Academic literature on the topic 'Soret band'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soret band"
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LASH, TIMOTHY D. "Modification of the porphyrin chromophore by ring fusion: identifying trends due to annelation of the porphyrin nucleus." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 05, no. 03 (March 2001): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.313.
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The effects exerted by fused aromatic rings on the UV-vis spectra of porphyrins are surveyed. Modified porphyrin chromophores with fused benzene, 1,2-naphthalene, 9,10-phenanthrene or phenanthroline rings are surprisingly little affected even when a maximum number of ring fusions are incorporated. Linearly annealed naphtho- or anthraporphyrins show large red shifts to the Q bands but the Soret absorptions are weakened and undergo only minor bathochromic shifts. Fluoranthoporphyrins give multiple bands in the Soret region, but the Q band region is virtually unaffected by this tetracyclic ring system. On the other hand, metal chelates of fluoranthoporphyrins show surprisingly strong bands near 600 nm. Benzothiadiazole rings split and weaken the Soret band, but the Q bands region is unexceptional. However, metal coordination again produces relatively intense bands near 600 nm. The most significant results were obtained for porphyrins with fused acenaphthylene rings. Monoacenaphthoporphyrins (41) have three Soret bands at 387, 431 and 454 nm, and the longest wavelength Q band is shifted to 658 nm. opp-Diacenaphthoporphyrin (43) further shifts these bands with two Soret absorbances at 443 and 470 nm, and an additional strong peak is observed at 692 nm. The metal complexes of these systems also show strong bands between 602 and 656 nm. Still larger effects are produced by tetraacenaphthoporphyrin (47), the dication for which in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)–chloroform has a Soret absorption at 528 nm. Tetraaryltetraacenaphthoporphyrins (48) are even more red shifted, showing Soret bands between 556 and 570 nm for the free bases and 565 to 588 nm for the related dications. The lead(II) chelate for tetraphenylporphyrin (48a) shows an additional 'hyper' spectral shift that brings the Soret band to 604 nm, and this effect can also be achieved by introducing four meso-phenylethynyl substituents onto the tetraacenaphthoporphyrin nucleus (49). In addition, by combining these two factors for the lead(II) chelate of 49, a record-breaking value for the Soret band of 642 nm can be achieved. Spectral shifts due to ring annelation in porphyrin analogues are also discussed, including those for oxybenziporphyrins, oxypyriporphyrins, carbaporphyrins and sapphyrins.
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Kuroda, Kosuke, Chiaki Kodo, Kazuaki Ninomiya, and Kenji Takahashi. "A Polar Liquid Zwitterion Does Not Critically Destroy Cytochrome c at High Concentration: An Initial Comparative Study with a Polar Ionic Liquid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 2 (2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18533.
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A polar carboxylate-type zwitterion with a small volume of water can dissolve cytochrome c without significant disruption, compared with the case of a popular polar carboxylate-type ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. A change in the Soret, Q, and 615nm bands was not observed in the 80 wt-% polar zwitterion solution, whereas a shift in the Soret band, diminishing Q band, and appearance of the 615nm band was found in the 80 wt-% polar ionic liquid solution. It suggests that concentrated polar ionic liquid solutions critically disrupt the structure of cytochrome c, and the polar zwitterion solution used in this study was better than a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate solution in a high concentration range.
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Franzen, Stefan, Stacie E. Wallace-Williams, and Andrew P. Shreve. "Heme Charge-Transfer Band III Is Vibronically Coupled to the Soret Band." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 24 (June 2002): 7146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0172722.
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Kotkowiak, Michał, and Alina Dudkowiak. "Multiwavelength excitation of photosensitizers interacting with gold nanoparticles and its impact on optical properties of their hybrid mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 41 (2015): 27366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04459f.
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Different behavior of the mixtures on excitation with the wavelengths from the Soret and Q bands of the dyes and with those corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band of gold nanoparticles, was analyzed.
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Brunet, Claire, Rodolphe Antoine, Jérôme Lemoine, and Philippe Dugourd. "Soret Band of the Gas-Phase Ferri-Cytochrome c." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3, no. 6 (February 27, 2012): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz300070r.
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Raavi, Sai Santosh Kumar, Jun Yin, Giulia Grancini, Cesare Soci, Venugopal Rao Soma, Guglielmo Lanzani, and Lingamallu Giribabu. "Femtosecond to Microsecond Dynamics of Soret-Band Excited Corroles." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119, no. 52 (December 16, 2015): 28691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08235.
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Harmon, H. James. "Specific visible spectral changes induced by guanine binding to cytosine-derivatized porphyrin." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 06, no. 01 (January 2002): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424602000117.
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The interaction of the free nucleic acid bases adenine, cytosine, and thymidine with meso-tri(4-sulfonatophenyl) meso 4-phenyl porphyrin cytosine amide (TPSC) trisodium salt at pH 5.9, 7.4, and 9.3 results is a decrease in the absorbance of the Soret (B-band) at 413 nm of TPSC. A decrease in Soret band absorbance is observed with guanine below pH 8; at higher pH values a new absorbance band at 424 nm is observed. The appearance of the band is consistent with hydrogen bonding between the cytosine-functionalized porphyrin and guanine and the resulting perturbation of the electron orbitals of the porphyrin.
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Stoyanov, Stanislav R., Cindy-Xing Yin, Murray R. Gray, Jeffrey M. Stryker, Sergey Gusarov, and Andriy Kovalenko. "Density functional theory investigation of the effect of axial coordination and annelation on the absorption spectroscopy of nickel(II) and vanadyl porphyrins relevant to bitumen and crude oils." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0532.
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The vanadium and nickel components in heavy oils and bitumen are important impurities in catalytic processing and form aggregates with other asphaltene components. Metalloporphyrins are commonly analyzed using the characteristic Soret band in the UV–vis absorption spectrum. However, the Soret band of metalloporphyrins in petroleum is broadened and weaker than expected based on the concentration of Ni and V in heavy oils and the extinction coefficients of isolated porphyrins. We hypothesize that the low intensity and broadening of the Soret band could be due to axial coordination of the metal center or fusion (annelation) of aromatic rings on the porphyrin π-system. This hypothesis is examined using the density functional theory for geometry optimization and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for calculation of excited states of nickel(II) and vanadyl porphyrins with axially coordinated ligands and annelated polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Predictions of the excited electronic states performed using the tandem of TD-DFT and conductor-like polarizable continuum model of solvation support this hypothesis and provide insight into the extent of Soret band broadening and intensity decrease due to coordination and annelation. These computational results, validated with respect to visible absorption spectra, are important for understanding asphaltene aggregation and spectroscopic characterization and suggest methods for removal of transition metals from heavy oil.
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Solovyov, Konstantin N., Serguei M. Arabei, Lev L. Gladkov, Vera K. Konstantinova, Alisa E. Turkova, and Yuri S. Avlasevich. "Quasi-line vibronic spectra of 2,3,12,13-tetramethyldibenzoporphine and their interpretation." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, no. 12 (December 2003): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000975.
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The quasi-line fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of 2,3,12,13-tetrame-thyldibenzoporphine have been obtained at 77 K in n-octane and analyzed. The normal-coordinate analysis of this molecule has been performed, and the spectra have been interpreted in detail. In the Soret band region the fluorescence excitation quasi-line spectra clearly reveal two 0-0 components. The problem of the nature of the Soret band of free-base porphyrins is discussed.
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Fujisawa, Jun-ichi. "Highly-selective absorption control in photosynthetic chlorin dyes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 04 (April 2015): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614501041.
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Selective chemical control of light-absorption bands of dye molecules in which the wavelengths of two or more absorption bands are individually controlled by chemical modifications is an ultimate challenge in chemistry and an important subject for their wide applications. Recently, selective absorption tuning was first reported in photosynthetic bacteriochlorin dyes. In the bacteriochlorin dyes, either the visible or near IR band is selectively shifted by the chemical modifications almost retaining the other band. Fujisawa et al. clarified that the selective absorption tuning is accomplished by chemical control of configuration interactions in the two two-level systems. This paper reports on more highly-selective absorption tuning in photosynthetic chlorin dyes, bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) d and e and the mechanism. In BChls d and e, the near UV band (so-called Soret band) is selectively red-shifted by the chemical modifications of BChl d involving the formylation and methylation perfectly retaining the visible band (so-called Qy). Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT analyses showed that the red-shift of the Soret band is predominantly attributed to the large stabilization of the second lowest unoccupied molecular orbital induced by the formylation. In contrast, the Qy absorption retention results from the perfect cancellation between the positive excitation-energy change due to the formylation and negative excitation-energy change due to the methylation, both of which are significantly contributed by configuration interactions. This work reveals that the highly-selective absorption control in BChls d and e is accomplished by the complicated control of configuration interactions in the four-level system.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soret band"
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Fsaifes, Ihsan. "Encodage et décodage temporels tout-optique à réseaux de Bragg pour l'accès multiple /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41248739p.
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Vergne, Antoine. "Kleros et Demos : la théorie du tirage au sort en politique au banc d’essai de la pratique de la Planungszelle et du jury citoyen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0036.
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La thèse prend comme champ d’investigation un corpus de textes dans lesquels se trouvent des propositions d’introduction du tirage au sort en politique et pose la question de leur cohérence et de leur pertinence : les publications forment-elles un ensemble que l’on pourrait qualifier de « théorie de la démocratie aléatoire » ? Si oui, les attentes formulées par ses tenants vis-à-vis de la pratique sont-elles utopiques ou, au contraire, sont-elles réalisées dans des expériences recourant au tirage au sort des participants, tels que les « mini-publics » ? L’analyse quantitative et qualitative du corpus amène à la conclusion que l’on a bien affaire à l’émergence d’une théorie qui s’articule autour d’une trame argumentative collective et d’attentes communes : le tirage serait ainsi une solution aux crises accablant les démocraties libérales. Son usage permettrait d’atteindre une meilleure représentation formelle et substantielle, une participation qualitativement et quantitativement accrue, et refondrait la démocratie sur une nouvelle légitimité, plus procédurale et dynamique. La thèse répond ensuite à la deuxième question en passant la théorie au banc d’essai de la pratique d’une Planungszelle et d’un jury citoyen, deux modèles de mini-publics dans lesquels des citoyens sont recrutés par tirage afin d’élaborer des recommandations de politique publique. L’enquête empirique qualitative permet d’avancer que la plupart des attentes sont remplies, mais dans un cadre à portée limitée, ce qui pose la double question des conditions de réalisation de la théorie et des possibilités d’améliorer les dispositifs de mini-publics par le biais d’une nouvelle ingénierie institutionnelleThe field of investigation of this thesis is a body of texts containing proposals for the introduction of random selection schemes in politics. The thesis questions the relevance and coherence of these texts: do the publications form a theoretical ensemble that could be labelled as a “theory of aleatory democracy”? If so, do the expectations raised by its supporters remain merely utopian or do they stand the test of the political practice? The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the text corpus leads to the conclusion that we are in fact dealing with the emergence of a theory and that the analysed authors develop a common argumentative frame and common expectations: the use of random selection in politics could be a solution to overcome the crises of liberal democracies. Its use would allow a better formal and substantial representation, a qualitatively and quantitatively increased participation, and give birth to a new, more procedural and dynamic form of legitimacy. These expectations are then tested with the help of two mini-publics, that is to say, experiments in participatory democracy that use random selection to recruit their participants: a Planungszelle (Planning Cell) and a jury citoyen (Citizens Jury). The qualitative empirical investigation shows that most of the expectations are fulfilled, although only in a limited geographical, social and political frame. These results raise the double question of the conditions for the realization of the theory and of the possible improvement of the mini-public mechanisms through institutional engineering
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Vergne, Antoine [Verfasser]. "Kleros & Demos : La théorie du tirage au sort en politique au banc d’essai de la pratique de la Planungszelle et du jury citoyen / Antoine Vergne." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103430027X/34.
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Douzet, Jérôme. "Conception, construction, experimentation et modelisation d'un banc d'essais grandeur nature de climatisation utilisant un fluide frigoporteur diphasique a base d'hydrates de tbab." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733018.
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Depuis plusieurs années de nouveaux procédés industriels destinés à la réfrigération et à la climatisation sont étudiés et mis sur le marché. Parmi ceux qui commencent à connaître des débouchés commerciaux on compte les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques solide/liquide. Ces dispositifs offrent en effet les avantages de réduire l'utilisation des fluides frigorigènes de plus en plus réglementée et de pouvoir lisser la production de froid sur 24 heures grâce à la possibilité de stocker ces fluides diphasiques. Le domaine de la réfrigération connaît au niveau européen, grâce à plusieurs industriels, un premier essor de l'utilisation de " coulis " ou " sorbet " de glace. La climatisation industrielle ou collective représente également un enjeu énergétique majeur tant du point de vue de la consommation énergétique instantanée qu'elle nécessite que du point de vue des "pics" qu'elle génère à certaine périodes de la journée.Dans ce domaine et sur le continent asiatique (particulièrement au Japon), l'utilisation de sorbets est également en phase d'expansion. Dans ce cas, les sorbets utilisés sont des " coulis d'hydrates " qui présentent l'intérêt de cristalliser à des températures positives plus adaptées à la climatisation que celles des " coulis de glace ".Ces travaux de thèse ont donc consisté à adapter une technologie de réfrigération disponible sur le marché européen au domaine de la climatisation. Le fluide utilisé est une solution de TBAB (Bromure de Tetra-ButylAmmonium) qui est une solution aqueuse dont la température de cristallisation à pression atmosphérique peut être ajustée entre environ 6 et 12°C. Le dispositif expérimental conçu et construit est donc un prototype industriel de taille réelle capable de climatiser 4 pièces. A la fois démonstrateur industriel et banc d'essais instrumenté, il est destiné à mener à bien des séances d'essais afin de démontrer la faisabilité du procédé, de diagnostiquer des améliorations et de prévoir de nouvelles évolutions. Parallèlement aux travaux de construction et aux séances d'essais, des mesures complémentaires concernant certaines caractéristiques thermo-physiques des sorbets d'hydrates de TBAB ont été menées en laboratoire. Enfin, un outil de modélisation a également été développé afin de rattacher les expériences à des phénomènes thermo-physiques théoriques. Cette modélisation a pour but d'être un outil prédicatif à la conception de nouvelles installations et au développement du prototype.
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Douzet, Jérôme. "Conception, construction, experimentation et modelisation d’un banc d’essais grandeur nature de climatisation utilisant un fluide frigoporteur diphasique a base d’hydrates de tbab." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0616/document.
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Depuis plusieurs années de nouveaux procédés industriels destinés à la réfrigération et à la climatisation sont étudiés et mis sur le marché. Parmi ceux qui commencent à connaître des débouchés commerciaux on compte les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques solide/liquide. Ces dispositifs offrent en effet les avantages de réduire l’utilisation des fluides frigorigènes de plus en plus réglementée et de pouvoir lisser la production de froid sur 24 heures grâce à la possibilité de stocker ces fluides diphasiques. Le domaine de la réfrigération connaît au niveau européen, grâce à plusieurs industriels, un premier essor de l’utilisation de « coulis » ou « sorbet » de glace. La climatisation industrielle ou collective représente également un enjeu énergétique majeur tant du point de vue de la consommation énergétique instantanée qu’elle nécessite que du point de vue des “pics” qu’elle génère à certaine périodes de la journée.Dans ce domaine et sur le continent asiatique (particulièrement au Japon), l’utilisation de sorbets est également en phase d’expansion. Dans ce cas, les sorbets utilisés sont des « coulis d’hydrates » qui présentent l’intérêt de cristalliser à des températures positives plus adaptées à la climatisation que celles des « coulis de glace ».Ces travaux de thèse ont donc consisté à adapter une technologie de réfrigération disponible sur le marché européen au domaine de la climatisation. Le fluide utilisé est une solution de TBAB (Bromure de Tetra-ButylAmmonium) qui est une solution aqueuse dont la température de cristallisation à pression atmosphérique peut être ajustée entre environ 6 et 12°C. Le dispositif expérimental conçu et construit est donc un prototype industriel de taille réelle capable de climatiser 4 pièces. A la fois démonstrateur industriel et banc d’essais instrumenté, il est destiné à mener à bien des séances d’essais afin de démontrer la faisabilité du procédé, de diagnostiquer des améliorations et de prévoir de nouvelles évolutions. Parallèlement aux travaux de construction et aux séances d’essais, des mesures complémentaires concernant certaines caractéristiques thermo-physiques des sorbets d’hydrates de TBAB ont été menées en laboratoire. Enfin, un outil de modélisation a également été développé afin de rattacher les expériences à des phénomènes thermo-physiques théoriques. Cette modélisation a pour but d’être un outil prédicatif à la conception de nouvelles installations et au développement du prototypeFor some years, new industrial processes have been developed and marketed in the refrigeration and air conditioning fields. Among systems which begin to have good business opportunities some are using two-phase secondary refrigerants solid / liquid. This kind of technology offers the advantages of reducing the use of classical refrigerants which are regulated and can smooth the production of cold over 24 hours with its ability to store the slurry. At the European level, thanks to the efforts of several manufacturers, the refrigeration field is developing fast with respect to the use of ice slurries. Moreover the industrial or district air conditioning field is a major energetic issue in terms of the immediate energy it requires as well as in terms of "peaks" generated during certain periods of the day.In this field, especially in Japan, the use of “PCM” (Phase Change Material) is additionally developing. In this technological segment, the PCM used are hydrate slurries. This solution has the advantage of crystallizing at positive temperatures which is more suited for the air conditioning than ice slurries.This research work deals with the adaption of a refrigeration technology available on the European market to the field of air conditioning. The fluid used is an aqueous solution of TBAB (Tetra-Butylammonium Bromide) with a crystallization temperature at atmospheric pressure which can be adjusted to a temperature between 6 and 12°C. The experimental device designed and installed is a real size prototype able to cool 4 rooms. Both the industrial demonstrator as well as instrumented test bench allowed us to carry out practice sessions which demonstrated the feasibility of the process. It also allowed us to design improvements and new developments. In parallel to the construction and the experiments, additional measurements concerning some thermo-physical characteristics of TBAB hydrate slurries were conducted in specialised laboratory. Finally, a modelling tool was also developed in order to relate our experiments with theoretical thermo-physical phenomena. This numerical model is intended to be a predicative tool for the design of new installations and for the development of the prototype
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Fsaifes, Ihsan. "Encodage et Décodage Temporels "Tout-Optique" à Réseaux de Bragg pour l'Accès Multiple." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005525.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre des réseaux optiques haut débit où la bande passante de la fibre est partagée entre plusieurs utilisateurs. Ce type de réseau conduit à s'intéresser aux techniques d'accès multiple déjà bien connues en communication radiofréquences pour le partage des ressources. L'accès multiple par répartition de code est considéré aujourd'hui dans ce contexte comme une solution attractive. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'encodage et le décodage temporels "tout-optique" pour l'accès multiple utilisant des réseaux de Bragg. En particulier, nous analysons en détail les performances d'un système OCDMA cohérent temporel à réseaux de Bragg superstructurés. Nous spécifions tout d'abord, les codeurs et décodeurs à réseaux de Bragg superstructurés que nous fabriquons ensuite par les méthodes de photo-inscription à "masque de phase" et à "interféromètre de Lloyd". Les réponses des codeurs et des décodeurs sont mesurées expérimentalement, comparées aux résultats de simulations et analysées. Nous caractérisons les réseaux de Bragg superstructurés par la méthode de réflectométrie à faible cohérence et interprétons la courbe de cinétique de croissance observée lors de leur photo-inscription. L'impact de la désadaptation entre les paramètres des codeurs et des décodeurs est évalué, montrant que les sources de bruits d'un système OCDMA ne sont pas seules en cause dans la dégradation de ses performances. Nous étudions ensuite, l'impact du temps de cohérence du laser sur la génération des codes, sur la construction de la fonction d'autocorrélation, et par conséquent, sur les performances du système OCDMA. Nous montrons que l'implémentation de codes à structure apériodique améliore considérablement la robustesse du système aux perturbations interférométriques et que le système se révèle également plus robuste face aux interférences entre symboles et aux bruits de battements. Nous analysons l'impact de la durée d'intégration du photo-détecteur sur les performances en taux d'erreurs binaires du système et montrons qu'il est possible de relâcher la contrainte
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Cheng, Yo-Yuan, and 鄭又元. "Probing Adsorption, Orientation and Conformational Changes of Cytochrome c on Fused Silica Surfaces with the Soret Band." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98147851652435132024.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
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Surfaces play an important role in biology and medicine with most biological reactions occurring at surfaces and interfaces. The advancements in surface science have significantly increased our ability to characterize the surface properties and molecular structure of biomaterials. The study has allowed the development of biological model for surface science, where the ultimate goal is to gain a detailed understanding of how the surface properties of a material control the biological reactivity of a cell interacting with the surface. Numerous examples show that the surface properties of a material are directly related to in vitro biological performance such as protein adsorption. The challenge is to fully develop the biological model for surface science in the highly complex and interactive in vivo biological environment. We provide directions and opportunities for surface science working in biological research include exploiting biocompatible materials, protein chromatography, solid phase immunoassays, biosensor, and biochips. Why would nature evolve molecular systems that exploit surfaces? Surfaces provide high accessibility for reaction. The low energy barrier to mobility in the plane of the surface can use to facilitate complex reactions (conformation/ orientation change) Self assemble in the plane of the interface can be used to orient and space molecules with precision. Molecular recognition, a manifestation of both geometry and chemistry, is readily implemented at surfaces. Besides, surface concepts have been adopted in medical and biological technology. Consider implant biomaterials, blood oxygenators, hemodialysis, affinity chromatography, surface diagnostics, cell culture surfaces and biosensors as examples of surface technology applies to biological problems. These applications have been largely driven by early observations that surfaces control biological reactions. A related, important realization was that proteins in aqueous solution rapidly adsorb as monolayers on surfaces. The thickness of the adsorbed protein monolayer (1-10 nm) is, fortuitously, in the range where most of surface analysis instrumentation yields optimal results. Studying proteins at interfaces with spectroscopic means allows detailed examination of the nature of protein-surface interactions as well as stringent test of the principles that govern the conformational changes and functionality of proteins within a confined space. In studying proteins at interfaces, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with total internal reflection (TIR) is a commonly adopted method. The method is useful for investigation of the backbone amide groups, whose vibrations reflect the change in α-helix and β-sheet secondary structures of the adsorbed proteins. However, no information about the molecule’s adsorption orientation is provided by such spectra. Raman spectroscopy has also been applied to the investigation of proteins at interfaces. The technique is particularly sensitive for heme-containing proteins, which have a strong adsorption arising from the electronic transition (π→π*) of the heme moiety, ideal for resonance-enhanced Raman excitation in the visible region. In addition to the information about structural changes as provided by TIR-FTIR, molecular orientation of the adsorbed protein can also be deduced the relative intensity of the in-plane transitions of the heme group using polarized light at two different directions. For the heme proteins, Saaverdra and coworkers have studied extensively the molecular orientaion of both cytochrome c (cyt c) and myoglobin (Mb) on the substrates of variable surface chemistry. They determined the orientation of the transition dipoles using linear dichrosim for a protein film on the surface of an integrated optical waveguide. Molecular orientation distribution was additionally assessed from laser-induced fluorescence anisotropy measurements conducted in the TIR configuration. Their results show that the mean molecular orientation of both cyt c and Mb on both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic (silanized by dimethyldichlorosilane) surface is anisotropic rather than random. From the crystallographic dimension of each protein molecule, a monolayer density of ~1.3×1013 and ~0.9×1013 molecules/cm2 was estimated for cyt c and Mb, respectively, assuming that no ‘spreading’ results from adsorption-induced conformational changes. Salafsky and Eisenthal recently also showed that second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy is a useful tool in probing protein adsorption to the fused silica surface and to negatively charged phospholopids bilayers. The SHG signal reflects the amount of the surface-bound protein because binding of the protein molecules to the surfaces reduces the polarization of interfacial water, resulting in the loss of the SHG signal. The technique is intrinsically surface-sensitive, and has allowed detection sensitively on the order of 1011 molecules/cm2 to be achieved explicitly for cyt c. An adsorbed protein molecule changes its conformation to some extent due to the protein-surface interactions. Specifically, a surface may lower the energy state of the partially “unfolded” protein relative to the energy of the corresponding conformations in solution. However, this unfolding or “spreading” effect is often very small just because of some protein’s internal strong hydrogen bond and disulfur bond to resist the outer surface-protein interaction. Even under the most extreme conditions, Herbold et al. observed only a small percentage of cyt c unfolding on the sorbent when examining the effect of temperature on the elution properties of the protein in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Their findings suggested that the conformational changes similar to those observed in solution occur at a temperature lower (by ~20 K) than that when cyt c binds to a surface. We propose a new method to study a combination of the phenomena, adsorption isotherms, molecular orientation, packing density, pH dependence, and conformational changes of cyt c adsorbed to fused silica surfaces with high sensitivity. This is achieved by using total internal reflection adsorption (TIRA) spectroscopy, focusing on the Soret Band of the heme moiety. The Soret band has an exceptionally large molar adsorptivity and has been known to be a sensitive probe for the protein’s conformational changes (induced by acid and/or alcohol) in solution. Particularly, the shift of the Soret band reflects the conditions of ligand binding, oxidation states of the iron, and conformations of the polypetide in the vicinity of the porphyrin group. Compared to the Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy, the TIRA is advantageous in being able to provide precise measures of the absolute numbers of the surface-bound proteins without the need of calibration against appropriate standards. By using this method, information about the absorbate density as well as the adsorption-induced conformational changes can be deduced from a close comparison of the protein’s properties in solution and on surface.
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Frazier, Richard. "A Q-sort comparison of student and teacher values concerning wind band music education in public secondary schools." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30200.
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Public music education in the United States, including secondary wind band ensembles, has experienced a decades-long enrollment decline (Dembowski, Gay, & Owings, 1979; Elpus & Abril, 2011; Hartley, 1996, 1991; Hoffer, 1980; Music for All Foundation, 2004; Stewart, 1991; von Zastrow & Janc, 2004; Woodworth et al., 2007). Research has shown that students feel more ownership, membership, and attachment to an organization when it speaks to their values (Furrer & Skinner, 2003; Hurley, 1992, 1995; Mitra, 2003, 2004; Rudduck et al., 2003; Rudduck & Flutter 2000, 2004; Williams, 2011). With a more concerted effort by music educators to integrate student values, this enrollment trend could be stemmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare student values of music education with those of their teachers.
I adopted the subjectivist viewpoint of value theory, positioned in the field of psychology, for the theoretical framework. From this perspective, values are guiding principles of a person that are revealed through evaluation. This was paired with Q methodology, which allowed participants’ subjective values to be accessed through a sorting activity.
Data collection took place in two phases. First, values were identified through open-ended questions posed to 3 teachers and 188 students in wind band ensembles at three randomly selected public secondary schools in Chester County, PA. These statements formed the Q-set, which, during the second phase, the directors and 12 randomly selected students, four at each site, sorted into a unimodal distribution framework.
The Q-set was organized into seven categories and the data from the Q-sort were used to calculate various means to compare student and teacher responses as well as to calculate correlation coefficients. These data, combined with background information and post-sort interview responses, revealed that students and their teachers held different values for music education at each individual site as well as collectively.
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Jeon, Hyung-Joon. "A 10Gb/s Full On-chip Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery System Using an Adaptive Loop Bandwidth Strategy." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-7183.
Full textAbstract:
As demand for higher bandwidth I/O grows, the front end design of serial link
becomes significant to overcome stringent timing requirements on noisy and bandwidthlimited
channels. As a clock reconstructing module in a receiver, the recovered clock
quality of Clock and Data Recovery is the main issue of the receiver performance.
However, from unknown incoming jitter, it is difficult to optimize loop dynamics to
minimize steady-state and dynamic jitter.
In this thesis a 10 Gb/s adaptive loop bandwidth clock and data recovery circuit
with on-chip loop filter is presented. The proposed system optimizes the loop bandwidth
adaptively to minimize jitter so that it leads to an improved jitter tolerance performance.
This architecture tunes the loop bandwidth by a factor of eight based on the phase
information of incoming data. The resulting architecture performs as good as a
maximum fixed loop bandwidth CDR while tracking high speed input jitter and as good
as a minimum fixed bandwidth CDR while suppressing wide bandwidth steady-state jitter. By employing a mixed mode predictor, high updating rate loop bandwidth
adaptation is achieved with low power consumption. Another relevant feature is that it
integrates a typically large off-chip filter using a capacitance multiplication technique
that employs dual charge pumps.
The functionality of the proposed architecture has been verified through
schematic and behavioral model simulations. In the simulation, the performance of jitter
tolerance is confirmed that the proposed solution provides improved results and
robustness to the variation of jitter profile. Its applicability to industrial standards is also
verified by the jitter tolerance passing SONET OC-192 successfully.
Books on the topic "Soret band"
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ill, Jones Bob 1926, ed. Rapunzel, sort of. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Puffin Books, 1992.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Sorel Board of Trade. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Steane, Andrew. Religious Language. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824589.003.0012.
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Religion is considered as a social phenomenon, having both good forms and bad forms. The widespread modern nervousness around religion is recognized, but that nervousness itself often misconstrues religion. Religious violence is briefly analysed, and compared with other forms of violence. The variety of meanings of the word ‘God’ is sketched. The main aim is to point out that there is this variety, and to point out that some of them don’t work, and then to consider briefly what sort of religious language can be helpful.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. General Expectations I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793670.003.0006.
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The notion of epistemic responsibility that emerges from Chapters 1–4 is a minimalist one: a subject is responsible in this sense so long as she forms her beliefs in a way that avoids bald incoherence with her background beliefs. In Chapter 5 the author argues that knowledge itself requires a more substantial kind of epistemic responsibility, and goes on to account for that sort of responsibility. It pursues the idea that epistemic responsibility in this more robust sense is a matter of satisfying the general expectations others are entitled to have of one as an epistemic subject. The author argues that these expectations derive from our social practices, and their legitimacy reflects the legitimacy of those practices.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. Earning People’s Trust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 (‘Earning People’s Trust’) tackles head on how banks must balance a number of issues and sort out challenges in the roll-out of new technology. This idea is developed by exploring different ways in which self-service through ATMs has been marketed to consumers. ATM networks in the 1990s were still error prone and this gave rise to a growing number of withdrawal transactions (aka ‘phantom withdrawals’) for which neither client nor bank wanted to take responsibility. The issue of ‘phantom withdrawals’ enables the discussion to explore some of the legal hurdles yet to be sorted out in the delivery of high-volume transactions at the dawn of the digital age.
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Michaelson, Eliot. The Lies We Tell Each Other Together. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743965.003.0010.
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A great deal of attention has been directed at the question of what exactly is required for an utterance to count as a lie. At the center of recent discussion stand bald-faced lies, which have proven to be remarkably resistant to philosophical analysis. This chapter focuses on a related, yet curiously under-explored, set of cases: lies that we construct together, as friends, families, colleagues, and communities. This sort of lie exhibits a degree of moral and linguistic complexity not found in more standard examples of lying. That moral complexity will ultimately put pressure on the enduring thesis that the distinctive wrong of lying is that it threatens to undermine the potential for communication. The linguistic complexity, in contrast, will stand as a challenge to standard theories of conversational dynamics.
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Luraghi, Nino. The Discourse of Tyranny and the Greek Roots of the Bad King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199394852.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a systematic discussion of the essential attributes of the tyrant in ancient Greece, whence both the term and the concept spread throughout the West. Seen against the background of Greek cultural and moral values, the tyrant emerges as a radically marginal character, a violator of the accepted norms of sociability, a monstrous aberration. Thus, tyranny was perceived and depicted not as a bad political alternative but as a primordial sort of evil: a taboo that cannot be rationalized. Yet, the discourse of tyranny, this chapter argues, underpinned the whole concept of monarchy in Greek culture, to the point that the typical virtues of the ideal ruler were nothing more than a reversal of the negative traits of the tyrant.
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Hause, Jeffrey. Merciful Demand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827030.003.0005.
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In the late twelfth and early thirteenth century, increasingly sophisticated ethical thought made its way out of the theology texts and into pastoral guides and sermons, making it possible for a greater number of ethically informed lay people to share pastoral responsibility. One exercise of this responsibility was fraternal correction, through which a person, motivated by charity, rebukes a neighbor for his or her wrongdoing. This essay argues that the practice of fraternal correction is in fact a sort of blaming, since it includes a judgment of blameworthiness and opprobrium for the offender’s bad choice, moral address directed to the offender, the demand for a response, and holding the offender accountable. However, in contrast to other forms of blame, the source of the offender’s accountability to the corrector in fraternal correction is the social system created by the exercise of mercy.
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Griswold, Charles L. Being and Appearing: Self-falsification, Exchange and Freedom in Rousseau and Adam Smith. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.003.0010.
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We are familiar with the charge that commercial society reduces exchange (social and economic) to a sort of play-acting characterized by bad faith, false consciousness, and estrangement. Rousseau famously insists that the phenomenon of not appearing as who or what one really is, of living “outside” as opposed to “within” oneself, constitutes a pervasive defect of modern society especially. Remarkably, Smith’s review of the Second Discourse included translations of relevant passages. This chapter explores what Rousseau means by I will call “self-falsification.” Passages from Smith are deployed as a way of fleshing out both the strongest version of Rousseau’s claims and the tenability of Smith’s response. The debate turns in part on how one understands freedom or agency and their connection to spectatorship, role-playing, and delusion. With the help of work by Langton and others, I reflect on Smith’s notion of agential freedom in view of Rousseau’s claims.
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Wiseman, Rachael. Moral Philosophy. Edited by Anthony O'Hear. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009109413.
Full textAbstract:
What is moral philosophy? That is the question with which this important volume grapples. Its starting point is the famous critique made in 1958 by Elizabeth Anscombe, who argued that moral philosophy begins from a mistake: that it is fundamentally wrong about the sort of concept that the word 'moral' represents. Anscombe rejected moral philosophy as it was then (and mostly now still is) practised. She offered instead a blueprint for the task moral philosophers must embrace if they are to speak intelligibly to society about good and bad, right and wrong, duty and obligation. The chapters in this book are inspired by Anscombe's classic text. One of the most powerful voices here, among many authoritative voices, is that of Philippa Foot – Anscombe's lifelong friend – who asserts that 'any account of practical reason evacuated of an understanding of what human beings need to flourish is inadequate and must be rejected.'
Book chapters on the topic "Soret band"
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Rhee, Hanju, Taiha Joo, Naoki Aratani, and Atsuhiro Osuka. "Ultrafast Energy Transfer in the Soret Band of Linear Porphyrin Arrays." In Ultrafast Phenomena XV, 480–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68781-8_155.
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Matti Linnanto, Juha. "Electronic Structure of Chlorophyll Monomers and Oligomers." In Chlorophylls [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104089.
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This chapter deals with the electronic structure of chlorophyll molecules and their complexes. Different theoretical and quantum chemical calculation methods are used to study the molecular and electronic structure of chlorophylls. Studied spectral region covers ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions, containing blue side of the Soret band, as also traditional Qy band region. Thus, there are not only focusing on the traditional Qy, Qx, and Soret transitions of chlorophylls but also high-energy transitions (in this region also proteins and nuclei acids absorb light). The aim is to show the effect of molecular conformation on the electronic states and thus on the absorption and emission spectra of monomers and oligomers. In chlorophyll-protein complexes, such conformation effect finetuning the spectral transitions and increases overlap between donor and acceptor states of energy transfer processes. Also, the role of vibronic transition in the shape of absorption and emission spectra of the studied systems will be considered.
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Prakash, Choudhary Shyam, and Sushila Maheshkar. "Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using DyWT." In Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 741–50. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2466-4.ch046.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we proposed a passive method for copy-move region duplication detection using dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT). DyWT is better than discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for data analysis as it is shift invariant. Initially we decompose the input image into approximation (LL1) and detail (HH1) sub-bands. Then LL1 and HH1 sub-bands are divided into overlapping sub blocks and find the similarity between the blocks. In LL1 sub-band the copied and moved blocks have high similarity rate than the HH1 sub-band, this is just because, there is noise inconsistency in the moved blocks. Then we sort the LL1 sub-band blocks pair based on high similarity and in HH1 blocks are sorted based on high dissimilarity. Then we apply threshold to get the copied moved blocks. Here we also applied some post processing operations to check the robustness of our method and we get the satisfactory results to validate the copy move forgery detection.
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Prakash, Choudhary Shyam, and Sushila Maheshkar. "Copy-Move Forgery Detection Using DyWT." In Digital Forensics and Forensic Investigations, 117–26. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3025-2.ch010.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we proposed a passive method for copy-move region duplication detection using dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT). DyWT is better than discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for data analysis as it is shift invariant. Initially we decompose the input image into approximation (LL1) and detail (HH1) sub-bands. Then LL1 and HH1 sub-bands are divided into overlapping sub blocks and find the similarity between the blocks. In LL1 sub-band the copied and moved blocks have high similarity rate than the HH1 sub-band, this is just because, there is noise inconsistency in the moved blocks. Then we sort the LL1 sub-band blocks pair based on high similarity and in HH1 blocks are sorted based on high dissimilarity. Then we apply threshold to get the copied moved blocks. Here we also applied some post processing operations to check the robustness of our method and we get the satisfactory results to validate the copy move forgery detection.
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Talley, Nick. "Hiccups, sore mouth and bad breath." In Clinical Gastroenterology, 27–36. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7295-3948-7.10003-6.
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"Achter Teil. Von Georges Sorel zu Benito Mussolini." In Die Geschichte der totalitären Demokratie Band III, 567–638. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666310102.567.
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Aydin, Metin. "Density Functional Theory Study of the Solvent Effects on Electronic Transition Energies of Porphyrins." In Density Functional Theory - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99613.
Full textAbstract:
We have calculated the solvent effects on the ground state and the lowest triplet state absorption spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) and their diprotonated forms (H4TPP and H4TSPP) in thirty-nine different solvent using time-dependent-DFT density functional theory (TD-DFT) coupled with CPCM method. The results of the calculations show that the Q-bands and Soret-bands (or B-bands) in the absorption spectra of these compounds substantially change as function of solvent dielectric constant (ε) up to 20.493 (acetone), but become stabile in high polar solvents with dielectric constants ε > 20. The relative shifts in the B-bands are more significant than that in the Q-bands. The magnitude of the shifts in the spectral position of the Q and B bands are in the following order: H4TSPP > H4TPP > TPP > TSPP for the B-bands and H4TSPP > H4TPP > TSPP > TPP for the Q-bands. We also have determined that the energy-gaps between the B/Q-bands and their nearest triplet states are also solvent dependent for ε < ~ 20.493.
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Hauck, Karl. "Die bremische Überlieferung zur Götter-Dreiheit Altuppsalas und die bornholmischen Goldfolien aus Sorte Muld (Zur Ikonologie der Goldbrakteaten, LH)." In Frühmittelalterliche Studien Band 27, 409–79. De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112422045-018.
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Mundy, Simon, and Esmée Schilte. "The Future of Broadcasting." In Key Issues in the Arts and Entertainment Industry. Goodfellow Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-20-8-1430.
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At the end of the last century, a dictionary could confidently define broadcasting as the transmission of a signal for television or radio. Within a decade, every element of that definition had changed. Transmission had branched out from the cumbersome business of placing masts bearing receivers and transmitters at the highest vantage points across the countryside. A signal was no longer confined to the band waves that the air could carry — invisible streams snaking their way across the landscape: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrying television, as long as the hills weren’t in the way; Very High Frequency (VHF or FM)carrying wonderful quality sound, as long as the same hills were not joined by chimneys, bodies, the wrong sort of cloud or stonework; Long Wave, unstoppable by anything except distance, it seemed,carrying cricket and the shipping forecast across Europe and far out to sea; Medium Wave(AM), the carrier of choice for hosts of daytime local music stations and great for listening in the car, but hopeless when night fell and the waves went bouncing around the ionosphere bringing martial music from Albania where the football commentary should have been; and Short Wave — the touchiest of the wave bands, that made catching the words as hard as catching fish, but finally gave national broadcasters a global reach.
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Blevins, Brooks. "Epilogue." In A History of the Ozarks, Volume 2, 237–44. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042737.003.0007.
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The brief epilogue, which is meant to serve as a sort of interpretive bridge to volume 3, recounts the story of the Christian County, Missouri, Bald Knobbers and the national press that these vigilantes received in the late 1880s, culminating in a triple hanging in 1889. This last segment of the Bald Knobber saga marks a watershed in the history of the region as the point at which the “cultural Ozarks” starts to emerge in the American consciousness--a point that is extended in the first chapter of volume 3.
Conference papers on the topic "Soret band"
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Torres-Garcia, Alicia E., Jose M. Perez-Escudero, Ramoon Gonzalo, and Itnigo Ederra. "Comparison of Modified Soret Lenses for Dual Band Integrated Detectors." In 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135248.
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Rhee, Hanju, Taiha Joo, Naoki Aratani, and Atsuhiro Osuka. "Ultrafast Energy Transfer in the Soret Band of Linear Porphyrin Arrays." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2006.we2.
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Katturi, Naga Krishnakanth, Venkata Suman Krishna Jonnadula, Chinmoy Biswas, Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi, Lingamallu Giribabu, and Venugopal Rao Soma. "Ultrafast photophysical studies and femtosecond third-order nonlinear optical properties of a Soret-band excited zinc phthalocyanine." In Organic Electronics and Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices II, edited by Sebastian Reineke, Koen Vandewal, and Wouter Maes. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2558067.
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Ahmed, Md Soif, Chinmoy Biswas, Dipanjan Banerjee, Botta Bhavani, S. Prasanthkumar, Lingamallu Giribabu, Venugopal Rao Soma, and Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi. "Ultrafast Photoexcited Molecular Dynamics of Metalated Porphyrin – Napthalimide Based Donor-Acceptor Systems." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jw3b.4.
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Ultrafast excited state molecular relaxation dynamics of two porphyrin-napthalimide molecular systems in donor–acceptor configuration, have been studied using femtosecond transient absorption measurements upon pumping the Soret bands of the porphyrins with 400 nm excitation.
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Nurhasanah, Neneng, and Neni Sri Imaniyati. "The Implementation of Sharia Principle in Bank Products as Corporate Identity of Sharia Bank." In Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.99.
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Aspiranti, Tasya, Westi Riani, and Ima Amaliah. "Islamic Bank Financing Behavior." In 4th Social and Humanities Research Symposium (SoRes 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220407.011.
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Nurfahmiyati, Nurfahmiyati, Allya Roosallyn A, and Westi Riani. "Islamic Work Ethics Implementation in Islamic Bank." In Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.21.
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Weng, Ro-Min, Ting-Jui Hsiao, and Chun-Yu Liu. "A dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator for SONET OC-768 application." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2009.5118001.
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Sulistiani, Siska Lis, Muhammad Yunus, and Eva Misfah Bayuni. "Micro Waqf Bank: New Sharia Financial Instruments in Indonesia." In 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.001.
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Adi, Puput, Dwi Prasetya, Aries Setiawan, Nachrowie Nachrowie, and Rahman Arifuddin. "Design Of Tsunami Detector Based Sort Message Service Using Arduino and SIM900A to GSM/GPRS Module." In Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference On Advance And Scientific Innovation, ICASI 2019, 18 July, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-7-2019.2288588.
Full textReports on the topic "Soret band"
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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.
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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.