three planting dates in two growing seasons for a group of super early maturity maize hybrids (DKB 330 Pro), and two groups of sorghum hybrids, the first a super early variety (ADV 123) and the second with a normal cycle (1G282). The variables assessed were number of days from planting to flowering, leaf area index (LAI), and 1000 seed weight and yield. Statistical coefficients were used to evaluate calibration accuracy. The results demonstrated that the models were highly efficient at simulating crop cycles, yield and leaf area index, with agreement indices and modeling efficiency values above 0.90. The results indicated that the CERES-Maize and CERES-Sorghum models generated satisfactory and comparative simulations of maize and sorghum yield for the study area on different planting dates.
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Lundeto, S. W., S. D. Anis, W. B. Kaunang, and C. I. J. Sumolang. "Pengaruh tingkat kepadatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan Sorgum Brown Mid Rib (BMR) yang diberi pupuk bokashi kotoran ayam pada kondisi ternaung." ZOOTEC 41, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.41.1.2021.32533.
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT’S DENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF SORGHUM BROWN MID RIB WITH CHICKEN MANURE FERTILIZER IN AN ELEVATED STATE. The purpose of this research was determines growth of sorghum BMR with different population density use chicken manure fertilizer in an elevated state. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of four planting density, (P1=(1 plant/Polybag) P2=(2 plants/polybag) P3=(3 plants/polybag) P4=(4 plants/polibag), each treatment had seven replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were growth that are plant’s height, leaf length, and number of leaves. The results showed that different planting population were significant different (P<0.01) on plant’s height, leaf length, and number of leaves. HSD test showed that planting population P1=(1 plant/Polybag) were significant (P<0.01) have higher plant’s height, leaf length, and number of leaves than P3=(3 plants/polybag) and P4=(4 plants/polybag). It can be concluded that planting density P1=(1 plant/Polybag) have the highest growth of sorghum BMR that were highest plant’s height, leaf length, and number of leaves.
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Stute, James K., and D. Esther Shekinah. "Planting Date and Biculture Affect Sunn Hemp Productivity in the Midwest." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n2p26.
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Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is recommended as a warm season cover crop in the Midwest due to its ability to produce high levels of biomass and fix atmospheric nitrogen. It can also be grown in biculture with other cover crops to enhance overall ecosystem services. Two field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2014 – 2017) in Wisconsin on a forest derived Fox silt loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) under organic certification to determine the effect of planting date on sunn hemp dry matter yield, N and C addition and to determine the effect of species ratio in a biculture with sorghum-sudan [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on the same output variables as well as seed cost and the related per unit cost of production. Planting dates significantly affected all biomass yield variables, which declined linearly from the initial date and appear related to growing degree accumulation. Regression analysis revealed a biomass yield decline of 1.3% per day (8.9% week-1) in relative yield, and 0.90 Mg day-1 (0.61 Mg week-1) in actual yield. In biculture, sunn hemp grown in a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan maximized N addition through nitrogen fixation and added N from dry matter, without a significant difference in the dry matter recorded. Analysis of seed cost data revealed that as the ratio of sunn hemp in the planting mixture decreased, the cost per hectare decreased. The cost of production per unit of DM, N, C and CO2 equivalent at this planting ratio were 7.08 $ Mg-1, 0.57 $ kg-1, 17.51 $ t-1 and 4.78 $ t-1 respectively. In pure culture, early planting dates (June 15th to July 15th) are recommended for sunn hemp, and in biculture, a planting ratio of 50:50 with sorghum-sudan could serve Midwestern producers well by reducing per unit cost of biomass production.
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Hamidou, Massaoudou, Oumarou Souleymane, Malick N. Ba, Eric Yirenkyi Danquah, Issoufou Kapran, Vernon Gracen, and Kwadwo Ofori. "Identification of stable genotypes and genotype by environment interaction for grain yield in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000382.
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AbstractSorghum is a staple food crop in Niger and its production is constrained by sorghum midge and the use of low yielding, local sorghum varieties. To improve sorghum productivity, it is crucial to provide farmers with high yielding sorghum cultivars that are resistant to midge. We evaluated 282 genotypes in four environments of Niger Republic. Alpha (0.1) lattice with two replications was the experimental design. Genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot analysis was used to study grain yield (GY) stability and G × E interactions. The results revealed that two distinct mega environments were present. Genotype L232 was the best genotype for GY in the first planting date at Konni and the first and second planting dates (PDs) at Maradi. Genotype L17 was the best for GY in the second PD at Konni. The second PD at Konni was the most discriminating environment while the first PD at Konni is suitable for selecting widely adapted genotypes for GY.
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Merga, F., K. Tesfaye, and C. S. Wortmann. "Dry Soil Planting of Sorghum for Vertisols of Ethiopia." Agronomy Journal 106, no. 2 (March 2014): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0472.
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Kapanigowda, Mohankumar, Mary Schneider, and B. A. Stewart. "Dryland Grain Sorghum Tillering: Clumps vs. Uniform Planting Geometries." Journal of Crop Improvement 24, no. 3 (July 30, 2010): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2010.487084.
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Wei, Jinpeng, Wenjing Shao, Kejun Yang, Changjiang Zhao, Xinyu Liu, Wenxu Ma, Gaobo Yu, and Jingyu Xu. "Effects of Different Chemical Fertilizers Application Rates and Densities on the Whole Growth Period of Sorghum in Semi-Arid Areas of North China." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8213.
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Sorghum is one of the most important economic crops in the semi-arid areas of northern China. However, its yield is still relatively low, and some factors, such as the amount of different chemical fertilizers application and planting density, limit the increase of yield. In order to study the effect of fertilizer application rate and planting density on the growth and yield of sorghum, Longza 16 was used as test variety material, and the experiment was conducted with the split plot design. The fertilizer application (375kg/hm2(N:P:K=1:0.7:0.4), 375kg/hm2(N:P:K=1:0.7:0.8), 375kg/hm2 (N:P:K=1:0.7:1.6), 750kg/hm2（N:P:K=1:0.7:0.8), 750kg/hm2（N:P:K=1:0.7:1.6)) was designed as main plot and planting density (96000 plants/hm2, 109000 plants/hm2, 128000 plants/hm2, 154000 plants/hm2）was arranged as subplot. The photosynthetic parameters and yield-related characters were determined during the whole growth period of sorghum. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer application on the yield of sorghum was significant. The yield increased with the increase of fertilizer application, and the yield of 750kg/hm2 (N:P:K=1:0.7:1.6) was significantly higher than that of other treatments. Different planting densities also had a significant effect on the yield, showing that the yield increased with the increase of density, and the yield was the highest under the density of 154000 plants/hm2. In addition, the result of composite effect of fertilizer application rate and density showed that the yield of the treatment of 750kg/hm2 (N:P:K=1:0.7:1.6) and 154000 plants/hm2 was the highest, which was considered to be more suitable for the production of sorghum in the semi-arid areas of northern China.
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Joorabi, S., N. Akbari, M. R. Chaichi, and Kh Azizi. "Effect of Sowing Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. var. Speed Feed) Forage Production in a Summer Intercropping System." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0042.
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Abstract To evaluate the interaction effects of planting date and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. Speed feed) forage production, an experiment was conducted in split plots based on a complete randomized block design in Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad, Lorestan province, Iran. The experimental treatments comprised of three nitrogen fertilizer levels of control (N0), 100 (N1), and 150 kg per hectare (N2), assigned to main plots and three sowing dates of T1 (June, 10th), T2 (June 26th) and T3 (July 11th) assigned to subplots. Results showed that in sum of two harvests, the yield of hay, forage, leaf and shoot hay weigh in second planting date and N2 and N3 level of fertility was higher than all treatments. In the case of quality treatments the percent of crude protein in first harvest had the most amounts in first and second planting date and N1, N2 and N3 fertility levels. Crude fiber percentage in first harvest of second planting date was highest in N1, N2 and N3 levels of fertility. Treatment interactions had not any significant effect for crude fiber. The most ash percent was observed in first harvest and N1, N2 and N3 fertility level. In second harvest time N2 and N3 fertility levels were superior to the rest. Also, fat percentage in first and second planting date and N1, N2 and N3 increased than the control fertility treatment.
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De Freitas, Gilson Araújo, Cintia Ribeiro De Sousa, Aristóteles Capone, Flávio Sergio Afférri, and Rubens Ribeiro Da Silva. "Adubação orgânica no sulco de plantio e sua influência no desenvolvimento do sorgo." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v3n1.freitas.
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In the last years the sorghum production in Brazil has increased so much, as consequence of the expansion of the planted area and productivity increments. However, studies of the organic manuring on the development of the culture are still incipient. In that way, it was aimed at to evaluate the effect of the applied organic manuring in the planting furrow in the development of plants of Sorghum bicolor. The experiment was droven in randomized blocks design, with six repetitions, being the hybrid of grain sorghum A9735R submitted to eight treatments: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 t ha-¹ of organic fertilizer applied in the planting furrow and 500 kg ha-1 of the formulation 04-14-08 + Zn. The concentrations of organic manuring in the planting furrow provided differences among the treatments. Being observed that you plant submitted to the doses 40 to 60 t ha-¹ organic manuring presented better vegetative acting for the appraised parameters. The largest answer of growth of the stem was what received 40 t ha-¹ of organic manuring.
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Hamidou, Massaoudou, Abdoul Kader M. Souley, Issoufou Kapran, Oumarou Souleymane, Eric Yirenkyi Danquah, Kwadwo Ofori, Vernon Gracen, and Malick N. Ba. "Genetic Variability and Its Implications on Early Generation Sorghum Lines Selection for Yield, Yield Contributing Traits, and Resistance to Sorghum Midge." International Journal of Agronomy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1864797.
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Sorghum is the second most important cereal crop in Niger. The crop is grown in a wide range of ecological environments in the country. However, sorghum grain yield in Niger is limited by both abiotic and biotic constraints. Recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of a local variety with a midge resistant variety and two local checks were evaluated during the 2015 rainy season across two planting dates in two environments in Niger. The objective was to investigate genetic variability for yield, yield related traits, and resistance to sorghum midge. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) versus genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed in both sites and planting dates. Across planting dates at both Konni and Maradi, grain yield, plant height, panicle weight, and midge damage had high heritability coupled with high estimates of genetic advance. At Konni, high genetic advance coupled with high heritability was detected for grain yield, plant height, panicle weight, and resistance to midge. There were similar results at Maradi for grain yield, plant height, and panicle weight. Therefore, selection might be successful for the above characters in their respective environments.
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Kushkhov, Aslan, Natalya Berbekova, and Alena Zhurtova. "Productivity of sudan grass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids depending on seeding rates and planting methods in the steppe dryland zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126201012.
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The article contains the results of three-year field research in the steppe dryland zone of the republic, the best options of grass sorghum cultivation, which increase the gross yield of green forage and hay were developed. Optimum planting standards for dry steppe conditions, planting and harvesting methods of Sudan grass and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids were identified to produce a high, more energy-intensive green and dry forage of the studied crops. The quality and feed qualities of fodder for production and direct feeding to animals are determined. The crop growing time after hay harvest and quantity for feeding after harvesting are given.
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Valenti, Stephen A., and Gail A. Wicks. "Influence of Nitrogen Rates and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control." Weed Science 40, no. 1 (March 1992): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057064.
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Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) fertility and winter wheat cultivars on weed infestations in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE. Centurk 78 and Lancota winter wheat suppressed density and growth of barnyardgrass and green foxtail significantly more than Eagle winter wheat before and after wheat harvest. Increasing N rates applied to winter wheat decreased annual grass weed population and weed yields. However, 67 and 101 kg N ha−1reduced winter wheat grain yields compared to 34 kg N ha−1. Plots treated at 2.8 plus 0.3 kg ai ha−1of atrazine plus paraquat 31 d after wheat harvest had more barnyardgrass before grain sorghum planting in 1983 than plots treated 17 d after wheat harvest but the reverse was true for green foxtail after grain sorghum emergence in 1984. Increasing N rates from 34 kg ha−1to 67 and 101 kg ha−1in the previous wheat crop decreased weed density before and after grain sorghum planting. There was no advantage in weed control in the grain sorghum from applying N to winter wheat in the fall vs. spring.
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Monks, C. Dale, and Philip A. Banks. "Rotational Crop Response to Chlorimuron, Clomazone, and Imazaquin Applied the Previous Year." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088482.
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Experiments to determine effects of chlorimuron, clomazone, and imazaquin applied the year before planting corn, cotton, and sorghum were conducted at three locations in Georgia. Corn injury was <20% in 1987 and 1988 and yield was not affected. In 1988, imazaquin applied at a high rate or sequentially the previous year to late-planted soybeans injured corn more than applications to the early-planted soybeans. Cotton was the most sensitive crop to herbicides applied the previous year. However, seed cotton yield was not decreased due to herbicides applied the previous year. Sorghum growth and yield 8 weeks after planting was not affected by soybean herbicide application the previous year. Sicklepod, corn, and wheat bioassays did not detect any of the herbicides in soil samples obtained the season after treatment. Bioassays accurately predicted potential injury in corn and sorghum but not cotton.
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Wicks, Gail A., and Phil H. Grabouski. "Weed Control in No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)." Weed Science 34, no. 4 (July 1986): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067461.
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Field research was conducted in Nebraska to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for the control of summer annual weeds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]. During 1976 to 1979, no-till plots treated with a mixture of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and terbutryn [N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N′-ethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] yielded 33% more sorghum grain than plots receiving the same herbicides when a seedbed was prepared by disking. During 1981 to 1983, season-long weed control was obtained with acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) acetamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], or terbutryn added to paraquat plus atrazine and metolachlor plus cyanazine plus paraquat applied 10 days prior to planting. The use of seed safeners did not increase sorghum yield.
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Brown, Steven M., James M. Chandler, and John E. Morrison. "Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Rotation in the Texas Blacklands." Weed Science 35, no. 5 (September 1987): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500060823.
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control systems in a conservation tillage rotation of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] – cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) – wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Herbicide systems included fall and spring/summer inputs of high and low intensity. Tillage regimes were no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) systems; the latter included fall primary tillage followed by spring stale seedbed planting. Both tillage systems utilized controlled traffic lanes and wide, raised beds. Effective johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control required intense herbicide inputs at one or both application periods, i.e., in the fall and/or spring/summer. Grain sorghum and cotton yields for the most intense weed control system, which included high inputs in both the fall and spring/summer, were not superior to systems that included high inputs in only one of the two application periods. Seedling johnsongrass emergence occurred before spring planting in RT (but not in NT) in 2 of 3 yr, and control measures were ineffective. After 3 yr, the predominant weeds were johnsongrass and browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumSw. # PANFA).
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Wedryk, Stephanie, and John Cardina. "Smother Crop Mixtures for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Suppression in Organic Transition." Weed Science 60, no. 4 (December 2012): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00140.1.
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Canada thistle poses a particular threat to organic producers in temperate agriculture due to its ability to reproduce through an extensive system of underground roots. The Canada thistle life cycle, growth, and development are seasonally affected, and exploiting this biology may be useful for weed management. The objective of this study was to evaluate smother crop mixtures, seeded at different times, for Canada thistle control. Field trials were established in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the ability of smother crop mixtures to suppress Canada thistle growth and development. Canada thistle aboveground biomass was suppressed 50% in 2009 and 87% in 2010 by the sorghum–sudangrass mixture, averaged over planting times. The oat mixture suppressed annual weed biomass more than 58% in 2009 and 67% in 2010 in all planting dates. Percent cover of Canada thistle was affected by crop mixture in 2009 and 2010, with sorghum–sudangrass being the most suppressive. The sorghum–sudangrass mixture was more suppressive of Canada thistle, probably because it included soybean and sunflower, all high-biomass, competitive crops. Planting date affected smother crop suppression of Canada thistle growth, but the effect was not consistent between 2009 and 2010 due to differences in weather conditions.
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MARLEY, P. S. "Effects of integrating host plant resistance with time of planting or fungicides on anthracnose and grain mould and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna." Journal of Agricultural Science 142, no. 3 (June 2004): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859604004277.
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Two field trials were conducted in the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons to determine the effect of planting date and host plant resistance on grain mould and anthracnose, and host plant resistance with fungicides on anthracnose of sorghum in the Nigerian northern Guinea Savanna. Three sorghum varieties were used [SAMSORG 40 (ICSV 111), SAMSORG 4 (KSV 4) (both early maturing and susceptible to anthracnose) and SAMSORG 14 (KSV 8) (medium maturing and resistant to anthracnose)]. Results show that early planting in June and the first 2 weeks of July predisposed susceptible varieties to high level of anthracnose while planting in June predisposed SAMSORG 40 and SAMSORG 4 to high levels of grain mould but gave highest grain yield for the three varieties. The resistant variety SAMSORG 14 was resistant to both anthracnose and grain mould irrespective of planting date. Foliar application with benomyl controlled anthracnose and gave highest yields when combined with seed treatment using metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb (MCF). However, seed treatment alone with MCF did not control anthracnose.
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Wu, Hanwen, Steve Walker, Geoff Robinson, and Neil Coombes. "Control of Flaxleaf Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in Wheat and Sorghum." Weed Technology 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-043.1.
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Flaxleaf fleabane is a difficult-to-control weed in dryland minimum tillage farming systems in the northeast grains region of Australia. Experiments were conducted between 2003 and 2005 to identify effective control strategies on flaxleaf fleabane in wheat and sorghum. A preplant application of chlorsulfuron at 15 g ai/ha in wheat controlled flaxleaf fleabane ≥ 90%. The efficacy of early postemergent applications of metsulfuron–methyl at 4.2 g ai/ha varied between years. However, the flaxleaf fleabane was controlled > 85% with metsulfuron–methyl at 4.2 g ai/ha plus MCPA at 420 g ae/ha plus picloram at 26 g ae/ha, or metsulfuron–methyl followed by late postemergent 2,4-D amine at 300 g ae/ha. In sorghum, a preplant application of glyphosate at 900 g ae/ha plus 2,4-D amine at 900 g ae/ha or dicamba at 500 g ae/ha at 1 mo before sorghum planting provided ≥ 95% control. Preplant atrazine at 2,000 g ai/ha controlled flaxleaf fleabane 83 to 100% in sorghum. At-planting atrazine at 2,000 or 1,000 g ai/ha can be applied to control new emergence of flaxleaf fleabane and grasses, depending on the weed pressure and spectrum. Flaxleaf fleabane reduced sorghum yield 65 to 98% if not controlled.
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Martin, V. L., and R. L. Vanderlip. "Sorghum Hybrid Selection and Planting Management under Moisture Limiting Conditions." Journal of Production Agriculture 10, no. 1 (January 1997): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1997.0157.
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