Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soot burnout

Academic literature on the topic 'Soot burnout'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Soot burnout"

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Gu, M. Y., Y. H. Zhu, B. Cheng, F. Zhang, Y. Wang, and Y. Y. Lin. "Study on soot oxidation activity of ethylene/methane laminar diffusion flame." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2208, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2208/1/012010.

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Abstract the soot oxidation characteristics and oxidation mechanism of ethylene flame with different methane mixing ratios were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer and oxidation reaction kinetics analysis. The conclusions are as follows: in the process of programmed temperature rise, there is almost no loss in the quality of soot particles below 450 °C; With the increasing temperature, the mass of soot particles began to decrease when the temperature exceeded 500 °C; When the temperature exceeds 750 °C, the mass of soot particles is close to zero; With the increase of flame height, the thermogravimetric curve of soot first shifts to high temperature and then to low temperature; The activation energy of soot is closely related to its oxidation process, and decreases first and then increases with the deepening of soot oxidation; The mixing of methane promotes the rise of soot ignition temperature and burnout temperature, and the minimum activation energy of soot decreases at low flame height and increases at high flame height.
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Zhang, Xuyang, Gang Lyu, Chonglin Song, and Yuehan Qiao. "Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164206.

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The present study investigated the effects of adding 20 vol.% biodiesel to petroleum diesel (to produce a mixture termed B20) on the physical properties and reactivity of the resulting exhaust soot particles. Tests were performed at different engine loads of a constant speed, and the soot particles from the combustion of B20 and petroleum diesel fuel (DF) were collected from the engine exhaust stream. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed for the analysis of soot morphology and nanostructure. The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the oxidative reactivity of the soot. For both the DF and B20 soot, increased engine loads result in soot aggregates with more compact morphology and primary soot particles with larger size and more organized structure. Compared to the DF soot, the B20 aggregates have a slightly more compact morphology and smaller primary particle size. No appreciable differences are observed in nanostructure between the DF and B20 soot. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the B20 soot is associated with lower peak temperature, burnout temperature and apparent activation energy, suggesting that it is more reactive than the DF soot.
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Yurlov, A. S., V. I. Medvedev, G. S. Yunusov, O. P. Lopatin, and A. M. Novikov. "Results of calculations of soot formation in a tractor diesel engine running on biofuel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052063.

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Abstract When burning fuel in a diesel internal combustion engine, soot is an undesirable product. To reduce the soot content in the exhaust gases, it is necessary to know the physical and chemical bases of the process of soot formation and soot burnout. Due to the determining role of acetylene in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rich mixtures in the low-temperature zone and the key role of acetylene in the surface growth of a particle in the high-temperature zone, it is concluded that the rate of surface growth of a particle is proportional to the concentration of acetylene in the reaction zone, which can be determined by the gas-kinetic method, numerically solving a system of differential equations for the components of the gas mixture under consideration.
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Likhanov, V. A., and O. P. Lopatin. "Dynamics of soot formation and burnout in a gas diesel cylinder." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (May 28, 2020): 062033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/862/6/062033.

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Rossokhin, A. V., A. O. Vasiliev, A. R. Valiev, A. A. Gordeev, Yu F. Kazakov, and A. S. Alatyrev. "The ability of natural gas to reduce soot content in diesel exhaust gases." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052057.

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Abstract In accordance with the priority directions of development of the motor transport complex of the RF, the use of NGV fuel in transport should expand and by 2035 reach 50% of the total number of trucks and buses in large cities. This is due to a number of factors. The paper presents the results of studies confirming the effectiveness of using natural gas to reduce soot emissions with exhaust gases. In particular, the dynamics of the formation and burnout of soot particles by the angle of rotation of the crankshaft at the working operating mode is considered.
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Timothy, L. D., D. Froelich, A. F. Sarofim, and J. M. Béer. "Soot formation and burnout during the combustion of dispersed pulverized coal particles." Symposium (International) on Combustion 21, no. 1 (January 1988): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(88)80345-x.

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Yurlov, A. S., O. P. Lopatin, V. A. Likhanov, V. V. Belov, and A. V. Stepanov. "Modeling of soot formation in a tractor diesel engine running on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032051.

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Abstract When studying the process of formation of soot nuclei in a flame, it is necessary to pay attention to the sequence of chemical transformations of fuel molecules in order to determine the concentration of dangerous toxic components in the exhaust gases (EG) of a diesel internal combustion engine (DICE). Today, numerous studies are being conducted to establish a detailed kinetic mechanism of the process of carbon condensation and gasification in a DICE. Despite significant progress in understanding the essence and some regularities of the processes occurring in a DICE, it is not yet possible to compile a numerical model that can predict the main indicators of soot content. A semi-empirical mathematical model of soot formation and burnout in a DICE is presented, compiled on the basis of a kinetic model that reliably predicts the dynamics of soot content in the cylinder and the concentration of soot in the EG in a wide range of operating modes of a DICE. The model makes it possible to facilitate the process of studying the factors of soot formation and reduce the cost of conducting experimental studies related to the search for alternative fuels and improving the design of a DICE, optimizing the operation of fuel supply and gas distribution systems.
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Echavarria, Carlos A., Isabel C. Jaramillo, Adel F. Sarofim, and JoAnn S. Lighty. "Burnout of soot particles in a two-stage burner with a JP-8 surrogate fuel." Combustion and Flame 159, no. 7 (July 2012): 2441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.03.011.

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Belardini, P., C. Bertoli, C. Beatrice, A. D'Anna, and N. Del Giacomo. "Application of a reduced kinetic model for soot formation and burnout in three-dimensional diesel combustion computations." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 2 (1996): 2517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80083-x.

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Moss, J. "Modeling soot formation and burnout in a high temperature laminar diffusion flame burning under oxygen-enriched conditions." Combustion and Flame 101, no. 4 (June 1995): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)00233-i.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soot burnout"

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Gómez, De la Cruz Válery Giovanna. "Síndrome de Burnout y desempeño ocupacional del personal de enfermería del Hospital Félix Mayorca Soto de Tarma en el año 2021." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16975.

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Determina la relación que existe entre el Síndrome de Burnout y el desempeño ocupacional del personal de enfermería del Hospital Félix Mayorca Soto de Tarma en el año 2021. Realiza un estudio cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo correlacional y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 76 profesionales de enfermería, personal técnico y licenciado del Hospital Félix Mayorca Soto de Tarma en el año 2021. Se aplicaron el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y la Autoevaluación Ocupacional (OSA). Resultados: Se evidenció que el 39.5% del personal de enfermería presentaba niveles altos de cansancio emocional, un 11.8% se identificó con un nivel alto de despersonalización, el mismo porcentaje dentro del nivel medio, y el 40.8% de ellos presentó niveles altos de falta de realización personal. El 51% del personal de enfermería considera que su desempeño ocupacional “es bueno” y que es “sumamente bueno” en un 46%; mientras que el 3% considera que es “es un poco difícil”. Concluye que el SB incide en el desempeño ocupacional, en una relación significativa y positiva. Es decir, los profesionales que han estado presentando SB son los que presentan dificultades en su desempeño ocupacional.
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Qamar, Nader H. "Sooting behaviour of turbulent non-premixed jet flames." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62616.

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Soot measurements using planar laser-induced incandescence (LII) have been performed in three commercial propane-fired flames produced by simple jet (SJ), precessing jet (PJ-P) and bluff-body jet (BB) burners. The flames span a wide range of different global mixing rates for the same nozzle diameter and fuel flow rate. Measurements of their radiation, NOₓ emissions and residence times are available. LII has also been performed in a natural gas-fired precessing jet (PJ-NG) flame with the same nozzle diameter and throat Reynolds number as the PJ-P and, in the well characterised “Delft III Flame” from the TNF workshop firing simulated Dutch natural gas. The PJ-P and the SJ have a similar time-averaged soot volume fraction, FV [F in italics & ¯ accented; V in italics & subscript], which is about an order of magnitude higher than in the BB and about 20 times higher than in the PJ-NG. The integrated total volume of soot, however, in the PJ-P is about 2.5 time higher than in the SJ, 25 times higher than in the PJ-NG and 220 times higher than in the BB. The axial location of the peak, time-averaged soot volume fraction, FV,max [F in italics & ¯ accented; V,max in italics & subscript], in the two propane flames issued from a long pipe, the SJ and the BB, are very similar when normalised to the flame length (x/Lfl≈0.6) [x/Lfl in italics; fl subscript] and consistent with other measurements in simple jet flames. The PJ-P and PJ-NG flames show much closer peaks at x/Lfl≈0.37 [x/Lfl in italics; fl subscript] and 0.53, respectively, also consistent with the peak heat flux in a precessing jet burner. When normalised to the length of the sooting part, the Delft flame shows a similar location of FV,max [F in italics & ¯ accented; V,max in italics & subscript] as the SJ and the BB. The soot in the Delft flame is highly intermittent with FV [F in italics & ¯ accented; V in italics & subscript] about 70 times less than in the SJ. The burnout of soot in the two propane flames issued from a long pipe, the SJ and the BB, and in the natural gas Delft flame, proceeds mainly by increasing intermittency, I [in italics], evident by the high instantaneous soot volume fraction, FV [F in italics; V in italics & subscript], and the high intermittency in the burnout region. In addition, the soot sheet dimensions do not vary significantly in the burnout region of these flames indicating that burnout proceeds by less number of soot sheets rather than a reduction in their dimensions. The burnout in the PJ-P proceeds by a different mechanism than the other turbulent flames, the asymptotic behaviour of I [in italics] and the low FV [F in italics; V in italics & subscript] reveal that the burnout in this flame is mainly due to low soot concentration. The reduction in the size of the soot sheets also indicate that both the dimensions of the sheets and the soot concentration within them drop in the burnout region. The distribution of the PDF of FV [F in italics; V in italics & subscript] in the five investigated flames is well characterised by an exponential function, with some departure at low FV [F in italics; V in italics & subscript]. The axial and radial distributions of the curve fitting parameters KP,F [K in italics; P,K in italics & subscript] and KP,O [K in italics; P,O in italics & subscript] of the exponential function for the Delft flame are presented. They were found mostly to vary smoothly with the axial height above the burner. The data provided on the well-defined Delft flame should be of great usefulness for model validation.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2010
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Books on the topic "Soot burnout"

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Moore, Dahlia. Burnt Velvet is Just as Soft. lulu.com, 2019.

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Brown, Amina. Graphables Graph Paper Notebook: In Burnt Sienna 1, with Graph Grid Paper, Soft Cover, 6 X 9, 300 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.

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éditions, internet, and Internet Éditions. Mots de Passe où Je Saute, Répertoire de a à Z, les Lettres Sont Placées en Haut à Droite Pour un Accès Facile: Idée Cadeau Originale et Humoristique, Anniversaire Collègues, Grands-Parents, Oncles, Tantes, un Carnet Pour éviter le Burnout! Independently Published, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soot burnout"

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Valieva, Fatima. "Soft Skills vs Professional Burnout: The Case of Technical Universities." In Integrating Engineering Education and Humanities for Global Intercultural Perspectives, 719–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47415-7_76.

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Hernández, Tirso J., Germán Sánchez, José F. Hernández, and Venancio Avendaño. "Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Employees of Institutions of the Health Sector." In Soft Computing in Management and Business Economics, 207–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30457-6_14.

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Naremore, James. "To Sleep with Anger (1990)." In Charles Burnett. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520285521.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses one of Burnett’s major achievements and the first of his films to be made under relatively normal Hollywood production circumstances. To Sleep with Anger tells the story of generational and class conflict within a black family in Los Angeles. Retired worker Gabriel and his wife, Susie, are visited by Harry, an old friend from the south, who becomes a houseguest. Soon after Harry’s arrival, strange things begin to happen. Gabriel falls ill, and his youngest son falls under Harry’s bad influence.
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Naremore, James. "In His Element." In Charles Burnett. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520285521.003.0014.

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Some of Burnett’s most characteristic and impressive work has taken the form of completely independent, very low budget short films that he has written, directed, photographed, and edited. These films return him to his beginnings as a sort of guerilla filmmaker who works in the streets. This chapter gives three examples: When It Rains (1995), a jazz fable about a neighborhood griot who tries to keep a mother and daughter from being evicted; The Final Insult (1997), an experimental mixture of documentary and fiction concerning homelessness in Los Angeles; and Quiet As Kept, a darkly comic film about a black family that has been displaced by Hurricane Katrina. The chapter ends with a comment on Burnett’s work in progress and his continuing importance for us today.
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Bell, J. S., and E. Van ROYEN. "On the Low-Burnett-Kroll Theorem for Soft-Photon Emission." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics, 382–88. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795854_0043.

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Valentina Micluţia, Ioana. "Psychiatric Services and Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Romania." In Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97800.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has been declared in Romania on the 16th March 2020.The medical system reacted promptly: chronic patients had to be discharged within 48 h and further scheduled admittances were postponed, adequate epidemiological measures and circuits were organized. Anxiety, insomnia, frustration, binge eating, domestic violence were reported. The majority respected the general advises but soon, persons selected their information sources rather from social media, being victims of the infodemia and peculiar conspirationist theories. A new disorder has been described: coronaphobia. The psychiatric hospitals and outpatient settings had to reduce or innactivate their activity, switch as much as possible to TelePsychiatry. Psychiatry admittances were: onsets of psychosis, relapses of schizophrenia and alcohol, other psychoactive substances abuses, intoxications, and withdrawal states. Later, there were depressions, bipolar disorders, suicide attempts, self-harm in borderline disorder, dementia and delirium. Due to the closure of outpatient units for several months, patients visited the Emergency rooms. Personnel experienced burnout and new psychiatric pathology developed in the aftermath of Covid-19 infection. A big relief occurred with the initial vaccination of the medical staff and seniors, chronically ill persons, psychiatric patients being again left behind. Medical teaching shifted entirely to online and in 2021 the hybrid teaching system has been employed.
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Wells, H. G. "Introduction." In The Time Machine, edited by Roger Luckhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198707516.003.0001.

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The Time Traveller* (for so it will be convenient to speak of him) was expounding a recondite matter to us. His grey eyes shone and twinkled, and his usually pale face was flushed and animated. The fire burnt brightly, and the soft radiance of the incandescent lights in the lilies of silver caught the bubbles that flashed and passed in our glasses. Our chairs, being his patents, embraced and caressed us rather than submitted to be sat upon, and there was that luxurious after-dinner atmosphere, when thought runs gracefully free of the trammels of precision. And he put it to us in this way—marking the points with a lean forefinger—as we sat and lazily admired his earnestness over this new paradox (as we thought it) and his fecundity.
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Leon-Villapolas, Jorge. "Burns first aid." In Burns (OSH Surgery), 59–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199699537.003.0008.

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In the UK alone there are approximately 175,000 acute burn injuries /year. There is a great variation in the way these injuries are managed. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of burn injuries have highlighted the importance of early intervention in minimizing later functional and cosmetic morbidity. Differences in beliefs and ethnic background have a large impact on the way that burns are initially dealt with, as we know that only a minority of patients presenting with burns are optimally managed pre-hospital. Lack of education and conflicting information about burns first aid is believed to be a major factor in the common occurrence of burnt patients presenting with a variety of domestic remedies being applied to their burns as first aid. Judicious application of simple burns first aid is the first step for soft tissue preservation, improvement of outcomes and a decrease in the need for operative management.
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Conference papers on the topic "Soot burnout"

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Stro¨hle, Jochen, Tore Myhrvold, and Nils A. Ro̸kke. "A Numerical Evaluation of Different Oxy-Fuel Concepts for a Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53440.

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In the present study, a numerical evaluation of different oxy-fuel concepts for a typical gas turbine combustor is performed to investigate how the inlet conditions affect fuel and CO burnout, NOx and soot emissions, and wall heat fluxes. Three oxy-fuel cases with different distribution of oxygen to the inlets are compared with a reference case using air as an oxidiser. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using the in-house CFD code SPIDER. Turbulent combustion is modelled by the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) with detailed chemistry and soot formation reactions. Whereas low oxygen concentrations at the fuel inlet lead to extinction of the flame, the temperature in the primary combustion zone becomes very high leading to unacceptable wall heat fluxes at high oxygen concentrations. NOx, hydrocarbons and soot emissions are very low while CO emissions are relatively high for the oxy-fuel cases.
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Dec, John E., and Peter L. Kelly-Zion. "The Effects of Injection Timing and Diluent Addition on Late-Combustion Soot Burnout in a DI Diesel Engine Based on Simultaneous 2-D Imaging of OH and Soot." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0238.

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Niksa, Stephen, Gui-Su Liu, Larry G. Felix, and P. Vann Bush. "Advanced CFD Post-Processing for Pulverized Fuel Flame Structure and Emissions." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26136.

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The simulation strategy described in this paper provides an alternative to conventional CFD post-processing to estimate exhaust NOX emissions. The method first analyzes a CFD furnace simulation to specify temperature histories and mixing rates. Then the bulk flow patterns are represented with an equivalent network of idealized reactor elements. Detailed reaction mechanisms are then applied over the reactor network, including the most fully validated reaction mechanisms for coal devolatilization and char oxidation and complete elementary reaction mechanisms for chemistry in the gas phase and in soot. The analysis predicted the NOX emissions from 1.7 MWt pilotscale flames of coal and coal/biomass blends within experimental uncertainty over a broad range of O2 concentrations, with and without staging. The predicted unburned carbon emissions were qualitatively correct, but char reactivity parameters would need to be specified in a one-point calibration for quantitative predictions. The analysis also characterized distinctive chemistry within the flame core, a mixing layer for secondary air entrainment, an overfire air zone, and a char burnout zone. The main practical benefit of the mechanistic complexity is that simulations based on detailed mechanisms require fewer parameter adjustments than CFD simulations whenever different fuels are considered.
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Chen, Linghong, Zhenyan Pan, Kefa Cen, Kunzan Qiu, and Gerard Grehan. "Laser-Induced Emission of Ultrafine Particulates Evolved by Pulverized Coal Pyrolysis." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55449.

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The importance of on line measurement of ultrafine particulates in pulverized coal flames is mainly due to the detection of ultrafine particulate in the effluent for pollution control, and the quantification of fuel burnout in real time within a boiler for improved understanding of the flame heat transfer soot modeling as well. A method has been investigated using laser-heated emission within an O2-free flame which provides a continuous in situ measurement of ultrafine particles during high-temperature pulverized coal pyrolysis. Bituminous coal particles are entrained by nitrogen along the centerline of a laminar flow flat flame burner, where a hydrogen-air flame under fuel-rich condition is used as a heat source. The temperatures of the hydrogen flame were measured by a finite-wire silica-coated Platinum-Rhodium type B Thermocouple. Volatiles released during the coal pyrolysis form a cloud of ultrafine particles at high temperature. A pulse laser sheet introduced to the flame heats the ultrafine particles to incandescent temperatures. The time-resolved laser-induced emission signals with different incident laser-pulse fluences were evaluated. The volume faction of ultrafine particles was associated with the peak value of the signals, and the mean particle size characterized by a time constant of the exponential signal decay. A strong dependence of the characteristic peak value and emission time constant during laser-heated particle cooling from the measured coal particle class could be determined. Specialties in signal evaluation due to residence time in the hydrogen flame for two sizes of coal particles are discussed.
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Xie, Jianwen, Weidong Fan, and Jianwen Zhang. "Study of Gas Temperature Characteristics at the Bottom of the Platen Heaters of Boiler Employing Shenhua Bituminous Coal Based on Two-Level Air Staging Combustion System." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3118.

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A 600MW tangentially fired sub-critical boiler with the volume heat load of 87.6kW/m3 at the case of BMCR was not originally equipped with the separated over fire air (SOFA) system. Shenhua bituminous coal with low ash fusion point and strong slagging characteristics is employed as its design coal. To prevent serious slagging on its platen heaters, it is necessary to employ 80% Shenhua bituminous coal with low ash fusion temperature blending 20% Shenhua bituminous coal with high ash fusion temperature. However, NOx emission value at the furnace exit reaches more than 370mg/m3 (O2 = 6%). In order to achieve a NOx emission limitation level below 100mg/m3 (O2 = 6%) for pulverized coal power boilers which meets the requirement from latest Chinese environmental protection regulation, while considering a low cost of retrofit, a comprehensive low NOx emission boiler retrofit scheme combining air-staged low NOx combustion technology and selective catalytic reduction of flue gas in the low temperature flue duct of boiler was selected preferentially. Two-level air staging technology has some obvious advantages including a little negative effect on the boiler’s combustion efficiency, and easily achieving deep air-staged combustion mode. Therefore, a study of numerical simulation concerning original combustion mode and optimized two-level air staging combustion mode was conducted. Due to excellent ignition and burnout characteristics of Shenhua bituminous coal with high volatile matter, low ash fusion temperature and reasonable configuration of upper and lower burnout air ports, the NOx emission level at the exit of furnace would be greatly reduced, and the fouling layer temperature of water wall obviously decreases, which means a definite improvement of clean degree of furnace. And the gas temperature at the bottom of platen heaters decreases about 20 °C while burning 100% Shenhua bituminous coal with low ash fusion temperature. However, its combustion efficiency would decline weakly. The performance of boiler was optimized by combustion tests after the retrofit. This boiler can fully burn Shenhua bituminous coal with low ash fusion temperature by use of two-level air staging system, and furnace soot blowing frequency also lowered. Consequently, exhaust gas temperature decreased, which achieved an increase of boiler efficiency by about 0.3%. In addition, NOx emission level decreased more than 60%, and was about 15 mg/m3 (O2 = 6%) lower than coal blending cases. To meet a full burning of Shenhua bituminous coal with low ash fusion temperature, it is suggested that two-level air staging technology should be applied to the retrofit of boiler. And then goals of low NOx emission and anti-slagging on the platen heaters can be achieved.
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Cheng, Xiaobei, Hongling Jv, and Yifeng Wu. "Application of a Phenomenological Soot Model for Diesel Engine Combustion." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1629.

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The application of the improved CFD code for the simulation of combustion and emission formation in a high-speed diesel engine has been presented and discussed. The soot concentration transport equation is found and solved together with all other flow equations. A slip correction factor is introduced into this equation. In turbulent combustion, the soot particles are contained within the turbulent eddies, and burnt up swiftly with the dissipation of these eddies in the soot oxidation zone. However, the chemical reactions always process except the dissipation of turbulent eddies and the intermixing of soot particles and turbulent eddies. The soot oxidation rate should be controlled simultaneity by the chemical reactions rate and the dissipation rate of turbulent eddies. A hybrid particle turbulent transport controlled rate and soot oxidation rate model is present in this paper and Soot formation and oxidation processes have been modeled according to this model. A reasonable agreement of the measured and computed data of in-cylinder pressure, soot, and NO emissions for different engine operation conditions has been made. The precision of simulated soot concentration is improved compare with the commonly Hiroyasu—Nagel—Strickland (HNS) soot model.
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Xu, Yi, and Chia-Fon F. Lee. "Effects of Ambient Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on Soot Evolution in Diesel Spray Combustion." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56433.

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A newly developed Forward Illumination Light Extinction (FILE) soot measurement technique was applied in a constant volume spray chamber to study the effects of ambient temperature and oxygen concentration on soot evolution in diesel combustion. The FILE technique with the capability of two-dimensional time-resolved quantitative soot measurement provides the much-needed information to investigate the soot formation mechanism. The ambient temperatures of 1200K, 1000K and 800K were tested to study the temperature effects on soot formation. A decrease of ambient temperature results in a longer ignition delay, which promotes a larger premixed combustion zone combining with higher heat release rates. The change of ambient temperature from 1200K to 800K increases the fuel portion burnt in the premixed combustion period. At 800K, combustion is dominated by the premixed combustion and much less soot is formed. Diesel combustion with 21% and 15% ambient oxygen concentration was also studied. With lower ambient oxygen concentration, the combustion process is basically not changed, but expands into a longer time span with a lower heat release rate. The lower heat release rate results in a lower flame temperature, which benefits the NOx emission control. However, with about the same amount of soot within the flame, and much longer soot life, soot has more chance to escape to the exhaust.
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8

Rosa, Roberta, and Giuseppe Madonna. "Teachers and burnout: Biodanza SRT as embodiment training in the development of emotional skills and soft skills." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc3.10.

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9

Shen, Cai, Way Lee Cheng, and Chia-fon F. Lee. "The Effects of Spray Angles on Spray Combustion of Diesel and Biodiesel in Diesel Engines." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5647.

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The effects of injection angle on the spray dynamics, combustion process and soot emission were studied. Two different fuels, diesel and biodiesel, were tested on a DIATA optical engine by performing numerical simulation using the modified KIVA III V2. Simulations under three different injection angles and two different injection pressures were performed. The model was verified by comparing the spray penetrations and pressure traces with the experimental measurements. The simulation results show that lower injection pressure strengthens spray operation, and longer ignition delay and lower peak combustion pressure and peak heat release rate are observed. Injection angle of 110° produces the highest peak combustion pressure and heat release rate for diesel fuel. Unlike diesel combustion, the peak combustion pressure and heat releases rate for biodiesel increases as the spray angle narrows. Soot located in the squish or the regions above the piston bowl are readily oxidized due to abundance of oxygen. Portions of fuel are burnt in the region about the piston bowl or squish for both spray angle of 150° and 70°. Soot located within the piston bowl is oxidized at a much slower rate due to deficient oxygen after combustion. Soot emission mainly due to soot within in the piston bowl at the end of combustion. Any strategy that pushes soot out of piston can improve the oxidization process, thus, reducing soot emission. Extra oxygen in biodiesel also helps in reducing the emission. Biodiesel has longer ignition delay over diesel for initial injection. Ignition delay for main injection is negligible in all the cases studied due to the cylinder condition upon main injection. Soot emissions are reduced from biodiesel blends and this is consistent with the general observation.
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10

Giuliani, Fabrice, Nina Paulitsch, and Andrea Hofer. "Recursive Sequential Combustion: A Concept Study About a Momentum-Enhanced Blend of the Reactants With Recirculated Burnt Gases." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59592.

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Abstract Over the last decade, new concepts have evolved to promote a significant azimuthal flow in annular combustors of gas turbines. The benefits are better flame propagation at ignition, positive flame-flame interaction, and better interaction with the burnt gases. Other advantages in terms of size, congestion and conditioning of the turbine inlet flow are also significant. The technical challenges reported by the literature are often related to the higher thermal stress of the flames on the walls compared to a conventional frame. Other sources of inspiration for this work are the principles of burnt gas recirculation, sequential combustion and flameless combustion. This contribution focuses on a novel tangential burner arrangement inspired by the previous references. It offers a synthesis of key features and properties of the latter and goes even further. Here, a significant part of the burnt gases produced by one burner intentionally enters the inlet of the next burner, and so on along the azimuthal direction. This takes advantage of the closed loop aspect of an annular combustor when considering the toroidal direction. It also proposes a solution to the thermal load problem. We named this principle Recursive Sequential Combustion (RSC). While the flame alignment is organised along the generatrix of the combustor’s annulus, one difficulty lies in the design of the lateral feeds of reactants and the lateral exit of the exhaust gases. A double-spiral combustor design is proposed, which has similarities with the Swiss Roll Combustor concept. It directs the flow in the toroidal direction, as well as it creates the favourable conditions for a dynamically stabilised premixed flame centred along the torus’ generatrix at some distance from the walls. This design maximises the interaction between the fresh reactants and the burnt gases. The technical challenge is to find the right balance in terms of momentum flux of the incoming and outgoing flows to keep the flame in the middle of the torus. If this concept is successful, a lean flame could be operated with an unmatched trade-off between stability, flexibility and low-emissions (including soot). The paper reports about the RSC concept, the design, and the early results.
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